HO CHI MINH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

ADVANCED PROGRAM

REPORT
RENEWABLE ENGERGY LAB

Groups members:
Phng Nguyn Minh
L Ng Trung

ILI09031
K0904719

Trn Minh ng

ILI09012

Nguyn Anh T

ILI09064

Nguyn Vn Xun

ILI09067

Lng Tun C

40900282

Nguyn Nh Thng

40802134

Lab 1
Solar panel
45

60

90
U(V)

I(A)

U(V)

I(A)

U(V)

I(A)

5.28

5.25

5.12

4.43

0.24

1.0632

4.55

0.24

1.092

4.16

0.22

0.9152

4.33

0.24

1.0392

4.43

0.25

1.1075

4.11

0.225

0.92475

4.32

0.25

1.08

4.3

0.26

1.118

4.05

0.23

0.9315

4.21

0.255

1.07355

4.2

0.27

1.134

3.89

0.24

0.9336

4.17

0.26

1.0842

4.01

0.28

1.1228

3.59

0.25

0.8975

4.01

0.265

1.06265

3.6

0.29

1.044

3.4

0.255

0.867

3.97

0.27

1.0719

3.291

0.3

0.9873

3.23

0.26

0.8398

3.64

0.28

1.0192

3.044

0.3

0.9132

3.18

0.26

0.8268

3.4

0.29

0.986

2.71

0.31

0.8401

2.66

0.27

0.7182

3.284

0.295

0.96878

2.386

0.31

0.73966

2.53

0.27

0.6831

2.71

0.3

0.813

1.98

0.32

0.6336

2.35

0.27

0.6345

2.238

0.31

0.69378

1.508

0.33

0.49764

2.2

0.27

0.594

1.869

0.32

0.59808

1.132

0.34

0.38488

1.97

0.28

0.5516

1.478

0.33

0.48774

0.492

0.35

0.1722

1.775

0.28

0.497

1.369

0.34

0.46546

0.31

0.355

0.11005

1.5

0.285

0.4275

0.414

0.35

0.1449

0.15

0.36

0.054

1.44

0.29

0.4176

0.132

0.35

0.0462

0.09

0.36

0.0324

0.965

0.3

0.2895

0.04

0.35

0.014

0.0403

0.36

0.014508

0.53

0.3

0.159

0.35

0.36

0.3

Comment:
All of the experiments occurred in the same condition such as the distance from the light to the panel D:
40cm, the same temperature and different in the angle contacting with the light.
As we can see the MPP is the point at the top of the Power Line such as P90, P60, and P45 and in that
order the MPP is 4.32V-0.25A, 4.2V-0.27A, and 3.89V-0.24A. We know that the Power lines here are not
exactly the true because we can see the MPP in the experiment so all thing we choose just for the
experiment we did. And for that we can know the load resistance is in the range from 15.56 Ohm to
17.28 Ohm.
Moreover, when we look at the figure we can see the power is max when the panel in the position that
is 60 degree compared with the land. That can reach at 1.134 Watts.

2. Two panel in series.

V1

V2
5.1
3.8
3.4
3.2
3
2.8
2.3
2
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
1
0.8
0.9
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.1
0

A (mA)
5.1
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.8
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0

0
173
185.7
189
190.5
191.7
193.9
195
196
196.6
199.4
197.7
199.4
200.7
201.1
201.3
202.3
201.6
204
204.4
205.2
206.1
207.4
207.8

P
10.2
7.6
7
6.7
6.3
5.9
5.1
4.6
4.4
4.2
4
3.8
3.4
3.1
2.8
2.7
2.3
2.3
1.9
1.7
1.2
0.9
0.5
0

0
1314.8
1299.9
1266.3
1200.15
1131.03
988.89
897
862.4
825.72
797.6
751.26
677.96
622.17
563.08
543.51
465.29
463.68
387.6
347.48
246.24
185.49
103.7
0

As we can see that 2 panel is in series make the

power double 2.

Two panel in series with one being shaded.

