ADIT-IT409 Wu Jian Min

150100000698

ADVANCED DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Project Documentation
ADIT IT409 Networks & Internet

[ATM]

Name: Wu Jian Min Student ID: 150100000698 Class: IT409-Networks & Internet Country: Brunei Lecturer Name: Mr. Jomar de Luna

Wu Jian Min Page 1

ADIT-IT409 Wu Jian Min

150100000698

Contents
1. Project Overview

Page

1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................3 1.2 Objective........................................................................................................................4 1.3 History of ATM............................................................................................................5 2. Protocol and Network Configuration 2.1 ATM Architecture..........................................................................................................6 2.2 Network Topology & Protocols.....................................................................................7 3. Technical Content 3.1 Application Area............................................................................................................8 3.2 Hardware and software..................................................................................................9 3.2 ATM Network..............................................................................................................10 3.3 Technology used..........................................................................................................11 4. Implementation 4.1 Summary......................................................................................................................12 4.2 Future development.....................................................................................................13 4.3 Cost..............................................................................................................................14 4.4 Benefit analysis...........................................................................................................15 6. Reference......................................................................................................................16 7. Appendix.....................................................................................................................B-1

Wu Jian Min Page 2

ADIT-IT409 Wu Jian Min

150100000698

Project Overview
Introduction

Both Asynchronous Transfer Mode and Automated teller machine are abbreviated as ATM. But I am discussing Asynchronous Transfer Mode in this module.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode Definition ATM is a standard switching technique that encodes data into small and fixed-sized cells because it can reduce queuing delay and can be switched quickly. ATM is used in computer networks like LANs & WANs and it is also used in telecommunication, such as video, voice and data that require high-speed communication. ATM cell is made of header and user information. Header has 5 bytes and user information has 48 bytes. The basic format of an ATM cell is shown as below:
Header Information User

Two different cell formats exist in ATM. The two-format diagrams are shown as below:
7 0 GFC VPI VPI VCI VCI VCI UNI ATM Cell CLP HEC PT VCI CLP NNI ATM Cell HEC VCI VCI PT VPI 4 3 7 0 VPI 4 3

GFC stands for Generic Flow Control, it has 4 bits.

User Information

User Information VPI stands for Virtual Path identifier, it has 8 bits UNI or 12 bits NNI.

VCI stands for Virtual Channel identifier, it has 16 bits. PT stands for Payload Type, it has 3 bits. HEC stands for Header Error Control, it has 8 bit CRC.
Wu Jian Min Page 3

ADIT-IT409 Wu Jian Min

150100000698

Objective

The benefits of Asynchronous transfer mode are: 1. ATM provides fast, hardware-based switching. 2. ATM provides connection-oriented service. It is similar to traditional telephony 3. ATM provides high speed communication. 4. ATM provides a single, universal, interoperable network transport. 5. ATM provides a single network connection that can reliably mix with voice, video and data. 6. ATM provides flexible and efficient allocation of network bandwidth. 7. ATM provides the best multiple service support. 8. ATM provides data link layer services in OSI physical layer links, QoS (Quality of Service) and traffic shaping.

Wu Jian Min Page 4

ADIT-IT409 Wu Jian Min

150100000698

History of ATM

ATM is the culmination of all the developments in switching and transmission in the last twenty years. Three switching are identity as packet switching, circuit switching and multi-rate circuit switching. A generic switching network consists of a set of nodes connected by transmission media. Data entering the network from a station are routed to the destination by being switched from node to node. Transmitting data through telephones were allocated a single channel per line and signals were analog in the late 1800s. After development of the vacuum tube, analog system employing Frequency Division Multiplexing in1925 and coax was installed in 1936. Soon after, a high bit rate digital system employing Time Division Multiplexing was appeared.

