ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

AROMATIC COMPOUND: IBUPROFEN LECTURER: NYI MEKAR PREPARED BY: Wan Nur Athirah bt Wan Mohammad Ghazali (260110123033) Nithya Dharshani A/P Mohenathas (260110123030) Nurul Emyleana Ansarudin (260110123029) Athirah Binti Bidin (260110123022)

Universitas Padjadjaran Faculty of Pharmacy 2013

IBUPROFEN

Figure 1: Molecule structure of ibuprofen Ibuprofen is a part of the propanoic acid group of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). It is not soluble in water but is soluble in ethanol and acetone. It is an aromatic compound that contains a benzene ring. In fact, in the upper right of the structure is a carboxylic, which is propanoic acid. It attached to the second carbon is a phenyl group that para to the propionic acid group and it is an isobutyl group from which the name of "Ibuprofen is derived. The compound is a small organic compound that composed of 13 carbon atoms, 18 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms. It forms a crystalline solid with a white or off-white colour at standard temperature and pressure. The drug was developed in the 1960s by the Boots Chemical Company, and it is marketed under a number of names. Motrin, Nurofen, and Advil are all forms of ibuprofen. Commonly, the drug is found on the shelf near aspirin, since the two products are used for similar conditions. The drug tends to be less hard on the digestive system than aspirin, so people with ulcers and other stomach conditions may prefer ibuprofen for relief of minor aches and pains.

Unlike a steroidal drug, ibuprofen can be safely used in the long term, as it does not carry as many harmful side effects as steroidal drugs do. When pain and inflammation are not severe, the drug can also be perfectly effective

USES OF DRUG IN PHARMACY: Ibuprofen is an effective analgesic (pain relieving) and anti -pyretic (fever reducing) pharmaceutical drug. It is proven to work quickly and effectively to relieve pain from almost anywhere in the body. Its most common use is as a reliever for fever symptoms, menstrual cramps, headaches, arthritis, and many other common pains. In clinical studies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, Ibuprofen tablets have been shown to be comparable to aspirin in controlling pain and inflammation and to be associated with a statistically significant reduction in the milder gastrointestinal side effects. Controlled studies have demonstrated that Ibuprofen tablets are a more effective analgesic than propoxyphene for the relief of episiotomy pain, pain following dental extraction procedures, and for the relief of the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. Not only that, in patients with primary dysmenorrhea, Ibuprofen tablets have been shown to reduce elevated levels of prostaglandin activity in the menstrual fluid and to reduce resting and active intrauterine pressure, as well as the frequency of uterine contractions. The probable mechanism of action is to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis rather than simply to provide analgesia.

It is generally available as an Over the Counter (OTC) drug, which means that anyone can just walk into a drug store and purchase it. Therefore, it is used daily by many people to get on with their lives without pain or aching. Ibuprofen is available over the counter and also in larger doses under prescription. From that matter, it can be risky, as there are dangers to excessive use of ibuprofen, and it is possible to be overdose on the drug which is potentially can causing severe health problems. However, when it is used safely, the drug can be a very effective and useful pain management tool. Pain, fever, and inflammation are promoted by the release in the body of chemicals called prostaglandins. Ibuprofen blocks the enzyme that makes prostaglandins (cyclooxygenase), resulting in lower levels of prostaglandins.

SIDE EFFECTS:

The most common side effects from ibuprofen are rash, ringing in the ears, headaches, dizziness, drowsiness, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, constipation and heartburn. NSAIDs reduce the ability of blood to clot and therefore increase bleeding after an injury. Furthermore, Ibuprofen may cause ulceration of the stomach or intestine, and the ulcers may bleed. Sometimes, ulceration can occur without abdominal pain, and black, tarry stools, weakness, and dizziness upon standing (orthostatic hypotension) due to bleeding may be the only signs of an ulcer. NSAIDs reduce the flow of blood to the kidneys and impair function of the kidneys. The impairment is most likely to occur in patients who already have impaired function of the kidney or congestive heart failure, and use of NSAIDs in these patients should be cautious. People who are allergic to other NSAIDs, including aspirin, should not use ibuprofen. Individuals with asthma are more likely to experience allergic reactions to ibuprofen and other NSAIDs. Fluid retention (oedema), blood clots, heart

attacks, hypertension and heart failure have also been associated with the use of NSAIDs. Reference: FDA Prescribing Information