Fibre Optics Panda Fibre Presentation PDF

Fujikura PANDA fiber products and Basics of PM fibers
Fiber Optics Network Products Engineering Department Fujikura Ltd.

1
Fujikura proprietary 916-0411-049-02A
How to preserve polarization

A fiber with high internal birefringence can maintain linear polarization against external perturbations since its birefringent axis rotation is small.
Intrinsic birefringence vector Polarization crosstalk
External stress
Birefringence induced by Intrinsic birefringence << external stress

2
Features of Fujikura PANDA fiber

Low attenuation Low polarization crosstalk Design and manufacturing flexibility Any wavelength available. Any types of single-mode fiber can be a PANDA fiber.
Erbium doped and Dispersion shift PANDA fibers
Easy optimization of birefringence and other parameters High dimensional symmetry and uniformity. Suitable for splicing, connectorising, tail- assemblies and devices
Specifications for UV/UV PANDA fibers

c m MFD +/-1.0 m Attenu -ation Max. dB/km Beat Length Mm Crosstal k Max.
dB/100m
Cut-off Wavelength m
Coating Structure
Coating diameter m
SM85-PS-U40A SM85-PS-U25A SM98-PS-U40A SM98-PS-U25A SM13-PS-U40A SM13-PS-U25A SM14-PS-U40A SM14-PS-U25A SM15-PS-U40A SM15-PS-U25A
0.85 0.98 1.3

1.40 -1.49
5.5 6.6 9.5 9.8
3.0 1.0 -2.0 2.5 1.5 -2.7 1.0 2.5 -4.0 1.0 2.8 -4.7 0.5 3.0 -5.0
0.65 -0.80 0.80 -0.95
400+/-15 245+/-15 400+/-15 245+/-15
-30
1.10 -1.29 1.20 -1.38 1.29 -1.45
UV/UV 400+/-15
245+/-15 400+/-15 245+/-15 400+/-15 245+/-15
1.55 10.5
Bend performance of 125m cladding PANDA

No significant performance degradation in a bend diameter 40 mm of 2% proof test PANDA fibers. 1% proof should be bent D60mm due to life time.
Polarization crosstalk (dB/4m)
-50
Crosstalk for Y-polarization
3.0
Bend loss for Y-polarization
-45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 10 20
2.5 2.0
=1.55m
1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
SM15-PS
30
40
50
60
Bend diameter (mm)

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Bend loss (dB/m)
Flame retardant PANDA fiber UL94-V-0 Polyester-elastomer Resin over coating UL1581-VW1 Flame retardant Alternative from Nylon coating fiber
Wavelength:0.85,0.98,1.3,1.45,1.55m, DSF -40 to 85C Operation temperature
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Specifications for 900m PANDA fibers

c m MFD
+/-1.0 m Attenuation Max. dB/km
Beat Length mm
Cross talk
Max. dB/100m
Coating Structure
Diam eter
m UV/Polyesrerelastomer(Black) UV/Polyamide(Black) UV/Polyesrerelastomer(Green) UV/Polyamide(Green) UV/Polyesrerelastomer(Black) UV/Polyamide(Black) UV/Polyesrerelastomer(Black) UV/Polyamide(Black) UV/Polyesrerelastomer(Black) UV/Polyamide(Black)
SM85-PS-H90A SM85-PS-N90A SM98-PS-H90A SM98-PS-N90A SM13-PS-H90A SM13-PS-N90A SM14-PS-H90A SM14-PS-N90A SM15-PS-H90A SM15-PS-N90A
0.85
5.5 6.6 9.5 9.8
3.0 1.0 -2.0 2.5 1.5 -2.7 1.0 2.5 -4.0 1.0 2.8 -4.7 0.5 3.0 -5.0
7
0.65 -0.80 0.80 -0.95
0.98
1.3
-25
1.10 -1.29 1.20 -1.38 1.29 -1.45
900 +/100
1.40 -1.49
1.55 10.5
Specifications for PANDA fiber cords

c m MFD
Beat Length mm
Cross talk
Max. dB/100m
Coating Structure
Diam eter
mm UV/Polyamide(Black)/ PVC (Black)*
SM85-PS-C28A
0.85 0.98 1.3

1.40 -1.49
5.5 6.6 9.5 9.8
3.0 1.0 -2.0 2.5 1.5 -2.7 1.0 2.5 -4.0 1.0 2.8 -4.7 0.5 3.0 -5.0
0.65 -0.80 0.80 -0.95
SM98-PS-C28A
UV/Polyamide(Green)/ PVC(Black)*
SM13-PS-C28A
-25
1.10 -1.29 1.20 -1.38 1.29 -1.45
UV/Polyamide(Black)/ PVC (Black)*
2.8 +/0.2
SM14-PS-C28A
SM15-PS-C28A
1.55 10.5
*Halogen free, flame resistance, 2mm diameter cord will be released on January 2005.
Specifications for Dispersion Shift PANDA fibers

c m MFD
Beat Length mm
Cross talk
Max. dB/100m
Cut-off Wavelength
Max. m
Coating Structure
Diamete r
DS15-PS-U40A
1.55
8.0
0.5
3.0 -5.0
-30
1.53
UV/UV
400 +/15 900 +/100 2800 +/200
DS15-PS-H90A DS15-PS-N90A DS15-PS-C28A
-25
UV/Polyesterelastomer(Blue) UV/Polyamide(Blu e) UV/Polyamide(Blu e)/PVC(Black)*
*Halogen free, flame resistance, 2mm diameter cord will be released on January 2005.
Features of RC-PANDA fibers 1

1.Higher birefringence for lateral pressure endurance
f r f
B = 4C
f 1 E r
B = 2C(1 Cos Sin)
f 1 E r
C:Photo Elastic constant E:Youngs modulus
Re-design Stress applying parts

B2O3 , OH absorption increase MFD non-circularity increase
2. Attenuation and MFD non-circularity optimization
To improve above, reduce slightly MFD diameter.

10
Features of RC-PANDA fibers 2

3. Smaller bending radius tolerance
R r
1 r2 B= C 2 2 R
For good bending property, Bending loss Bending crosstalk should be small both.
4. Splice loss optimizing Telecom component Need low splice loss with different major fiber splices Requirement: Splice loss < 0.1dB
Higher aperture design and achieve good results
MFD differences with other fibers are designed within slight level
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Attenuation and Crosstalk in 4m length bending

980nm RC-PANDA
-40 0.8 0.7 Crosstalk [dB/4m] Crosstalk [dB/4m] -35 0.6 0.5 -30
: Fast axis :Slow axis
1550nm RC-PANDA
-40 0.8 0.7 -35 0.6 0.5 -30
: Fast axis : Slow axis
Bending Loss [dB/m]
Bending Loss [dB/m]
0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1
0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1
-25
-25
-20 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Bending Diameter [mm]
0.0
-20 15
Y: Fast axis
0.0 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Bending Diameter [mm]
X: Slow axis
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Specifications for RC-PANDA fibers

c m MFD
Beat Length Mm
Cross Talk
Max. dB/100m
Coating Structure
Diameter
RCSM98-PSU17B RCSM13-PSU17B RCSM14-PSU17B RCSM15-PSU17B
0.98
6.0 8.2 9.0 9.5
2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0
1.4 -2.6 2.0 -3.5 2.3 -4.2 2.5 -4.5
0.80 -0.95
1.3
1.40 -1.49
-25
1.10 -1.29 1.20 -1.38 1.29 -1.45
UV/UV 165+/-10
1.55
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PANDA fibers for sensors

Stable sensing against external perturbations Connecting fiber to sensor light source Suitable for faraday effect sensing fibers
(UV/UV coating type of 0.63, 0.48m were started to release )
Blue laser cutoff wavelength is also available
14
Typical wavelength characteristics of sensor 0.48,0.63 PANDA
Typical Spectral Attenuation of SM48-P
Typical Spectral Attenuation of SM63-P 10
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 450
Loss(dB/km)
Loss(dB/km)
500
550
600
0 600
650
700
750 Wavelength (nm)
800
850
900
Wavelength(nm)
15
Specifications for sensor PANDA fibers

c MF (Core)
diameter +/-1.0 m
Attenuation
Beat Length Max Mm
Crosstalk
Max. dB/100m
Coating Structure
Diameter
Max. dB/km
HA13-PS-U25A
1.3 0.85
5.5 4.0
2.0 3.5 12
2.5
1.00 -1.29
UV/UV
245+/-15
RCHA85-PSU17B SM63-PS-N90A SM63-PS-U40A SC48-PS-N90A SC48-PS-U40A SC48-PS-U25A
0.63 (4.0)
-30
2.0
0.65 -0.80 0.50 -0.62
165+/-10
UV/Polyamide (Black)
900+/-100
UV/UV 0.48 (4.0)
400+/-15
900+/-100
30 0.40 -0.47
UV/Polyamide (Black)
UV/UV
400+/-15 245+/-15
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Low birefringence PANDA fiber