Wu Jian Min Page 5

ADIT-IT409 Wu Jian Min

150100000698

Protocol and Network Configuration

ATM Architecture:
1

: Data

: Voice

: Video
User Application
1 2 3

User Application
1 2 3

ATM Adaptati on Layer Switc h ATM layer Physical layer Physical layer

ATM Adaptati on Layer

ATM layer Physical layer End Station

ATM layer Physical layer End Station

Physical layer:

It is the lowest layer in the ATM protocol. Physical layer is the physical transmission of information through an ATM network. There are different types physical media specified for ATM. Those types are STP, UTP, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. ATM layer: ATM layer is physical interface. This layer is located between the ATM adaptation layer and physical layer. ATM layer is used to relay cells. There are two routes to relay cells. One route is from the adaptation layer to physical layer for transmission; the other route is from physical layer to ATM adaptation layer for use in an endpoint. The relaying function of ATM layer is according to the location of the layer at an endpoint or a switch. ATM Adaptation Layer: ATM adaptation layer can be abbreviated as AAL. This layer is the top layer in the ATM protocol model. AAL provides an interface for higher layer protocols and ATM layer. Usually data, voice and video access an ATM network through on this interface. The important function of ATM adaptation layer is format conversion.
Wu Jian Min Page 6

ADIT-IT409 Wu Jian Min

150100000698

Network Topology:

Diagram symbol: ATM switch ATM router

Protocols: NNI protocols route ATM signaling requests between switches P-NNI protocols multi-switch private ATM networks P-NNI Phase 0 protocol based on UNI 3.0 signaling and static routes P-NNI Phase 1 protocol support dynamic routing

Wu Jian Min Page 7

ADIT-IT409 Wu Jian Min

150100000698

Technical Content
Application Area: There are several practical applications using ATM technology. Some of the applications are shown as below: 1. Telephone service system It is a private ATM network. An ATM communications system provides the option of advanced communications services or conventional telephone service to customer. 2. Video Conferencing It is a set of telecommunication technologies. The function is to allow different locations to communicate by simultaneous two- way video and audio transmissions. 3. Mobile computing over ATM Mobile computing allows transmission of data, via a computer, without having to be connected to a fixed physical link. 4. ATM over satellite Communications 5. Desktop Conferencing Desktop Conferencing is similar to video conferencing. It performed from a personal computer. It is used for a group of people who hold a conference using PC to communicate with other employees.

Wu Jian Min Page 8

ADIT-IT409 Wu Jian Min

150100000698

Hardware and software Each network must consist of hardware and software. Some sample hardware and software are listed on below: Hardware: ATM adapter ATM switch ATM router Monitor Keyboard and Mouse Speaker Telephone Webcam

Software: Operating system: Window Server 2003 or higher

Wu Jian Min Page 9

ADIT-IT409 Wu Jian Min

150100000698

An ATM Network: An ATM switch and ATM end stations made an ATM network. telephones, and video coder-decoders are examples of end stations. Workstations,

ATM switch is used to transit cell over an ATM network. Details of ATM work as below: 1. ATM switch receives and gets the incoming cell from another ATM switch or ATM endpoints. 2. The cell header information is updated by ATM switch and then cell is switched to an output interface toward its destination. There are two different types of interface in ATM end station. 1. UNI stands for User-to-Network Interface. Different connections are in private network and public network. Connection between an ATM end system and a private ATM switch is a private UNI. Connection between an ATM end system and a public ATM switch or connection between a private switch and a public ATM switch are a public UNI. Therefore UNI is used for communication between end systems and switches. 2. NNI stands for Network-to Network Interface. NNI is similar to UNI but concepts between each other are different. NNI is also in private network and public network. Two private ATM switches connect together is a private NNI. Two public ATM switches connect together is a public NNI. Therefore, NNI is used for communication between switches.

Wu Jian Min Page 10

ADIT-IT409 Wu Jian Min

150100000698

Technology used There are three different types of ATM standards. ITU-T I.361 is the definition of the ATM layer functions. ITU-T I.363 is the definition of the ATM Adaptation layer protocols. ITU-T I.610 is the definition the ATM Operation and Maintenance functions.