V1

V2
5.32
5.26
5.25
5.25
5.3
5.24
5.24
5.23
5.22
5.22
5.22
5.21
5.21
5.2
5.26
5.2
5.2
5.19
5.19
5.18
5.18
5.18
5.18
5.17
5.17
5.17
5.14

A (mA)
4.76
-2.844
-2.8
-2.82
-2.97
-2.94
-2.9
-3.2
-3.28
-3.33
-3.39
-3.5
-3.81
-3.76
-3.76
-3.8
-4.08
-4.17
-4.13
-4.28
-4.3
-4.35
-4.35
-4.57
-4.55
-4.75
-5.14

0
52.8
52.6
52.5
52.7
52.5
52.7
52.9
52.9
53.2
53.1
53.3
53.7
53.6
53.5
53.6
53.8
53.7
53.6
53.6
53.6
53.9
53.9
54
54
54.1
0

P
10.08
2.416
2.45
2.43
2.33
2.3
2.34
2.03
1.94
1.89
1.83
1.71
1.4
1.44
1.5
1.4
1.12
1.02
1.06
0.9
0.88
0.83
0.83
0.6
0.62
0.42
0

0
127.5648
128.87
127.575
122.791
120.75
123.318
107.387
102.626
100.548
97.173
91.143
75.18
77.184
80.25
75.04
60.256
54.774
56.816
48.24
47.168
44.737
44.737
32.4 As we can see V2 is minute and that make the
33.48 power is very low. The max power is 128.56 mW
22.722
0

Two panel in series with one being shaded and have 2 diodes. With diodes we can reduce the loss
power when one panel in shade. The max power is 1111.86 mW
V1

V2
5.11
5.11
5.1
5.1
5.09
5.08
5.08
5.07
5.07
5.06
5.05
5.04
5.03
5
4.98
4.98
4.96
4.95
4.92
4.88
4.82
4.71
4.41
3.92
3.56
3.32
2.87
2.81
2.29

A
-0.4
-0.4
-0.4
-0.4
-0.4
-0.4
-0.5
-0.5
-0.4
-0.5
-0.4
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5

V
103.8
106.9
111.8
114.2
120
124
126.1
131.5
134
136.5
137.5
147.7
146.3
148.4
169.2
176
179.6
199.6
207.4
228.5
243.6
264.1
279.7
283
285.6
286.4
289.1
289.3
292.4

P
4.71 488.898
4.71 503.499
4.7
525.46
4.7
536.74
4.69
562.8
4.68
580.32
4.58 577.538
4.57 600.955
4.67
625.78
4.56
622.44
4.65 639.375
4.54 670.558
4.53 662.739
4.5
667.8
4.48 758.016
4.48
788.48
4.46 801.016
4.45
888.22
4.42 916.708
4.38 1000.83
4.32 1052.352
4.21 1111.861
3.91 1093.627
3.42
967.86
3.06 873.936
2.82 807.648
2.37 685.167
2.31 668.283
1.79 523.396

Lab 2
Fuel Cell
Part 1. Some information about PEM fuel cell.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells
(PEMFC), are a type of cell being developed for transport applications as well as for stationary fuel cell
applications and portable fuel cell applications. Their distinguishing features include lower
temperature/pressure ranges (50 to 100 C) and a special polymer electrolyte membrane. PEMFCs
operate on a similar principle to their younger sister technology PEM electrolysis.
A proton exchange membrane fuel cell transforms the chemical energy liberated during
the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to electrical energy, as opposed to the
direct combustion of hydrogen and oxygen gases to produce thermal energy.
A stream of hydrogen is delivered to the anode side of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). At the
anode side it is catalytically split into protons and electrons. This oxidation half-cell reaction or
Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction (HOR) is represented by:
At the Anode:
SHE

The newly formed protons permeate through the polymer electrolyte membrane to the cathode side. The
electrons travel along an external load circuit to the cathode side of the MEA, thus creating
the current output of the fuel cell. Meanwhile, a stream of oxygen is delivered to the cathode side of the
MEA. At the cathode side oxygen molecules react with the protons permeating through the polymer
electrolyte membrane and the electrons arriving through the external circuit to form water molecules.
This reduction half-cell reaction oroxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is represented by:
At the cathode:
SHE

Overall reaction:
SHE

The reversible reaction is expressed in the equation and shows the reincorporation of the hydrogen
protons and electrons together with the oxygen molecule and the formation of one water molecule.
How to calculate the efficient
=

Part 2. The experiment and comment.

VHidro(cm3)

T(s)

40

I(mA)

P=VI (mW)

0.624

70.4

43.9296

35 759

0.623

70.3

43.7969

30 813

0.622

70.15

43.6333

25 828

0.621

70

43.47

20 838

0.617

69.6

42.9432

15 839

0.612

68.9

42.1668

10 940

0.611

68.8

42.0368

0.619

69.74

43.16906

Mean
=

V(v)

= 46.36%

We should choose the 3.3 ohm resistor because with this value of resistance, the power supplied is
optimized which makes the speed of reaction fastest and therefore shortens the experiment time.
46.36% energy from the reaction convert to the electric and the other convert to heat
Power output of the fuel cell is approximately constants with time.
References
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel