2010 04 22 P-N-junction-end Ext - Odp

PHYS208 Lecture Thursday 15th April 2010 Lecture Wednesday 21th April 2010 Lecture Thursday 22th April
2010
P-N-Junction part 1+2+3

THE FIRST 18 pages background from previous lectures 4 pages of new lecture calculations with comments -part 1 Part 2 applying law of mass action Part 3 depletion zone and diode characteristic Added scanned handwritten notes from paper-times
PHYS208 - spring 2010 page 1
For work with P-N junction

Exam presentation http://web.ift.uib.no/AMOS/PHYS208/TEXT2010/Exam_2008_LATEX/pn_junction_Ex_2008.pdf
thursday's and following week's text (handwritten notes) http://web.ift.uib.no/AMOS/PHYS208/2008/2008_P-N-junction.pdf ( to be used together with the above pn_junction_Ex_2008.pdf ) (THIS IS INCLUDED HERE)
Some of the formalism is nicely discussed also in http://web.ift.uib.no/AMOS/PHYS208/TEXT2008/phys208_Trygve_SLIDES.pdf
THE FIRST 18 pages or so background from previous lectures
PHYS208 - spring 2010 -
page 2
Electrons and holes When we reverse energy, the holes take the same role as electrons
( note the sign on )
2008 SLIDE NOTE
page 3
Once more about electrons and holes; Ferromagnetic fluid story once more Concept of holes
We have discussed one more illustration of holes: BUBBLES
page 4
COPY OF OLDER NOTE
Starting Impurities
OLDER NOTE
Semiconductors might contain various impurities. However, only the type of impurities discussed below DOPING by controlled impurities of one or other type P or N and the abrupt JUNCTION ( two types of doping in the same crystal structure with a sharp border ) appears to be useful for devices and instruments
Impurity atoms have 5 valence electrons Impurity atoms have 3 valence electrons Donor Acceptor N-type P-type (electron, negative charge carriers) (hole, positive charge carriers)
COPY OF OLDER NOTE

The atom-like states of impurities explained; Bohr-like 'atom' relations More details on the following slide from 2008....
COPY OF OLDER NOTE

Impurity States Donors
from 2008 slide
page 8
Starting P-N junction
page 9
The following three slides show how the
'acceptor levels'
Can be created ABOVE the valence band edge We start by showing how the
'donor levels'are created
BELOW the conduction band edge
page 10
Impurity States - Donors
page 11
Impurity States - Acceptors
page 12
Impurity States - Acceptors
Acceptor Bound State
page 13
Do these 'inclined bands' Look strange to you? We have used such picture before! And with a nice explanation - see the following 2 slides Picture from 1954 article on p-n-junction for solar cell Physical Review
page 14
Do the 'inclined bands'of previous slide look strange to you? We have used such picture before! The forces on electrons Copy is here and a copy of nice explanation on the following slide
page 15
'inclined bands' The forces on electrons
page 16
We have discussed one more illustration of holes: BUBBLES Bubbles travel uppwads Stones are falling downwards
We have discussed one more illustration of holes: BUBBLES And Helium-filled balloon And thus the whole story of
Archimedes law
and buoyancy OPPDRIFT (norwegian)
Any floating object displaces its own weight of fluid. Archimedes of Syracuse
Riddle: Train accellerates. A lamp or rubber ball will hang as shown in the upper picture
Helium-filled balloon in the same train: How will it place itself ?
page 18
(A)
(B) A related riddle: how fast did you give the answer: A stone is placed on a toy boat. The stone is now moved to the water. What will happen? Result (A) or result (B) ? Will the level of water in the container rise or sink?
And thus the whole story of Archimedes law and buoyancy OPPDRIFT (norwegian) Any floating object displaces its own weight of fluid. Archimedes of Syracuse
Diffusion, Fick's first law of diffusion, conductivity, Ohm's Law, drift velocity, mobility, Equillibrium as cancellation of currents
Equillibrium as cancellation of currents; Diffusion caused by gradient of density; what is 'Diffusion constant' D ? ELECTRIC FIELD IS GRADIENT OF ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL. Evaluate potential difference
Einstein Nernst: Diffusion against force related to Boltzmann Use the same equation as before with different aim: Now the Field is known and constant PHYS208 - spring 2010 page 22
Einstein Nernst: gives us the diffusion constant / mobility relation JUST IN THE FORM needed for the potential difference.
PHYS208 Lecture Wednesday 21th April 2010
P-N-Junction Continue model depletion zone

