SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference 2006 Oct.

18-2 1, 2006 in Bexco, Busan, Korea

Regenerative Power Control for Electric Bicycle Nitipong Somchaiwong' and Wirot Ponglangka2
Department of Electrical, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiangrai Campus Chiangrai, 57120, Thailand (Tel: +66-0-5372-9600; E-mail: thaijoblessghotmail.com) 2Department of Electronic, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiangrai Campus Chiangrai, 57120, Thailand (Tel: +66-0-5372-9600; E-mail: wirotepghotmail.com) Abstract: This paper presents the design regenerative power control for electric bicycle. PM brushless dc motor use on electric bicycle. In electrical bicycle system occurs due to the regenerative power regulating to prevent a DC-link over-voltage condition. Regenerative power control circuit is absorbing regenerative power in the battery. Details of the motor and the electronic converter are given. The regenerative power control for electric bicycle method is a sample and a low-cost solution. Test results confirmed the feasibility of the proposed motor design.

Keywords: electric bicycle, regenerative power control, BLDCM, permanent magnet brushless dc motor.

1. INTRODUCTION In this paper, we describe a studying and designed regenerative power control for an electric bicycle. This method uses to examine the energy remainder from a motor while a motor was suspended to brake off. This proposes capable to inspection the voltage that supplies to motor and comparison with the reflected voltage from the motor. Normally, a motor was performed as a load of circuit and have the voltage equivalents to same value. When we describing to this characteristic, meanwhile a bicycle are running on a slope down of route, caused to increasing a cycle speed of motor more than a normally situation. In previous, is the main reason to have an experiment of a regenerative power control for electric bicycle. The experiments results were succeed according to designed condition. 2. AN ELECTRIC BICYCLE THEORY Electric bicycles were lead to more popular in used on present-day. At the present moment, the energy price from oils was more expensive. The used of motor type in this paper was in wheel of Electric bicycle type. The useful of this motor type is use to perform an original model in the studying and designing inspection and regenerative power control circuit. The components of an Electric bicycle as shown in fig. 1

From fig. 1 is shown the original model of Electric bicycle which motor inside the wheel installation. The voltage of 36V is necessary for this motor.

Fig. 2 The in wheel motor.

From fig. 2 is an in wheel motor type has voltage limiting on 36 V. and the motor speed is 300 rpm.

3. BASIC OF IN WHEEL MOTOR DRIVING In wheel motor has a basic structure similar to BLDCM (Brushless DC Motor). In generally, have a coil is winding enclose to at stator and have permanent magnetic located at the core of rotor as in figure 3.

Fig. 1 Original of An Electric bicycle.

89-950038-5-5 98560/06/$10 C 2006 ICASE

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IF

End.

Output > input = charger on Output< input = off

From the abovementioned, we can design the regenerative power circuit accomplished as shown in figure 5.
2

DI
R1

Tr
I

Fig. 3 The Structure of In Wheel motor.

From fig. 3 is shown the structure of In wheel motor for the original model in this propose.

Battery

R4
D2

IGBT

Motor

In

IF

~ 19

D,~~~

4. THE BASIC OF ENERGY CONTROL CIRCUIT OFAN ELECTRIC BICYCLE

In fig. 4 is shown a diagram of an Electric bicycle control circuit and divided to two parts.

Fig. 5 A Regenerative Power Status Inspector Circuit. The operation of figure 5, if the voltage on "1" positions are greater than "2" positions, while a position "1" as output but position "2" as the input. A result from difference voltage is leading to control transistor on. The current is driving by transistor passing through R3 and R4 to ignite the gate of IGBT switches ON state. A result from IGBT switches ON state, and causes the voltage across on position "X" and D2 will prevent over voltage of IGBT
4.2 BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUIT

1. Regenerative power inspector circuit. 2. Battery charger circuit.

Fig. 4 Diagram of power control circuit of Electric

Bicycle.
From fig. 4 this diagram is describing the principle of power control circuit operation of an Electric bicycle. The control circuit is dividing to two parts for inspection the status of regenerative power and battery charger control circuit. The principle operation of control circuit is show in this detail. 4.1 REGENERATIVE POWER STATUS INSPECTOR CIRCUIT

The function of battery charger is that operate continuing from regenerative power circuit by receive voltage across "X" position entering to be input voltage of battery charger according to figure 6. DI RI

D2
x

C3

TR2l

TC2

R5

This circuit used to examine the regenerative power status by checking the magnitude of voltage at the out put of circuit. The method in order to inspection accomplished by connecting a wire on a pole of motor position comparison with input voltage by connected on a pole of battery position. IF magnitudes on the output voltage are greater than input voltages, a regenerative power control circuit is operating by transmitting an electric signal to battery charger circuits operating according to this procedure.

