7 Stat Anal Petrophysical Data

1
Statistical Analysis of Statistical Analysis of Petrophysical Petrophysical Data Data

Crossplots: 2-D and 3-D crossplots are used to
determine the extent to which one variable correlates
with the others.
0.1
1
10
100
1000
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
Porosity
P
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,

m
d
Carbonate Sandstone
Porosity-permeability cross-plot
2
Crossplots:
2-D and 3-D crossplots are used to determine the
extent to which one variable correlates with the
others.
Porosity-grain density cross-plot
2.50
2.55
2.60
2.65
2.70
2.75
2.80
2.85
2.90
2.95
3.00
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Fractional porosity
G
r
a
i
n

d
e
n
s
i
t
y
,

g
/
c
c
Carbonate
Sandstone
Granite
Histograms:
Frequency distribution plots allow visual inspection of
the variability of a petrophysical parameter. !n
common frequency distribution analysis, an
incremental values of a petrophysical parameter are
plotted on x-axis, vertical bars on y-axis represent the
percentage or the number of the petrophysical
parameter falling within the increment
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2.5 2.55 2.6 2.65 2.7 2.75 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3
Grain density
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
3
Histograms:
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
.
0
1
0
.
1 1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
Permeability, md
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
C
u
m
.

f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
Frequency Cum. frequency
Mean
Median
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Porosity
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
S
t
o
r
a
g
e

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
Frequency Cum. frequency Storage capacity
Mean
Median
Histograms:
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2.5 2.55 2.6 2.65 2.7 2.75 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3
Grain density
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2.5 2.55 2.6 2.65 2.7 2.75 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3
Grain density
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
Grain density distribution
4
Strip logs:
Conventional core analysis
data includes gamma ray,
porosity, permeability, fluid
saturation and grain density
can be displayed in strip log
format using standard AP!
format log grids and 1:200
vertical scale.
These parameters can be
readily compared to open
hole well logs.
Averaging petrophysical data
( )

=
i
i i
h
h
i i
h capacity Porosity =
=
i i
h capacity porosity Cumulative
5
Averaging of petrophysical data
Average grain density:
( )

=
i
gi i
g
h
h

Averaging of petrophysical data
Average water saturation:
( )
( )

=
i i
i w i i
w
h
S h
S
,
Average oil saturation:
( )
( )

=
i i
i o i i
o
h
S h
S
,
6
Averaging petrophysical data
Arithmetic mean of permeability:
( )

=
i
i i
h
k h
k
Geometric mean of permeability:
( )

=
i
i i
h
k h
k
log
10
Harmonic mean of permeability:
=
i
i
i
k
h
h
k
k
arith
> k
geo
> k
harm
Measure of spreading and variation:
Minimum: the minimum representative value in the data set
Maximum: the maximum representative value in the data set
Variance:
( )
1
2
n
var
i

Standard deviation of porosity:

var =
coefficient of variation (CV)
x
Cv

=
7
Measure of heterogenity:
Lorenz plot:
The Lorenz coefficient is a value used to describe the
permeability heterogeneity within a zone
Calculation of Lorenz coefficient:
Two parameters are required to calculate Lorenz
coefficient.
=
=
=
N
i
i i
n
i
i i
n
h k
h k
F
1
1
=
=
=
N
i
i i
n
i
i i
n
h
h
C
1
1
The normalized
cumulative flow capacities
The normalized cumulative
storage capacities
8
Calculation of Lorenz
coefficient:
1.0000 1.0000 0.02 4.8
1.0000 0.9870 0.04 7.0
1.0000 0.9680 0.51 11.7
0.9997 0.9364 3.0 13.1
0.9980 0.9009 4.2 14.6
0.9957 0.8614 4.5 14.9
0.9931 0.8210 4.7 13.3
0.9905 0.7850 8.7 13.6
0.9857 0.7482 11 11.9
0.6906 0.3065 157 13.7
0.6029 0.2694 165 20.6
0.5107 0.2136 188 18.4
0.4057 0.1638 193 18.9
0.2978 0.1126 249 20.9
0.1587 0.0561 284 20.7
Cumulative
fractional
flow
capacity
Cumulative
fractional
storage
capacity
Permeabilit
y
mD
Porosity
%
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Cumulative fractional storage capacity
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

f
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
a
l

f
l
o
w

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
yA1
A2
Lorenz coefficient = A1/A2
The area between the
actual data curve and the
45 degree line divided by
the area of the triangle
below the 45 degree line
is the Lorenz coefficient.
If the reservoir is
homogeneous, Lorenz
coefficient is zero.
If the reservoir is
extremely heterogeneous,
Lorenz coefficient is one.
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Cumulative fractional storage capacity
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

f
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
a
l

f
l
o
w

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
yA1
A2
Lorenz coefficient = A1/A2
9
Measure of heterogeneity "Dykstra Parson
coefficient":
21.0
20.0
12.0
11.0
8.70
4.70
4.50
4.20
3.00
0.51
0.04
0.02
50.00
54.17
58.33
62.50
66.67
70.63
75.00
79.17
83.33
87.50
91.67
95.83
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
284
249
193
188
165
157
145
96
95
59
42
27
0.00
4.17
8.33
12.50
16.67
20.83
25.00
29.17
33.33
37.50
41.67
45.83
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Permeability
md
Percent
exceeding
i
Permeability
md
Percent
exceeding
i
Measure of heterogeneity Dykstra Parson
coefficient:
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Probability, %
P
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,

m
d
0.1 2.3 16 50 84 97.7 99.9
k84%=2.25md
k50%=24md
50 @
1 . 8+ @ 50 @
k
k k
v
DP

=
10
Measure of heterogeneity Dykstra Parson
coefficient:
The values of permeability variation
can range from zero to 1. With an
exactly uniform set of data having a
value of zero.

7 Stat Anal Petrophysical Data

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7 Stat Anal Petrophysical Data

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1

Statistical Analysis of Statistical Analysis of Petrophysical Petrophysical Data Data

Statistical Analysis of Statistical Analysis of Petrophysical Petrophysical Data Data

Standard deviation of porosity:

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