http://www.DIIA.

info happen on a regular basis) but leaks that can still cause
immense damage – to the smooth running of military
operations and the environment that is.
A DEFENCE INTERACTION The defense world has suddenly developed an
SPECIAL REPORT environmental conscience. Having spent years dumping
every conceivable hazardous item into landfill sites or the
sea and having become experts at covering up
radioactive leaks and fuel leaks with the official comment
‘no significant risk or damage was caused to the
environment’ – there is now a new philosophy in place.

USAF personnel are regularly

engaged in checking for leaks
on all pipelines under their
watch.
Photo USAF

Compiled with the
assistance of
The military have suddenly become concerned about
leaks: not ones of a secret nature (although they still
Prevention.
Preventative measures offer the military the promise of an
eventual stress free life. If they can find a guaranteed way of
preventing nuclear submarines from accidentally discharging
radioactive coolant water into harbours, bays and lochs, they are
certainly going to improve their relations with local communities.
If they notice that sub-sea pipe line leak before the local
fisherman identifies a few thousand gallons of aviation fuel has
decimated his mussel beds, then they will also avoid negative
headlines, costly compensation awards and higher fuel bills. It all
makes sound economical sense.
 man-made conflict can all play a part in producing that leak.
Even the liquid or gas running through the pipe has its effect on
the pipe’s lifespan. Add poor maintenance or total disinterest and
problems will definitely occur. I recall one engineer who was
proudly showing me his technical drawing that outlined a maze of
sub-sea pipe work that was servicing a Navy refuelling depot.
“How often do check the pipes?” I ventured. “Haven’t had to yet”
he smiled. “Fuel gets pumped from one end – ends up at the
other – so we can’t have a problem eh?” He continued to heat up
the seized valve he was working on.

USAF F22A Raptor fighter aircraft taxi in for refuelling.

