ecolex2ke សទ្ទានុក្រមសេដ្ឋកិច្ច

PaKTI 2
Exµr-Gg;eKøs
Part Two: Khmer – English
sTÞanuRkmesdækic© PaKTI 2
k
v. write down
kt;sMKal;/ KYr[ noticeable, karERbRbYl ~
noticeable change
kk/ bgák freeze, bgákebovtSr_ ¬min[cuHeLIg¦ ktikasBaØa ¬kic©RBmeRBogCapøÚvkar¦ pact
wage freeze
kkkuj/ PaB bottleneck ktþa factor
kk; v. deposit ktþacMNUlbzm primary factor income
kk;/ R)ak; n. deposit, ~ mun advance deposit ktþaeFVIeGaymansßirPaBCasV½yRbvtþi built-in
stabilisers
kekIt/ kar inception ktþabMElgsþg;dar standard-conversion
kgVl; n. concern factor (SCF)
kgVH n. lack, ~ tulüPaB lack of balance, ktþaplTunbreTssuT§ net foreign factor
~ TMnukcitþ lack of confidence
income (NFFI)
ktþaplitkmµbzm primary factor of
kgVH n. shortage, ~ TMgn; shortage in weight production
kgVH ¬]> fvika¦ shortfall ktþarUbvnþ physical factor
kgVHxat n. shortcoming ( characteristics/ ktþþatMél factor cost, ~ bzm primary
quality of sth or s.o) factor cost
kBa©b;fvika package budget k®nþkTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer basket
kBa©b;ebovtSr_ ¬ebovtSr_ nigR)ak;]btßmÖepSg² kEnøg place
sMrab;kargarGVImYy¦ pay/salary package kEnøg ¬eFVIkar¦ TMenr vacancy
kBa©b;ExSTsSnkic© package tour kEnøglk;ecj outlet
kBa©úM cluster, smasFaturYmCa ~ cluster of kmµkr worker, workman
elements
kmµkrkMBg;Ep docker, stevedore
kNþal adj. central, FnaKar ~ central bank
kmµnþsal manufacture, TMnij ~
kt;Rta n. record manufactured goods
kt;Rta/ Edlmin)an unrecorded kmµnþsalkmµ manufacturing
kt;Rtaxag\NTan v. credit kmµvtßú n. objective
kt;Rtaxag\NBn§ v. debit kmµvFi CI nM yY breTs foreign-aid programme
kt;RtabBaúH© tMélRTBüskmµ ¬kñúgbBa¢IKNenyü¦
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Economic Lexicon Part 2 sTÞanuRkmesdækic© PaKTI 2
kmµviFIneya)ay ¬rbs;KNbkS¦ political nigensaT Ministry of Agriculture
platform, platform Forestry and Fisheries
kmµviFIbBaÄb;BlkredaykgVHkargar ksikmµRKan;EtmYyrs; ¬m> CIvRBwtþi/ ksikmµ¦
redundancy programme subsistence agriculture
kmµviFIskmµPaB programme of action ksidæan farm, brikçar ~ farm equipment
kmµviFI\NTanpÞal; direct-lending schemes ksipl rW plitplksikmµ agricultural
kmµvi)ak ¬m> TNÐkmµ¦ sanction product
kmµvis½yPaB objectivity ksi-BaNiC¢kmµ agribusiness

kmµsikSakarI trainee or intern (US) ksi-]sSahkmµ agro-industry
kmµsiTæi ownership kaksMNl; waste, ~ rav liquid waste, ~ rwg
solid waste
kmµsiT§i/ kar)anmkCa acquisition katBVkic© obligation, man ~ to have the
kmµsiT§ikr rW m©as; owner, proprietor (of a obligation, Ca ~ obligatory
house, business...)
kmµsiT§iKµankalkMNt; freehold property katBVkic©/ Ca compulsory, karRtYtBinitü ~
compulsory inspection
kmµsiT§idIFøI land ownership kat;kg v. deduct
kmµsiT§ibBaØa intellectual property kat;kgecj/ Gac adj. deductible, ~ BIcMnUl
kmµsiT§iRsbc,ab; legal ownership Cab;Bn§ tax deductible
krNIKµanlT§PaBsg event of default kat;Kña v. intersect (graph lines)
krNIbnÞan;/ kñúg in case of emergency kat;ecj ¬CakarBin½y¦ forfeit
krNIyutþisaRsþ n. ¬tulakar¦ precedent kat;éfømin)an adj. invaluable
ksag/ CalkçN³ constructive, karTieton ~ kat;bnßy/ kar reduction, curtailment,
constructive criticism
~ fvika budget reduction, ~ PaBRkIRk
ksageKalneya)ay/ kar policy formulation poverty reduction
ksagCasßab½n v. institutionalise kat;bnßycMnay/ kar expense reduction,
ksag¼eFVI BiesssMrab;GtifiCnNamñak; retrenchment
custom-built/made kat;sg/ Bn§Ky duty drawback
ksikmµ agriculture, RksYg ~ rukçaRbmaj; katalIkr catalyst, tYnaTICa ~ catalyst role
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kataLúk ¬esovePA¦ catalogue time work
kan;/ Gñk holder, ~ mUlb,Tanb½Rt holder kargareCIgsar brokerage

of a cheque kargareRbIxYrk,al ¬EdlRtUvriHKit¦ mental job
kan;kab;/ kar possession kargareBjem:ag full-time work
kargarmineBjem:ag part-time work
kan;kab;/ kar ¬]> cUleTArs;enAelIdILÚt_¦ kargarl¥itel¥ac odd job
occupation
kan;kab;CakarepJITuk hold in trust karedaHRsay resolution, ~ TMnas; conflict
resolution
kan;kab;dI/ kar land tenure karEtl cartel
kan;kab;tMENg/ ry³eBl tenure karbdiesFc,ab;rdæ civil disobedience
kan;kab;RtwmRtUv/ Gñk holder in due course karR)ak; interest, ~ smas compound
kan;kab;EfTaM/ Gñk caretaker (of a motor interest, ~ x<s;¼Tab high/low interest,
vehicle)
kan;kab;bBa¢IKNenyü v. maintain ~ samBaØ simple interest, kalKit ~
accounting book interest period, GRta ~ interest rate
kan;criya v. behave karR)ak;)anKitbEnßm accrued interest
kan;bBa¢I/ Gñk bookkeeper karR)ak;mkTl;bc©úb,nñ interest to date
kan;Baküsnüa v. abide by a promise karR)ak;minTan;sg back interest
kab;eQI/ kar logging, ~ xusc,ab; illegal karR)ak;viC¢man positive interest (interest
logging rate higher than inflation rate)
kayvikar gesture karR)ak;GviC¢man ¬GRtakarR)ak;TabCagGRta
kargar work GtiprNa¦ negative interest
kargar ¬eTogTat;manR)ak;kMér¦ employment karBar/ kic©¼kar- protection, ~ brisßan
kargar/ eQµaH job title environment protection
kargarkñúgkariyal½y office job, white- karBarkarxatbg; ¬EdlRtUv)an¦ hedged
collar job karsikSakrNI ¬b¤krNIsikSa¦ case study
kargarRkdassñam paperwork kariybriecäT financial year
kargarKitem:ag ¬TUTat;kMértamcMnYn em:ag/ éf¶¦ kariybriecäT ¬sareBIBn§/ hirBaØvtßú>>>¦ year
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(fiscal, financial...) kalviPaK schedule/timetable
kariyaFibetyü bureaucracy, red tape, kalviPaKfµI/ eFVI reschedule (loan)
officialdom
kariyal½y bureau, ~ kargar employment kalaTikrN_sniTanIy_ ¬m> rMMBwgsmehtupl/kar¦
bureau GñkeFVIkar ~ bureaucrat kalanuvtþiPaB opportunity
kariyal½yKNenyü accounting office kalikb½Rt ¬TsSnavdþI/ RBwtþib½Rt>>>¦ periodical
kariyal½ycuHeQµaHGñke)aHeqñat voter kic©karCMnYj transaction
registration station kic©RBmeRBogepÞrkic©snüa ¬[PaKITI3¦
kariyal½ytMNagRbcaMRbeTs novation
country-representative office kicR© BmeRBogTUeTAsþIBItaragBn§Ky nigBaNiC¢kmµ
kariyal½yFM head office ¬hÁat;¦ GATT (General Agreement on
kariyal½ye)aHeqñat polling station Tariffs and Trade)
kariyal½ybþÚrR)ak; exchange office kics© nüa contract, ~ lk;¼kargar contract of
kariyal½ypþlB; t½ m’ anBIkti niþ am ¬énshRKas>>>¦ sale/work, buKÁlikrdæCab; ~ contract public
credit bureau employee, Cab;¼eRkam ~ adj. under
kariyal½yrkkargareGayeFIV employment contract, cuH ~ v. contract, GñkcuHkic©snüa
agency contractor
kariyal½yrab;snøwkeqñat vote-counting kic©snüa/ c,ab;én law of contract
station
kic©snüaCalaylkçN_GkSr deed
kariyaelxanukar ¬m> kariyal½y/ GñkeFVIkar¦
bureaucrat
kic©snüaCYlTijpþac; ¬rW kic©snüaTijbNþak;¦
hire-purchase agreement
kal kMNt;¼bBaØtþi specified period
kic©snüaTij-lk; bargain and sale
kalkMNt; deadline
kic©snüabnþ/ cuH subcontract, Gñk ~
kalkMNt; time, rUbiyaNtþiman ~ time draft subcontractor
kalkMNt;RbKl;TMnij time limit for delivery kic©snüaEbgEckplitkmµ production-
kalbriecäT date sharing contract (PSC)
kalbriecäTGnaKt/ cuH v. post-date kic©snüamankalkMNt; terminal contract
kalvsan maturity kic©snüalk; ¬TMnij¦ sale contract
kic©snüashRbtibtþikarBaNiC¢kmµ business
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cooperation contract (BCC) ekItdMNalKña/ kar ¬RBwtþikarN_¦ concurrence
kic©snüaesva service contract ekItman/ kar incidence
kic©snüaesarkñúgéd turnkey contract ekIn v. increase, rise
kitþinam reputation, credibility ekInCadMNak;²/ Edl incremental
kitþisBÞ good reputation ekInmYyCabI v. treble
kitüanuPaB prestige ekInmYyCaBIr v. double
kinRsUv/ kar paddy husking ekIneLIg v. gain
kiriyamayaT conduct ekogKr v. lobby
kugtWn½r container ekobsgát; v. exert pressure
kugsg;s‘us consensus ekgRbv½Ba©/ kar embezzlement
kugs½rsüÚm consortium ekgRbv½Ba©RTBüsm,tþisaFarN³/ kar
kugsuI ¬bBa©aM¦ pawnbroker misappropriation of public funds
kub,kmµ n. riot, eFVI ~ v. riot ekNÐRbmUl v. mobilise
kumµúynisþ communist ekNÐRbmUlR)ak;snSMÉkCn/ kar
kulalPaCn_ ceramics, plitpl ~ ceramic mobilisation of private savings
product ekrþ×eQµaH reputation
kusl merit , good deed ekrþ×eQµaHCMnYj n. goodwill
kuslkic© good deed, charity ekrþ×mrtk heritage, patrimony
kUd/ elxkUd code, kardak;elx ~ coding, kar ekrþ×xagRsI dowry
bkRsay ~ ¬ERbCaPasaFmµtavij¦ decoding Ek/ kar ¬Bakü¼elx¼bBa¢IKNenyü>>>edaykar
kUdkmµ strike ekaslub rW karsresrRtYt>>>¦ alteration
kUta quota, karkMNt; ~ fixing of quotas Ekécñ/ kar ¬plitpl¦ processing, viBaØabnb½Rt
kUtanaMcUl import quota bBa¢ak;BIkEnøgEkécñ certificate of processing
kUnbMNulGuIb:UEtk mortgagor/ mortgager EkécññeLIgvij/ kar recycling
kUnesovePApSBVpSay brochure EktMrUv v. adjust, KNnI ~ adjustment
kUr:um quorum account, ktþa ~ adjustment factor (AF),
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tMél ~ adjustment value, elxna ~ kMNt; v. determine, fix, specify
adjusting entries (accounting) kMNt;/ naéf¶Edl)an on appointed days
EktMrUv/ kar rectification kMNt;kUta/ kar fixing of quotas
EkTMrg; v. reform kMNt;Rta n. record
EkERbdIFøIeLIgvij/ kar land restructuring kMNt;éfø¼éføkMNt; CarUbiyvtßúkñúgRsuk v. & n.
EklMG/ kar improvement quote in local currency
EksMrYl adj. revised, Epnkar ~ revised plan kMNt;TUeTA general points (in text of law)
ekaslvic½y expertise, valuation kMNt;RbePTTMnij/ kar categorisation of
ekasikasnþiPaBeGaypSarP©ab;Kñal¥/ BRgwg goods
strengthen the fabric of peace kMNt;Bn§/ Gñk assessor of taxes
kMcIKµankalkMNt; ¬eBlTarRtUvsg¦ demand kMNt;RBMRbTl;/ kar demarcation (boundary)
loan kMNt;sMKal; note
kMcIKµanvtßúFana fiduciary loan kMNt;sMGag ¬Fanar:ab;rg¦ cover note
kMc¼I R)ak;kcM I loan, ~ pøas;pÞHfµI bridging loan, (insurance)
~ karR)ak;Tab soft loan, ~ KµankarFana kMNay n. excavation
unsecured loan, ~ KµankalkMNt; loan at kMeNIt/ GRta birth rate
call (pay back when required), ~ )anebIk kMeNIn growth, increase, rise, gain,
pþl; loan disbursed GRta ~ growth rate
kMcIEdlm©as;bMNulGacTarykvij)anPøam kMeNInkartantwg ¬TMnas;¦ escalation
money at call kMeNIntamfñak;/ GRtaBn§ progessive tax rate
kMcIenACMBak; outstanding loan kMeNInRbCaCnkMritsUnü zero population
kMcIpÞal;xøÜn personal loan growth (ZPG)
kMcIBi)akTar non-performing loan kMENtMrUv adjustment
kMcImankarR)ak;efreTArksuI/ kareRbI leverage kMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ structural adjustment,
kMcImankarR)ak;Tab/ kMcIKµankarR)ak; soft loan kMcIsMrab; ~ structural adjustment loan
kMcImanrbs;bBa©aM collateral loan kMENTMrg; n. reform, ~ dIFøI land reform,
kMcIsMrab;sg;¼TijpÞH housing loans ~ RbB½n§yutþiFm’ judicial reform, ~ Bn§dar
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fiscal reform, ~ vis½yensaT nigClpl
fisheries reform kMritRBMEdn/ dak; v. limit, kar ~ limitation
kMENERb modification kMritmUldæan local/grassroots level
kMBg;EppÞúkTMnij port of loading/shipment kMritmUldæanénkareRbIR)as; base level of
kMBg;EpBaNiC¢kmµ commercial port consumption
kMBg;EpsmuRT seaport kMrityl;dwg level of understanding,

cognitive level
kMBugcab;kMeNIt nascent, esdækic© ~ nascent kMritel¥óg margin of error
economy
kMBugdMeNIrkar/ skmµPaB ongoing activity kMér earnings, ~ rk)an earned fees
kMBugplit ¬xÞg;KNnIsMrab;kt;RtaRTBükMBug kMér fee, ~ GaCJab½NÑ licence fee
plit¦ work in progress (WIP) kMéreCIgsar brokerage
kMBüÚT½rFuntUc minicomputer kMéreCIgsarFanakarTUTat; del credere
commission
kMr/ PaB scarcity kMérykelIs ¬elIskMritsmrmü¦ overcharge
kMrgr)aykarN_ series of reports kMéresva service fees
kMrit level, dose, margin, eRcIn ~ multi- kMéreCIgsar commission, karlk;yk ~
commission sale
level, ~ eGayx©IR)ak; margin of lending,
kMéreCIgsar/ yk v. charge a commission
~ R)ak;cMeNj margin of profit, ~ suvtßiPaB
kMlaMg force, power, ~ TIpSar market forces
safety margin, ~ GPivDÆn_ level of
kMlaMgpÞal;xøÜn/ eday adj. unaided
development
kMriteKal benchmark kMlaMgBlkmµ labour force, workforce,
force
kMritcab;ERbRbYl ¬m> kaMQancUl¦ threshold kMlaMgrujRcan momentum
kMritCIvPaB standard of living, living kMsanþ ¬esva¦ recreation (service)
standard
kMritCMnaj qualification kMsanþ/ kar entertainment, mNÐl ~
entertainment centre
kMritTMenarénkareRbIR)as;bEnßm marginal kMhat loss, ~ Cak;Esþgsrub actual total
propensity to consume
loss, ~ srubsuT§ absolute total loss
kMritTMenarénkarsnSMbEnßm marginal
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kMhateFVIGaCIvkmµ ¬eBlR)ak;cMNUl)anticCag Rkb frame
R)ak;cMNayecj¦ trading losses Rkbx½NÐ cadre, ~ m®nþIraCkar public cadre, ~
kMhab;énsarFatu/ kMrit concentration level Pñak;garrdæ)al cadre of administrative agent
of a substance Rkbx½NÐ framework, frame, ~ c,ab; legal
kMhit n. constraint framework, ~ eBlevla timeframe
kMhit/ kardak;kMhit restriction,~ én\NTan Rkm code, ~ BaNiC¢kmµ commercial code
credit restrictions
kMhti / dak; v. restrict, ~ elI\NTan restrict RkmsIlFm’ code of conduct/ethics
credit RkLabBa¢I court clerks
kMhusqÁg malpractice RkeLkemIleTAGtItkal/ kar retrospection
kaMQancUl n. threshold RkahVik graphic
ekaHsakSI v. ¬tulakar¦ subpoena RkIRk/ PaB poverty, karkat;bnßy ~ poverty
kñúgtMENg in post reduction, bnÞat;RkIRk ~ poverty line
kñúgrgVg;kBa©úM intra-cluster Rkwtü decree
kñúgRsuk domestic, RTBüskmµ ~ domestic Rkumkargar working group, task force
assets (bank), \NTan ~ domestic RkumKMrUtag sample group
credit, tMrUvkar¼karpÁt;pÁg; ~ domestic RkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg board of management
demand/supply
RkumRbwkSaFmµnuBaØ Constitutional Council
kñúgRsuk ¬m> mUldæan¦ local
RkumRbwkSaPi)al board of directors
k,ac; n. ¬]bkrN_buraNsMrab;Kitelx¦ abacus
RkumRbwkSaPi)alRbtisiT§iCn trusteeship
k,aldI ¬m> dILÚt_¦ plot council
k,alma:sIunkMeNInesdækic© engine of RkumRbwkSavin½y ¬GñksMercdak;vin½yelIbuKÁlik¦
economic growth disciplinary council
RkdasR)ak; ¬luyRkdas¦ bank note, RkumRbwkSavinieyaK board of investment
paper money (BOI)
RkdaseBIelo flimsy paper RkumRbwkSasnþisux Security Council (UN)
RkdassñamBaNiC¢kmµ commercial paper Rkumpþl;KMnit think-tank
RkNat; cloth, material RkumBhuCMnaj multi-disciplinary team
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Rkumh‘un company, ~ Gnamik joint stock Rkumh‘unrMlgCati transnational
company, ~ BaNiC¢kmµ trading company, corporation (TNC)
~ buRtsm<½næ affiliated or associated

Rkumh‘unsikSaKMeragbøg; architectural
company
company, ~ TTYlxusRtUvmanx½NÐsIma Rkumh‘unhUlDij holding company
limited liability company, ~ TTYlxus
Rkumh‘unnavacr shipping company
RtUvKµankMNt; unlimited company, ~ saxa Rkumh‘unGnamik ¬m> saCIvkmµ¦
subsidiary company
Rkumh‘nu ¬CanItibuKÁleBjelj¦ incorporated RkumGayu age group
company RkumGñkmanKMnitdUcKña like-minded groups
Rkumh‘un/ cUlCa incorporated eRkam/ xag downstream, plitpl ~ rW
Rkumh‘un/ c,ab; companies act plitplcugExS downstrem product
Rkumh‘uncUlpSarh‘un ¬KWmansnøwkh‘unlk;-Tij eRkam»vaT/ GgÁPaB subordinate entity
enApSarh‘un¦ listed/quoted company eRkamsþg;dar sub-standard
Rkumh‘unTTYlxusRtUvmankMrit limited eRkay/ Ca post, svnkmµ ~ post auditing
liability company eRkay/ tam following, qñaMeRkay rW qñaMbnÞab;
Rkumh‘unFanar:ab;rgedIm principal insurance following/next year
company eRkA/ ktþaxag rW plb:HBal;mkBIeRkA
Rkumh‘unbiTCit ¬Gñkkan;kab;PaKh‘unmanticnak; externalities
Nas;¦ close company eRkAksidæan/ kargar off-farm employment
Rkumh‘nu buRtsm<n½ § ¬Rkumh‘unemkþab;PaKh‘unticCag eRkARbB½n§ ¬rW eRkApøÚvkar¦/ vis½yesdækic©
50°¦ affiliated/associated company informal sector
Rkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;saFarN³ ¬Twk/ ePøIg>>>¦ utility køasuik/ TsSn³Ebb classical view

company køib club, ~ ]sSahkmµtMbn; regional
Rkumh‘unBhuplitpl conglomerate industry club
Rkumh‘unPaKh‘un public company or Ekøg/ kar forgery

public limited company (PLC) Ekøgkøay false
Rkumh‘unem parent company kS½yFn/ PaB bankruptcy, karrYcputBI ~
Rkumh‘unrYmPaKh‘un joint-stock company discharge in bankruptcy
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ekSRtviTU agronomist damage
ekSRtsaRsþ rW ekSRtviTüa agronomy xUcxat/ ¬R)ak;¦ sMNgcMeBaHkar damages

xUcKuNPaB/ kar ¬rbs;hUb¦ spoilage
x xUcRbeyaCn_/ kar detriment
xUcRbeyaCn_/ EdleFVIeGay detrimental
x ¬xTI1/ xTI2>>> ¦ clause xYb¼CMu¼vdþ cycle
xkxan fail, xkxanmin)anTak;Tg fail to xMRbwgxñHExñg/ kic© endeavour
contact x©I/ sMux©I v. borrow, karx©Ibul borrowings,
xkxan ¬min)aneFVI¦/ kar omission Gñk ~ borrower
xn§b,maNrUbiyvtßú ¬m> rUbiyvtßúTaMgGs;¦ x¢Ix¢a sloppy, kargar ~ sloppy work
monetary aggregate
xn§b,aT aggregation x¢Hx¢ay/ kar wastage
xageRkA exogenous, ktþaGviC¢man ~ negative ex©aH/ flaw, defect Edlman ~ flawed,
exogenous factors defective, faulty
xatbg;/ kar loss xÞg; item, ~ eRkAtaragtulükar off-balance
sheet items
xatbg;srub/ kar total loss, dead loss, xÞg;/ xÞg;bBaÄr ¬tarag¦ column
~ Cak;Esþg actual total loss
xÞg; ¬taragtulükar¦ heading
xanmin)an¼katBVkic© adj. compulsory, xñgTl;xñg back to back, \NTan ~ back
mandatory
to back credit
xitþb½NÑ ¬b½NÑeXasnapSBVpSayEckeGay xñat ¬]> EpnTI¦ scale
pÞal;éd¦ hand bill xñat ¬sMrab;vas;Evg¦ yardstick
xuTÞkal½y cabinet, ~ KN³rdæm®nþI political xñattUc small-scale
cabinet
xusc,ab; illegal, kic©snüa ~ illegal contract xñatmaRta dose
xusc,ab; illicit, Rsa ~ illicit alcohol xñatmas gold standard
xUcxat/ kar damage Exµrkat;cin Sino-Khmer
xUcxatedaysarTwksmuRT/ Edl sea-damaged xøwmsar content
xUcxatbgáeLIgedayectna/ kar wilful xøwmsar niglkçxNÐ énkic©snüa terms and
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conditions of a contract
xVH/ cMnYn shortfall
xVHxat/ karpÁt;pÁg;mankar deficient supply KN³kmµaFikarcMeBaHkic© ad hoc committee
xVHTMgn;/ PaB deficiency in weight KN³CMnajkar panel of experts
ExSekag curve, ~ cMNay expenditure KNna v. calculate, work out
curve, ~ eRbIR)as; consumption curve, KNnaxus miscalculate
~ pÁt;pÁg;srub aggregate supply curve KNnaéføedIm/ kar costing
ExSekaghVlI BI Phillips curve (relationship KNnaGtüaNU calculus
between rate of change of money wage
and rate of unemployment) KNnI account, ~ épÞkñúg domestic account,
ExScgVak; chain, ~ m:aXITIg¼TIpSar ~ )anEksMrYl account amended, ~ enAmin
marketing chain
ExSbeNþay/ mnÞIr line department Tan;sg outstanding account, ~ RtUvsg
ExSbBaÄr/ karR)aRs½yTak;Tgtam vertical account payable, ~ RtUvTar account
communication receivable, esovePA ~ account book,
ExSplitkmµ ¬tMelIgeRKOgcRk¦ assembly line m©as; ~ account holder, sMrab;EtsgcUl ~
ExSepþk¼ExSTTwg/ karsMrbsMrYltam account payee only
horizontal coordination KNnI mUlFn¼Tun capital account
exSay/ rUbiyvtßú weak/soft currency KNnIkan;kab;kñúgnambuKÁlmñak;eTot nominee
account
K KNnIcrnþ current account