Optimized birefringence for polarization devices
Suitable for temperature sensitive polarization devices SAPs (Stress applying parts) interval is widely located Lower birefringence than standard PANDA SAP thermal expansion coefficient is less effective that temperature dependence should be stable
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Specifications for low birefringence PANDA fibers

c m MFD
Beat Length mm
Cross talk
Max. dB/100m
Coating Structure
Diameter
SM98-PR-U25A-H
0.98
6.6 9.8
3.0 1.0 0.5
2.8 -4.9 4.1 -7.3 4.4 -7.8
0.80 -0.95
SM14-PR-U25A-H
1.40 -1.49
-25
1.20 -1.38 1.29 -1.45
UV/UV
245+/-15
SM15-PR-U25A-H
1.55 10.5
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PANDA fiber tail assembly

PANDA Connectors
FC connector SC connector
Custom-made Assembly
Special ferrule Special tail assembly -Rounded-end, Taper-end -Metallic coating, AR coating
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PANDA connectors
PANDA-FC Connector FC and SC Connector typical properties Polishing SPC Insertion Loss max 0.5dB Return Loss min 40dB Crosstalk max -25dB Axial Alignment typ +/-3 deg UPC APC 0.5dB 0.5dB 50dB 60dB -25dB -25dB +/-3 deg +/-3 deg
PANDA-SC Connector
Other connectors, polishing and axis alignments are also available. Fujikura proprietary 916-0411-049-02A
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Basics of Polarization maintaining fibers
Fiber Optics Network Products Engineering Department Fujikura Ltd.

21
Polarization modes in ideal SM fiber

A Single-mode(SM) fiber has two degenerated orthogonal polarization modes, which have the identical propagation constant: nx=ny, bx=by Rotational asymmetries such as core ellipse or lateral stress induce birefringence and lift the degeneracy.
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Polarization in ideal SM fiber

An ideal SM fiber with perfect rotational symmetry can maintain any state of polarization. If any stress induces on the fiber or a fiber has an non circular core...
Without external stress
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Stress-induced birefringence
Rotationally asymmetrical stress changes refractive indices for two orthogonal polarization direction (birefringent axes): photo-elastic effect. As a result, the two orthogonal modes are separated: nx > ny, x > y: stress birefringence.
B = n x n y = C ( x x )
C:Photo Elastic constant
x y
External stress due to bend or lateral pressure
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Polarization in actual SM fiber

Stress-induce phase difference causes polarization change. State of polarization at output is not stable.
External stress
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Structure of PANDA fiber

Boron-doped SAP(Stress applying parts) have higher thermal coefficient of expansion than the cladding.
SAP: 3 X10-6 / degree C Cladding: 5 X 10-7 / degree C Y ( f ast axis) Core (GeO2+SiO2) Cladding (SiO2) X ( slow axis)
The SAP shrinks more than the cladding during cooling process of drawing. Tensile stress of SAP direction remains in the core induces large stress birefringence.
Stress applying parts (B2O3+SiO2)
Refractive index profile along x- direction 26

How to preserve polarization

A fiber with high internal birefringence can maintain linear polarization against external perturbations since its birefringent axis rotation is small.
Intrinsic birefringence vector Polarization crosstalk
External stress
Birefringence induced by Intrinsic birefringence << external stress

27
Production process of Fujikura PANDA
Manufacture VAD preform
Drilling, lapping , and polishing Manufacture SAPs
Assembling Drawing
Shipment
Final inspection
Rewinding to shipping spool

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Intermediate inspection
Prooftest
Inspection items and methods on PANDA fiber

Application Fiber diameter Core offset Coat diameter Mode field diameter Cutoff wavelength Attenuation Group beat length Crosstalk O/I/F I/F O/I I I I I F O: Process measurement I: Intermediate inspection F: Final inspection
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Method or technique Grey scale Grey scale Microscope Far-field pattern / Variable aperture Bend reference OTDR / Spectral loss (cutback)
JME / Wavelegth scan
Reference ITU-T G.650 ITU-T G.650 --ITU-T G.650 ITU-T G.650 ITU-T G.650 ITU-T G.650 FOTP-193
Direct
Beat length
Beat length Lb is one cycle of periodical polarization variation along a PM fiber. Related to modal birefringence as follows: Lb = B
g th n e l t ea Lb:B
30
Measurement of polarization crosstalk

Measure the extinction ratio of output light while input linear polarization is launched into input.
Compensator or depolarizer Analyzer Light Source Polarizer Power meter Fiber under test Py Px X-Pol.
Polarization crosstalk CT=10log Py Px
Py Y-Pol. Px
P CT=10log x Py
Unit: dB
31
Power coupling coefficient