Thousands of Military Bases –

Even More Pipelines
The U.S. has over 6,000 military bases and installations spread
across North America and close-on 1,000 more worlds wide.
Some of these have underground tanks with pipes buried deep
under conservation areas, running up mountains or along jetties.
There are others with sub-sea storage tanks and pipelines
running over ocean floors, across river beds and through
harbours. Add all the NATO bases, the non-NATO bases of other
countries and you have the potential threat of an environmental
nightmare. Warships, aircraft and military vehicles need fuel:
delivered by ships, pumped or distributed through pipelines –
some over land, others over or underwater. Waste products have
to be removed: often through pipes. In fact you’d be amazed how Staff Sgt. Mike Allen monitors the fuel delivered during a refueling
important pipeline systems are to global armed forces. operation Jan. 5 of a KC-135 Stratotanker at a Southwest Asia air base.
Sergeant Allen is with the 379th Expeditionary Logistics Readiness
Pipelines don’t last for ever and time, weather, the original
Squadron and is deployed from Luke AFB, Ariz. His hometown is in
construction method & material, damage from natural disaster or Phoenix, Ariz. (U. S. Air Force photo/Staff Sgt. Douglas Olsen
U.S. Military Sets An Example
Senior Airmen Antonio Martinez and Juan Reynoso shovel soft
sand over new piping – replacing the old - March 24 at Balad Air
Base, Iraq. The sand will protect and cushion the newly installed
pipes in the Air Force housing area from rocks. The pipe
infrastructure replacement project is scheduled to be completed
by mid-June. Both Airmen are 332nd Civil Engineer Squadron
fuels and utilities plumbers deployed from Peterson Air Force
Base, Colo. (U.S. Air Force photo/Senior Airman Julianne
Showalter)
Accidents of course happen and if the pipeline or installation is
sub-sea - detecting, locating and repairing a leak become even
more difficult. Only regular monitoring can provide protection
against a total system shutdown, economic loss and possible
environmental disaster. Many military bases and harbours were
built long ago: old infrastructure, even older construction
methods. The United States Department of Defense has initiated
a comprehensive and well run Installation Restoration Program
(IRP) where many bases have been closed and cleaned up. Active
bases and harbors have been undergoing renewal programs and
monitoring equipment has been installed to ensure that any
threat to the environment is identified immediately and the
correct rapid response implemented. There is still much work to
do but the U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force & Marines are certainly
succeeding in cleaning up their act.
The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) monitors
leaks on a 24/7 basis. Not surprising, for this massive military
organization looks after all U.S. bases, harbors and infrastructure
as well as maintaining more than 12,000 miles (19,000 km) of
inland waterways. It also operates 235 locks nationwide. These
waterways -a system of rivers, lakes and coastal bays improved
for commercial and recreational transportation - carry about 1/6
of the Nation's inter-city freight, at a cost per ton-mile about 1/2
that of rail or 1/10 that of trucks. USACE also maintains 300
commercial harbors, through which pass 2.0×109 short tons
(1.8×109 metric tons) of cargo a year, and more than 600
smaller harbors. Leaks &
pollution are not an
option.
USACE repair levees in New
Orleans following Hurricane
Katrina. The Corps are still
busy repairing and replacing
over ground and subsea
piping damaged in the storm. The project will continue for many months
to come as New Orleans is slowly rebuilt.
The USACE checks and maintains a vast network of over-land,
sub-surface and sub-sea pipelines throughout the world. USACE
also operates 75 power plants, producing one fourth of the
nation's hydro-electric power--or three percent of its total electric
energy. This makes USACE the Nation's fifth largest electric
supplier.
The Corps of Engineers is the Nation's largest provider of outdoor
recreation, operating more than 2,500 recreation areas at 463
projects (mostly lakes) and leasing an additional 1,800 sites to
State or local park and recreation authorities or private interests.
The Corps hosts about 360 million visits a year at its lakes,
beaches and other areas, and estimates that 25 million
Americans (one in ten) visit a Corps project at least once a year.
Supporting visitors to these recreation areas generates 600,000
jobs.
With a large proportion of the U.S. population living near our sea
and lake shores, and an estimated 75% of U.S. vacations being
spent at the beach, there has been Federal interest – and a Corps
of Engineers mission - in protecting these areas from hurricane
and coastal storm damage. Following a major weather incident,
pipes can be damaged above and below the surface, ships sunk
and contamination can also be caused by breaks in flood
defenses and the flooding of sensitive installations. Oil & water
do not mix.
Dam Safety. The Corps of Engineers is a leader in developing
engineering criteria for safe dams, and conducts an active
inspection program of its own dams. Once again, leaking pipes
are a concern.
USACE reservoirs supply water to nearly 10 million people in 115
cities. In the drier parts of the Nation, water from Corps
reservoirs is also used for agriculture.
Last but certainly not least,
in the USA and overseas,
USACE are heavily involved
in dredging projects both
for civilian harbour
authorities and military
departments. Monitoring
dredging operations is
another priority on a very
www.neptune.gb. com/com/

full list of environmental concerns that fall within the brief of Neptune’s Statue in Virginia Beach. Photograph by Merrilyn
USACE. Prucha

Photo: USACE DREDGE GOETZ

20-Inch Cutterhead Suction Dredge
How do you find a leak?
When it comes to detecting and locating sub-sea pipeline leaks,
you need an expert: preferably one that already has a reputation
for being a global leader in this field. If you are making decisions
in respect to the protection of the environment for any defense Here’s a few tips from Neptune Oceanograhics
department, military unit, marine or harbour authority – it might
just be worth your while to contact Fluorometry

To date, the most successful method of detecting leaks has been

the use of fluorescent dyes detected by ‘black light’ (unfiltered
ultraviolet light) with visual observation either directly by diver or
by underwater camera. The major problem with this method is
www.neptune.gb.com.neptune.gb.com/ that the dye concentration has to be high (see Figure 1 below) to
allow visual observation. Also, general visibility must be good.
They are certainly not the only company offering sub-sea leak
detection systems but these guys really do know their business,
operate worldwide and have an impressive track record for
providing costs effective solutions that actually work!

Neptune has developed several new

leak detection systems based on
fluorometric, acoustic, differential
temperature, MEG and direct
hydrocarbon detection techniques.

Deploying submersible fluorometers that send data up to the
attendant vessel providing a real time visual display has, to a
large extent, solved these problems because they are capable of
measuring concentration levels thus allowing the operator to
‘home in’ on the highest values found at leak source. These
submersible fluorometers are very sensitive and will detect dye
at concentration so low as to be invisible to the naked eye or
underwater camera. The fluorescent dye typically used in leak
detection is Fluorescein, however this is being phased out of
general use as it no longer complies with the latest legislation for
discharges at sea.
Other tracers such as Castrol’s SPF and other clear UV dyes,
Rhodamine and Roemex’s 9022 red dye have been tested to
demonstrate their compliance with the latest legislation and are
now widely used. Neptune’s family of fluorescent leak detection
sensors are capable of detecting these dyes and in addition,
detect crude oil, lubricating oil and hydrocarbon based control
fluids using the UV version.
• Until recently, spatial coverage has normally been very small
because the sensor has to be in the leak plume, thus making
detection rather hit and miss if great care is not taken to observe
position in relation to pipeline and tidal flow, etc. However,
Neptune Oceanographics have recently developed their family of
‘Long Ranger’ leak detection systems that detect tracer dyes
remotely thus eliminating this problem.
The ‘Long Ranger’ sensors have forward facing ‘tuned’ light
sources (like torches – see background photo) producing beams
of excitation light. Fluorescent light generated in any leaked fluid
is detected by the sensor. By mounting the sensor on the ROV
manip and because the sensors have high spatial coverage,
quick & easy scanning for leaks is achieved without needing to
consider tidal flow direction to ‘capture’ dye.
The latest version of Neptune’s ‘Long Ranger’ leak detection
sensors have the potential to detect leaking fluorescent dyes and
crude oil etc. at distances of up to 20m. Other significant
advantages of the ‘Long Ranger’ include the detection of leaks
from risers while working at safe operating distances and
detecting leaks within confined structures such as manifolds
where ROV access is not possible or too hazardous.
Photo left: Long Ranger in action

Two blue excitation light

beams are visible.
Fluoresced light produced by
the dye shows as a green
cloud at the leak location.
Tracer dye is Fluorescein
Hydrophones

Hydrophones are effectively underwater microphones that ‘listen’

for ultrasound generated by leaking fluids under pressure. The
acoustic signals generated by a leak tend to be at frequencies
well above the audible range, i.e. above 20kHz, thus requiring
sophisticated sensors and software to reliably determine the
difference between leak generated and ambient ‘noise’. The
major problems with this method are the sounds caused by the
attendant (ROV) and other vessels in the vicinity.
Neptune Oceanographics have collaborated with the Aquatec to
develop an acoustic leak detection module to complement the
existing optical detection system. The module, which may be
diver-held or mounted in a manipulator, incorporates a
directional hydrophone . The system includes high pass filters to
remove the effects of ambient noise, including mechanical noise
from an ROV or support vessel. It has been tuned to cover the
range of frequencies known, through experimental verification, to
be emitted by high pressure leaks through small apertures.
The detected acoustic signals in the frequency band of interest
are amplified, digitised, and sent to the leak detection system
data logger via an umbilical, where acoustic intensity may be
displayed either alongside fluorometer readings in dual capacity
mode or as a single parameter. In common with the fluorometer
system, the sensitivity is controlled by the data logger to obtain
the maximum dynamic range.
Direct hydrocarbon leak detection.
Hydrocarbons in oil form such as crude oil can be detected using
Neptune’s ‘Long Ranger’ leak detector, however, a different
method is required for gas. A direct reading hydrocarbon sensor
has been added to the range of Neptune Oceanographic leak
detection systems. This sensor is essentially a methane detector
but it is equally a general hydrocarbon detector that will respond
to most hydrocarbons. The very high sensitivity of the sensor
also makes it ideal for the detection of gas seepage from the
seabed.
As subsea projects go deeper and deeper,
reliable, cost effective systems to identify leaks
become even more essential to the
oil & gas industry.
This photo highlights the
latest Norwegian project –
the Ormen Lange field.
The Ormen Lange field has been developed without using
conventional offshore platforms. Instead, 24 subsea wellheads in
four seabed templates on the ocean floor are connected directly
by two 30 inches (762 mm) pipelines to an onshore process
terminal at Nyhamna. After processing the gas is exported by the
world's longest subsea export pipeline - Langeled pipeline -
approximately 1,200 kilometres (746 mi) from Nyhamna to
Easington in England. The northern section of the export pipeline
will have a diameter of 42 inches (1,067 mm), and the section
from Sleipner to Easington will have a diameter of 44 inches
(1,118 mm). Production started in October 2007. The field will
produce 70 million cubic meter of natural gas per day. Gas from
Ormen Lange will be able to meet up to 20% of Britain’s gas
demand, for up to 40 years.
Direct Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG) detection.
A new addition to Neptune’s sub-sea leak detection capability is
a MEG (Mono ethylene glycol) sensor. This sensor detects leaks of
MEG from the subsea pipeline system without the need to add
tracer dye. By eliminating tracer dye, leak detection can be
achieved with no additional environmental downside.
Differential temperature measurements

Under some circumstances such as with water injection flow

lines, leaks can be identified using the temperature difference
between the surrounding seawater and the water leaking from
the flowline. The flowline water temperature is normally above
ambient seawater temperature due to the high pressure pumping
required. Neptune has developed a differential temperature
technique that can detect very small temperature changes. The
sensors comprise fast, high precision thermistors connected
through the Neptune leak detection system to ROV umbilical for
onboard display and recording.
The Dangers of Inadequate Pipeline
Monitoring
The United States military might be achieving some success in
the race to provide adequate environmental protection but that
certainly is not the case with many other countries. Myanma – or
Burma as most know the country – is reported to have more
leaks in its oil & gas sector and military fuel supply than the
region’s rivers can handle. This impoverished country is
controlled by the iron fist of a military regime. The generals do
not have an adequate monitoring program in force for their
pipeline network and so it comes as no surprise to find that just a
couple of weeks ago, one of their gas pipelines exploded and
burnt an entire town to the ground. What’s more, the
international community can’t inspect, advise or counter any
damage that is being done to local communities or the
environment – simply because those running the country are not
interested in outside assistance. God knows what North Korea is
up to and how badly their world is leaking above or below ground
and in their coastal subsea world.
Only One Survivor
Myanmar – Pollution flows into the rivers from
the many leaks in the country’s pipelines
Off south China's Hainan Province last week, five workers were
confirmed dead after having been trapped for more than 24
hours in a subsea pipeline that was flooded. Although servicemen
from China’s New People’s Army and rescuers made every effort
to save their lives, the tragedy had happened so fast that there
was little chance of a successful outcome. Seawater poured into
the pipeline of the sewage treatment plant and a deep shaft
connected to the pipeline at about 7:45 p.m. Six workers were
there at the time, but only one managed to escape, rescuers
said.
After a joint argumentation by officials, experts and divers from
the NPA, Haikou municipal government, Hainan Provincial Work
Safety Administration, China National Offshore Oil Corporation
and South China Sea Rescue Center, it was confirmed that the
five trapped workers ‘are all dead’.
“Rescuers continued to search for the bodies of the workers,
locate the leak in the pipeline and determine the cause of the
accident,” said Liao Qiang, head of the Hainan Provincial Work
Safety Administration “ but a more rigid monitoring program
could have averted the tragedy.”
The survivor, Gao Peizhi, told rescuers that he was in the pipeline
and 400 meters away from the shaft when it was flooded. He
heard a strange sound and immediately rushed to the shaft and
managed to escape. Gao met one of the trapped workers about
200 meters away from the shaft. Gao told him to run, but the
worker failed to escape. The five trapped workers were between
23 and 47 years old. They were from villages in Gaochun County,
eastern Jiangsu Province, rescuers said.
Li Quan, a designer of the pipeline and the shaft, said the shaft
was more than 20 meters deep and the pipeline connected to the
bottom of the shaft. The pipeline is 1.6 meters in diameter and
1,350 meters long.
Natural Causes?
In the Napo region of northeast Ecuador, the nation’s second
largest oil pipeline leaked tens of thousands of gallons of crude
oil. The pipepline company’s website described the leak as being
due to ‘natural causes’.
“American
environmental
scientist
Douglas
Beltman
witnessed the
amount of oil in
the Santa Rosa
river in the
area and was
quoted in a
Reuters update,
“The river was
completely
covered with oil
from bank to
bank.”

In Belize, further spills and leaking pipes have caused wide

spread damage to the environment. In some parts of the old
Soviet Union, corroded and leaking pipes (sub-sea and on land)
continue to spew a variety of toxic liquids onto the countryside or
into the sea. Many of these leaks are associated with the oil &
gas or chemical industries but many are also to be found on
military establishments that have either been closed, abandoned
or if still active as a base – poorly maintained.

The photo of the diver (left) clearly demonstrates that although

leaks can often be hard to find – the oil will always find you.

‘Not Us Skipper’
In many ports, pipelines on
jetties and pipelines running
across the harbour floor often
suffer leaks. If it’s not the
pipes that leak; the pollution
is discharged from ships. In
fact, as a navy captain, I’ve
been in many ports over the
years from the Philippines to
Argentina, China to Pakistan
and the one thing that a
captain notices in port is the
volume & thickness of that shiny film suddenly appearing on the
surface or the frequency of those black congealed lumps that bob
up and down - clearly indicating a leak of diesel or oil has taken
place somewhere. It’s then, that you frantically check all of your
own discharge outlets and have the engineer run around
examining each and every valve on the ship. The phrase ‘Not Us
Skipper’ does have a certain reassurance.
Military Accidents
They still have ‘accidents’ in the U.S. Navy & with other navies’
nuclear ships and submarines: usually the result of a crew
member’s mistake – less frequently a mechanical or system
failure. In recent months, both U.S Navy & Royal Navy nuclear
submarines have accidentally discharged radioactive water into
home ports. These type of incidents do nothing to advance
positive interaction between defense & community.
Nuclear submarines have accidentally discharged radioactive
coolant water into home ports.

The United States Air Force has also recorded a number of

‘incidents’. A couple of months ago, a pipeline in the U.S.
carrying aviation fuel to an air force base suffered a slow leak
(just at the point where pipes crossed a small river bed) and that
went un-noticed for months. Another jet fuel leak was discovered
a few weeks ago coming from an Air Force-owned pipeline near
Travis Air Force Base, Calif., base officials said. Local contractors
working off base discovered the leak at about noon and notified
base authorities. A base spokeswoman confirmed the following
day that the 8-inch-diameter pipeline was no longer leaking fuel.
Base, local, county and state officials are working to discover the
cause of the leak and to prevent any environmental damage. “It
didn’t pose a threat to any local residents or the environment,”
the spokeswoman said.

The leak was found at about noon Tuesday near the intersection
of Highway 12 and Lawler Ranch Road in Suisun City, Calif. The
low-pressure pipeline, owned by Travis, delivers JP8 fuel to the
base. The incident remains under investigation, and it not know
how much fuel was lost.

The Russian Navy have just suffered problems (more to add to

the long list) off the coast of Ireland causing a major spill. Sunken
ships are also a threat: having gone down with full fuel tanks or
cargo that is just as dangerous to marine life. The majority of
ship’s captains however are very focussed on the protection of
the environment and heavy fines are imposed on those who are
not.

Neptune Oceanograhics are able to provide advice and

assistance to any military or civil authority’s Marine Accident
Investigation department. Their detailed examination of wrecks
or damaged sub-sea infrastructure can confirm not only the
current status on site but identify possible unseen future on-site
problems that might ‘surface’.

The Backbone of Civil & Industrial

Operations
A complex challenge faced by Middle East utilities lies in
eliminating and preventing leakages in pipeline networks, which
have been causing losses of millions of dollars that have started
surfacing only recently. Most common cases of leakages are
being reported in municipal water distribution pipelines - the
backbone of civic and industrial operations in a harsh desert
environment, especially in the hot summer months.
In the UAE, Al Ain Municipality is losing up to 30% of the water in
its 3,000 km irrigation network. Dubai Electricity & Water
Authority (DEWA) has reported about 10% leakage in its existing
pipeline network, while District Cooling Systems at the Dubai
Festival City, which use underground piping for chilled water circulation - are facing leakages in a
brand new network! Industry experts say leakages in
refrigeration and water lines in the domestic environment are
very common. Pipe pieces come in 6 m-10 m lengths and joints
are potential leak locations.
All pipelines, sooner or later, suffer leakages but this could be
prevented by using reliable techniques and technologies capable
of identifying and repairing them. Old cross-country or sub-sea
pipelines older than 30 years often suffer leakages, even though
they are designed for a life span of about 50 years. Corrosion is a
major challenge. Newly laid pipelines could also leak if not
properly routed and laid. In a desert environment, if the bed for a
pipeline is not properly prepared and the sand shifts, the pipeline
could sag under its own weight and develop leakages at joints.
With sub-sea pipelines, earthquakes and tremors, tides and fast
flowing currents can all dislodge a system.

Without a reliable water supply,

Dubai’s new Burj Al Arab hotel
would soon close. Leaking pipes in
the UAE pose considerable problems.

"Pipelines that are laid at room

temperature expand or contract at
operating temperature. For example,
chilled water pipelines will contract a
little when they carry water at 4C. If
the layout has not been proper, the
joints get stretched and could cause
leakage. District cooling system
pipelines are very prone to failure. It
is difficult to quote percentages,"
says G. Ramakrishnan, managing director of Dubai-based
Pinnacle Knowledge Group.
The leakages at the chilled water pipeline at Dubai Festival City
were not detected by the copper wire leak detection system in
place.
The subsea pipeline system
of Dubai Petroleum
apparently also develops
leaks and divers have to be
sent down on a regular basis
to locate and fix them.

Photo right: The UAE relies

on oil to finance its entire re-
development. Subsea pipes
must be ‘leak free’ but
achieving that status can sometimes be difficult and expensive to
achieve.

“The complex nature of pipeline operations makes it difficult to

ascertain the success rate of existing pipeline leak detection
technologies available in the regional and global markets.
Success is a matter of chance. Spurious alarms and inaccuracies
in predicting leak locations have ruined the reputation of some
leak detection systems. Ferrous pipelines are more prone to
leakage over a period of time. This is because corrosion is not
uniform across the pipeline length and depends heavily on how
effectively the cathodic protection (CP) systems have been
monitored and worked," says Ramakrishnan.
Leaks & Terrorism
Whilst on the subject of the Middle East, senior analysts from
different defense departments, security agencies and the oil &
gas sector have come to realise that the threat of ‘environmental
war’ is only too real. Sadam set fire to oilfields in order that his
enemy’s economy would suffer and the resulting chaos and
pollution caused would hinder those forces sent against him. The
Ukraine has often rattled Russia by cutting oil pipeline supplies or
by threatening to do so. In our world of terrorism, extremism,
threat and counter-threat, the military must be in a position to
protect sensitive installations, land based pipelines and those
subsea. With the latter, diver detection devices and systems are
being urgently deployed across the USA and in Europe to counter
any underwater threat. Security agencies are well aware that
terrorist groups have taken a great interest in scuba, the
operation of small, fast inflatable boats and the whole idea of
carrying out attacks from the sea and under the sea.

Kuwait oil fields on fire.

If a sub-sea oil, gas, fuel or even water or waste pipeline could be

sabotaged, it would be a public relations coup to any terrorist
organization. A few loosened bolts or a small underwater
explosive charge could cause havoc. It’s understandable that
reliable & cost effective leak detection systems have now
become of great interest to the military for security reasons. If an
incident takes place, the authorities in question must have the
ability of rapid response and the equipment to detect, locate and
repair the problem.
A Very Special Pipeline

Guarding pipelines against terrorism has taken on a new urgency.

However, I’m told by ‘un-named’ sources within NATO that there
is a waiting list to volunteer to protect one particular pipeline in
Germany. Troops are signing up left, right and center for the duty.

For bars in the Veltins-Arena,

a major football ground in
Gelsenkirchen, Germany, are
interconnected by a 5 km
long beer pipeline. It is the
favorite method for
distributing beer in such
large stadiums, because the
bars have to overcome big
differences between
demands during various
stages of a match; this
allows them to be supplied
by a central tank.

I understand U.S.
Navy divers are now
investigating if there
is a sub-sea version
anywhere!
Veltins-Arena – top right.
Photo lower right:
U.S.Navy divers
NEPTUNE OCEANOGRAPHICS
LTD
Neptune Oceanographics was founded 1999 to provide
specialised oceanographic and environmental monitoring
services to the offshore oil and gas industry, dredging
contractors, coastal and ports and harbours authorities.
One of the company's main activities is the development of
techniques and provision of services that enable easy, efficient
and reliable detection of leaks from submarine pipeline
installations.
The company has recently teamed with Dynamic Positioning
Services Ltd of Aberdeen (sjohnstone@dynamic-positioning
.co.uk) who provide technical, engineering and personnel support
for Neptune's offshore operations worldwide.
Neptune Oceanographics associate companies include:
• Dynamic Positioning Services of Aberdeen
• Aquatec Electronics based in Hampshire
• Castrol Offshore, Swindon
The company is headed by Christopher Teal, Managing Director
and company owner who’s key experience includes:
• Over 30 years experience in marine and inland water
investigations throughout the world. Development of various
techniques for detection of leaks from submarine pipelines and
subsea installations using state of the art technology.
• Project management of many large scale oceanographic
and environmental investigations world-wide.
• Experience in irrigation, local water supply and soil
erosion investigations in developing countries for various
agencies such as The World Bank, UNESCO and ODA.
• Extensive experience in the development of measuring
techniques and instrumentation for the marine environment.
• Wide ranging experience in dredging research activities.
Click here to access Neptune Oceanographics contact data:
http://www.neptune.gb.com/contact.html
DIIA
http://www.diia.info CONTACT DATA
Email
Navy@DIIA.info Neptune Oceanographic Limited
Telephone
0044 (0)1369 810383
Sapharey House
Sturt Road
Charlbury, Oxon
OX7 3SX

Tel: +44 (0) 8453 707 177

Fax: +44 (0) 08704 581 979

email: info@neptune.gb.com

web: www.neptune.gb.com

DPS (Offshore Operations)

tel: +44 (0) 1224 226850

Fax: +44 (0) 1224 226851

IF YOU WISH TO VIEW AN EXTENDED VERSION email: info@dynamic-positioning.co.uk

OF THIS FEATURE WITH ACCESS TO HIGH web: www.dynamic-positioning.co.uk
RESOLUTION PHOTOS AND DIRECT LINKS TO
FUTHER SUBSEA DATA – Access
http://www.diia.info © DIIA 2009