LDD for Relational Database Management System

Author(s)

Khalid Kamal Hussain, Shinu

Thomas

Authorized by
Creation/Revision Date
Version

Srikantan Moorthy
Apr- 2008
4.0

INTERNAL

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Document Revision History

Document Revision History

Version
0.0

Date
May - 2004

Author(s)
Dharini Venkataraman

1.0

Jun - 2004

Dharini Venkataraman

2.0

Aug - 2005

Seema Acharya

3.0

Feb - 2007

Seema Acharya

Hanumesh VJ,
Sundar KS

4.0

Apr-2008

Khalid Kamal Hussain,

Shinu Thomas

Sundaresan Krishnan
Iyer

ER/CORP/CRS/DB07/0019

Reviewer(s)
Ram Prasad Patnaik,
Alok Tiwari
Ram Prasad Patnaik,
Alok Tiwari
Sundar KS

Version No.4.0

Comments
LDD prepared according to
CDM
Baseline version
LDD prepared according to
restructured syllabus of
RDBMS
LDD prepared according to
restructured syllabus of
RDBMS
LDD prepared according to
restructured syllabus of
RDBMS

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Table of Contents

Contents
Document Revision History ...................................................................... i
Contents............................................................................................. ii
LDD for Relational Database Management System ........................................ 1
1

Introduction ................................................................................... 1
1.1

Data processing ......................................................................... 1

1.2

The database technology ............................................................. 1

1.3

The data models ........................................................................ 1

ER Modeling ................................................................................... 1
2.1

ER Modeling basic concepts .......................................................... 1

2.2

ER modeling notations................................................................. 2

2.3

Case study-ER modeling ............................................................... 3

2.4

Logical database design ............................................................... 3

2.5

Relational database design ........................................................... 3

Normalization ................................................................................ 4
3.1

Well structured table .................................................................. 4

3.2

Insert, update and delete anomalies ............................................... 4

3.3

Normalization ........................................................................... 4

3.4

Functional dependency ............................................................... 4

3.5

Normal forms ............................................................................ 4

3.6

Case study- Normalization ............................................................ 4

SQL .............................................................................................. 4
4.1

DDL statements ......................................................................... 4

4.2

Concept of an index ................................................................... 4

4.3

DML statements ......................................................................... 4

4.4

Relational Algebra operations ....................................................... 5

4.5

Sub queries .............................................................................. 5

4.6

Views ...................................................................................... 5

4.7

DCL statements ......................................................................... 5

4.8

Embedded SQL .......................................................................... 5

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Table of Contents

OLTP ............................................................................................ 5
5.1

Basic concepts of transaction processing ......................................... 5

5.2

ACID properties of transaction ...................................................... 5

5.3

Serializability of transactions ........................................................ 6

5.4

Concurrency control ................................................................... 6

5.5

Recovery ................................................................................. 6

5.6

OLAP ...................................................................................... 6

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LDD for Relational Database Management System

LDD for Relational Database Management System

1 Introduction
1.1 Data processing
1.1.1 Data processing modes
1.1.2 Traditional method of storage

1.2 The database technology

1.2.1 The three layer architecture
1.2.2 Advantages of DBMS
1.2.3 Users of DBMS
1.2.4 Different database technologies

1.3 The data models

1.3.1 The hierarchical model
1.3.2 The network model
1.3.3 The relational model

2 ER Modeling
2.1 ER Modeling basic concepts
2.1.1 Entity type
2.1.1.1 Strong entity
2.1.1.2 Weak entity
2.1.1.3 Entity instance

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LDD for Relational Database Management System

2.1.2 Attributes
2.1.2.1 Key attribute
2.1.2.2 Simple attribute
2.1.2.3 Composite attribute
2.1.2.4 Stored attribute
2.1.2.5 Derived attribute
2.1.2.6 Single valued attribute
2.1.2.7 Multi-valued attribute

2.1.3 Relationship Type

2.1.3.1 Relationship instance
2.1.3.2 Degree of a relationship
2.1.3.3 Cardinality of a relationship
2.1.3.4 Relationship participation

2.2 ER modeling notations

2.2.1 Entity
2.2.1.1 Strong entity
2.2.1.2 Weak entity

2.2.2 Attribute
2.2.2.1 Key attribute
2.2.2.2 Multi valued attribute
2.2.2.3 Composite attribute

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LDD for Relational Database Management System

2.2.3 Relationship
2.2.3.1 Unary
2.2.3.2 Binary
2.2.3.3 Ternary
2.2.3.4 Role names
2.2.3.5 1:1 relationship
2.2.3.6 1:M relationship
2.2.3.7 N:M relationship
2.2.3.8 Relationship participation
2.2.3.9 Attributes of relationships

2.3 Case study-ER modeling

2.4 Logical database design
2.5 Relational database design
2.5.1 Conversion of strong entity types
2.5.2 Conversion of weak entity types
2.5.3 Conversion of relationships
2.5.3.1 Conversion of unary relationships
2.5.3.2 Conversion of binary relationships
2.5.3.3 Conversion of ternary relationships

2.5.4 Case study- deriving relational schema design from ER model

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LDD for Relational Database Management System

3 Normalization
3.1 Well structured table
3.2 Insert, update and delete anomalies
3.3 Normalization
3.4 Functional dependency
3.4.1 Full dependency
3.4.2 Partial dependency
3.4.3 Transitive dependency

3.5 Normal forms

3.5.1 First normal form (1NF)
3.5.2 Second normal form (2NF)
3.5.3 Third normal form (3NF)
3.5.4 Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF)

3.6 Case study- Normalization

4 SQL
4.1 DDL statements
4.2 Concept of an index
4.3 DML statements

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LDD for Relational Database Management System

4.4 Relational Algebra operations

4.4.1 Set operations
4.4.1.1 Union
4.4.1.2 Union all
4.4.1.3 Intersection
4.4.1.4 Minus

4.4.2 Cartesian product

4.4.3 Joins
4.4.3.1 Self join
4.4.3.2 Equi join
4.4.3.3 Outer join

4.5 Sub queries

4.5.1 Nested sub queries
4.5.2 Correlated sub queries

4.6 Views
4.7 DCL statements
4.8 Embedded SQL

5 OLTP
5.1 Basic concepts of transaction processing
5.2 ACID properties of transaction

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LDD for Relational Database Management System

5.3 Serializability of transactions

5.3.1 The lost update problem
5.3.2 The incorrect summary problem
5.3.3 The dirty read problem
5.3.4 The phantom record problem

5.4 Concurrency control

5.4.1 Locking
5.4.1.1 Shared locks
5.4.1.2 Exclusive locks
5.4.1.3 Intent locks
5.4.1.4 SIX locks

5.4.2 Time stamping

5.5 Recovery
5.5.1 Log based recovery
5.5.1.1 Immediate update
5.5.1.2 Deferred update

5.6 OLAP
5.6.1 Comparison between OLTP and OLAP
5.6.2 Data warehouse and data mart
5.6.3 Dimensional modeling
5.6.3.1 Facts and dimensions tables
5.6.3.2 Star and Snowflake schema

5.6.4 Comparison between data warehouse and data mart

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