KNnIcMNUl-cMNay income and expense
KgKña¼RtYtKña overlap accounts, income-outlay accounts,
appropriation accounts
KN³kmµkar commission KNnIcMruH sundry account
KN³kmµkaresIubGegát board of inquiry KNnIcMh ¬kt;RtakarTijeCOedayGñkTij
KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn_PUmi village Kµandak;vtßúFana¦ open account
development committee (VDC)
KN³kmµaFikar committee, ~ RtYtBinitü KNnIQb;eRbI rW KNnIgab; dead account
committee of inspection, ~ Gcié®nþy_ KNnIFnaKar bank account
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KNnIenAbreTs foreign accounts KNenyükic© accountancy
KNnIRbePTGkSr et T account KNenyüRKb;RKg managerial accounting
KNnIR)ak;tMkl;Fana deposit guaranty KNenyüCati national accounting
account KNenyübrisßan ecological accounting
KNnIpat;Tat; clearing account KNenyüPaB accountability, TamTar ~ BI
KNnIépÞeRkA external accounts demand accountibility from
KNnIrg subsidiary account KNenyüPaB/ Kµan adj. unaccountable
KNnIrg;caM suspense account KNenyürdæaPi)al nigKNenyüsßab½n
KNnIrYm ¬manm©as;KNnIBI 2nak;eLIgeTA¦ government and institutional accounting
joint account KNenyüsaFarN³ public accounting/
KNnIlT§pl profit and loss account accounts
KNnIGtifiCn ¬m> KNnIRtUvTar¦ trade KN³RbtiPU delegation

account receivable KN³emFavI bar association
KNnIeCO charge/credit account KN³rdæm®nþI Council of Ministers
KNenyü accounting (US), accountancy KtibNÐit/ Rbkbeday sound
(GB), bookeeping, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial Ktiyutþi ¬Rsbtamc,ab; nigrebobrbbén c,ab;¼
accounting, ~ Bn§dar tax accounting, tulakar¦ juridical, lixitsñam ~ legal
vdþ ~ accounting cycle, RKa ~ accounting document
period, bøg; ~ accounting plan, éfø ~

Ktiyutþi/ rUbPaB legal form
accounting price, RbB½n§ ~ accounting
Kn;KUr/ kar extrapolation
system, karviPaK ~ accounting analysis
Kn;KUrCamun/ kar projection
r)aykarN_ ~ accounting statement KnøgeRKaHfñak; precarious path
KNenyü éføedIm¼viPaK cost accounting KnøwH/ tYnaTI key role
KNenyükr accountant, ~ rdæTTYlsÁal; KnøwH/ sunÞrkfa keynote address
chartered accountant, certified public KmnaKmn_B½t’man communication of
accountant (US) information
KNenyükredImExS principal accountant Ky customs, Pñak;gar ~ customs agent,
(Ministry of Economy and Finance)
116
TIcat;karKynigrdæakr Customs Department, KYbpSM combine, ~ CamYyKñanUvBaNiC¢kmµ nig
buKÁl¼Rkumh‘un EdlnaMTMnijqøgkat; ~ customs karkMsanþ combine business and pleasure
broker KYr)anTTYl\NTan/ PaB credit worthiness
Kl;mUlb,TanbR½t cheque stub eKcBn§/ kar tax evasion
Kl;G½kS origin, zero point eKcUlcitþ ¬CagGVImYyeTot¦/ Edl preferential
KhbtI bourgeois, vNÑ³ ~ bourgeoisie or eKhkic©/ brikçar household equipment
middle class
Kab;CYn ¬Kña¦/ kar coincidence éKbnøM adj. fraudulent
Kahkniy½t holder in due course éKbnøM/ kar fraud
KitKUrbegáItfµI v. conceptualise eKal base, GRta ~ base rate
Kitdl;/ edaymin regardless eKal ¬R)ab;cMgay¦ milestone
KitbEnßm/ cMNUl)an accrued income eKal/ RKa¼ry³eBl reference period
KIb bale eKalkarN_ ¬kñúgRbkas¦ general (in a
Prakas)
KuNFm’ virtue eKalkarN_KNenyümankarTTYlsÁal;TUeTA
KuNPaB quality, grade, karEbgEck ~ generally accepted accounting
grading, ~ eBlpÞúk quality shipped or principle (GAAP)
shipped quality, viFIsaRsþ ¬viPaK¦ tamEbb

eKalkarN_ENnaM guideline
~ qualitative method (of analysis) eKalkarN_énPaBsuIKña matching concept/
KuNPaBx<s; ¬Er:¦ high grade (ore) convention
KuNvibtþi shortcoming, disadvantage eKalkarN_esµIPaB nigmanplRbeyaCn_eTAvij

KuNvibtþi flaw, Edlman ~ flawed eTAmk principle of equality and mutual
benefit
KuNvuDÆi ¬smtßPaBkñúgCMnaj¦ qualification eKalKMnit concept
KuNsm,tþixagCMnaj qualification eKal¼em/ EpnTI master map
KURbECg rival eKaledA purpose, goal
KUsbBa¢ak; v. emphasise eKaledA target, Rkum ~ target group,
KYkeC broker, middleman TIpSar ~ target market
KYkeCh‘un stockbroker
117
eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_ Millennium KMrUtagem master sample
Development Goals (MDGs) KMrUtagrg subsample
eKalneya)ay policy, Rkbx½NÐ ~ policy KMrUtagsV½yTMgn; self-weighting sample
framework
eKalneya)ayebIkTUlay open policy KMrUbgðaj specimen
eKalneya)ayrUbiyvtßúRbugRby½tñ prudent KMrUBIelImkeRkam top-down paradigm
monetary policy KMrUhtßelxa specimen signature
eKalneya)aysac;R)ak;gayRsYl easy KMerag project, karvaytMél ~ project
appraisal, karksag ~ project formulation,
money policy
KMnas; leverage
karGnuvtþn_ ~ project implementation,
KMnit idea
sMeNI ~ project proposal
KMnitécñRbDit creativity, creative thinking
KMeragkksÞH project indigestion
KMnitpþÜcepþIm initiative
KMeragbnÞab;bnSM marginal project
KMnitviPaK analytical thinking
KMeragsakl,g pilot project
KMnitevocevr bad faith
KMlat gap, deviation
KMnUrsßiti chart
KMlatmFüm ¬m> KMlatsþg;dar¦
KMnUstaglk; sale chart
KMlatsþgd; ar standard deviation (statistics)
KMrU model
KMehIj finding
KMrUtag sample, yk ~ v. sample, take a
KaMRT v. support, endorse, esvakmµ ~
sample, Rkum ~ sample group, karRsg; ~ support service
sample implementation, ~ Kg sample KaMRT/ bBa¢ak;KaMRT v. back up, bBa¢ak;KaMRT
overlap, karyk ~ sampling, kareRCIs ~ karGHGag back up a claim
sample selection, Gegát ~ sample survey, KaMRT/ Gñk backer
KMrUtagécdnü random sample, ~ KµankMNt; KaMRTxaghirBaØvtßú/ kar financial backing,
unrestricted random sample financial assistance
KMrUtagécdnüsamBaØ/ karyk simple KaMBar v. safeguard
random sampling
KµankargareFVIeBjelj adj. underemployed,
KMrUtagCMerOn census sample
118
Gñk ~ n. underemployed RKaeKal reference period
KµankareyaKyl;Biess/ karlk; arm’s RKwH foundation
length sale RKwH/ karRsavRCavCa fundamental research
KµanRcksmuRT/ RbeTs landlocked country RKwHsßan establishment
KµandI landless, PaB ~ landlessness RKwHsßan ¬CMnYj¦ business concern
KµaneRbIkar idle, Tun ~ idle capital RKwHsßanrdæ)alsaFarN³ public
KµanplitPaB/ RTBüskmµ unproductive adminstrative establishment
assets RKwHsßansaFarN³ public establishment
KµanélTukedayELk/ mUlniFi unearmarked RKwHsßanesvakmµEkécñ processing-type
fund
service establishment
KµanGVIKYrq¶l; unquestionable RKwHsßanGcié®nþy_ permanent establishment
RKbdNþb;/ kar¼TMhM coverage RKUeBTüCnbT barefoot doctor
RKbsgát; v. dominate RKYsar family, karensaTCalkçN³ ~ family
RKb;RKg v. manage, nayk ~ managing scale fishing
director RKYsar household, ~ RsþIemRKY female-headed
RKb;RKg/ kar management, karRtYtBinitükar household, ~ bursemRKY male-headed
~ management control
household
RKb;RKgeday bTbBa¢a¼bTb,BaØtþic,ab; v. RKYsaredIm original family
regulate
RKb;RKgedayxøÜnÉg/ kar self-managing eRKOgeRbIR)as; appliance
RKb;RKgmin)an/ cMNay uncontrollable eRKOgeqH fuel
expenses eRKOgbriePaK food items
RKb;RKgGsmtßPaB/ kar maladministration eRKOgbMBak; ¬TaMgGcl½t nigcl½t Edllk;eTA
RKb;RKan; enough CamYynwgpÞH¦ fixtures and fittings
RKb;RKan;/ PaBmin insufficiency, deficiency eRKOgbMBak;Cab; fixture
RKb;RCugeRCay adj. comprehensive, eRKOg]bePaK-briePaK ¬m> sMPar³pÁt;pÁg;¦ supply
karviPaK ~ comprehensive analysis eRKagkar scheme
RKa ¬KNenyü¦ period eRKageRcIndMNak; multi-stage frame
119
eRKagelImUldæantMbn; area-based frame
eRKagykKMrUtag sampling frame, ~ dMbUg g
primary-sampling frame (PSF) gakecj/ kar deviation
eRKaHfñak;/ EdlRbkbeday hazardous gayxUc perishable, TMnij ~ perishable
eRKaHfñak;enAeBlbMeBjkargar occupational goods
accident gayeCO/ PaB credulity
eRKaHFmµCati natural disaster gayrgeRKaH adj. vulnerable, Blkr ~
eRKaHGKIÁP½y fire risk vulnerable worker
KøInik clinic gayrgeRKaH/ PaB vulnerability
gayRsYl/ kar facility
X gar title
Xat;cab;Tuk/ kar ¬rfynþ/ TUk>>>¦
impoundment c
XubXitkMNt;éfø/ kar price fixing ckçúvis½y n. vision
eXasnaTak;TajkarKaMRT v. canvass cg v. bind
eXasnabBa©úHbBa©Úl v. lobby cgRkg v. compile
eXasnapSaylk;pÞal;/ kar ¬énbuKÁlmñak;¦ cgP¢ab;/ kar linkage
personal selling
Xñas; lever cg¥úlTis/ kar directive
XøatBIsPaBedIm/ kar aberration cenøaHCMerOn/ TsvtSr_ inter-censal decade
XøaMemIl v. monitor cenøaHeRCIs selection interval
XøaMg warehouse cenøaHRbehag loophole, ~ énBn§ tax loophole
XøaMg/ karTukdak;TMnijkñúg warehousing crca v. negotiate, kar ~ n. negotiation
XøaMg/ qµaM warehouseman crca)an/ Gac negotiable, éfø ~ negotiable
price
XøaMgsþúkTMnijRKb;RKgedayPñak;garKy crcaBIkartMelIgR)ak;QlÚñ rvag nieyaCit nig
bonded warehouse
nieyaCk/ kar (free) collective bargaining
crcaCa rYm¼smUhPaB/ kar collective
120
bargaining carxñgcMh blank endorsement
crnþkar/ eFVI ¬m> bc©úb,nñPaB/ eFVI¦ update carwk nominal, tMél ~ nominal value
crnþþ adj. current, cMNay ~ current carwkCaduløarGaemrik ¬]> mUlb,Tanb½Rt¦
expenditures
denominated in US$
cracr circulation, ~ Tun circulation of cas;TuM/ PaB maturity
capital, ~ TMnij circulation of goods
ciBa©wmCIvit/ karrk livelihood
cracr traffic, sNþab;Fñab; ~ traffic order ciBa©wmRtI/ kar pisciculture, fish culture,
crit character fish farming
clnvtßú movable (property) cIrPaB sustainability
clnaTun/ karepÞrTun capital movement cIrPaB/ man sustainable, ksikmµ ~
cak;Kr/ kar dumping sustainable agriculture, karGPivDÆn_ ~
sustainable development
cak;eLIgvij/ kar ¬ExSGat;>>>¦ playback cugeRkay last, ultimate, eKaledA ~ ultimate
(tape...) goal
caj;eRbob disadvantaged cugeRkay/ kareRbIR)as; final consumption
cat;Ecg v. organise, handle, manage, cugExS/ plitpl downstream product
dispose cugRKa/ sareBIP½NÐ ending inventory
cat;EcgTinñn½y/ kar data processing cugecaT defendant
cat;fñak; v. classify culøesdækic© ¬m> mIRkUesdækic©¦
cat;TukCaemaX³ v. invalidate cuHkalbriecäTGtItkal v. antedate
cab;eqñat v. draw lots cuHkalbriecäTGnaKtelImUlb,Tanb½Rt date a
cab;epþIm/ esah‘uy start-up cost cheque forward
cab;GarmµN_/ PaBmin insensitivity cuHkic©snüa ¬em:Akar[Gñk¦ xageRkA v.
cab;eGayTTYlxusRtUv v. hold responsible outsource
cay ¬R)ak;¦ spend, expend, lay out cuHKuNPaBdI/ kar land degradation
carxñg ¬Éksar¦ endorse v. cuHéf¶Ex/ Kµan undated
carxñg ¬Éksar¦/ Gñk endorser cuHéfø v. discount, lk; ~ sell at a dicount,
GRta ~ discount rate
121
cuHéfø v. lower the price, decrease in cuHhtßelxasegçb v. initial
price cUlCaRkumh‘un/ min unincorporated
cuHéfø/ kar ¬elITMnijminRtUv)a:n; rW karsgR)ak; cUlCaFrman v. come into effect/force
munéf¶kMNt;¦ rebate cUlCasmaCik/ kar accession
cuHéføtamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;/ karlk; cash cUléd/ kar complicity
discount
cuHéføeGaytamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;/ cMnYn cash cUlRbLÚk/ kar engagement
rebate cUlmunecjmun Fifo (first in, first out)
cuHTabbMput v. bottom out cUlrYm v. participate, kar ~ participation
cuHTidæakar ¬elIcMNay¦ rW GnuBaØatcMNay cUlrYm/ karGPivDÆn_edaymankar
authorise payment participatory development
cuHTinñanub,vtþi/ kar journalising cUlh‘un/ kar stake
cuHbBa¢I register, kar ~ registration, elx ~ cUleRkayecjmun ¬lIhVÚ ¦ Lifo (last in,
registration number, viBaØabnb½Rt ~ first out)
registration certificate ecosvagBn§/ kar tax avoidance
cuHbBa¢I/ Edlmin)an unregistered ecjcMNayCYs v. defray
cuHbBa¢Ika ¬m> cuHbBa¢I¦ v. register ecj¼ecjpSay v. issue, ecjGaCJab½NÑ
cuHbBa¢IKNenyü/ kar bookkeeping issue a licence
cuHbRBa©aselxna v. reverse an entry ectna intention
cuHbuerkalbriecäT v. ¬m> cuHkalbriecäT Eckcay/ kar distribution
GtItkal¦ antedate, backdate Eckdac;/ Edl ¬elx¦ divisible
cuHelxna enter an entry (journal) Eckbnþ v. ¬KNnI/ Rkum>>>¦ subdivide
cuHelxna v. post an item (ledger), ~ eTAkñúg EckrMElk v. share, ~ bTBiesaFn_ share
experiences
esovePAFM post an item to the ledger Ecg v. stipulate
cuHsMrugKña/ kareFVI[manPaB harmonisation EcgxagelI/ dUcman above-mentioned
cuHhtßelxaFanaelIvikáybRt v. back a bill Ecs ¬fµI/ s¥at¦ adj. immaculate
cuHhtßelxaBIeRkam/ Gñk undersigned n. écdnü adj. random, KMrUtag ~ random
122
sample, karRtYtemIl ~ random check ~ rMls;bMNul debt amortisation outlays
écdnünIykmµ randomisation cMNay/ smtulüminTan; unexpended
ecaTRbkan;edaymin)anbgðajPsþútag/ kar balance
allegation cMNayRKb;RKg)an controllable expenses
ecAhVay boss, EdlcUlcitþRtYtRtaeK bossy cMNaycuHeFVIkardl;kEnøg field expenditure
cMkar plantation, ~ ekAs‘U rubber plantation cMNayCamUlFn capital expense
cMNg/ CMnYyman tied aid cMNayCYs/ ecj v. defray
cMNgeCIg title, heading cMNaytaméf¶/ ¬R)ak;¦ per diem
cMNgTak;Tg link, linkage cMNayEfTaM maintenance expense,
cMNakRsuk migration upkeep expenses
cMNat;kar n. treatment cMNayTUeTA ¬cMNayeTogTat; nigsMxan;²Edl

cMNat;fñak; classification, eFVI ~ classify v. minTak;TgedaypÞal;nwgkarplit¦ overheads,
overhead charges
RbB½n§eFVI ~ system of classification cMNayTUeTA nigcMNayrdæ)al general and
cMNat;fñak; tMél¼KuNsm,tþi/ kareFVI rating administrative expenses
cMNat;fñak; ¬tamlMdab;¦/ eFVI v. rank cMNayRTRTg;karrs;enA cost of living
cMNat;fñak;kargar job ranking/grading cMNaybg;mun prepaid expense
cMNat;fñak;rg subclassification cMNaybEnßm additional expense, aftercost
cMNab;GarmµN_ impression, perception cMNay)anKitbEnßm accrued expense
cMNay expense, cost, ~ énkarRbmUl cMNayeRbIR)as; consumption
Tinñn½y cost of data collection expenditures
cMNayhYskMNt; overspending
cMNay v. expend, spend
cMNarxñg endorsement, ~ ÉksaredIm,I
cMNay n. expenditure, expense, ~ Ca
RbmUlR)ak; endorsement for collection,
mUlFn capital expenditure, ~ crnþ current
GñkmansiT§ieRbIR)as;lixitsñamtam ~ endorsee
expenditure, ~ rdæ)al admistrative
cMNuccUl entry point
expenses, ~ epSg² sundry expenses
cMNucecj exit point
cMNay n. outlays (financial),
123
cMNucedA target cMNUlCamUlFn capital revenue
cMNucENnaM guideline cMNUldul gross proceeds/receipts/returns
cMNucbt; ¬eBlEdlmankarpøas;bþÚr¦ turning cMNUlTTYlmun ¬KWRtUveyageTAbBa©Úlkñúg
point kariybriecäTeRkay²¦ deferred revenue or
cMNucRbsBV focal point unearned revenue
cMNucepþat n. focus cMNUlTab low-income, RKYsarman ~ low
cMNucminl¥ drawback income households
cMNucrYcedIm break-even point cMNUlenATMenrrbs;buKÁl rW cMNUlbuKÁl

cMNuH ¬vtßúpÞúk¦ capacity eRkaykat;Bn§ ¬]> R)ak;ExrebIkykeTApÞH)an¦
disposable personal income
cMNuH/ GgÁPaB subordinate entity cMNUlbuKlÁ / R)ak; personal income/revenue
cMNuHpÞúk loading capacity cMNUlBIkarlk; sale revenue/proceeds
cMNUl income, earnings, ~ eRkaykat;Bn§ cMNUlBIvinieyaK returns
after-tax income, ~ Cab;Bn§suT§ net taxable cMNUl\tRbkas undisclosed income
income, ~ pÞal;xøÜn personal income, cMNUlÉktabEnßm marginal revenue
~ eRkaykat;Bn§ disposable income, ~ eRkA cMeNj ¬CaR)ak;¦ v. gain
BIebovtSr_ private income, ~ )anTTYlmun cMeNj/ PaBman profitability
income collected in advance, ~ kñúgmnusS cMeNj rW R)ak;cMeNj profit
mñak; per capita income, ~ suT§ net income, cMeNj¼xat elIRkdas paper loss/profit
KNnI ~ income account, r)aykarN_ ~ cMeNjxat/ KNnI profit and loss account
income statement
cMNUl revenue, ~ crnþ current revenue, cMeNjxat/ r)aykarN_ rW r)aykarN_cMNUl
eKalneya)ayxag ~ revenue policy, cMNay/ profit and loss statement
~ TTYlmun unearned revenue,
cMeNjx<s;bMputminFøab;man record profits
cMNUleRkABIebovtSr_ private income cMeNjeRcIn healthy profit
cMNUlcitþ preference, taste cMeNjdul gross profit
cMNUlcMNay/ r)aykarN_ profit and loss cMeNjPøam²\trMBwgTuk winfall profit
statement cMeNjmunbg;Bn§ pre-tax profit
124
cMENk n. share c,ab;kic©snüa contract law
cMENkTIpSar market share/penetration c,ab;Rkumh‘un companies act
cMeNaténExSekag slope of a curve c,ab;edIm ¬snøwkedIm¦ original, vikáybRt ~
cMeNalRsuk/ Gñk ¬m> GaNikCn¦ expat original invoice
cMeNHeFVI know-how c,ab;TTYlsÁal;/ R)ak;Edl legal tender

cMnYnmux range, ~ plitpl product range c,ab;nItiviFI procedural law (French:
code de procédure)
cMbg adj. major, main c,ab;bEnßm ¬RbcaMtMbn;¦ by-laws
cMraj;/ Er: mineral concentrate c,ab;RbqaMgnwgRtwsþ anti-trust law
cMraj;eGaysuT§ v. purify c,ab;Blkmµ labour law
cMruH ¬shRKas/ KN³kmµaFikar>>>¦ joint c,ab;rdæb,evNI civil law
cMruHkmµ diversification c,ab;erobcMGgÁkar organic/organisational law
cMruH¼smasPaBesdækic©cMruH/ shRKas joint c,ab;sþIBIkarFanar:ab;rg insurance law
venture
cMruHGnþrRksYg/ KN³kmµaFikar joint inter- c,ab;sþIBIc,ab;bEnßm law on addendum
ministerial committee c,ardMNaM/ kareFVI horticulture
cMlgtam/ eFVI v. replicate ec,al²/ kar)a:n;sµan rough estimate
cMelIy/ EdlKµan unanswered Rck channel
cMh open, pSar ~ open market Rckecj exit
cMehH ¬kareqH¦ combustion RckecjcUlEtmYy single window, one
écñRbDitrksuI/ lkçN³ entrepreneurship stop shop
c,ab; law, esckþIRBag ~ draft law, ~ nig Rckecjbec©keTs technical fix

bTb,BaØtþi laws and regulations, ~ sþIBIsh RcklðkmanPaBRkIRk pocket of poverty
lkçnþik³m®nþIraCkarsuIvil law on Co-Statute Rc)ac;bBa©ÚlKña consolidated, B½t’man ~
consolidated information, kar ~ nUvtarag
of Civil Servants, ~ sþIBIhirBaØvtßúsMrab;kar
RKb;RKg law on Financial Management, ~ tulükar consolidation of balance sheets
sþIBIrbbsnþisuxsgÁm law on Social Security RcbUkRcbl;/ kar¼PaB confusion, chaos
RcLMbl; confusing
125
Rcanecal v. reject, vtßú ~ ¬eRBaHminRtUvkar¦ qñaM/ KitelImUldæanRbcaM annualized
reject qñaMelIqñaM ¬eFobnwgry³eBldUcKñaénqñaMmun¦ year
RcanecalCamun preclude on year, bMErbMrYl ~ year on year change
eRcInkkkuj adj. glut qøgkat; transit, KNnI ~ transit account,
eRcInkMrit multi-level TMnij ~ transit goods, GaCJab½NÑsMrab;TMnij ~
eRcInliclg;TIpSar glut the market transit licence, GñkdMeNIr ~ transit passenger
eRcInelIstMrUvkar/Edl adj. redundant qøgkat;RBMEdn/ BaNiC¢kmµ cross-border trade
eRcaHdac;dI/ kar soil erosion eqøyI tb/ kar n. response, GRtaeqøIytb
eRcaHsMGat v. purify response rate, PaBeqøIytb responsiveness
eqøótykcMeNj v. capitalise
q eqøótykcMeNjBIelI cash in on
qk;»kas v. capitalise qøúHbBa©aMg v. reflect
qk;»kasekjcMeNj/ kar speculation, q¥wgxñg/ ehdæarcnasm<½n§ ¬ehdæarcnasm<½n§
~ kñúgeRbgkat oil speculation eKal¦ backbone infrastructure
qnÞ³ will Eq¥teBjedayTMnijénTIpSar/ PaB market
saturation
qnÞanusiT§i ¬siT§isMerceBjelj¦ discretion,
Ca ~ rbs;rdæaPi)al at the ~ of the
government
C
qak stage, scenario, ~ neya)ay political CECkedjedal/ kar ¬]> enAsPa¦ debate
scene/arena CBa¢IgTUTat; balance of payments, »nPaB¼
qakar flat, kMér ~ flat fee, éfø ~ flat price Gtierk ~ balance of payments deficit/
qab;rMePIb/ PaB sensitivity surplus
Eqkeqr/ kar check CBa¢IgTUTat;GnþrCati external balance,
foreign balance
eqA raw, Tinñn½y ~ raw data CBa¢IgBaNiC¢kmµ balance of trade
qñaM year, ~ eKal base year, ~ sareBIBn§ Cncas;Cra elderly
fiscal year, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial year
CncMNakRsuk migrant
126
CnCab;ecaT n. accused CatiBn§úviTüa ethnography
CnenArs; survivor CatUbnIykmµ¼Catikmµ/ eFVI v. nationalise
CnbreTs alien, c,ab;sþIBI ~ alien act CaRbcaM/ cMNUl ¬m> cMNUlcrnþ¦ current
CnrYmCati compatriot revenue
CnsuIvil n., énCnsIuvil adj. civilian Camun/ karpþl;dMNwg advance notice

Clpl aquatic product, FnFan ~ aquatic Cav¼sMuCav/ kar subscription, éføCav
subscription price
resources
Clyan boat, esovePAskmµPaB ~ boat log Cavtßú/ viPaKTan in-kind contribution
book CINUm ¬CIvsaRsþ¦ genome
Clvb,kmµ aquaculture CIv³cMruH bio-diversity
C½yP½NÐ ¬rbs;EdldeNþIm rW bøn;BIeK¦ booty, CIvRBwtþi/ ksikmµ subsistence agriculture
spoils CIvPaB livelihood or living
C½ylaPI winner CIvm:as biomass
Cak;lak; explicit, bTbBa¢a ~ explicit CIv]sµ½n biogas
instruction
Cak;lak;/ PaB specificity, accuracy CIvit/ mYy lifetime, bTBiesaFn_kñúg ~ a
lifetime of experience
Cak;lak;/ ry³eBl specific period of time CUndMNwg/ kar notification, nItiviFICUndMNwg
Cak;Esþg actual, karRbKl; ~ actual notification procedure
delivery, karbBa©aTij ~ actual order, CUndMNwg/ FnaKar advising bank
karlk;TMnij ~ actual selling of goods CUndMNwgmunry³eBlxøI short notice
Cak;Esþg factual, sßanPaB ~ factual CUnB½t’man/ lixit advice note
situation CUneyabl;/ lixit advice note
Cak;Esþg/ tamkar de facto CYjdUr/ kar trading
Cak;Esþg/ minTan; latent CYjdUr)an/ Gac negotiable, rUbiyaNtþi
Cak;Esþg/ viFankar concrete measure \NeTyü ~ negociable debt instrument
Cati adj. national, fñak;eRkam ~ sub- CYjdUrh‘unedayGñképÞkñúg/ kar ¬EdldwgB½t’man
national level sMgat;BIRkumh‘un¦ insider dealing, insider trading
127
CYbTak;Tg/ kar contact, mnusSsMrab;CYb CMTas;tva:nwgesckþIsMerc contest a decision
Tak;Tg contact person CMnaj skill
CYyFana v. underwrite, Gñk ~ underwriter CMnajnIykmµ ¬m> ÉkeTsnIykmµ¦
CYybMeBjxat v. subsidise, kar ~ specialisation
subsidisation CMnUn n. present
CYr ¬PñM¦ range CMnYj trade, dealing, ~ Rsbc,ab; fair
CYr/ CYrepþk ¬tarag¦ row dealing
CYl ¬edaymankic©snüa¦ v. lease, ~ mkvij CMnYj/ kic©kar business, kareFVI ~ business

undertaking
lease back, karCYl lease n. CMnYj/ eFVI v. trade
CYl v. ¬pÞH/ kariyal½y>>>¦ let CMnYjEdlpþl;cMeNj paying business
CYl v. ¬pÞH/ rfynþ/ >>>¦ rent CMnYjh‘unKña partnership
CYl v. ¬rfynþ/ Blkr>>>¦ hire CMnYb meeting
CYl/ kar rental CMnYy aid, assistance, kic©RBmeRBogpþl; ~
CYl/ ry³eBl n. ¬GclnRTBü¦ tenancy aid agreement, ynþkarsMrbsMrYl ~ aid
CYl/ Gñk ¬dI/ pÞH>>>¦ tenant, ksikrCYldIeK coordination mechanism, kmµviFI ~ aid
tenant farmer
programme, ~ esdækic© economic aid
CYlbnþ sublet, sublease
eCIgsar ¬rW eCIgsarCMnYj¦broker, middleman CMnYykar assistant, KNenyükr ~ assistant
accountant
eCO/ PaBKYreGay credibility CMnYybec©keTs technical assistance (TA)
eCOnelOn progress, kMBug ~ in progress CMnYybreTs foreign aid
eCOnelOneTAmux/ kar advancement CMnYyBIxageRkA ¬RbeTs¦ external aid
eCOnelOnnigsµúKsµaj/ bec©kviTüa CMnYymnusSFm’ humanitarian assistance
sophisticated technology
eCaKC½y/ min)an unsuccessful CMnYyse®gÁaHbnÞan; emergency aid/relief
CMu¼xYb¼vdþ cycle CMnYysµartI memorandum
CMgWbNþalBIkargar work-related illness CMnYy\tcMNg untied aid
CMTas;/ kar objection, Kµan ~ no objection CMnYy\tsMNg grant aid
128
CMnYs/ kardak; subrogation liquidation report, kar ~CakatBVkic©
CMnYsKña)an/ PaBGacykeTA fungibility compulsory liquidation, kar ~ edaysµ½RK
CMenOn progress, r)aykarN_ ~ progress citþ voluntary liquidation
report CMrHhirBaØvtßú/ kar financial liquidation
CMBak;/ Edl due CMelaH quarrel
CMBak;/ enA ¬kMcI¦ outstanding CMhr position
CMBak;bMNul/ PaB indebtedness CMhrhirBaØvtßú financial standing
CMBUk chapter CMhr\NTan credit status
CMBUk ¬RkumstV/ rukçCati¦ genus CMhan ¬kñúgdMeNIrkarGVImYy¦ step, CaCMhan²
CMrk shelter, ~ ecosBn§ tax shelter steadily, mYyCMhanmþg² step by step
CMruj v. boost, motivate, stimulate, eRCIs v. select, sort
promote
CMrujTwkcitþ/ kar motivation eRCIs/ kar selection, el¥ógkñúg ~ selection
CMrujTwkcitþ/ eRKOg inducement error, cenøaHeRCIs selection interval,
CMrujplRbeyaCn_BaNiC¢kmµ/ kar promotion ~ beNþaHGasnñ tentative selection

of commercial interests eRCIsKMrUtag/ kar sample selection
CMerIs option eRCIserIs/ kar selection
ykKMrUtagKµanRsTab;/ kar unstratified eRCotERCk/ kar interference
sampling
ERCTMnijemIl shop around
CMerIsdMbUg primary selection
CMerIsepSgeTot alternative
CMerIsmankarRtYtBinitü controlled selection Q
CMerOn census, ~ RbCaCn population census Qb;/ kar cessation, karbBaÄb;GaCIvkmµ
CMrH ¬bBa¢I/ bMNul¦ v. liquidate cessation of business
CMrHkþI v. adjudicate Qb;sMrakKµanebovtSr_/ kar leave without pay

CMrHbBa©b; v. dispose Qb;sMrakeBlQW/ kar sick leave
CMrHbBa¢I/ kar liquidation, r)aykarN_ ~ QaneTAdl;kic©RBmeRBog v. come to an
agreement
129
Qanmux/ ]sSahkmµ pioneer industry dkR)ak;elIsR)ak;beBaØI/ kar overdraft
eQagdl;/ kar outreach dkhUt v. revoke, ~ GaCJab½NÑ ¬mkvij¦
QñH/ Gñk winner revoke a licence
QµÜj trader dkhUt v. ¬rbs;RTBü¦ confiscate,

dispossess
QµÜjkNþal middleman dg;suIet density
eQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ brand name dNþb;minsBV/ karFanar:ab;rg undercoverage
(insurance)
j dl;kMNt;/ Edl due

dl;kMNt; ¬sg¦/ éf¶ maturity date
jtþi petition dl;éd/ éføTijlk; spot price
jtþibenÞas motion of censure dak;ecjCaelIkdMbUgnUv/ kar ¬]> plitplelI
jatiCitCageK next of kin TIpSar¦ launch
jatiBn§ n. ¬m> sac;jati¦ relative dak;CUnBinitü/ kar filing
jwkjab;/ PaB frequency dak;eTas v. penalise
Ejk v. differentiate dak;R)ak;enAFnaKar v. bank
Ejk[eXIjPaBxusKña/ kar differentiation dak;mUlb,Tanb½RteGayRbB½n§FnaKarcat;kar
epÞrR)ak; clear a cheque
d dak;vin½y v. impose disciplinary sanction,
dkxøÜnecj back out, ~ BIkic©snüa back out kar ~ disciplinary action
from a contract dak;snÞsSn_/ kar indexation
dkecjBImuxtMENgGVImYykñúgrdæaPi)al dak;sMBaF v. exert pressure
removal from a government office
dac;xat absolute, sMelg ¬e)aHeqñat¦ PaKeRcIn
dkbNþwg discharge
~ absolute majority vote, ]tþmPaB ~
dkR)ak; ¬BIKNnI¦ withdraw money absolute advantage
dkR)ak;/ Gñk drawer dac;Rsyal/ tMbn; remote area
dkR)ak;/ GñkeGayeK drawee das;etOn/ kar warning
130
dI rW dIFøI land dUmINU/ \T§iBl domino effect
dIkmµsiT§i ¬FM²¦ estate edIm ¬rukçCati¦ trunk, stem
dIka warrant edIm/ RbCaCn indigenous people
dIkaekaHsakSI subpoena edImecaT plaintiff, claimant
dIkaextþ¼Rkug provincial/municipal order edImTuntamc,ab; legal capital
(written instruction) edjecal/ kar dismissal
dIkaXMu commune regulation(s) edjéfø v. bid
dIkabgÁab; ¬tulakar¦ writ edjéfø/ kar bid, auction, karlk; ~ auction
dIRkhm red soil sale
dIdaMduH cultivated land edjéfø/ kar ¬edIm,IeFVIkarpÁt;pÁg;¦ tender
dIFøI/ én agrarian, kMENTMrg;dIFøI agrarian edjéfø/ kar ¬edaymandak;ÉksartMél
reform ):an;sµanlMGit¦ tendering
dIesIm ¬dITMnabmanTwkdk;edayGenøI¦ wetlands edjéfø/ Gñk tenderer
dILÚt_ plot edjéføkñúgeRsamsMbuRtbiTCit/ kar sealed
dIGacdaMduH arable land tender
dwkCBa¢Ún v. & n. transport edjéføCaGnþrCati/ kar international bidding/
dwkTMnij ¬tamrfynþ rW rfePøIg¦/ kar haulage, tendering
éfø ~ haulage cost edjéføedayRbkYtRbECgkñúgRsuk/ kar

DCB ( Domestic Competitive Bidding)
dwknaMkargar/ KN³kmµaFikar steering edjeCIgKña/ PaB ¬m>RbkYtRbECg/ PaB¦
committee competitiveness
dwgsÁal;/ kar awareness EdndI/ GaCJaFr territorial authority
dul gross EdnCMrkstVéRB wildlife santuary
duløarGWr:ub Eurodollar EdnensaT fishery zone, ~ bMrugTuk
duløarUnIykmµ dollarisation reserved fishery zone
duHdI/ kar silting (of waterways) EdnrgTwkePøóg catchment area
dUcmanEcg ¬kñúgc,ab;¦ as provided, as Ednsmtßkic©¼yutþaFikar jurisdiction
stated, set forth Ednsm,TanTwkéRb marine concession
131
EdnGnuvtþ ¬c,ab;¦ scope edaHdUredaypÞal;/ kar direct exchange
édKU partner, PaBCa ~ partnership edaHdUrTMnijnwgTMnij ¬karpøas;bþÚrTMnijKñaeday
édKUBaNiC¢kmµ trading partner mineRbIluy¦ barter
duM/ karTij bulk buying edaHdUrenApSarh‘un/ kar stock-exchange
dMukMPYn/ karpþl;fvikaCa substantial funding dealings
dMNak;/ dMNak;kal stage, phase edaHT½l/ karlk; distress sale

dMeNIrkar process edaHElg v. release
dMeNIrkar/ ¬Edl¦ performing, RTBüskmµ edaHRsay handle, ~ sßankarN_ handle a
situation
~ performing asset, RTBüskmµmin ~ edaHRsay/ kar resolution, ~ TMnas; conflict
non-performing asset resolution
dMeNIrkar/ cMNay ¬sMrab;¦ running costs
dMNaMeRcInmux/ kareFVIV polyculture
dMNaMmYymux/ kareFVI monoculture z
dMNaMrYmpSM supplementary crop zbnkmµ ¬m> erobcMtMelIg/ kar¦
dMNaMlk;ykR)ak; cash crop zbnIyPNÐ ¬m> FnbMrug¦ reserve
dMeNaHRsay n. settlement, ~ dIFøI land zbnIyCIvmNÐlbwgTenøsab Tonle Sap
settlement, ~ bec©keTs technical fix
biosphere reserve
zan³ rank
dMeNaHRsayRbkbedaykareyaKyl;
zan³ status, nimitþsBaØasMKal; ~ status symbol
¬min)ac;eTAtulakar¦ amicable settlement
zanKNit land survey
dMeNIrkareTAmux/ kMBug ¬CMnYj¦ to be a going
concern zannþrs½kþi ¬m®nþIraCkar¦ rank
dMeNIrkareFVIGaCIvkmµ/ kic© conduct of zananuRkm hierarchy
business
dMbUg initial, mUlFn ~ initial capital, éfø ~
initial price D
daMéRBeQIeLIgvij/ kar reforestation DIy:aRkam rW KMnUsbMRBYj n. diagram
edaHdUr ¬TMnij¦ Kña/ kar trade-off DIvIDI ¬fasvIedGU¦ DVD
132
DIhSúItal; ¬EdlbgðajCaelx¦ digital taméfø/ Bn§yk ad valorem duty
tamry³enH hereby
t tamGMNacmuxgar ex-officio
tarag table, spreadsheet, chart, flow
tkáviC¢a logic chart, karelIkCa ~ tabulation
ttiyCnGMNUs n. garnishee taragkaMebovtSr_ wage scale
ttiyCn third party taragKNnI chart of accounts
tfPaB reality taragtulükar balance sheet, xÞg;eRkA ~
téfø v. bargain off-balance sheet items, éf¶eFVI ~
tnukmµ depletion balance sheet date
tnuPaB ¬m> kMr/ PaB¦ scarcity taragtulükarsrub ¬bUkcUlEfmnUvbuRtsm<½n§>>¦
tbkmµ austerity, ~ esdækic© economic consolidated balance sheet
austerity taragtulüPaB trial balance
tv:a v. protest, complain taragBn§Ky customs tariff, tariff
tv:a/ kar protest, claim tarageBl¼kalviPaK schedule, ~ sgR)ak;
ts‘Umti/ kar advocacy repayments schedule
tamkalkMNt; adj. periodic, RbB½n§RtYtBinitü taragGnueRKaHBn§KymanRbsiT§iPaBrYm Common

Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT)
~ periodic-control system, RbB½n§bBa¢aTij ~ titkiß mµ ¬m> Eq¥teBj>>>¦ saturation, ~ kñúgpSar
periodic-order system
market saturation, eFVI ~ v. saturate
tamc,ab; legal, edImTun ~ legal capital,
esckþIsMerc ~ legal decision, GñktMNag ~ twgEtg hard, kartéfød¾ ~ hard bargain
legal representative, eFVI[eTA ~ legalise,
twgruwg/ viFankar stringent measure
PaB ~ legality tulakar court of justice
tamdan ¬m> XøaMemIl¦ monitor tulakarBaNiC¢kmµ commercial court
tamdanbnþ follow-up v. & n. tulükarfvika/ eFVI v. balance the budget
tamdanemIl/ kar tracking tulükares,óg food balance
tamEtGMeBIcitþ arbitrary tulüPaB balance
133
tUctac adj. minor tMbn;/ karEbgEck zoning
tY ¬rfynþ¦ body (car) tMbn;RtYtBinitüKy ¬tMbn;EdlKyGactamcab;
tYy:ag/ Ca typical TMnij)an¦ customs territory
tYGgÁ actor, ~ esdækic© economic actor tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrIGas‘an ASEAN Free
etsþ n. test, eFVI ~ v. test Trade Area (AFTA)
etsþCab;/ eFVI pass the test (education) tMbn;PavUbnIykmµ regionalisation

EtgtaMg/ kar nomination, appointment, tMbn;ykKMrUtag sampling domain
accreditation, GñkTTYl ~ nominee,
tMbn;rab;bBa©Úl enumerator area (EA)
kartaMgs‘ubkñúgzannþrskþiCaPñak;garrdæ)al tMbn;rab;bBa©ÚlCMerOn census-enumeration
area
permanent appointment to the rank of
administrative agent tMbn;esdækci ©Bei ss special economic zone
tMkl;Tuk/ kar filing tMbn;GPivDÆn_Biess special promotion
tMkl;R)ak;¼kk; v. deposit zone (SPZ)
tMNag rW GñktMNag representative, ~ tMrg;Tis oriented (orientated), kar ~

orientation
mansiT§iRbTan authorised representative tMrg;Tis v. direct
tMNagkarBarkþI attorney tMrUv v. mandate, c,ab; ~ fa... the law
tMNagRbcaMRbeTs resident representative mandates that....
tMNagpþac;mux sole representative, tMrUv/ kar requirement, R)ak;bMrugtam ~
exclusive/sole agent required reserves
tMNagBaNiC¢kmµ commercial traveller tMrvU kar demand, need, ~ Cak;Esþg effective
tMNageBjsiT§ full-right representative demand, ~ ¬én¦TIpSar market demand,
tMENg position, ~ TMenr vacant position ~ edIm,Icgsm<½n§ need for affiliation
tMbn; area, Ékta ~ area unit tMrvU kar ¬caM)ac;CamUldæan¦ needs, karsikSa
tMbn; region, Gnu ~ sub-region, ~ Rbtibtþikar vaytMélBI ~ needs assessment study,
swkrg military sub-region ~ caM)ac; basic needs, ~ CamUldæanrbs;mnusS
tMbn; zone, ~ sñÚl core zone, ~ RTnab; basic human needs (BHN)
tMrUvkar/ ExSekag demand curve
buffer zone, Gnþr ~ inter zone
134
tMrUvkar/ minsUvman be in poor demand tMélTijcUl ¬m> tMéltamRbvtþisaRsþ¦
tMrUvkar nigkarpÁt;pÁg; demand and supply historical cost
tMrUveGay v. ¬eFVIGVImYy¦ require tMélTIpSar market value

tMlaPaB transparency tMélFanik ¬m> tMélTIpSar¦ market value
tMelIg v. raise, ~ Bn§ raise tax tMélenAeBlcUl ¬tMélsMPar³eBlTijcUl¦
original cost
tMelIg KuNPaB¼ smtßPaB v. upgrade tMélbc©úb,nñ present value, ~ suT§ net
tMelIgzan³/ kar ¬buKÁlik¦ promotion (of present value (NPV)
an employee) tMélbEnßm value added (VA)
tMelIgéfø v. increase price, mark up tMélRbmUl)anvij scrap/salvage value
tMél cost, value, ~ elIs¼xVH capital tMél)an Rbkas¼RbtievTn_ declared value
gains/loss (accounting)
tMél/ karkMNt; valuation tMélplitpÞal; ¬KµanbUkcMnayTUeTA¦ direct
production cost, prime cost
tMél/ TMnijman valuable goods tMélpøas;ecj ¬pøas;rbs;mYyedayrbs;mYy
tMél/ ry³kalman validity epSgeTot¦ replacement value
tMél/ vay¼eGay v. value tMéllk; ¬)an¦ sales value
tMélkñúgbBa¢I rW tMélKNenyü book value, tMélelIs ¬elIkarlk;RTBüskmµCab;lab;¦
carrying value capital gain
tMélRkumh‘unKittamtMélTIpSarénsnøwkh‘un tMélsþg;dar standard cost
market capitalisation
tMélxVH capital loss (accounting) tMélGnaKt future value
tMélKNenyü book value t,itet,ót/ kar¼PaB austerity, ~ xagesdækic©
economic austerity
tMélcarwk nominal value t,Úg rW t,Úg ¬fµ¦ mantMél gem or gemstone
tMélcuHelIb½NÑ rW tMélcarwk face value, par Rta n. seal
value, nominal value
tMéltamRbvtþisaRsþ ¬tMélCak;EsþgkalBIeBl Rtab;tam/ kareFVI simulation/imitate
TijcUl¦ historic/historical cost RtIPaKI adj. tripartite
tMéltameBl time value RtImas quarter
RtwmRtUv correct, right, just, fair, sound
135
eKalkarN_RbkYtRbECg ~ principle of fair and balances
competition RtYsRtay¼Qanmux/ kargar pioneering work
RtwmRtUv/ PaB correctness, accuracy eRtom/ kic©RBmeRBog stand-by agreement
RtwmRtUv/ min inaccurate, PaB ~ inaccuracy eRtombMrug backup
RtUvc,ab; licit t¥ÚjEt¥r v. complain
RtUvpøas;bþÚrtamkarcaM)ac;/ Edl mutatis
mutandis
RtYtKña¼KgKña overlap f
RtYtKña ¬\tRbeyaCn_¦/ kar duplication ftcMlg/ kar duplication
RtYtRta v. control ftdak;Tinñn½y ¬kMuBüÚT½r¦ n. directory
RtYtRta/ cUl v. ¬edayTijykCag 50°én fycuH/ kar decrease
PaKh‘unrbs;Rkumh‘un¦ takeover, kar ~ n. fycuHtamkareRbIR)as;/ RTBü depletive asset
takeover fytMél depreciate
RtYtBinitü control, inspect, GñkRtYtBinitü fvika budget, \NTan ~ budget credit,
controller
RtYtBinitükarbþÚrR)ak;/ kar exchange control mUlniFi ~ budget fund, karRtYtBinitü ~
budget control
RtYtBinitüeRkayskmµPaB/ kar post-action fvikaKµantulüPaB ¬man»nPaB¦ unbalanced
control(s)
budget
RtYtBinitüxaghirBaØvtßú/ Gñk (financial) fvikaTUeTArbs;rdæ state general budget
comptroller
RtYtBinitüedayeRbIEPñk/ kar visual control fvikanIykmµ budgetarization, budget
RtYtBinitüénPñak;garKy/ kar customs preparation, naykdæan ~ nig hirBaØkic©
examination department of budgetarization and
finance
RtYtBinitüebovtSr_nigéfø/ kar wage and fvikaRbtibtþikar operating budget
price controls
RtYtBinitümunskmµPaB/ kar pre-action zan³ ¬kñúg¦ sgÁm social status
control(s) famBlelIs)anBIkarpÁMúKña synergy
RtYtBinitüsþúk/ kar stock control fasrwg hard disk (computer)
RtYtemIl/ kar check, ~ nigføwgGMNac checks efr/ éfø constant price
136
efrevlaGnueRKaH grace period (debt fñaMsMlab;stVcéRg pesticides
repayment) fµmantMél precious stones
EfTaM/ cMNay upkeep expenses fµIEbøk/ Edl¼PaB¼rbs; adj. & n. novelty
EfTaMRKb;RKg/ kar stewardship éfø n. price, ~ efakNas; bargain/cut price,
EfTaMsuxPaB ¬cMNay¦ medical care(expense) ~ efakbMput rock bottom price, ~ RBmeRBog
EfTaMsuxPaB/ kar health care, ~ bzm agreed price, ~ lk; selling price
primary health care (PHC)
EfTaM/ kar maintenance, cMNay ~ éfø adj. dear, expensive
maintenance costs éfø/ kMNt; v. price, kar ~ pricing, RbB½n§ ~
éf¶kMNt;/ dl; by the due date pricing system
éf¶Qb;sMrakmanebovtSr_ holidays with pay éfø ¬RtUvbg;¦ charge, éføbnÞb; ¬RtUvbg;¦
or paid holidays room charge
éf¶dl;kMNt;sgR)ak; date of maturity, due éfø ¬lk;¦ ecjBIXøaMg ex-warehouse price
date éfø ¬lk;¦ ecjBIeragcRk ex-works price,
éf¶TUTat; account day ex-factory price
éf¶TUTat;bBa¢I/ éf¶CMrHbBa¢I settlement day éfø ¬Ékta¦ unit price, rate
éf¶eFVIkar working day éføx<s;hYsRbmaN ¬éføkab;eqA¦ price cut to
the bone
éf¶RbKl;R)ak; ¬QñÜl¦RbcaMRtImas quarter- éføKitTaMgBn§ duty paid price
day
éf¶rYcput ¬Bn§¦ day-release éføeKal basic price
fñak; class, ~ eGkUnUmI¼CMnYj¼elxmYy ¬ekAGI éføcrnþ current price, tarag ~ current
price list
ynþehaH¦ economy/business/ first class éføCak;Esþg ruling prices
fñak; grade (civil servant) éføQñÜl ¬yanCMniH¦ fare, ~ x<s;¼Tab tamrdUv
fñak;xs< ; ¬zan³kargar¦ senior, m®nþI ~ senior high/low season fare, ~ eFVIdMeNIrEteTA
officer
fñak;qøg cross class rWEtmk single/one way fare
fñak;rg sub-class éføQñÜlenACMBak; back rent
fñaMbgáar vaccine éføQñÜlGnueRKaH concessionary fare
137
éfødwkCBa¢Ún freight, ~ )anbg;mun freight éføTMnijdwkdl;eRkamdgeyag FOB under
prepaid tackle
éfødwkCBa¢Únbg;edayGñkTTYl freight/ éføTMnijbUkéføFanar:ab;rgbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún CIF
carriage forward (cost, insurance, freight)
éfødwkCBa¢Únbg;edayGñkepJI carriage paid éføTMnijbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún cost and freight
éfødwkCBa¢ÚnyktaméføTMnij ad valorem (C & F )
freight éføTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer price

éfødul gross price éføTMnijeBlehobbiThag closing price
éføedIm cost price, cost, ~ TMnijlk;ecj éføRTRTg;CIvPaB cost of living
cost of goods sold, ~ plitkmµ éfø Fmµta¼crnþ going price
manufacturing cost éføeFob relative price
éføedImÉktabEnßm marginal cost éføenATIpSar rW éføTIpSar market price
éføedIm,IbeBa©jTMnij/ karkMNt; clearance éføenARBMEdn border price
pricing
éføEdlGacTijdUr)an accessible price éfø)anRbkas quoted price
éføefakdl;)at ¬éføefakNas;¦ rock bottom éføRbkas ¬enATIpSar¦ quotation
price éføRbkaslk; offered price
éføTak;m:Uy introductory offer éføRbkYtRbECg competitive price
éføTMnijdwkdl;EKmnava éføeRbIesva ¬]> eRbIpøÚv/ s<an>>>¦ toll
FAS (free alongside ship)
éføeBj full price ( no discount)
éføTMnijdwkdl;eKaledA FOB shipment to
destination
éfømanninñakarfycuH prices are inclined to
ease
éføTnM ji dwkdl;elInava FOB (free on board)
éføykbEnßm surcharge
éføTMnijdwkdl;elInava nigerobeGay FOB
trimmed
éføyutþiFm’ fair price
éføTMnijdwkdl;elIpøÚvEdk FOR (free on rail) éfølk; selling price
éføTMnijdwkdl;elIrfynþ FOT (free on éfølk; ¬efak edayKittamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;¦
truck) cash price
éføTMnijdwkdl;Gakasyandæan FOB airport éføelI/ kar[ ¬edIm,IRbECgTij¦ counter-offer
138
éføelIRkb ¬éfølk;raycuHelIRkbesovePA/ TTYlxusRtUvmankMNt;/ kar limited liability
TsSnavdþI>>>¦ cover price TTYlTMnij/ Gñk consignee
éføelIbBa¢I ¬kataLúk¦ list price TTYlRBm v. ¬lixitpøas;bþÚr/ rUbiyaNtþi¦ accept
éføsBVRKb; ¬éføKitbBa©ÚlRKb;mux³ TMnij/ (a bill of exchange), lixitbBa¢ak;kar ~
Fanar:ab;rg/ dwkCBa¢Ún>>>¦ all-in price notification of acceptance, viBaØabnb½Rt ~

éføsmRsbnwglT§PaBTijrbs;RKb;Kña prices acceptance certificate, bgðajlixitedIm,I
to suit all pockets sMukarbBa¢ak; ~ present a bill for acceptance
éføesva service charge TTYlRBmedaymanlkçxNÐ/ kar qualified
éføGtibrma ceiling price acceptance
éføGnueRKaHdl;GñkTij buyer's price TTYlRBmeday\tsMéc/ kar unqualified
éføÉkta unit price, rate acceptance
TTYlRBmTaMgRsug/ kar absolute acceptance
TTYlsÁal; v. acknowledge, ~ karTTYl
T mUlb,Tanb½Rt acknowledge receipt of a
TkSiNRbeTs ¬RbeTsRk¦ south countries cheque
TegVI performance TTYlsÁal;/ kar recognition, accreditation

TNÐkmµ sanction, ~ esdækic© economic Tn;exSay/ ksikr weak farmers,
disadvantaged farmers
sanction
TNÐkmµxagvin½y disciplinary sanction Tn;Pøn; flexible
TNÐit ¬GñkCab;Bn§naKar¦ convict T®nÞanykdI/ kar land grabbing
TTYl/ Gñk receiver Tb;éfønigebovtSr_mineGayeLIg/ kar price
and salary freeze
TTYl/ Gñk ¬]> CMnYy¦ recipient, RbeTsTTYl Tb;sáat; v. curb
¬CMnYy¦ recipient country TliTÞPaB ¬m> RkIRk/ PaB¦ poverty
TTYlxusRtUv/ kar responsibility, liability TsPaK decile n. (statistics), decimal
TTYlxusRtUv/ PaB trusteeship adj., elx ~ n. decimal
TTYlxusRtUv ¬tamc,ab;¦ cMeBaH liable for TsvtSr_/ CMerOnRbCaCnRbcaM decennial
TTYlxusRtUvKµankMrti / kar unlimited liability population census
139
TsSn_lT§PaB n. rW PaBGacTsSn_Tay)an collection, TIPñak;garTarbMNul debt
predictability collection agency
TsSn³ view, TsSn³rYm overview Tarmin)an/ Edl irrecoverable
TsSnkic©sikSa study tour Tal;Rck/ PaB deadlock, TMlay ~ break
TsSnviC¢aesdækic© economic philosophy the deadlock
TsSnvis½y outlook, perspective Tij purchase, ~ eCO purchase on credit,

TsSn³esdækic©/ tam from the economic Tij/ kar ~ purchase
standpoint Tij/ Gñk buyer, purchaser, vendee
TsSnaTan concept, conception Tijykvij buy back, repurchase
Tak;Tg¼Tak;Tin/ Cab; related TidæPaBxageBlevla time dimension
Tak;Taj adj. attractive, éfø ~ GtifiCn Tidæakar/ cuH ¬GnuBaØatcMNay¦ endorse v.
attractive price (an expense) (French: viser)
TajcMNUl/ GRta rate of return TinikCn ¬m> BlkrsuIR)ak;éf¶¦ day labourer
Tan;eBl ¬B½t’man¦ up to date (information) Tinñn½y data, bBa©Úl ~ v. enter data,
TabCagéføedIm below cost mUldæan ~ n. database
TamTar sMNgkarxUcxat¼R)ak;b:Hb:Uv v. claim Tinñn½y eqA¼minTan;viPaK raw data
compensation Tinñn½yRbPBTIBIr secondary data
TamTar/ kar demand, claim Tinñpl yield
TamTar/ EdlBMuRtUv)an unclaimed Tinñanub,vtþi journal (accounting) , b½NÑ ~
TamTar/ Gñk claimant journal voucher
TamTarKNenyüPaBBI demand Tis direction
accountability from TisedA direction, pþl;TisedAnigkarENnaM
Tayk donor provide direction and guidance
TayC¢Tan endowment TisedA n. objective
TayC¢Tan allowance, ~ eGaydl;rMls; TIkEnøg site
depreciation allowance TIXkal ¬m> ry³eBlEvg¦ long term
TayaT ¬GñkTTYlmrtk¦ heir TIcat;karKy customs house
Tar ¬RbmUlR)ak;¦ collect payment, kar ~
140
TIcat;karcuHbBa¢ICapøÚvkar registered office agency
(of a company) TIsMGagbBa¢ak;BIxagFnaKar bank reference
TIcat;karFM head office TIsñak;karkNþal ¬énRkumh‘un¦ headquarters
TICMrk sanctuary TwkédGn; bad workmanship
TICMral watershed TwkEt ¬R)ak;eGayeRkA¦ tip
TItaMg location TwkR)ak; amount, sum, ~ dul gross
TIRbwkSa adviser (advisor), ~ hirBaØvtßú amount, ~ énvikáybRt amount of
financial adviser invoice
TIpSar market, ~ rUbiyvtßú money/finance Twksab freshwater, karensaT ~ freshwater
market, ~ biT closed market fisheries RtI ~ freshwater fish
TIpSarkMBugpuseT,Ig emerging market Tukcitþ/ karrMelaPesckþI abuse of trust
TIpSarEdleKeCOfaGIv:an;nwgcuHéfø bear Tukcitþ/ EdlKYreGay trustworthy
market TuqnÞ³ ill-will
TIpSarEdleKeCOfaGIv:an;nwgeLIgéfø bull TudæPaB ¬karminRBmcUlxøÜneTAtulakar¦
market
contumacy
TIpSarpþac;mux monopoly/captive market TutIyta duplicate (copy)
TIpSarmankarpÁt;pÁg;eRcInCagtMrUvkar soft TuTidæi/ kar)a:n;sµan pessimistic estimate
market
TIpSarrUbiyvtßú money market Tun capital
TIpSar\NTan credit market Tun edIm¼BUC ¬edIm,I[)anduHdal¦ seed
capital
TIPñak;gar agency, ~ CMnYy aid agency, ~ TunbgVil ¬rW Tuncl½t¦ circulating/working/
BinitülT§PaBmuneBlvinieyaK pre- trading capital, revolving fund
investment agency Tunecj/ dk v. decapitalise
TIPñak;garKmnakar travel agency TunbMrug capital reserves
TIPñak;gardwkCBa¢Ún forwarding agency TunmnusS/ vinieyaK human-capital
TIPñak;gareTscrN_ travel agency investment
TIPñak;garpþac;mux sole agency TunminTan;)anbg; unpaid capital
TIPñak;garrUbiyvtßúkNþal central-monetary Tunm©as;h‘unFmµta equity capital
141
TunvinieyaKpSgeRKaHfñak; risk capital TUTat;sgR)ak;CMBak;eK v. pay up
(venture capital) TUeTA general
TunGcl½t fixed capital TUeTA/ PaB generality
TuBVlPaB ¬m> bBa©úHKuNPaB/ kar¦ TUTaMgRbeTs nationwide
degradation
TurKtPaB poverty TUrKmn_/ Gasydæan telegraphic address
TurÖikS famine TUrBum< telex
TUk boat TUrsar fax
TUTat;/ kar settlement, ~ pþac; final TUlMTUlay adj. comprehensive
settlement, FnaKarTUTat; settlement eTogTat; adj. regular, R)ak;cMNUl ~
bank, \NTanTUTat; settlement credit regular income, PaB ~ regularity
TUTat;/ karmin non-payment eTogTat;/ Ca steadily

TUTat;/ éf¶ account day eTogTat;/ eday regularly
TUTat;/ min adj. unpaid (cheque) eTogTat;/ min irregular
TUTat;Camun/ kar advance payment eTogeBl/ eday periodically
TUTat;Cavtßú/ kar payment in kind eTsrdæm®nþI senior minister
TUTat;¼bg; R)ak;ecj v. pay out eTsPaBkarBar/ tMbn; protected landscape
TUTat;¼bg; pþac; v. pay off eTas T½NÐ¼bBaØtþi penalty
TUTat;tamdMNak;énCMenOn ¬kargar¦/ kar eTaskmµ offence
progress payment eTasT½NÐ/ dak; v. impose/inflict a penalty
TUTat;tamFnaKar/ kar bank clearing eTAvijeTAmk mutual, karCYyKña ~ mutual
TUTat;tamrebob em:Akar¼qaka/ kar lump- assistance, manplRbeyaCn_ ~ mutual
sum payment benefit
TUTat;TaMgRsug/ Edl)an fully paid up TMgn;dul gross weight
TUTat;bMNulTaMgRsug liquidate/discharge a TMgn;nicl rW TMgn;gab; dead-weight
debt
TMgn;bøg; design weight
TUTat;R)ak;EdlBMuTan;)ansg/ eFVIkar clearing
the arrears
TMng/ PaB likelihood
142
TMnak;TMng relation, liaison, TMnijnaMecj exports, mux ~ export
TMnak;TMng relation, liaison, kariyal½y ~ article/item
liaison office, ~ saFarN³ public

TMnijbBa¢ÚntamynþehaH air cargo/freight
relations, ~ GnþrCati international
TMnijminKg;yUr ¬Gahar/ sarB½t’man>>>¦ non-
durables
relations
TMnak;TMngCMnYjpþac;mux dealership TMnijmUlFn rW TMnijCaTun ¬TMnijsMrab;plit
TMnas; n. conflict, ~ dIFøI land conflict, TMnijepSg²eTot¦ capital goods
~ plRbeyaCn_ conflict of interest
TMnijlk;dac;qab; ¬gaylk;;¦ quick seller
TMnij goods, ~ eRbIR)as; consumer/ TMnijlk;efakBiess special offer
consumable goods, ~ eRbIR)as;kñúgpÞH
TMnijlk;mindac;bBa¢Únmkvij sales returns,
returns
household goods, ~ eFVIedaym:asuIn TMnijGacføwgrWrab;)an fungibles
manufactured goods, ~ RbNit luxury TMnukcitþ/ Cnkan;tMENgCaTI fiduciary
goods, ~ xUcKuNPaB faulty goods, ~ TMnukcitþelIrUbiyvtßú monetary confidence
qøgkat;¼kñúgsþúk¼epJIeTAlk; goods in transit/ TMenIbPavUbnIykmµ¼TMenIbkmµ modernisation,
in stock/ on consignment
TMnij nigesva goods and services eFVI ~ modernise
TMnijKµanGñkTTYl goods in abeyance TMenrecal idle, em:ag ~ idle time
TMnijgayxUc n. perishables TMenar propensity
TMnijRcbUkRcbl; ¬minTan;EbgEcktamRbePT¦ TMrg; profile
unascertained goods TMrg; nig Kti énc,ab; form and legal
TMnijdwktamnava cargo concepts of the law
TMnijEdlKyXat;Tuk clearance inwards TMrg;kar formalities