...... pages of new lecture calculations with comments
Einstein Nernst: gives us the diffusion constant / mobility relation - potential difference.
page 26
We have shown that
The potential difference generated in junction of typical doping degrees can be of the order of Volts
page 27
The potential difference is due to the opposite carrier densities. How are they positioned? MODEL:
The drawing to left is showing the whole solution of the model of the charge depletion charge density, electric field and resulting potential difference. This will determine the SIZES OF DEPLETION REGIONS Right realistic shapes
page 29
page 30
PHYS208 Lecture Thursday 22th April 2010
P-N-Junction part 3
Depletion zone and diode characteristic
Added scanned handwritten notes from paper-times
page 31
page 32
page 33
page 34
Use the ni
(pure semiconductor, intrinsic) values see next page

We have invented this new representation
Use the ni (pure semiconductor, intrinsic) values DIMENSIONLESS NUMBERS
page 36
We discussed the fact that this is relevant not only for computers, electronics etc, But also for BASIC SCIENCE
Wikipedia links
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2DEG http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_quantum_Hall_effect
Better picture -Wikipedia
page 37
Forward bias Is case A + on p - on n

Pulls p down Increases diffusion
Reverse Bias Is case B - on p + on n

Pushes p up Does not do much
page 38
P-N-junction workfile
Slide 40-58 Slide 59-63 Slide 63-64 The scanned handwritten p-n junction files SOLAR CELL PRINCIPLE from the web SOLAR CELL PRINCIPLE with our addition the cell as seen by electrons and as seen by holes From wednesday April 23rd, 2008 MODIFIED 2010
page 39
page 40
page 41
page 42
page 43
page 44
page 45
page 46
page 47
page 48
page 49
page 50
page 51
page 52
page 53
page 54
page 55
page 56
Drift comes from the Drude discussion, may be Diffusion constant dimension Einstein - Nernst Derivation: Turn arround the Argument
page 57
page 58
page 59
page 60
page 61
page 62
page 63
page 64
The electrons 'can run' to the left, where the conduction edge has lower energy The holes run 'uphill' to the right Why ? The electrons 'see' the bands as shown in the left view If the holes are to be talked about as 'positive particles', we must change the direction of energy the right view flipped up down in energy Thus also the holes move 'downwards', as they 'see' it Thus both electrons and holes running 'downwards' result in collection of negative charge in the n-region and positive charge in the p-region The reason is the p-n junction inner potential step

2010 04 22 P-N-junction-end Ext - Odp

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

2010 04 22 P-N-junction-end Ext - Odp

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

PHYS208 Lecture Thursday 15th April 2010 Lecture Wednesday 21th April 2010 Lecture Thursday 22th April

P-N-Junction part 1+2+3

For work with P-N junction

Some of the formalism is nicely discussed also in http://web.ift.uib.no/AMOS/PHYS208/TEXT2008/phys208_Trygve_SLIDES.pdf

THE FIRST 18 pages or so background from previous lectures

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

( note the sign on )

2008 SLIDE NOTE

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

We have discussed one more illustration of holes: BUBBLES

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

COPY OF OLDER NOTE

COPY OF OLDER NOTE

COPY OF OLDER NOTE

Impurity States Donors

from 2008 slide

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

Starting P-N junction

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

The following three slides show how the

'donor levels'are created

BELOW the conduction band edge

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

Impurity States - Donors

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

Impurity States - Acceptors

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

Impurity States - Acceptors

Acceptor Bound State

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

'inclined bands' The forces on electrons

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

Helium-filled balloon in the same train: How will it place itself ?

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

PHYS208 Lecture Wednesday 21th April 2010

P-N-Junction Continue model depletion zone

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

We have shown that

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

PHYS208 Lecture Thursday 22th April 2010

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

(pure semiconductor, intrinsic) values see next page

We have invented this new representation

Use the ni (pure semiconductor, intrinsic) values DIMENSIONLESS NUMBERS

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

Better picture -Wikipedia

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

Forward bias Is case A + on p - on n

Reverse Bias Is case B - on p + on n

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -

PHYS208 - spring 2010 -