1. State the significance and scope of environmental education.

The significance of environmental education is to educate the people for preserving quality environment. Scope of environmental science: Studying the interrelationship between the components of env. Carrying out impact analysis and env. Audit Preventing pollution from existing and new industries Stopping the use of biological and nuclear weapons Managing unpredictable disasters etc 2. Distinguish between primary and secondary succession. Succession that begins in new habitats, uninfluenced by pre-existing communities is called primary succession. Succession that follows disruption of a pre-existing community is called secondary succession. 3. Define genetic and species diversity. Species Diversity Variety of species in a given area. Example: Apple, Mango etc Genetic Diversity Diversity within species due to different genetic combinations. Ex: Rice varieties 4. What are endangered and endemic species? Endangered Species population of that species has been reduced to a critical level. Unless it is protected, it is in immediate danger of extinction. Ex: Tiger Endemic Species The species which are native or confined to a particular region. Ex: Monitor Lizard 5. What are the main causes for human wildlife conflicts? Manwildlife conflict refers to the interaction between wild animals and people and the resultant negative impact on people or their resources, or wild animals or their habitat. It occurs when growing human populations overlap with established wildlife territory, creating reduction of resources or life to some people and/or wild animals. 6. Name any two extinct species in India? Indian Javan Rhinoceros, Pink-headed Duck and Himalayan Quail 7. India is mega-diversity nation Account. India's fabulous biodiversity is estimated to be over 45,000 plant species representing about seven percent of the world's flora; and its bewildering variety of animal life represents 6.5 per cent of world's fauna. India stands tenth in 25 most plant-rich countries of the world. 8. Define the tern producer and consumer. Producer- Producers are organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis or other reactions and are a food source for other organisms e.x. plants. Consumer- An organism that gets its food from (eating) other living things, in order to have enough energy to survive or reproduce.

9. How does Biome differs from an ecosystem? An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms in an area functioning together with all the non-living physical factors of the environment. A biome is a major geographical area of ecologically similar communities of plants, animals, and soil organisms, often referred to as ecosystems. Biomes are defined based on factors such as plant structures (such as trees, shrubs, and grasses), leaf types (such as broadleaf and needle leaf), plant spacing (forest, woodland, savanna), and other factors like climate. 10. What are hotspots of biodiversity? Regions that have great diversity of endemic species and at the same time, they have been significantly impacted and altered by human activities. 11. What are primary and secondary air pollutants? Primary pollutants Pollutants that are emitted directly into the atmosphere. Ex. Carbon Monoxide Secondary pollutants Formed in the atmosphere as a result of interactions between the primary air pollutants. Ex: Ozone and PAN. 12. Define the terms point and non-point sources of water pollution. Point sources are discharged pollutants at specific locations through pipes, ditches or sewers into bodies of surface water Non-point sources are large land areas or airsheds that pollute water by runoff, subsurface flow or deposition from atmosphere. 13. What is called thermal pollution? The addition of excess of undesirable heat to water that makes it harmful to man, animals and aquatic life is said to be thermal pollution. 14. Give any four methods to control noise pollution. At the source: Lubrication of machines and tightening the loose nuts. In the path: Keeping the noisy machines covered in an enclosure and Sound proof buildings At receiver: Using earplugs in noisy area 15.