TMnijEdlputBIKyBinitü clearance TMrg;kar ¬m> nItiviFI¦ procedure
outwards TMrg;kar ¬Éksar¦ form (document)
TMnijnaMcUl imports TMrg;kardEdl² n. routine
TMnijnaMcUlsMrab;eRbIR)as; ¬kñúgRsuk¦ retained TMrg;EbbbT formalities
imports TMrg;EbbbT/ bMeBj fill in a form
143
TMrg;sMbuRt layout of a letter ~ CarUbiyb½NÑ foreign assets (bank)
TMlak;GvI :an;ecalxøHedIm,IsMral ¬nava/ ynþehaH¦ RTBüskmµbreTs foreign assets, ~ suT§
jettison net foreign assets
TMlab;/ Ca habitual RTBüskmµsuT§/ tMélBit net worth ( asset
TMlab;¼rebobrbb TIpSar market practice based on the present market value
deducts current liabilities)
TMlayPaBTal;Rck/ kar breakthrough RTBüsm,tiþrYmKña co-property
TMhM size, dimension, magnitude RTBüsm,tþi rW RTBü property, asset, Bn§elI
TMenomTMlab;Ep custom of the port (COP) RTBüsm,tþi¼kmµsiT§i property tax, ~ RTBü
TMenomTMlab;BaNiC¢kmµ commercial usage sm,tþiFmµCati natural asset
TaMgmUl whole RTBüsm,tþirbs;buKÁlEdlsøab; estate
RTg;RTay form RTBüGkmµ liabilities, ~ crnþ current
RTRTg; v. sustain, support, sV½y ~ self- liabilities
sustain, ~ CIvit sustain life RTBüGacbþÚrykR)ak;)anrh½s liquid assets
RTRTg;KñaeTAvijeTAmk/ CYy mutually RTwsþI theory
supportive TVIk³/ RbB½n§éfø dual price system
RTnab;; buffer, tMbn; ~ buffer zone eTVTis two-way
RTBüCitdUcrUbiyvtßú ¬RTBüskmµEdlGacbþÚrCa eTVbT ¬m> CMerIs¦
rUbiyvtßú)any:aggay¦ near-liquid asset or eTVPaK/ karcuHbBa¢I double entry bookeeping,
near money
RTBübeBaØIenAbreTs ¬m> RTBüskmµbreTs¦ viFIcuHbBa¢IeTVPaK double-entry
foreign assets eTVPaKI/ CMnYy bilateral aid/assistance
RTBümUlFn capital asset, cMNayelI ~
capital expenditure/investment/outlay
RTBüm©as; equities F
RTBürYmsM)ac;bþIRbBn§ ¬Cam©as;rYmKña¦ F¶n;F¶r/ eFVIeGayrwtEt exacerbate
community property FnFan resource, kareRbIR)as; ~ resource
RTBüskmµ asset, ~ crnþ current asset, consumption, karKitKUrsMéc ~ husbanding
~ Cab;lab; fixed asset, capital asset, of resources
144
FnFanClpl fisheries resource FnaKarebIksar\NTan issuing/opening/
FnFanRTBürYm common property originating bank (letter of credit)
resources (CPR) FnaKare)aHpSayRkdasR)ak; issue bank
FnFanFmµCati natural resource FnaKarmanRKb;esva fully fledged bank
FnFanrUbvnþ ¬GaKar/ ]bkrN_>>>¦ physical FnaKarrYmPaKh‘un joint stock bank
resources FnaKar sBa¢½y¼snSM savings bank
FnFanesenTik genetic resources FnaKarGBaNiC¢ non commercial bank
Fnb½Rt ¬m> RkdasR)ak;¦ banknote FnaKar\NTan credit bank
FnbMrug reserve, ~ mantémø reserve of FnaKarÉkeTs specialised bank
value, KNnI ~ katBVkic© reserve
FnaKarik banker
requirement account, kartMrUv ~ reserve
FmµnuBaØ charter
requirements, PaK ~ reserve tranche
FmµnuBaØPaB constitutionality
FnbMrugtamc,ab; legal reserves FmµanurUb ¬m> eBjc,ab;¦ legitimate
FnbMrugbreTs foreign reserves Frman/ cUlCa come into force
FnlaP annuity, CIv ~ life annuity FatucUl input
FnvDÆPaB ¬m> vibulPaB¦ Fatuecj output, ~ cugeRkay¼sMerc final
FnvinÞ ¬m> cMeNj/ PaBman¦ output, ~ GnþrkarI intermediate output
FnaKar bank, ~ kNþal central bank, ~ FatupSM component
TTYlR)ak;beBaØI deposit money bank, ~ Faturwg hardware (computer)
Cati national bank, ~ epJIR)ak; bank of Fana/ kar guarantee, warranty, ~ TUTat;
deposit, FnaKarik banker
guarantee of payment, ~ KuNPaB quality
FnaKarqøgeqøIy correspondent bank guarantee, rUbiyaNtþiman ~ garanteed bill
FnaKarCUndMNwg notifying bank, advising of exchange
bank Fana/ R)ak; bail (money deposited to free
FnaKarTij]bkrN_TUTat;lixitbMNul sb from detention until the trial),
discount bank b½NÑFana bail bond
FnaKarTUTat; paying bank Fana/ mankar secured, RTBüskmµ ~
145
eBjelj assets fully secured Fur³bnÞan;/ edayman distress, karlk; ~
Fana/ rbs; collateral, security, guarantee, distress sale
~ sMrab;R)ak;kMcI guarantee for a loan

Føak;cuH/ kar drop
Fana/ Gñk warrantor, guarantor Føak;cuHy:agKMhuk v. ¬]>éføplitpl¦ fall
sharply/abruptly
Fana/ GñkTTYl)ankar warrantee Føak;cuHyWt²/ kar decline
FanakarTUTat;/ R)ak; ¬bUkbEnßmsMrab;¦ del Føak;cuHesdækic©/ kar economic recession/
credere
downturn, ~ Caskl global economic
Fanar:ab;rg insurance, Pñak;gar ~ insurance recession
agent, Rkumh‘un ~ insurance company, Føak;¼Føak;cuH v. decrease, karFøak;éfø
viBaØabnb½Rt ~ insurance certificate decrease in price
Fanar:ab;rg/ kar insurance, ~ eTAvijeTAmk Føak;éfø v. depreciate
mutual insurance, ~ RTBüsm,tþi property Føak;éfø/ kar fall in prices, price decrease
insurance, ~ bEnßm additional insurance, eFVIkareBjem:ag v. work full-time
~ pøÚvsmuRT marine insurance, ~ elIeRKaH eFVIkarminekIt/ Edl unfit for work
fñak; accident insurance, ~ elICIvit life eFVIkarmineBjem:ag v. work part time
insurance, ~ elIPar³TTYlxusRtUv liability eFVIkarem:agbEnßm v. work overtime
insurance, ~ haniP½yRKb;RbePT all-risks eFVIEkøgkøay/ kar falsification
insurance, ~ haniP½ybgáedaysRgÁam war- eFVIcMNakRsuk rW cakRsuk BI¼eTA v. migrate
risk insurance, ~ eRKaHGKÁIP½y fire
from/to
insurance eFVItam ¬m> Rbtibtþitam¦ comply
eFVIviPaCn_ v. ¬m> élEck¦ allocate
Fanar:ab;rgdNþb;minsBV/ kar undercoverage eFVIskmµPaBrYmKña v. ¬edIm,IsMerceKaledAGVI
(insurance)
Fanar:ab;rgbnþ/ ¬kar¦ reinsurance mYy¦ act in concert
Fanik/ tMél ¬m> tMélTIpSar¦ eFVIGc©½yTanCaclnvtßú v. bequeath
Furkic© business eFVIeGaymansmPaB/ kar equalisation
FurCn businessman/woman eFVsRbEhs/ kar negligence, ~ F¶n;F¶r
gross negligence
146
nikmµCn ¬m> GñkGt;kareFVI¦ n. unemployed
n nikmµPaB ¬m> Gt;kareFV,I PaB¦ unemployment,
R)ak;]btßmÖcMeBaH ~ unemployment benefit,
nKrUbnIykmµ urbanisation, RksYgerobcM ~ tamrdUv seasonal unemployment
EdndI ~ nigsMNg; Ministry of Land nikçitP½NÐ deposit, ~ Fana guaranteed
Management, Urbanisation and
Construction (MLMUC) deposit
nBVnþ arithmetic, mFüm ~ arithmetic niekçb mortgage
mean niekçbKahk mortgagee
neya)ay/ kmµviFI ¬rbs;KNbkS¦ political nic©PaB perpetuity
platform (of a party)
niCatUbnIykmµ denationalization
neya)ayrUbiyvtßú monetary policy
nitüanukUlPaB legality
neya)aysareBIBn§ fiscal policy
niTNÐPaB impunity, vb,Fm’ ~ culture of
nrCati ¬m> mnusSCati¦ anthropology impunity
nantþþPaB ¬m> GtulüPaB¦ niTsSn_ prospect
namkrN_GaCIvkmµ business name niT§½n ¬m> kS½yFn¦ bankrupt
namb½NÑ business card niT§nPaB ¬m> PaBkS½yFn¦ bankruptcy
namvlI ¬matika¦ nomenclature ninñakar tendency, ~ fycuH downward
nayk director, GKÁ ~ director-general tendency, ~ ekIneLIg rising/upward
naykRkumh‘un chief executive tendency
naykRKb;RKg managing director ninñakar trend, ~ TIpSar market trend
naykrg deputy manager ninñakarneya)ay political affiliation
nayTun capitalist ninñivarN_ ¬m> h‘u¿B½TÐu/ kar¦
narsar messenger nibulniym Malthusianism
narakrN_/ TukCa v. abrogate nimitþsBaØasMKal;zan³ status symbol
navaPNÐ cargo nimitþehtu symptom
nikmµkalik temporary unemployment nimµabnkmµ ¬m> sßabtükmµ¦ architecture
nimµitkmµ policy formulation
147
niytkmµ regionalisation, normalisation nItirYm general regulations
niytkr regulator nItiviFI procedure, ~ eGayx©IR)ak; lending
niytPaB regularity procedures
niymmYyRKa²/ GVIEdleK fad nItiviFIRbtibtþikarsþg;dar standard operating

procedures
niyamkar ¬ry³TTwg/ ry³beNþay¦ nItism,Ta rehabilitation, KMerag ~
coordinates rehabilitation project
nieyaCk employer nItisarCati legal substance (French:
nieyaCit employee, EdlykcitþTukdak;eTA nature juridique)
elI ~ employee oriented nItüanukUl legal
nirnþrPaB continuity nItüanukUlkmµ/ eFVI v. legalise, authenticate
nirRbevsn_ ¬m> CncMNakRsuk¦ migrant nItüanukUlPaB legality
nivtþCn retiree nIrP½y ¬m> suvtßiPaB¦ safety
nivtþn_/ karcUl retirement nIhr½N export, ]btßmÖFn ~ export
nivasCn rW nivasnCn resident subsidy
nIhr½Nkmµ ¬m> naMecj/ kar¦
nivasdæan rW nivasndæan residence
nuy n. bait, eRbIluyCa ~ use money as a
nievTnb½NÑ manifest, manifesto bait
nisSnÞ/ ]bkrN_ derivative instrument ensaT/ kar fishery, fishing
(banking)
ensaTRtIhYsRbmaN/ kar overfishing
nisSnÞvtßú by-product
ensaTsmuRT marine fisheries
nisSarNkmµ extraction, ~ FüÚgfµ coal
extraction enAKrminTan;eFVI/ kargar backlog
niharin ¬m> naMecj/ Gñk¦ exporter naMcUl import, GaCJab½NÑ ~ import permit,
nItikmµ legislation Gñk ~ importer, Bn§ ~ import duty
nItikal ¬sPa¦ legislature (parliament) naMcUl¼naMecj edaypÞal;/ kar direct
nItibuKÁl legal entity/person import/export
naMecj export, GaCJab½NÑ ~ export licence,
nItiBn§ ¬m> GñkeFVIc,ab;¦
Bn§ ~ export duty, taragBn§ ~ export tariff,
nItirdæ rule of law
148
BaNiC¢kmµ ~ export trade begáIt/ kar creation, establishment
naMecj/ kar exportation or export, ~ pþac;mxu begáItR)ak;cMNUl/ skmµPaB income-
monopoly export, ~ Blkmµ export of generating activities
workers bgçMeGayTUTat; v. enforce payment
naMecj/ Gñk exporter, Rkumh‘unnaMecj bgçMeGayGnuvtþ/ dak; v. enforce
exporting firm bgÁrTuk v. accumulate, rMls; ~
naMecjbnþ/ kar re-exportation accumulated depreciation
naMmuxeK leading, GaMgDIkaT½r ~ leading bRgYbbRgYm v. unify, kar ~ unification
indicator bgViltMél/ kar ¬mYyqñaMKitmþgCakardwgKuN
naMmuxeKelITIpSar/ plitpl¼Rkumh‘un market dl;GtifiCn¦ rebate
leader
naMeGay v. prompt bgVilTun/ kar circulation of capital
bgVilvijTan;eBl timely return (of a
b cheque,...) ¬nUvmUlb,Tanb½Rt/>>>¦
bgVilsgR)ak;Bn§/ kar ¬Edl)anbg;elIs¦
bktikmµ ¬m> RbRktIPaBkmµ¦ remission of taxes
bkáPaB maturity bgVilsgvij/ Edlmin non-refundable
bkSRbqaMg opposition (party) bgVileGayvij v. relinquish
bg;Casac;R)ak;/ karsMu cash offer bgVwk/ kar coaching
bg;R)ak;FanaxøÜn v. bail out bEgVrépÞkñúg internal transfer
bg;R)ak;eBlbBa¢aTij cash with order bgðaj v. present
(CWO) begðIy/ kar completion
bgálkçN³gayRsYl v. facilitate
bgák freeze, kar ~ ebovtSr_ bg¥g;/ kar check, bg¥g;karnaMcUl put a
check on imports
¬mineGaycuHeLIg¦/ wage freeze bg¥ak;/ kMlaMg restraining force
bgáb; hidden, FnbMrug ~ hidden reserves bg¥ak;Twkcitþ/ eRKOg disincentive
bgáan;éd receipt bEg¥k/ mnÞIreBTü referral hospital
bgáarkMeNIt/ kar contraception
149
bc©½yrg side effect h‘un¦ downgrade
bec©keTs technique, ~ bRgYmsÞÜn double- bBa©úHéfø v. mark down
deflation technique, ~ GaMgDIkaT½reTal beBa©j v. release
single indicator technique beBa©jedImTun/ Gñk backer
bec©keTsBinitüvaytMél KMerag¼kmµviFI PERT bBa¢r counter, ~ lk;TMnij selling counter
(Programme Evaluation and Review
Techniques) bBa¢a order, b½NÑ¼kar bBa¢aTij purchase
bec©kviTüax<s;/ vis½y high-tech sector order
bec©kviTüa technology, ~ fñak;kNþal bBa¢ak; v. specify
intermediate technology, ~ TijBIeK bBa¢ak;/ FnaKar confirming bank
licensed technology, ~ EbbepSg bBa¢ak;xagxñg/ Kµan unendorsed
alternative technology, ~ B½t’man bBa¢ak;CaBaküeBCn_ articulate
information technology (IT), ~ B½t’man bBa¢ak;¼GHGag bEnßm v. corroborate
nigTUrKmnaKmn_ information and bBa¢ak;fa)anTTYl/ esckþI
communication technology (ICT) acknowledgement (of receipt)
bc©úb,nñPaB/ eFVI v. update bBa¢ak;faBit v. validate
bcäakal/ kñúg a posteriori bBa¢ak;éfø/kar confirmation of price
bcäaCn descendant bBa¢ak;nUvkarbBa¢aTij/ kar confirmation of
order
bBa©PaK ¬sßiti¦ quintile bBa¢aTij/ kar buying order
bBa©b; ¬kargar¦/ kar termination bBa¢aTijdMu bulk order
bBa©aM v. pawn bBa¢aTijEfmeTot/ kar ¬muxTMnijdEdl¦
bBa©Úl ¬Kña¦/ kar amalgamation repeat order
bBa©ÚlXøaMg put in warehouse, lay in stock bBa¢alk; selling order
bBa©ÚlCasaxa ¬Rkumh‘un¦/ kar absorption bBa¢I list
bBa©úuHtMélrUbiyvtßú/ kar devaluation bBa¢I n. register, ~ BaNiC¢kmµ commercial
bBa©úHKuNPaB/kar degradation register
bBa©úHtMél v. ¬]> kñúgkarBüakrN_tMélsnøwk bBa¢IexµA blacklist
150
bBa¢IKNenyü books of accounts bBaÄb; ¬GaCIvkmµ¦/ kar termination
bBa¢IeQµaHGñkkan;sBaØab½NÑrbs;Rkumh‘un bBaÄb;buKÁlik lay off
register of debenture bBaÄb;BIkargar v. dismiss, kar ~ dismissal
bBa¢Iéfølk; tariff bBaÄb;GaCIvkmµ/ kar cessation of business
bBa¢ITMnijdwkCBa¢Ún cargo list bBaÄr/kareFVIsmahrNkmµ vertical
bBa¢IbUkRtYt cumulated list integration (company)
bBa¢IR)ak;ecjcUl cash book (CB) bBaØtþi prescription
bBa¢IrayeQµaH directory bBaØtþi rW bTb,BaØtþi provision (law)
bBa¢Ievcx©b; packing list bBaØtþisgÁm social strictures
bBa¢IsareBIP½NÐeBlkS½yFn statement of beBaØI/ bgáan;édTTYlR)ak; deposit receipt
affairs beBaØI/ RbkasnIyb½Rt certificate of
bBa¢IsMnYr ¬sMrab;sMPasn_¦ questionnaire deposit
bBa¢I GñkdMeNIr¼TMnijdwkCBa¢Ún ¬tamynþehaH rW beBaØI/ R)ak; deposit, ~ crnþ demand
nava¦ manifest deposit, ~ snSM savings deposit
bBa¢Ún ¬sar¦/ kar transmission beBaØIcrnþ/R)ak; demand deposit
bBa¢Ún¼bBa¢ÚnTMnij v. dispatch, kar ~ n. bRBa¢ab v. mainstream
dispatch bRBa©as/ cuH contra-transfer
bBa¢ÚnRtLb; v. return, mUlb,Tanb½Rt ~ bBaðaRbQm challenge
returned cheque, TMnij ~ returns
bBaðasøab;rs; life or death issue
bBa¢ÚnTMnij forward goods v. bdikar reciprocity
bBa¢ÚnTMnij/ kar consignment, lixit ~ bdiekaslvic©½y counter valuation
consignment note
bBa¢ÚnTMnij/ Gñk consignor bdiKÁahk donee
bBa¢ÚnTMnijCabeNþIr²/ kar instalment bdiduløarUbnIykmµ de-dollarisation
shipment bdiniy½tkmµ/ eFVI v. deregulate
bBaÄb; ¬buKÁlik¦ discharge bdiPaK counterpart, ~ bdiPaK contra account
bBaÄb;/ KNnI blocked account bdiPaKI counter party
151
bdirUb specimen beNþaHGasnñ temporary, interim,
bdilaP ¬m> cMNUl¦ income b½NÑFanar:ab;rg ~ temporary cover,
bdivtþn_ébtg green revolution rdæaPi)al ~ interim government
bdivaTkmµ contradiction bNÐit/fñak; Ph.D. degree
bdiesF/ kar refusal, ~ karTTYlRBm b½NÑkmµsiT§i title deed, ~ dI land title
refusal of acceptance b½NÑkmµsiT§iykCakarmin)an bad title
bdiesFbgÁab;munecal n. countermand b½NÑkargar labour card
bdiesF)an/ minGac irrevocable, b½NÑcMNay voucher, ~ ebLa cash
sar\NTan ~ irrevocable letter of credit voucher or petty-cash voucher, ~
bdiesFelxna cancel an entry mUlb,Tanb½Rt cheque voucher
(accounting) b½NÑCMBak;R)ak; promissory note
bznP½NÐ apparatus b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij bill of lading (B/L)
bzm primary, tMrUvkar ~ primary need b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas air bill of lading,
bNþak;Tun/ kar ¬m> vinieyaK¦ investment airway bill, air-consignment note
bNþaj grid b½NÑdwkCBa¢Únminl¥ foul bill of lading
bNþaj network, grid, ~ GKÁIsnI power b½NÑtMNagR)ak; voucher
grid/network b½NÑRtYtBinitürbs;Ky clearance
bNþaleGay v. cause, prompt certificate
bNþwg rW BakübNþwg complaint b½NÑTTYlTMnij delivery receipt
bNþwgvivaT litigation b½NÑTTYlRBmedayFnaKar bank
bNþwgsaFarN³ prosecution acceptance
bNþúM set ( a set of goals) b½NÑFanaKuNPaB certificate of guarantee

bNþúHbNþal/ kar training, ~ P¢ab;nwgkargar b½NÑFanar:ab;rgbeNþaHGasnñ temporary
cover (insurance)
on-the job training, ~ dac;BIkargar ¬]> b½NÑFanar:ab;rgelIhaniP½yRKb;RbePT full
enAmhaviTüal½y¦ off-the job training cover (insurance)
bNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIIv³/ kar vocational b½NÑbBa¢aTij order form/slip
training b½NÑbBa¢aTijmin)anGnuvtþ unfilled orders
152
b½NÑbBa¢aeGayRbKl;TMnij delivery order ordinance
b½NÑbþÚrR)ak; letter of exchange bTbBa¢aépÞkñúg by-laws (see also articles

of association), internal rules
b½NÑpÞúkTMnijRtwmRtUv ¬KµankMNt;RtaBITMnij bTBiesaFn_ experience
xus¼xUceT¦ clean bill of lading bTmCÄwm ¬kMritTabCagbT]Rkidæ¦
b½NÑpÞúkTMnijnava bill of lading (B/L) misdemeanour
b½NÑrtnaKar treasury bond bTelµIs offence
b½NÑsgR)ak; acquittance roll bTelµIsc,ab;Ky customs breach
b½NÑsnüaFanar:ab;rgmankalkMNt; time bTelµIsRBhµT½NÐ crime
policy bTsMPasn_ n. interview, ~ Bak;kNþal
b½NÑsnüar:ab;rg insurance policy erobry semi-structured interview
b½NÑ snüasg¼CMBak;R)ak; promissory note bT]Rkidæ felony
b½NÑsresrepJIR)ak; deposit slip bnþ/ dMNak;kalCa succeeding stage
b½NÑsac;R)ak; cash card bnþBUC/ énkar adj. reproductive, suxPaB
b½NÑsMeNA\NTan credit slip bnþBUC reproductive health
b½NÑGnuBaØat warrant bnþeBl ¬eGay¦/ kar extension
b½NÑ\NTan credit card bnþrhUt rW bnþCab; adj. continuous
bNÑaFikar manager, ~ rg undermanager bnþevn/ Gñk successor
bt;Ebn)an/Edl flexible bnþeLIgvijnUvkarnaMecj/ kar ¬eRkay)anp¥ak
btüab½n extradition mYyry³¦ resumption of exports
bTdæan norm bnþGaCJab½NÑ v. renew a licence
bTENnaMsþIBIebovtSr_nigéfø directives on bnßy ¬éfø/ Bn§¦ n. abate, kar ~ abatement
wages and prices
bTbgðaj presentation bnßydl;kMritGb,brma v. minimise
bTb,BaØtiTUeTA general provisions bnßyfvikabnþicmþg² v. pare the budget
bTbBa¢a instruction, regulations, ~ épÞkñúg bnßyéfø/ kar ¬cMeBaHGtifiCnEdlTijeRcIn¦
rebate
internal regulations
bTbBa¢a RbtisiT§iCn¼Gñksñgkar trustee
bEnßm additional, supplementary,
153
buBVlaP ~ additional premium bmaNnIykmµ ¬m> sþg;darUbnIykmµ¦
bEnßm/ GVIEdl addendum, c,ab;sþIBIc,ab; standardisation
bEnßm law on addendum bmaNPaK ¬m> kUta¦ quota