Set up a connection:

When node A would like to connect with node B, node A must send a signaling request packet to ATM switch 1. This request contained ATM address of desired node B. ATM switch 1 accommodates the QOS requested for the connection if ATM switch 1 has a switch table entry for the ATM address of node B. Then, ATM switch 1 established the virtual connection on the input link and forwards the request out the interface specified in the switching table for the ATM NSAP (network service access point) of node B. ATM switch 1 sends the signaling packet to the ATM switch 2. ATM switch 2 sends the signaling packet to the ATM switch 3. If the requested QOS parameters have not been accommodated, the request is not accepted. And a message about rejection is sent back to node A. Once the node B has received signaling packet, it is reassembled and evaluated. Node B responses to node A through an accept message. At this time, ATM switch sets up a virtual circuit. Node A receives the message from ATM switch 1. And the VPI/VCI value that the node A should use for cells destined for the node B.

Wu Jian Min Page 11

ADIT-IT409 Wu Jian Min

150100000698

Implementation
Summary Asynchronous transfer mode is designed to used in voice, data and video transportation on telecommunication, LAN and WAN. It has been used over telephone companies, ISPs and sizable private enterprises. According to ATM has quality of service, it was often set up for mission critical backbones. By using ATM over network, data can be sending quickly based on large bandwidth. This function is good for those companies whose using ATM network technology. Each node is able to receive data without delay. Meanwhile, data would be sent under reliable and dependable. The reason is that ATM regards as object-oriented. ATM must be established a connection before data sending. Today, ATM provides a cost effective. Because using a fixed-length makes low-cost hardware and also non-costly software, those companies are capable to choose ATM technology.

Wu Jian Min Page 12

ADIT-IT409 Wu Jian Min

150100000698

Future development Asynchronous transfer mode is an evolving network technology. It designed to offer a data network that can run in any type of application. Therefore, it is widely used in global world. Until now, there are many companies and telecommunication service provides are still using ATM. The reason of those companies choosing ATM is that ATM is the underlying transport service for their WAN. Nowadays, developers are trying to develop ATM into wireless ATM by hybrid with Ethernet which can be widely used in some network areas. Besides, the cost will be reduced due to the implantation the technology into the Ethernet. Transferring the size of video, voice and data through network is getting larger in order to get better quality and more data. Besides, transferring speed between each network will be very important for sending a large data in order to reduce the time of sending. As a consequence, the development of new standards for professional uncompressed audio and video data over ATM must be continued and improved to surpass the function of current ATM.

Wu Jian Min Page 13

ADIT-IT409 Wu Jian Min

150100000698

Cost Complete network budget Components Cisco 7505 5-slot, 1 cybus, 1rsp4, single power supply ATM swich AT&T TL-210 1-Line Corded Phone Unshielded twisted pair cables (UTP) Logitech Webcam C120 Cisco 2811 ATM Router Dell Vostro 260 ST PC Price per unit $14,400 Quantity 2 Total price $28,800

$14.00 $120.00 (1 box) $12.00 $3754.52 $859

2 1 box 2 2 2

$28.00 $120.00 $24.00 $7509.04 $1718

Wu Jian Min Page 14

ADIT-IT409 Wu Jian Min

150100000698

Benefit analysis The benefits of Asynchronous transfer mode are: 1. ATM provides fast, hardware-based switching. 2. ATM provides connection-oriented service. It is similar to traditional telephony 3. ATM provides high speed communication. 4. ATM provides a single, universal, interoperable network transport. 5. ATM provides a single network connection that can reliably mix with voice, video and data. 6. ATM provides flexible and efficient allocation of network bandwidth. 7. ATM provides the best multiple service support. 8. ATM provides data link layer services in OSI physical layer links, QoS (Quality of Service) and traffic shaping.

Wu Jian Min Page 15

ADIT-IT409 Wu Jian Min

150100000698

Reference
1. Definition of Asynchronous Transfer Mode http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_Transfer_Mode 2. Benefit of ATM http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_of_asynchronous_transfer_mode 3. Evolution http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~nd/surprise_96/journal/vol2/arad/article2.html 4. ATM Layers Refer to study guide IT 409 Networks & the Internet 5. ATM cells http://www-inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~ee290f/sp04/shannaATM.ppt

Wu Jian Min Page 16