Polarization crosstalk in linear expression is proportional to fiber length through random modecoupling. Power coupling coefficient, h-parameter, is defined as a power coupled to the orthogonal mode in unit -15 length.
Polarization crosstalk (dB) -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 1
32 CT0 = -47 dB -30 dB/100 m -25 dB/100 m
tan 1 ( ) h= L L CT Py = = 10 10 Px
L:Fiber Length
10 100 Fiber length (m)
1000
Reliability performance
Test item 1 Observation of
Coating Reference --IEC,GR-20 ---
Condition
Origin,Temperature-humidity aging, Water soak,Hot water soak
Origin(45,23,0degC), Temperature- humidity aging, Water soak,Hot water soak Aging(-40,85degC), Temperature cycling Temperature-humidity aging, Hot water soak Aging(-40,85degC), Temperature cycling Temperature-humidity aging, Hot water soak Origin, Aging(-40,85degC),Temperature cycling,Temperature-humidity aging
Results Passed Passed Passed
2 Strippability 3 Attenuation 4 Polarization

Crosstalk
---
Passed
5 Tensile strength 6 Fatigue value 7 Other
IEC,GR-20 IEC,GR-20
UL1591 VW-1
Passed Passed Passed
Origin, Temperature-humidity aging For reference, Flame retardant only
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Summary of Fujikura PANDA fiber

Low attenuation and low polarization crosstalk High reliability proofed in actual system and customer High dimensional symmetry and uniformity. Suitable for splicing and connectorizing New series are released as ongoing developments Flame retardant coating 80 micron cladding Sensing
(SM48-P,SM63-P, RCHA85-P,HA13-P UV/UV series )
Low birefringence
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Fujikura PANDA fiber products and Basics of PM fibers

Fiber Optics Network Products Engineering Department Fujikura Ltd.

How to preserve polarization

Birefringence induced by Intrinsic birefringence << external stress

Features of Fujikura PANDA fiber

Specifications for UV/UV PANDA fibers

0.85 0.98 1.3

5.5 6.6 9.5 9.8

0.65 -0.80 0.80 -0.95

400+/-15 245+/-15 400+/-15 245+/-15

1.10 -1.29 1.20 -1.38 1.29 -1.45

Fujikura proprietary 916-0411-049-02A

Bend performance of 125m cladding PANDA

-45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 10 20

1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0

Bend diameter (mm)

Bend loss (dB/m)

Specifications for 900m PANDA fibers

5.5 6.6 9.5 9.8

0.65 -0.80 0.80 -0.95

1.10 -1.29 1.20 -1.38 1.29 -1.45

Fujikura proprietary 916-0411-049-02A

Specifications for PANDA fiber cords

mm UV/Polyamide(Black)/ PVC (Black)*

0.85 0.98 1.3

5.5 6.6 9.5 9.8

0.65 -0.80 0.80 -0.95

1.10 -1.29 1.20 -1.38 1.29 -1.45

UV/Polyamide(Black)/ PVC (Black)*

UV/Polyamide(Black)/ PVC (Black)*

UV/Polyamide(Black)/ PVC (Black)*

Fujikura proprietary 916-0411-049-02A

Specifications for Dispersion Shift PANDA fibers

400 +/15 900 +/100 2800 +/200

DS15-PS-H90A DS15-PS-N90A DS15-PS-C28A

UV/Polyesterelastomer(Blue) UV/Polyamide(Blu e) UV/Polyamide(Blu e)/PVC(Black)*

Fujikura proprietary 916-0411-049-02A

Features of RC-PANDA fibers 1

B = 2C(1 Cos Sin)

C:Photo Elastic constant E:Youngs modulus

Re-design Stress applying parts

2. Attenuation and MFD non-circularity optimization

To improve above, reduce slightly MFD diameter.

Features of RC-PANDA fibers 2

Higher aperture design and achieve good results

Fujikura proprietary 916-0411-049-02A

Attenuation and Crosstalk in 4m length bending

Bending Loss [dB/m]

Bending Loss [dB/m]

0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1

0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1

-20 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Bending Diameter [mm]

0.0 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Bending Diameter [mm]

Fujikura proprietary 916-0411-049-02A

Specifications for RC-PANDA fibers

RCSM98-PSU17B RCSM13-PSU17B RCSM14-PSU17B RCSM15-PSU17B

6.0 8.2 9.0 9.5

2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0

1.4 -2.6 2.0 -3.5 2.3 -4.2 2.5 -4.5

1.10 -1.29 1.20 -1.38 1.29 -1.45

Fujikura proprietary 916-0411-049-02A

PANDA fibers for sensors

Blue laser cutoff wavelength is also available