bnÞan; urgent, immediate, kñúgkrNI ~ in bmaNIykrN_/eFVI ¬m> bBa¢ak;¼GHGag bEnßm¦
corroborate
case of emergency, tMrUvkar ~ urgent bmanIyKuNPaB rW sþg;darKuNPaB quality
need, TisedA ~ immediate objective standard
bnÞab;bnSM secondary, incidental, minor, breTs foreign, RTBüGkmµ ~ foreign
tMrUvkar ~ secondary need liabilities (bank), RTBüskmµ ~ suT§ net
bnÞúk burden,~ Psþútag burden of proof, foreign assets
brmti paradox
~ Bn§ tax burden
braC½y/ TTYl v. founder
bnÞúkcMNay ¬rW bnÞúk¦ charge, cost,
brikb, speculation, ~ esdækic© economic
~ cMeBaH GñkeRbIR)as; user costs, ~ Fana
speculation
r:ab;rgsgÁm social-insurance cost, brikarN_ ¬m> bribT¦ context
~ Rbtibtþikar operational costs, ~ m:ahSúI brikçarFunF¶n; heavy equipment
Nal; marginal cost, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial briBaØab½Rt/ fñak; bachelor's degree
charge/cost
britpþ rNa deflation, KMlat ~ deflationary
bnÞúkBn§ tax burden
gap, snÞsSn_ ~ deflator, eFVI ~ esdækic©
bnÞúkBn§fycuHTabbMput/ kareFVIeGay tax deflate the economy
minimisation
briFan apparatus, instrument
bnÞúksgÁm social cost
bribT/ brikarN_ context
bn§Úr v. ¬sMBaF¦ release
bri)al boss, patron
bnøM/ Gñk ¬]> Bn§¦ defrauder
briplitkmµ overproduction
bnSay ¬]> ]sµ½nBul¦ emission
brimaN quantity, viFIsaRsþviPaKtamEbb ~
bnSúT§ v. purify quantitative method
bnSúI ¬Kña¦ v. catalyse brimaNTMnijnaMecj ¬rW naMcUl¦ volume of
bnSúI v. reconcile exports (or imports)
154
briyaTan cost kaysm,Ta mental/physical incapacity
briyaTanpÞal; direct cost )at;bg;GñkmanCMnaj/ kar brain drain
briyab½nñ/ Ca ¬m> rab;bBa©Úl/ Edl¦ inclusive )at;bg;ÉkÉg ¬edayFmµCati¦ natural loss
briyayb½NÑ prospectus )atuPaBdIFøI land dispute, KN³kmµkaredaH
brilaP ¬m> R)ak;bMNac;muxtMENg¦ Rsay ~ land dispute settlement
emolument committee
brivcäkarI ¬m> CMnYykar¦ assistant )atuPUteRKaHfñak;manlkçN³CaRbB½n§
brivsi kmµmlU b½Rt subscribing to securities systematic-risk phenomenon
brisßan environment, plb:HBal; ~ )anKitbEnßm accrued, cMnUl¼cMnay karR)ak;

~ accrued interest income/expense
environmental impact, kic©karBar ~ )anbg;Bn§/ Edl duty paid, TMnij)anbg;Bn§
environmental protection, snþisux ~ duty-paid goods
environment security, karemIlcMNuc )a:n;sµan v. estimate, R)ak;cMeNj ~
sMxan;kñúg ~ environment scan estimated profit
)a:n;sµansamBaØminlMeGog/ kar simple
brisßanrUbvnþ physical environment unbiased estimate
brihaekrþ×/ karsresr libel ):ar:aEm:Rt parameter
bhar½k drawer bidæielx ¬m> cMNarxñg¦ endorsement
bharit drawee bidæielx/ GñkeFVI ¬m> carxñg ¬Éksar¦/ Gñk¦
)ak;Twkcitþ/ Blkr discouraged worker endorser
)ak;Ebk/ GIva:n; ¬minrab;CaRTBüskmµeTenA biTKNnI v. close an account
eBleFVIsareBIP½NÐ¦ breakages biTCit/ esdækic© ¬rdæRtYtRtatwgruwgelIBaNiC¢kmµ
)ak;EbksgÁm/ PaB social polarisation nighirBaØvtßú¦ closed economy
)a:tg;/ b½NÑ patent licence biTbBa¢I/ kar closing the books
)a:tg;/ Bn§ business licence tax buKÁl person, individual, karFanar:ab;rg ~
)at;edayKµankarBnül; adj. unaccounted for individual insurance, , rUbvnþ ~
)at;bg;/ kar loss physical/natural person, nIti ~ legal

person/entity
)at;bg;smtßPaB/ kar incapacity, ~ xag bBaØa¼
155
buKÁlik personnel, staff, GtßRbeyaCn_pþl; precondition
eGay ~ personnel benefits buervinicä½y prejudice

buKÁlik ¬rdæ¦ Cab;kic©snüa contract (public) buersm,Tan/ sareBIP½NÐ pre-concession
inventory
employee
buKÁlikkariyal½y office personnel, buersI ¬m> Gñkrukrk Er:>>>¦ prospector
white-collar worker bunnIhr½N re-export
buKÁlikeRcInhYs/ Edlman overstaffed bunnIhr½Nkmµ re-exportation
buKÁlikrdæ government employee bUksrubKNnI v. balance an account
buKÁliklkçN³ ¬KYrkt;sMKal;¦ personality bUrNPaBEdndI territorial integrity
buRtsm<½n§ ¬Rkumh‘unemkan;kab;h‘unCag 50°¦ ebIkRkumh‘unfµIedaylk;snøwkh‘unrbs;Rkumh‘unenaH/
subsidiary (company) karcab;epIþm flotation of a new company
bunvnkar ¬m> kardaMéRBeQIeLIgvij¦ ebIkcMh ¬eq<aHeTAxageRkA¦/ RbeTs
reforestation
outward-looking country
bunsmahrNkmµxagsgÁmkic© social ebIkTUlayvis½yBaNiC¢kmµ open the trade
reintegration
sector
bunhirBaØb,Tan refinancing (loan) ebIkpþl;R)ak;/ kar disbursement, KNnIray
buBVCn ancestor mux ~ disbursement account, kalviPaK
buBVlkçxNÐ prerequisite ebIkpþl;R)ak; disbursement schedule
buBVlaP premium, bonus, ~ Fanar:ab;rg ebovtSr_ salary, wage, pay, kMcIelI ~ ¬RtUvTar
insurance premium, ~ bEnßm additional
premium
mkvij¦ salary loan, snÞsSn_ ~ salary index
buBVsiT§i privilege (special right) ~ cab;epþImbMerIkar starting salary
buerRbTan ¬R)ak;ebIkeGaymun¦ advance, R)ak; ebovtSr_/ bBa¢I¼tarag payroll

~ advance money, ~ edaymanvtßúFana ebovtSr_/ GñkeFVIkaryk wage-earner
advance on securities, ~ sMGagelIÉksar eb bale (of cloth, cotton ... )
advance on documents ebtikP½NÐ patrimony, ~ Cati national
bursRsþI/ tYnaTI ¬m> eynD½r¦ gender patrimony/heritage
buer pre-, ~ GgÁr pre-Angkor, ~ lkçxNÐ ebskkmµ mission, lixitbBa¢a ~ mission
156
letter, esckþIRbkas ~ mission statement, holder, smaPaK ~ debt ratio, ~ Cati
~ BinitüeLIgvij review mission, ~ elIk national debt, ~ man¼Kµan dak;RTBüFana
mti formulation mission, ~ EsVgrkkarBit secured/unsecured debt, ~ Tarmin)an
fact-finding mission irrecoverable debt, ~ Bi)akTar¼GaRkk;
ebLa petty-cash fund bad debt, ~ sgS½y doubtful debt
ebLakr/ ebLaFikar cashier, teller (in a bMNul liability
bank)
EbgEckR)ak;cMeNj/ kar profit sharing bMNuledaHdUrnwgFmµCati debt-for-nature
swaps
EbgEck v. divide, apportion, distribute, bMNulyWty:avminTan;sg arrears
kar ~ Blkmµ division of labour, R)ak; bMENgEck apportionment
cMeNjmin ~ undivided profits bMEbkray/ düaRkam dispersion diagram
EbgEckKuNPaB/ kar grading bMEbkGgÁpSM/ kar disaggregation
EbgEckPaKh‘un/ kar allotment of shares bMe)a:g inflate, éfø ~ inflated price
EbgEckeLIgvij/ kar redistribution bMEbøg/ kar transformation (products ...)
EbbbT formalities, bMeBj ~ fulfil bMpuskarPJak;rlwk v. sensitise
formalities
EbbbT manner bMpusTwkcitþ v. motivate
EbbbTniym red tape bMBan v. contravene
EbbbTénkarvinieyaK modality of bMBanelInItiviFI/ kar abuse of process
investment bMBul/ kar pollution, ~ xül; air pollution
EbbbTRbtibtþikar modus operandi bMeBjxat/ R)ak; subsidy, subvention
EbbbTpþl;hirBaØb,Tan financing bMeBjTMrg;EbbbT fill in a form
modalities
bMeBjEbbbTKy ¬edIm,InaMcUl rW naMecjTMnij¦
bMNg intention clear goods through customs
bMNgGaRkk; ill-will bMeBjeLIgvij v. replenish
bMNinCIvit life skill bMeBjeGayKñµaeTAvijeTAmk/ Edl
bMNul debt, kUn ~ debtor, em ~ debt complementary
bMPan;/ Edl fallacious
157
bMPitbMP½y v. intimidate e)aHbg;ecalkic©snüa/ kar ignore the
bMPøI clarify contract, avoidance of contract
bMrugxVH/ R)ak; deficient reserves e)aHbg;Parkic©/ kar dereliction of duty

bMrugTuk reserved, éRB ~ reserved forest e)aHR)ak;kak; v. coin (make coins out of
metal)
bMerIGaCIBeGayxøÜnÉg/ Cn self-employed e)aHpSay/ rUbiyvtßú currency issued
people
bMErbMrYl n. variation e)aHpSay/ kar ¬RkdasR)ak;¦issuance
bMlas;esdækic© ¬BiessBIrcnasm<½n§eyaFamk e)aHBum<pSay v. publish
rcnasm<½n§esdækic©minEmneyaFa¦ economic bþwg TamTarRTBübBa©aM¼TamTarniekçbRTBü¼
conversion GMNUs foreclose v. the mortgage
b:HTgÁic/ kar shock, kar ~ xagkargar bþwg v. sue
employment shock, kar ~ xaghirBaØvtßú bþwgecaTRbkan;/kar prosecution
financial shocks bþwgtv:a/ Gñk complainant
b:Hb:Uv/ kar compensation bþwgtampøÚvtulakarcMeBaH v. take legal
b:Hb:Uvvij v. offset action against
e)aHeqñat/ kar vote, poll, ~ sMEdgkarTukcitþ ebþCJa/ kar ¬karsnüadac;Nat;¦ commitment
vote of confidence bþÚr/ kar conversion, GRta ~ conversion
e)aHeqñatedayelIkéd/ kar show of hands price/rate
e)aHeqñatsaCafµI/ kar re-election bþÚr¼lk; ykR)ak; ¬]> sBaØab½NÑ¦ redeem
e)aHeqñateLIgvij/ kar by-election ( to bþÚrevnkargar/ kar job rotation
replace an elected official who has
died or resigned)
RbkarFanaTUTat; del credere clause
e)aHeqñateGayKNbkSepSg/ kar ¬eRkABI Rbkas \NBn§¼\NTan debit/credit advice
KNbkSxøÜn¦ cross-voting Rbkas/ kar¼esckþI declaration,
proclamation
e)aHRtabiT v. seal RbkasCa saFarN³¼pøÚvkar BI cMeNj¼kMhat
e)aHbg; v. abandon, relinquish post a profit/loss
e)aHbg;/ kar abandonment, ~ muxCMnYj ¬GVI Rbkas¼RbtievTn_/ tMél)an declared value
mYy¦ abandonment of a trade Rbkaséfø/ kar quotation, ~ snøwkh‘un share
158
quotation kar ~ delivery, karmin ~ non-delivery
RbkasFnaKar bank statement RbKl;eGay/ kar ¬]>kat;eGayeTAm©as;bMNul¦
RbkasnIyb½Rt¼)a:tg; ¬GnuBaØat[RbkbGaCIvkmµ¦ cession
patent RbKl;kic©snüaeGay award a contract
RbkaspSay rW RbkaspSayCasaFarN³ v. RbKl;TMnijxVH/ kar short delivery
publish
RbkasB½t’man press release RbKl;TMnijRbKl;R)ak; cash on delivery
(COD)
RbkYt/ kar contest RbKl;R)ak;eBl)anTTYlÉksar cash against
RbkYtRbECgRtwmRtUv/ eKalkarN_ principle document (CAD)
of fair competition RbcaMEx monthly, cMNUl ~ monthly
RbkYtRbECg v. compete income
RbkYtRbECg/ kar competition, ~ esrI free RbcaMqñaM annual, KMeragfvika ~ annual
competition, pSar ~ competitive budget
market, éfø ~ competitive price

RbcaMRtImas quarterly adj. & adv.
RbkYtRbECg/ PaB competitiveness RbcaMéf¶ daily, cMnUllk; ~ daily sales
return
RbEkkdac;Ghgáar/ kar flat denial RbqaMg anti, mInRbqaMgmnusS anti-
RbRktI/ PaBmin ¬mankMhus¦ irregularities personnel mine
(mistakes) RbqaMg rW CMTas; opposition
RbRktI/ min irregular RbqaMgnwgkarlk;bgçÚcéfø anti-dumping, Bn§ ~
RbRktIPaBkmµ normalisation anti-dumping duty
ERbRkLas;)an/ minGac adj. irreversible
RbCaCn population, eKalneya)ay ~
ERbRkLas;)an/ Gac adj. reversible population policy
RbKl; v. deliver, ~ enAkEnøg)anbg;Bn§ehIy RbCaCneRcInhYs overpopulation
delivered at duty paid, ~ enARBMEdn RbCaCnedIm indigenous people
delivered at frontier, ~ TMnijeBlmankar RbCaCnminEmnGñkTIRkug non-urban
TUTat; delivery against payment, ~ TMnij population
tamdMNak;kal delivery by instalments, RbCaCnsamBaØ ordinary people,
grassroots
159
RbCaCati nation Rbtibtþikar ¬CMnYj¦ transaction
RbCanuvDÆn_ democratisation RbtibtþikarelIrUbiyvtßú currency operation
RbCaFibetyüPavUbnIykmµ democratisation RbtibtþikarKitCa luy¼rUbiyvtßú monetary
RbCaPiftik³ ¬m> GñkbeBa©cI raRsþ¦ demagogue transaction
RbECg/ Gñk ¬éfø/ TIpSar>>¦ competitor Rbtibtþitam v. comply, kar ~

compliance, karmin ~ non-compliance
RbECgtamKMrUl¥/ kar emulation
RbCMu/kar meeting RbtiPUkmµGMNac delegation of power
Rbdab;Rbdar tool, ~ eRbIR)as;kñúgpÞH RbtiPUkmµGMNac/ eFVI v. delegate power
¬BiesspÞH)ay¦ utensil Rbtimti paradox
RbDit/ cMeNj imaginary profit RbtievTn_ declaration, ~ Ky customs
declaration
RbNit luxury, TMnij ~ luxury goods, Rbtiskmµ retroactive, \T§iBl ~ retroactive
BaNiC¢kmµvtßú ~ luxury trade effect
RbtiRkanþelxna/ eFVI reverse an entry, RbtisiT§iCn trustee (one to whom a right
contra-transfer has been assigned by will, gift...
RbtiXat repercussion (of an incident) French: ayant cause)
RbtiRsut authorised, recognised, licensed,
RbtiTin calendar, time schedule, qñaM ~
calendar year FnaKar ~ authorised bank, buKÁl ~
Rbtibdivtþn_ counter-revolution authorised person
RbtiGaNtþi/ ecj n. countermand
Rbtibtþi adj. executive, nayk ~
RbfuyRbfan v. risk, take risk, PaB ~ n.
executive director, KN³kmµaFikar ~
risk
executive committee
RbQmmuxKña/ kar confrontation, karRbCMu ~
Rbtibtþi/ dak;eGay v. enforce, Gacdak; confrontation meeting
eGay¼mantMél ~ enforceable, kardak; RbeTslUtlas;ticCageK least developed
eGay ~ enforcement countrries (LDCs)
Rbtibtþikr operator RbeTsGn;fy underdeveloped countries
Rbtibtþikar operation, ~ Fanar:ab;rg RbeTsGnaPivDÆn_ underdeveloped
insurance operation countries
160
RbTaMgRbeTIsépÞkñúg/ Edl paradoxically RbB½n§sareBIP½NÐnirnþn_ perpetual inventory
RbFan chairman, ~ GgÁRbCMu chairman of system
the meeting RbB½n§sV½yBRgwg self-reinforcing system
RbFanskþi force majeure, act of God RbBlkmµ rW RbBlvb,kmµ/ intensification,
RbFansþITI acting chairman/chairwoman ~ ksikmµ agricultural intensification
RbB½n§/ Ca systematic, karcuHbBa¢IdIFøI ~ RbBlkmµedImTun ¬EdleRbITun¼m:asIun eRcIn¦
systematic land registration capital intensive
RbB½n§/ bTBiesaFn_manlkçN³Ca structured RbéBNI/ Ca adj. traditional, rebobrs;enA ~
experience traditional way of life
RbB½n§kat;R)ak;dak;shCIBedaynieyaCk RbRBwtþxus v. act wrongly, infringe
checkoff RbRBwtþi ¬xøÜn¦/ kar conduct
RbB½n§éføBIr dual price system RbRBwtþikmµ n. treatment
RbB½n§TUTat; payment systems RbPBedIm origin, viBaØabnb½Rt ~ certificate
RbB½n§TUTat;bNþak; instalment system of origin, RbeTs ~ country of origin
RbB½n§nIykmµ systematise RbePT type, category
RbB½n§bþÚrR)ak;tamsþg;darmas gold-standard RbePTesÞIrputBUC endangered species
system
RbB½n§Rbtibtþikar operative system RbmaN approximately
RbB½n§pSBVpSay ¬B½t’man¦ mass media Rbmaftulakar/ kar contempt of court
RbB½n§Bn§kat;TukelIR)ak;ebovtSr_ pay as you RbmUl/ kar collection, ~ bMNul debit
earn (PAYE) collection
RbB½n§Bn§fycuH ¬fyGRtaBn§enAeBlcMNUl RbmUl/ Gñk collector, ~ Bn§ tax collector,
ekIneLIg¦ regressive tax system ~ R)ak; money collector, ~ Tijplitpl
RbB½n§Bn§smamaRt proportional tax ksikmµ farm produce collector

system RbmUl ¬Tar¦ min)an/ Edl irrecoverable
RbB½n§erobcMÉksar filing system RbmUlmkvij/ kar recovery (debt)
RbB½n§smamaRt ¬e)aHeqñat¦ system of RbmUlmkvij/ EdlGac recoverable (debt)
proportional representation
RbmUlR)ak; collect money, Pñak;gar¼FnaKar
161
~ collecting agent/bank, esah‘uyCYy ~ RbesIr/ eFVIeGay v. upgrade
collecting charge RbesIrbMput/ karélEck optimal allocation
RbmUlR)ak;eRkay)anTTYlÉksar/ kar RbesIreLIg/ kareFVIeGay amelioration
documentary collection
RbmUlpMúþ v. gather R)aRs½yTak;Tg/ kar communication
RbmUlpþMú/ kar concentration, ~ dIFøI land RbEhl approximately
concentration RbEhsePøcPøaMg/ kar oversight
RbmUlpþúM/ tYelx n. aggregate RbeLaH range, ~ éfø price range, ~
RbmUlB½tm’ an v. collect information, take ¬cMgay¦emIleXIj range of vision
up references, ~ mkBinitüeRbobeFob collate R)akdkñúgcitþ/ PaB assurance
RbmUlvij salvage R)akdniym realism
RbmUlÉksar/kar documentary collection R)ak; ¬rUbiyvtßú¦ money
RbemIleXIj/ min)an unforeseen R)ak; edIm¼BUC seed money
RbemIlemIlGnaKt/ kar outlook R)ak;kk; down payment/deposit
RblgRbECg/ kar competitive R)ak;kas/ Tak;Tgnwg pecuniary, ehtupl
examination
xagluykak; pecuniary motives
Rbvtþi background, record, ~ eCaKC½y¼
R)ak;kMér wage, pay, kargarsuI ~ wage
braC½y track record work
RbvtþisaRsþ/ CMhanmanGtßn½yCa historical R)ak;Ex salary, ~ minTan;bg; back pay
steps
R)ak;x©ImanR)ak;karx<s; dear money
Rbevsn_/ Psþútag admissible evidence
R)ak;gab; rW R)ak;minykeTAeFVIkarrksIu dead
RbsiT§PaB efficiency, éf¶ ~ effective date money
RbsiT§PaBcMNay/ Edlman cost-effective R)ak;cMNUl income, proceeds, ~ suT§ net
RbsiT§PaBfamBl energy efficiency income/proceeds
RbsiT§PaB/ eFVIeGayrwtEtman v. rationalize R)ak;cMNUld¾sþÜcesþIg pittance
RbsUtki mµ/ GRta ¬m> kMeNIt/GRta¦ birth rate R)ak;cMNUleRkaykat;Bn§ take home pay
RbesIr ¬bMput¦/ eFVIeGay)an optimize R)ak;cMeNj profit, ~ suT§ net profit, ~
rkSaTuk retained earnings
162
R)ak;QñÜl ¬Blkr¦ wage payment, golden handshake
R)ak;QñÜl ¬GclnRTBü nigclnRTBü¦ rental R)ak;bMNac;muxtMENg emolument