Fig. 6 Battery Charger Circuit.

An operation of battery charger of circuit in figure 6 accomplished with the voltage across input position or "X" position of regenerative power circuit, there are the current passing through R1 , R4 and R3 to activation the operation of Q2 and Q1 respectively. While Q1 is

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ON state, the output voltage usable to charge battery at position (VX ) .

motor state. The other hand, the red line is representing mechanic energy supplied to motor state.

5. THE EXPERIMENT RESULTS 5.1 An experimental of relationship between voltage supplied to motor and motor speed according
motor and cycle speed.

5.2 The experimental for regenerative Circuit

power

control

Table 1 The relationship between voltage supplied to

The experiment setting by initialization modeling the velocity of motor speed are stable at 40 rpm with supplied the voltage to motor is 5 volts and supplied mechanical energy to motor for regenerative power in experiment of Electric bicycle.

Voltage(V) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
powers supplied with cycle speed we supplying the power to motor.

speed(rpm)
40 130 180 220 270 310
occurred meanwhile

90

From table

is the relationship between voltage Fig. 8 The situation Modeling for Regenerative State. Table 3 The results of modeling by supplied voltage to motor 5 V.

Table 2 The relationship between motor speed and voltage while supplied mechanical energy to motor.

speed(rpm) 40
90 130 180 220 270 310

Voltage(V)
4.2 9.2 14 19 23 28 32

speed(rpm)
40 90 130 180 220 270 310
1816 1412642 0

Vx (V)
0 9.72 11.93 12.17 12.41 13.24 15.24

From table 2 is shown the relationship between cycle speed and voltage while supplied mechanic energy to motor and the results inform of graphic according to fig. 7 is the voltage versus motor cycle speed.
40 35;
30

25-

20
0
10

15-

40

90

130

180

220

270

310

50-

Speed(V)
40 90 130
180 220 270
310

Speed(rpm)

Fig. 9 Graph illustrations for the Operating of Regenerative Power Circuit.

From table 3 and fig. 9 is shown the characteristic operating of inspector circuit while cycle speed of motor more than 40rpm. The motor will generating output voltage more than 5V, caused the regenerative power circuit operated and appearance the voltage across VX . This voltage usable to charge battery.

Fig. 7 The relationship of voltage and cycle speed of Motor.

From fig. 7 there are 2 state of the relationship between voltage and cycle speed according to the blue line is representing an electrical energy supplied to

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6. SUMMARY
This paper proposes a studying and designed regenerative power control for an electric bicycle by generating a model situation of regenerative power. The results of an experimental, we can storage an electrical energy in real time and use as to original modeling in order to improve in the practical application. The propose method were derived completed with more simply and save cost.

REFERENCES
[1] Tomy Sebastian and Shashi B. Dewan, "Comparison of Dual - Converter Based Power Supply Systems," IEEE Transations on Industry Applications, Vol. 25, No. 2, March/April 1989. [2] Dennis H. Braun, Tomas P. Gilmore and Walter A. Maslowski, "Regenerative Converter for PWM AC Drivers," IEEE Transations on Industry Applications, Vol. 30, No. 5, September/October 1994. [3] T.F. Chan, Lie-Tong Yan and Shao-Yuan Fang, "In-Wheel Permanent-magnet Brushless dc Motor Drive for an Electric Bicycle," IEEE Transations on Energy Conversion, Vol. 17, No. 2 June 2002. [4] Duane C. Hanselman, Brushless Permanent Magnet Motor Design. McGraw-Hill,Inc. 1994. [5] T. Kenjo and S. Nagamori, Permanent-Magnet and Brushless DC Motors. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford. 1985. [6] R. Krishnan, Electric Motor Drives, Modeling, Analysis, and Control. Prentice Hall, Inc. New Jersey. 2001.

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