R)ak;QñÜl ¬sMxan; GclnRTBü¦ rent R)ak;bMNac;sMrab;nisSit student stipends
R)afñad¾elIslub/ kar ¬m> mhicäta¦ ambition R)ak;bMrug)anx©I ¬EdlFnaKarnana)anx©IBI
R)ak;TUTat;ecj ¬]> edayRkumh‘unFanara:b;r:g¦ FnaKarkNþal¦ borrowed reserves
payout R)ak;bMrugelIs excess reserve(s)
R)ak;Fana bail cover R)ak;pþl;bEnßmsMrab;kargarmaneRKaHfñak;
R)ak;bg;CYyRkumh‘unNamYy ¬]> BIrdæaPi)al¦ danger money
n. payout R)ak;Bin½y forfeit money
R)ak;bg;dl;éd prompt cash R)ak;ruWERtt ¬m> esaFnnivtþn_¦ pension
R)ak;bg;dMbUg down payment R)ak;elIsxVH ¬bnþicbnþÜckñúgebLa¦ cash over
R)ak;bg;TaMgdul lump-sum and short
R)ak;bg;pþac; payoff R)ak;viPaCn_ financial appropriation

R)ak;bEnßm bonus, ~ sMrab;RTRTg;CIvPaB cost R)ak;viPaCn_sgÁm social welfare/security
of living bonus R)ak;sKuN gratuity, honorarium
R)ak;beBaØI deposit, ~ mankalkMNt; fixed R)ak;snüaeGay pledge
deposit R)ak;snSMtamTMlab; traditional savings
R)ak;beBaØIkMBugepÞr deposit in transit R)ak;sMNgRbcaMqñaM annuity
R)ak;beBaØIcrnþ call deposit R)ak;Gab; change, change fund
R)ak;beBaØI;enAFnaKar bank deposit R)ak;]btßmÖ benefit, ~ éføBüa)al medical
R)ak;beBaØImankalkMNt; time deposit, fixed benefit
deposit, KNnI ~ time deposit account R)ak;]btßmÖ ¬BIbþIeTARbBn§ rW BIRbBn§eTAbþI
R)ak;beBaØIGacebIk)antamsMeNI ¬min)ac;R)ab; eRkayeBlElgKña¦ alimony
FnaKarCamun¦ sight deposit R)ak;]btßmÖRKYsar family allowance(s)
R)ak;buerRbTan ¬R)ak;ebIkmun¦ cash advance R)ak;]btßmÖeBlQW sick pay
R)ak;bMNac; remuneration R)atiePaK ¬m> rbs;Fana¦ security
R)ak;bMNac;eBlQb;eFVIkar severance R)atiePaKbMNul ¬vtßúdak;FanabMNul¦ lien
163
R)afñad¾elIslub/ kar ambition accounting
RbwgERbgKµan)anpl/ kar unavailing efforts bøg;cMbg grand plan

RbugRby½tñ/ viFankar prudential measure bøg;eRcIndMNak; multi-stage design, ~
RbU)ab‘ÍlIet probability minsamBaØ complex multi-stage design
eRbIR)as; v. consume, TMnij ~ consumer bøg;sMbuRt layout of letter
goods, GñkeRbIR)as; consumer
bøg;sV½yTMgn; self-weighting design
eRbIR)as;/ kar consumption, ~ kñúgRsuk bøúk block
domestic consumption
eRbIR)as;)an/ EdlminGac unusable,
unserviceable
p
eRbIGs;/ kar depletion pl proceeds
eRbgkat petroleum pl elIs¼elIsBItMrUvkar surplus
eRbgeqA crude oil pl/ EdlKµan)an unremunerative
eRbg\n§n³ petroleum, kic©RBmeRBogsþIBI pl/ Edlman adj. pragmatic
snþisux ~ petroleum security agreement plEck n. quotient
eRbv:aLg;¼PaBCaTUeTA prevalence plcMeNjkñúgcMnYny:ageRcIn healthy profit
eRbsit¼ebskCnBiess envoy plcMeNjÉktabEnßm ¬kñúgkMeNInmYyÉkta
ERbRbYl adj. variable plitpl¦ marginal benefit
ERbRbYl/ kar variation plTun income
ERbRbYlxusPaBedIm/ kar distortion plTunkñúgRsuk domestic income (DI)
éRb/ karERbCa ¬]> dIéRb¦ salination or plTunCati national income
salinisation plTunCatisrub ¬m> plitplCatisrub¦ gross
bøg; n. plan, design, ~ KMrUtag sample national product (GNP), ~Bit real GNP
design, ~ GaCIvkmµsµúKsµaj complex
business plan
plTunCatisuT§ net national product
bøg;kEnøg ¬rcna¼erobcM¦ layout plb:HBal; impact, ~ xagesdækic©
bøg;KNenyüTUeTA chart of general economic impact, ~ xagsgÁmkic© social
impact
164
plb:HBal;bnÞab;bnSM trickle-down effect, commodities
side effect plitpl product, ExS ~ ¬plitplRbhak;
plbUk sum RbEhlKñamYyExS¦ product line/range,
plRbeyaCn_ interest, ~ cak;b£s vested cMnYnmux ~ product breadth, Fun ~ ¬kñúgExS
interest plitpl¦ product depth, l,ay ~
plRbeyaCn_esµIKña equality benefit ¬plitplTaMgGs;Edldak;lk; rW pliteday
plRbeyaCn_ÉktabEnßßm marginal utility shRKasNamYy¦ product mix
plrbr turn over, sales plitplkaksMNl; scrap product
plry³eBlxøI short-term payoff plitplkñgú Rsuk domestic product, ~ srub
plelIs)andl;plitkr producer surplus ¬pss¦ gross domestic product (GDP)
plvi)ak bad consequence, plitplCati national product, ~ srub
disadvantage, inconvenience
gross national product (GNP)
plsMerc end result plitplbnÞab;bnSM by-product
plGaCIvkmµ ¬m> plrbr¦ turnover plitplbrisßanCati eco-national product
plitkmµµ production, KNnI ~ production (ENP)
accounts, cMNay ~ production cost, plitplRbNitfáúMefáIg prestige product
ExSsgVak; ~ production line, RbB½n§ ~ plitplsgÁm social product
production system, kic©snüaEbgEck ~ plitplsMerc final product/goods,
production-sharing contract (PSC), ~ finished products/goods
CIvRBwtþi subsistence production, ~ es,óg plitples,óg food products/stuffs
CalkçN³RKYsar family food production plitPaB productivity, smaPaK ~
plitkr producer productive ratio, ~ énBlkmµ labour
plitkñúgRsuk locally made productivity, ~ énTun capital productivity
plitRTg;RTayFM/ kar mass production plitPaB/ man adj. productive, RTBüskmµ
plitenApÞH homemade ~ productive assets
plitpl commodity, KNnI ~ commodity plitminRKb;RKan;/ kar underproduction

accounts, ~ ksikmµCamUldæan basic
pss ¬plitplkñúgRsuksrub¦ GDP (gross
domestic product)
165
pak¼pakBin½y/ R)ak; fine pÁt;pÁg;rUbiyvtßú/ kar money supply
pat;ecj v. deduct, kar ~ deduction pÁt;pÁg;saFarN³/ kar utilities
pakBin½y/ kar fine ep¢ak v. saturate
pat;rMls;/eRkay)an after deducting epJI v. dispatch
depreciation epJIRtLb;vij v. send back
pasukPaB comfort epJITuk/ kar ¬dak;TMnijeGayGñkepSgkan;kab;
putkMNt;énkic©snüa/ kar expiration of a EtGñkenaHBMuEmnCam©as;kmµsiT§ieT¦ bailment
contract
Epnkar n. plan, ~ vinieyaK investment epJIeTAbuKÁlCaeRcIn/ Edl circular, b½NÑ\NTan
plan, GñkeFVI ~ planner epJeI TARKb;saxa ¬énFnaKarEdlecjva¦ circular
letter of credit
Epnkar/ kareFVI¼ksag planning epJIeTARbmUlR)ak; v. send for collection
Epnkarkmµ ¬m> eFVIEpnkar/ kar¦ planning epJIR)ak; v. deposit money (in a bank),
EpnkareKal master plan b½NÑsresr ~ deposit slip
EpnkarcMNUlcMNaysac;R)ak; cash budget epJIR)ak;/ Gñk depositor
EpnkarTukGnuvtþCayfaehtu contingency epJIR)ak;ecj/ kar remittance
plan
EpnkaryuT§saRsþsMrab;RTRTg;vis½yGb;rM epJIlk; sale or return (the retailer pays
Education Sector Support Programme only for the sold goods and returns the
(ESSP) remaining to the wholesaler)
Epnkarlk; ¬tYelx¦ sales target pþl;CMnYy/ Gñk donor
EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©-sgÁmkic© Socio- pþl;Tun finance v.
Economic Development programme pþl;nigtMrUvkar/ kar offer and demand
(SEDP)
pþl;nUvkarR)ak; v. bear interest
EpnkarI n. planner
pþl;eyabl;/ Edl advisory, muxgarpþl;
EppÞúkTMnij loading/lading port
eyabl; advisory function
pÁt;pÁg;/ kar¼sMPar³ supply, GñkpÁt;pÁg;
supplier
pþl;rgVan;eGay v. award
pÁt;pÁg;nigtMrUvkar/ kar supply and demand pþl;sc©ab½n/ kar ratification
pþl;saeLIgvij ¬\NTan¦ v. roll over
166
pþl;siT§i v. give right, entitle epÞr v. transfer, lixit ~ transfer deed, R)ak;
pþl;siT§iGMNac v. empower, mandate ~ TUTat; transfer payments, kardak;éføedIm,I ~
pþl;siT§iGMNac/ kar empowerment R)ak; transfer pricing, kar ~ transfer
pþl;eGay/ R)ak; endowment epÞr ¬kmµsiT§i¦/kar rW ÉksarepÞr conveyance,
pþl;eGaymun/ R)ak; advance money lixitepÞrkmµsiT§iGclnRTBü deed of
pþl;ÉksarRbKl;TMnijenAeBlsgR)ak; conveyance
documents against payment (D/P) epÞr ¬R)ak;¦taméRbsnIy_/ kar mail transfer
pþac;kar/ GMNac¼RbeTskan;rbb autarchy epÞr ¬eGayeK¦/ Gñk transferor
pþac;mux/ eFVI v. monopolise, PaBpþac;mux epÞrkmµsiT§i/ lixit ¬BIkUnbMNuleTAm©as;bMNul¦
monopoly deed of assignment
pþac;mux/ GñkEckcay sole distributor epÞrkmµsiT§iGclnRTBü/ lixit deed of
pþac;mux adj. ¬éfø¦ monopolistic (price) conveyance
epþImmux adj. preliminary, karBiPakSa ~ epÞrkmµsiT§i/ kar transfer of ownership,
preliminary discussion alienation, ~ dI land alienation
epþk adj. horizontal epÞrTunBIpSarmYyeTApSarmYyedIm,IeqøótrkkMér/
epþat v. focus kar arbitrage
pþúM/ kar rW karpþúMGgÁpSM aggregation epÞr)an/ Gac transferable, \NTan ~
pþMúcUlKña v. agglomerate transferable credit
pþÜcepþImKMnit/ kar initiative epÞrR)ak;edayTUrKmn_/ kar telegraphic/
cable transfer
pÞal; rW edaypÞal; adj. direct epÞrR)ak;enAFnaKar/ kar bank transfer
pÞal;/ GñkemIlkarxusRtUv immediate
supervisor
epÞrBIyanmYyeTAyanmYy v. ¬edIm,Idwkbnþ¦
tranship or transship
pÞal;xøÜn personal, kareRbIR)as; ~ persoal epÞrsiT§i/ lixit proxy
consumption, sMPar³eRbIR)as; ~ personal
epÞreGay/ GñkRtUv)aneK transferee
effects, RTBü ~ personal property
epÞrGMNac transfer power, delegate
pÞal;mat; verbal, oral, kic©RBmeRBog ~ power
verbal agreement epÞógKñaeTAvijeTAmk cross check
167
epÞógpÞat;FnaKar/ kar bank reconciliation Epøpáa/ Edlman fruitful
épÞkñúg internal, svnkmµ ~ internal audit, pSBVpSay ¬c,ab;>>>¦ v. publicise
kic©kar ~ internal affairs pSBVpSay ¬tamviTüú >>>¦ v. broadcast
pÞúk nig erITMnij/ kar loading and pSBVpSay ¬lk;plitpl¦/ kar promotion
unloading of goods (of a product)
pÞúyKña/ PaB contradiction, contrast pSBVpSay/ kar dissemination
pÞHkBa©k; greenhouse, bc©½y ~ greenhouse pSayBaNiC¢kmµ v. advertise, kar ~
effect, ]sµ½n ~ greenhouse gas advertisement, advertising, yuT§nakar ~
pÞHsMEbg/ PaBKµan homelessness advertising campaign
pÞHsMEbg ¬xÞg;cMNay¦ housing pSarkñúgRsuk domestic/home market

pÞHsñak;enA/ karpþl; housing pSarxøaMg ¬TIpSarmanGñkTijeRcIn¦ strong
market
pñt;KMnit n. stereotype pSarexSay ¬minsUvmanGñkTij¦ weak market
Epñk section, category pSarggwt black market, éfø ~ black
pøakFug bin tag market price
pøas;ecjedaydak;vin½y/ kar disciplinary pSarTun capital market
transfer pSarh‘un stock market, stock exchange
pøas;bþÚr/ kar change pSa‘¿nwgGakasFatufµI v. acclimate
pøas;bþÚrBaNiC¢kmµ v. trade epSg² ¬eQµaHKNnIcMnay¦ miscellaneous
pøas;bþÚreLIgvij/ kar rW karerobcMeLIgvij pSHpSa v. conciliate, kar ~ conciliation
reconversion
pøÚvkar/ Ca adj. official, formal, esckþI pSHpSaeLIgvij v. reconcile, kar ~
reconciliation
bBa¢ak; ~ official confirmation p¥ak v. suspend, adjourn
pøÚvkar/ Gñk¼m®nþI n. official p¥ak/ kar suspension
pøÚvcitþ/ katBVkic© moral obligation p¥ib/ KNnI blocked account
pøÚvc,ab;/ tam de jure p¥wb rW bBaÄb; rW bgák frozen, KNnI ~ frozen
pøÚvTwk waterways account, RTBü ~ rW RTBüCab;kþI frozen
pøÚveTAdl; road to, access road, access assets
168
tax-collector
Bn§/ Cab; adj. taxable, liable to tax, qñaM ~
B tax year or taxation year, cMNUl ~
taxable income, Gñk ~ taxpayer
BRgIk/ kar expansion Bn§/ minCab; non-taxable adj. cMNUl ~
BRgwgkarGnuvtþn_ v. enforce non-taxable income
B½t’manRtLb; feedback Bn§/ yk rW hUtBn§ v. tax, impose tax
B½t’manbEnßm/ tarag¼Éksar Bn§ ¬Ky/ GakrBiess¦/ EdlRtUvbg;
supplementary schedule dutiable/ TMnijRtUvbg;Bn§ dutiable goods
Bn§ ¬CaBiessBn§bEnßm¦ n. levy Bn§kat;Tuk withholding tax, ~ RtUvbg;
Bn§ ¬Biess Bn§Ky/ GakrBiess¦ duty withholding tax payable
Bn§ n. tax, ~ elIR)ak;cMeNj tax on profit, Bn§Ky customs duties (or dues)
~ visamBaØ emergency tax, Pñak;garkMNt; ~ Bn§Kykat;sg duty drawback
tax assessor, karecosvag ~ ¬edayc,ab;man Bn§CYlFnFan resource-rent tax (RRT)
cenøaHRbehag¦ tax avoidance, karRbmUl ~ Bn§dar tax, KNenyü ~ tax accounting,
tax collection, \NTan ~ tax credit, kMlaMgcMnUl ~ tax revenues efforts or tax
kareKc ~ ¬elµIsc,ab;nigRtUvmaneTasT½NÐ¦ effort
tax evasion, elIkElg ~ adj. tax exempt,

Bn§dar/ lkçN³minTak;Tgnwg non-tax features
karelIkElg ~ tax exemption, vism ~ rW Bn§Etm stamp duty
ry³eBlrYc ~ tax holiday, cenøaHRbehagén Bn§naMcUl import duty, tariff
~ tax loophole, »kashUt ~ tax moments,
Bn§bEnßm surtax
karbg; ~ tax payment, qñaMbg; ~ tax Bn§)ankMNt; assessed taxes
payment year, GRta ~ tax rate, karbnßy
Bn§Rbeyal indirect tax
~ tax rebate, cMNUl ~ tax revenues, tax
Bn§pÞal; direct tax
receipts, karkat;bnßy ~ tax reduction,
Bn§pøÚv road tax
karbn§Úrbnßy ~ tax relief, cMNat;kar ~ rW Bn§RBlanynþehaH airport tax
RbRBwtþikmµ ~ tax treatment, GñkRbmUl ~ Bn§mnusS head tax
169
Bn§em:Akar lump-sum tax labourer, ~ GENþt ¬ry³eBlxøI¦ casual
Bn§yktaméfø ad valorem duty labourer
Bn§ykbEnßmelITMnijnaMcUl surcharge Blrdæ citizen

Bn§elIcMNUllk;)an sales tax Bhikar boycott
Bn§elIR)ak;cMNUl income tax BhiRbevsn_ ¬m> cMNakRsuk¦ migration
Bn§elIR)ak;cN
M lU buKÁl personal income tax BhuCati multinational, Rkumh‘un ~ multi-
national corporation
Bn§elIR)ak;cMeNjRkumh‘un corporation tax BhuPaKI multilateral, CMnYy ~ multilateral
(GB)
assistance, kic©RBmeRBog ~ multilateral
Bn§elIR)ak;cMeNjbEnßm additional profit agreement
tax (APT)
Bn§elIRTBübuKÁl capital levy Bhuvb,kmµ polyculture
Bn§viPaKtamRbePTcMNUl schedular tax Bak;kNþalTI1 énstvtSr_TI6 first half of
the 6th century
Bn§Gakr tax Bak;kNþalsMerc/ plitpl semi-finished
Bn§Pú aB n. ¬PaBdUcKña rW manTMnak;TMngCamYyKña¦ product
affinity Bak;kNþalsVy½t semi-autonomous
Bnül;)an/ EdlminGac adj. inexplicable, Bak;B½n§ adj. concerned, relevant, RksYg ~
unaccountable
concerned ministry, sßab½n ~ relevant
BnüakMeNIt/ kar birth spacing institution
BnüaeBl/ kar delay, pþl; ~ v. grant a delay Bak;B½n§ v. involve
BnüaeGay)anyUr ¬eFVIGVImYyedIm,IBnüaeBl Bak;B½n§¼cUlBak;B½n§/ kar involvement
RBwtþuikarN_/ esckþIsMerc>>>¦ buy time Bak;B½n§/ Gñk stakeholder
BenøÓn v. accelerate Bak;B½n§cUl engage v.
Blkmµ labour, kMlaMg ~ labour force, Baküesøak slogan
~ GENþt casual labour, ~ cUlshCIB BaNiC¢ commercial, FnaKar ~ commercial
organised labour, ~ manCMnaj skilled bank
labour, ~ KµanCMnaj unskilled labour BaNiC¢kmµ commerce, trade, kic©RBmeRBog
Blkr labourer, worker, ~ suIR)ak;éf¶ day ~ trade agreement, CBa¢Ig ~ trade balance,
170
r)aMg ~ trade barriers, »nPaB ~ trade Bin½yCaR)ak; v. fine
deficit, eQµaH ~ trade name, tMNag ~ trade Bin½ysareBIBn§/ kar fiscal fine
representation, trade representative, sBaØa Binitü v. examine
~ rW pøaksBaØa ~ trademark, ~ qøgkat;pÞal; Binitü nigsMerc/ edIm,I for review and
direct-transit trade, ~ lk;dMu wholesale decision/approval
trade, ~ rUbI visible trade, ~ eRkARbeTs

BinitüKNnI v. check the accounts
foreign trade BinitüCaTUeTA/ kar overview
BaNiC¢kmµ adj. commercial, shRKas ~ Binitütamdan v. supervise, kar ~
commercial enterprise supervision, Gñk ~ supervisor
BaNiC¢kmµ adj. mercantile, kgnava ~ BinitüeLIgvij v. review, kar ~ n. review
mercantile marine, RbeTs ~ mercantile
country
BinÞúerxIy diagram, chart, graphic
BaNiC¢kmµ/ kareFVI trading BiBN’na/ kar description
BaNiC¢kmµeRkARbeTs/ naykdæan BiBN’nakargar job description
Department of Overseas Trade BiBiFkmµ ¬m> cMruHkmµ¦ diversification
BaNiC¢kr trader, dealer, merchant BiPakSaedjedal/ kar deliberation
BaNiC¢PavUbnIykmµ commercialisation, BiPakSabMpusKMnit/ kar brainstorming
eFVI ~ v. commercialise BiruT§PaB guilt
Ban;lan billion BiruT§ikCn culprit
BikarPaB disability Biess/ rbs; speciality
BicarNa/ kar consideration, kMBugBinitü ~ BiesaF v. experiment
under consideration
BiesaFn_ rW karBiesaFn_ n. experiment, eFVI ~
Bit real, GRtakarR)ak; ~ real rate of interest, v. experiment
kar ~ reality BiesaFnkmµ/ kardkBiesaFn_
BiFIkar ¬viFansMrab;BiFIepSg²¦ protocol experimentation
BiFIsar ¬Éksar¦ protocol BieRKaHeyabl;/ kar consultation, RkumBieRKaH
Bin½y v. penalise eyabl; Consultative Group (CG)
BieRKaHeyabl;/ Gñk consultant
171
BIeRkameLIgelI/ karGPivDÆn_ bottom-up BüÜr/ kar suspension
development BüÜr/ KNnI ¬caMkaredaHRsay¦ pending accounts
BIenHteTA hereafter RBm v. consent, karyl; ~ n. consent
BImnu prior/ svnkmµ ~ prior auditing, RBmeRBog/ krNIKµankar in the event of
kic©RBmeRBog ~ prior agreement disagreement
BImyY qñaeM TAmYyqñaM ¬m> qñaMelIqñaM ¦ year on year RBmeRBog/ kar agreement, accord
BIrdgkñúgmYyqñaM biannual RBmeRBog/ kic© agreement, ~ pÞal;mat;
BIrpøÚv two-way verbal agreement, ~ CaeKalkarN_
BwgEp¥kKñaeTAvijeTAmk/ kar interdependence agreement in principle
BwgEp¥kelIxøÜnÉg/ kar self-reliance RBmeRBog/ éfø agreed price

BwgBak;)an/ PaBGac dependability RBmeRBog/ min v. disagree
BukrlYy adj. corrupt, GMeBI ~ corruption RBmeRBogxagCMnYj/ kar deal
BUCsasn_niym racism RBmeRBogCakBa©b;/ kar package deal
BYk group, category RBmeRBogCapøÚvkar/ kar official agreement,
covenant
BYk genus (of animals, plants) RBmeRBogCamYyKña v. agree together,
eBjc,ab; legitimate come into line
eBjlkçN³RtwmRtUv legitimate, min ~ RBman/ kar warning, ~ pÞal;mat; verbal
illegitimate warning
eBjelj/ TuneRbImin)an underemployed RBagTuk/ \t ¬cMNay¦ unforeseen
capital RBwtþikarN_ event
eBjv½y adult, RbCaBlrdæ ~ adult citizen RBwtþin½y rW RBwtþn½y fait(s) accompli(s)
eBjv½y/ PaB maturity RBwtþn½y/ tam de facto, karRKb;RKg ~ de
eBl time, kMNat; ~ time segment facto management
Bütierk ¬m> pÞúyKña/ PaB¦ contrast RBwtþib½Rt bulletin
BüakrN_ forecast v. & n., ¬kar¦ ~ esdækic© RBwtþib½RtB½t’man newsletter
economic forecast, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial RBwT§ikmµ illegal interest, usury
forecast RBwT§ikr ¬GñkykkarR)ak;x<s;hYsehtu¦ usurer
172
RBYy)armÖ/ kar n. concern Psþútag proof, evidence, ~ TTYlyk)an
éRBkarBar/ tMbn; protected forest areas admissible evidence
éRBKub coupe-forest, felling area PsþútagekþA² smoking gun

éRBeQI forest, éRBeQI GaceFVIGaCIvkmµ)an PsþúPar logistics
operable forest PaKkmµ (equity) participation, stake,
éRBeQI/ karkab; deforestation sharing
éRBlicTwk flooded forest PaKeRcIn majority

éRBsm,Tan forest concession PaKeRcIndac;xat/ sMelg ¬e)aHeqñat¦
absolute majority vote
RBMEdnKy customs frontier PaKeRcInedayeFob/ sMelg ¬)ansMelgeRcInCag
RBMEdnénkarTTYlxusRtUv limit of liability ebkçCnmñak;eTot¦ relative majority vote
RBHraCGaCJa prosecutor PaKtic minority
PaKTunki ³ capital contributor, shareholder,
P ~ man\T§iBl influencial shareholder
PNÐaKar department store PaKEbg denominator (fraction)

PNÐaKar ¬m> XøaMg¦ warehouse PaKyk numerator (fraction)
Ptik³ ¬m> GñkCYlBIeK¦ renter PaKry percentage
Ptikar wage-earner PaKlaP dividend
PtibtI ¬m> GñkCYleGayeK¦ person who PaKh‘un/ Gñkman stakeholder
rents out sth PaKh‘unEdlTTYlPaKlaPeRkayeK deferred
Ptisnüa n. lease (with a contract) share
P½nþRcLM/ kar confusion, aberration PaKh‘unEdlmantMélenApSarh‘unesµIKñanwgtMél

P½nþRcLM/ gay confusing cuHelIsnøwkb½NÑPaKh‘un share at par
P½BVénCMerIs chance of selection PaKh‘unRtYtRta/ mancMENk to have a
controlling interest (have more than
P½yep¥Il/ kar panic, ~ xaghirBaØvtßú 50% of total share of a company)
financial panic PaKh‘unsamBaØ common stock, equities
PvnIyPaB probability PaK\NTanxagelI upper credit tranche
173
PaKI ¬énkic©snüa¦ party (to the contract) centralised record, esdækic© mCÄkar¼
PaKIcuHkic©snüa contracting party RbmUlpþúM centralised economy
PaKITTYlsar\NTan accredited party mCÄdæan milieu
PaKITIbI third party mCÄdæanGñkKaMRT constituency
Parkic© duty, Cab; ~ duty bound mCÄtþkmµ arbitrage, KN³kmµkar ~
Parkic© task, epþatelI ~ task-oriented arbitration committee
PUKBÖsaRsþ geology mCÄtþkr arbiter

PUtKamsaRsþ ¬karsikSaBIrukçCati¦ botany mCÄtþkr ¬xagBaNiC¢kmµ¦ arbitrator
PUtKamGnam½y phytosanitary mCÄtþkar/ eFVI v. arbitrate
PUmiviTüaesdækic© economic geography mCÄtþvinicä½y arbitration
ePaK³ possession mCÄnikCn n. moderate
ePaCnIydæanGaharrh½s fast-food restaurant mCÄmNÐlbNþúHbNþal viC¢aCIv³¬rW ]bnisS½y¦
vocational training centre
ePaCP½NÐ ¬m> mðÚbGahar¦ food items mCÄwm central, rdæ)al ~ central
P¢ab;katBVkic© binding administration
Pñak;gar agent mNÐlkMsanþ entertainment centre
Pñak;garTTYlkMéreCIgsar commission agent mNÐle)aHeqñat constituency
Pñak;garnavacr shipping agent mti opinion, karsÞg; ~ opinion poll
Pñak;garrksuCI lY ¼lk; GclnRTBü estate agent mtipþaMepJI recommendation
Pøam² adj. prompt, karRbKl; ~ prompt mtþnkmµ ¬m> eRCIs/ kar¦ selection
delivery, karTUTat; ~ immediate/prompt mtþb,maN ¬m> GRtamrN³¦
payment mortality/death rate
mFüm average, tMél¼éføedIm ~ average
m cost, GRtakMeNIn ~ RbcaMqñaM average
annual growth rate
mcävb,kmµ pisciculture mFüm ¬TMhM/ KuNPaB>>>¦ medium (size,
mCÄkar centralisation, kMNt;Rta ~ grade...)
mFüm ¬sßiti¦ mean, ~ nBVnþ arithmetic
174
mean, ~ FrNImaRt geometric mean mrNPaB/ R)ak;bMNac; death in service benefit
mFümPaK average, mean, ~ smta mrNPaB/ sMbuRt death certificate
weighted average mrtk heritage, inheritance
mFümsikSaTutiyPUmi/ sBaØab½Rt mrtksasn_ testament, will
baccalaureate (degree)
meFüa)ay means, ~ dwkCBa¢Ún means of mhnþrayenAsmuRT casualty at sea
transport, ~ plitkmµ means of mhnþraybgáedaymnusS man-made disaster
production mhavinas cataclysm
mnsikar conscience, Edlman ~ mhasnñi)at general meeting
conscientious
mhaGnutMbn;emKgÁ Greater Mekong Sub-region
mnusSCati humanity
mhicäta rW karR)afñad¾elIslub ambition
mnusSFm’ n. & adj. 1. humanity
m:ak ¬TMnij¦ brand
2. humanitarian, GgÁkar ~ humanitarian
organisation
m:aRkU macro-, m:aRkUesdækic© macroeconomics
mnusSniym humanism m:aXItTIg¼karrkTIpSar marketing
mnusSsaRsþ anthropology m:aCIn¼rwm margin, m:aCInUbnIykmµ
marginalisation
menaKmviC¢a ideology
m:aCin¼kMrit énR)ak;cMeNjsuT§ net profit
m®nþI officer margin (NPM)
m®nþIRkbx½NÐ civil servant, government m:al;Tusniym Malthusianism
cadre
m:asuInebIkR)ak;sV½yRbvtþi
m®nþIcuHbBa¢I ¬Gñkkan;kab;bBa¢I¦ registrar ATM (automatic teller machine)
m®nþIe)aHeqñat electoral official mat;Rck n. gateway, ~ TUrKmnaKmn_GnþrCati
m®nþIraCkar public servant, ~ sIuvil civil international communication gateway
servant matika content
m®nþIesuIbGegátBIkartv:a ¬cMeBaHsßab½nrdæ b¤ matika ¬fvika¦ line item (budget)
GgÁkarFM²¦ ombudsman matuPUminivtþn_ repatriation
mmajwk/ em:ag rush hour maRtdæan scale (of map), esdækic© ~
mmal rW karmmal hallucination economies of scale
175
maRta article, provision (law) minTan;sresr blank (paper)
mankalkMNt; ¬enAGnaKt¦ forward, minR)akd/ PaB uncertainty, incertitude
karRbKl; ~ forward delivery, éfølk; ~ minpøas;bþÚr/ PaB consistency
forward price minEmnksikmµ/ kargar non-agricultural or
mankUn/ PaB fertility, GRtamankUn fertility non-farm employment
rate minerobry/ vis½y informal sector
manex©aH/ PaB imperfection minlMeGog/ PaB impartiality
manCMgWeFVIeGaysøab;/ PaB morbidity minl¥ adj. adverse
mantMélGnuvtþ binding minsmRsb inappropriate, unsuitable,
maneTAmanmk/ PaB reciprocity CMnYy ~ inappropriate aid
manvKÁmanesñI/ skmµPaBesdækic© concerted minsuT§/ PaB impurity
economic action
manRsab;/ Edl existing, rcnasm<½n§ ~ minesµIKña adj. inequal
existing structure minGacsgbMNul)an/ PaB insolvency
mabnkmµ ¬m> begáIt/ kar¦ creation, minGMeNaypl adj. unfavourable,
adverse, ktþa ~ adverse factor
establishment
micäaelx ¬m> el¥óg/ elxel¥óg¦ error
misSPaK ¬m> sµúKsaµj¦ complex, misSPaB
mincuHsMrug/ PaB incompatibility complexity
mincUlCaRkumh‘un un-incorporated mIRkUCIv³ micro biology
mincUlbkSsm½<n§/ clna non-aligned mIRkUesdækic© microeconomics
movement
mIRkUhirBaØvtßú micro-finance
minCak;lak; indefinite, non-specific
mIRkU\NTan micro-credit
minTTYlRBm/ kar default of acceptance
mux ¬TMnij¦ item
minTak;Tg/ Edl irrelevant
muxgar function
minTan;qøgKy/ TMnij uncleared goods
muxCMnYjFnaKar banking
minTan;edaHRsay ¬vivaT¦ unsettled (dispute)
muxTMnijkñúgXøaMg stock lines
minTan;rk)an/ kMér unearned fees
muxrbr occupation
minTan;sg ¬bMNul¦ unsettled (debt)
176
muxviC¢aFnaKar banking mUlFnpw¥b rW mUlFnbBaÄb; frozen capital
muFaPaBénBn§Gakr ¬m> elIkElgBn§/ kar¦ tax mUlFnPavUnIykmµ capitalisation
exemption mUlFnminTan;ehA ¬[bg;¦ uncalled capital
mun pre-, ~ vibtþi pre-crisis mUlFnik capitalist
mun preceding, qñaM ~ preceding year mUlniFi foundation
m:Ud fashion, mode mUlniFi fund, RbB½n§KNenyü ~ fund
m:UDIl module accounting systems, TIPñak;garpþl; ~
m:Um:g; momentum funding agency, lMhUr ~ fund flow,
m:UypÁt;pÁg;CaRbcaM usual supplier smtulü ~ fund balance
mUldæan local, GaCJaFr ~ local authority mUlniFidak;snSMbMrug sinking fund
mUldæan/ Kµan adj. unfounded mUlniFibeBaØI fund held in trust
mUldæan/ Ca basic, kic©RBmeRBog ~ basic mUlniFibdiPaK counterpart fund
agreement, karRsavRCav ~ basic research
mUlniFibMrug reserve fund
mUldæan/ plitpl staple product mUlniFipþúM block fund
mUldæanRKwH foundation mUlniFipÞal;suT§ ¬RTBüskmµKittamtMélBitelI
mUldæanTinñn½y database TIpSar ehIydkbMNulcrnþ¦ net worth
mUlFn capital, ~ Edl)anGnuBaØat authorised mUlniFiBaNiC¢kmµ n. goodwill
capital, ~ p¥wb frozen capital, ~ Edl)anbg;
paid in capital
mUlniFimrtk ¬mUlniFiRKb;RKgedayRbtisiT§iCn
mUlFnkmµ/ eFVI v. capitalise sMrab;GtßKahk¦ trust fund
mUlFnniym capitalism mUlniFirUbiyvtßúGnþrCati International
Monetary Fund (IMF)
mUlFn)ancuHeQµaH subscribed capital mUlniFsi rM ab;cnM aybnþci bnþcÜ petty-cash fund
mUlFn)ancuHbBa¢I ¬CapøÚvkar¦ registered mUlb½Rt securities, pSar ~ securities market
capital
mUlFn)anbg;CMrH paid-up capital mUlb,Tanb½NÑ cheque card
mUlFn)anehA ¬)anbg;cUlRkumh‘unehIy¦ mUlb,TanbR½t cheque, ~ KµanR)ak;kñúgKNnI¼
called-up capital KµanR)ak; dishonoured/bouncing/dud/
177
rubber cheque, ~ cMh blank cheque, emFavI lawyer, barrister (British)
~ qUt crossed cheque, esovePA ~ cheque em:Akar/ Gñk contractor
book, ~ KµanqUt uncrossed cheque, ~ qUt em:Akarbnþ v. subcontract, Gñk ~ sub-
Biess cheque crossed specially, ~ Kµan contractor
eQµaH bearer cheque or cheque to bearer, emaX³ void, null and void, eFVI[eTACa ~
v. nullify
~ eTscrN_ traveller’s cheque, ~ minTan; emaX³/ cat;TukCa v. invalidate
dak;cUlKNnIFnaKar unbanked cheque emaXkmµ annulment, nullification
mUlb,TanbR½t r:ab;rgedayFnaKar¼FanacMnay emaXPaB nullity
certified cheque
mUlmti/ kar consensus m©as; owner, ~ dI land owner
mUlvicarN_ appreciation m©as;/ PaBCa ownership
mYyPaKbYn quarter, ~ TI2énstvtSr_TI7 2nd m©as;kmµsiT§i owner
quarter of 7th century m©as;kmµsiT§irYmKña co-owner,
emIlxusRtUvelI/ kar oversight co-proprietor, joint owner
emIleXIj/ Gac adj. visible m©as;kar/ PaB self-reliance

emIlgay/ kar contempt m©as;karxaghirBaØvtßú/ PaB financial self-
sufficiency
emIlmineXIj adj. invisible, BaNiC¢kmµ ~ m©as;KNnIcrnþ current-account holder
invisible trade
emIlrMlg overlook m©as;dI¼pÞH ¬EdlCYleGayeK¦ landlord
em/ Rkumh‘un parent company m©as;bMNul creditor
em/ fvika master budget m©as;bMNulGuIb:UEtk mortgagee
emkar foreman m©as;hag ¬tUc²¦ storekeeper,
shopkeeper
emekIy patron mþgehIymþgeTot recurrent, cMNay ~
emRkum ¬Cag/ kmµkr¦ foreman recurrent expenditure
emxül; popular leader mðÚbGahar food, snÞsSn_éfø ~ food price
emKuN multiplier index
emKuNbMErbMrYl coefficient of variation

178
ynþkmµ/ ynþtUbnIykmµ mechanisation
y ynþkar mechanism, ~ sV½yEktMrUv self-
ykkMBs;/ kar grandstanding regulating mechanism, ~ TUTat; payment
ykKMrUtag v. sample mechanism
ykKMrtU ag/ kar sampling, ~ KµanRsTab; ynþehaHCYldwkBiess ¬eCIgehaHehIrmin

unstratified sampling, ~ eRcIndMNak; multi-
eTogTat;¦ charter plane
stage sampling, ~ tamkEnøg spacial
ynþehaHCMnYj commercial aircraft
sampling, ~ tamkUta quota sampling,
yl;eXIj/ kar view
~ tameKaledA purposive sampling, ~ elIs
yl; RcLM¼xus/ kar misunderstanding
over-sampling, ~ saCafµI resampling
yl;dwgtameRkay ¬RBwtþikarN_¦/ kar
hindsight
ykKMrtU agCaRbB½n/§ kar systematic sampling, yl;dwgmun/ kar foresight
~ vil circular systematic sampling yl;dwgl¥/ kar good understanding
ykcUl bring in (assets as investment) yl;)an/ Edl intelligible
ykecjmk/ kar ¬Er:¦ extraction yl;RBm/ kar approval, agreement
yktaméføTMnij/ éfødwkCBa¢Ún ad valorem yl;Rsb/ min v. disagree
freight
ykmkKit take into account yan vehicle, ~ ynþ motor vehicle
ykvijnUv/ kar ¬sMviFanFn>>>kñúgbBa¢IKNenyü¦ yIeha brand name
write-back (of provisions...) yWt/ PaB elasticity, ~ énkarpÁt;pÁg; nig
yfaRkm/ Ca ¬m> CaRbB½n§¦ systematic tMrUvkar elasticity of supply and demand
yfaTsSn_ perspective yWty:av/ kar delay, karRbKl;yWty:av delay
yfaRbePT specification in delivery
yfapl adj. extensive, ksikmµ ~ yWty:avkñúgkarsgbMNul to be in arrears

extensive agriculture yutþikmµ/ eFVI v. justify, kar ~ KMerag
yfaPaB 1. authenticity 2. contingency justification of a project
yfaPUt/ lixit authentic deed/act yutþiFm’ ¬rW edayyutþiFm’¦ fair

yfaehtu eventuality yutþiFm’/ min unfair
179
yutþiFm’sgÁm social justice rksMKal; v. identify, ebskkmµ ~
yutþaFikar jurisdiction identification mission
yuT§nakar campaign, ~ lk;dUr sales rkSa/ kar conservation

campaign rkSaTuk/ kar keeping, custody
yuTP§ N
½ Ð ordnance, ~ minTan;pÞúH unexploded rkSaTuk/ R)ak;cMeNj retained earnings
ordnances rkSaTukkñúgédttIyCn/ Edl in escrow
yuT§viFIGaCIvkmµ business tactics rkSaTukenAXøaMgKy/ TMnij goods (held) in
yuTs§ aRsþ strategy, ~ ctuekaN rectangular bond
strategy, Gñk ~ rW ~ viTU strategist rkSaTukbuKÁlik/ kar ¬kMueGayeKecjBIGgÁPaB¦
yuT§saRsþ/ Ca strategic, tMrUvkar ~ strategic needs retention of staff
yuT§saRsþCatikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk National rkSasiT§i copyright

Poverty Reduction Strategy (NPRS) rgVan; n. reward, award, ~ mkBIeRkA
yuT§saRsþpSBVpSay ¬lk;plitpl¦ extrinsic reward, pþl; ~ v. reward
promotional strategy rgVas; measuring tools, measure
yuvv½y/ RsTab; young people rcnatak;Etg v. design, kar ~ n. design
eynD½r gender rcnasm<½n§ structure, ~ cat;taMg
eyageTA carried forward (accounting) organisational structure, ~ nItibBaØtþi
eyagmk brought forward (accounting) legislative structure, ~ sßab½nFnaKar
eyaFPUmiPaK military region structure of banking institutions
eyaFa ¬kgT½B¦ military rcnasm<½n§RKYsarsñÚl ¬«BukmþaynigkUn¦
eyaFin ¬mnusS¦ soldier, military nuclear-family structure
eyabl; opinion rc¢³stV¼BBYkstV fauna

rC¢eTyücMNUl excise tax revenues
r rdUv season, tam ~ seasonal
rkeXIj/ kar finding rdUvkal/ tam rW manlkçN³rdUvkal adj.
seasonal
rkemIlTMnij ¬éfø/ KuNPaB>>>edIm,ITij¦ shop rdUvs¶b;skmµPaB ¬]> rdUvlk;TMnijminsUvdac;¦
around dead season
180
rdæEdlKitKUreRcInBIkargarsgÁmkic© welfare rbs;)anBIkarRbmUl ¬BIGKÁIP½y/ navalic>>>¦
state salvage
rdæFmµnuBaØ constitution rbs;Gt;RbeyaCn_ useless thing, junk
rdæ)al administration, cMNay ~ rbs;eGtcay scraps, junk
administrative expenses, GgÁPaBesdækic© r)ab; ¬karrab;¦ census
~ administrative-economic entity r)ay n. distribution, ~ KMrUtag distribution
rdæ)alsaFarN³ public administration of sample, ~ vismFn unequal wealth
rdæpþac;mux national monopoly distribution
rdæshRKin corporate state r)aykarN_ report, statement, account, ~
rdæGMNac ¬m> GaCJaFr¦ authority KNnI statement of account, ~ RbcaM Ex¼
rdæaPi)alm©as;pÞH host government qñaM monthly/annual report, ~ Tij¼lk;TMnij
rdæaPi)alsMrab;RKb;RKgbeNþaHGasnñ account purchases/sales, ~ FnaKar bank
caretaker government statement, ~ erITMnij cargo outturn
rtnvtßú 1. jewels, jewelry, precious report, ~ sþIBIRbeTs country report
stones 2. cash, liquid assets
rtnakr n. treasurer rbYs n. ¬pøÚvkay rW pøÚvcitþ¦ trauma
rtnaKar treasury, b½NÑ ~ treasury bill rebog corridor, ~ esdækic© economic
(short term: less than one year) or corridor
treasury bond (long term) rebob mode
rtnaKarCati State Treasury rebobcuHbBa¢IÉkPaK single entry
rt;Bn§ v. smuggle, kar ~ smuggling, Gñk (accounting)
~ smuggler rebobrbbminl¥ malpractice
rt;Bn§/ TMnij smuggled goods, rebobrs;enA lifestyle
contraband
rebobvar³ agenda
rbkKMehIj finding
r)aMg barrier, ~ Bn§Ky customs/tariff
rbb regime, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial regime
barrier, ~ minEmnBn§Ky non-tariff
rbs;xUcKuNPaB spoilage
barriers ( NTBs), dkr)aMgBaNiC¢kmµ lift
rbs;Fana surety trade barrier
181
rmNIydæan resort, kEnøg ~ rW mNÐlkMsanþ rab;bBa©Úl v. include, kar ~ inclusion,
resort site Edl ~ adj. inclusive
ry³eBl period, ~ RbmUlTun)anvij rW ~ raymuxTMnij/ kar description of goods
Rsg;edIm payback period rIkcMerIn/ kar advancement
ry³eBlxøI short term, kMcI ~ short term rIkduHdaly:agrh½s boom, vis½ykMBug ~
loan
booming sector
ry³eBlRtUvsgkMcIvij payback period rIkraldal/ kar ¬TMnas;¦ spread,
ry³eBlRbmUlbMNulCamFüm average spreading, escalation
collection period (ACP) rIksay/ kar ¬cMnYn¦ proliferation
ry³eBlmFüm medium-term, kMcI ~ rwgkMRBws/ PaB inflexibility
medium-term loan
ry³eBlEvg long-term, bMNul ~ long- rwtt,itcMNay v. squeeze expenditure
term liabilities rwbGUs ¬ykRTBü¦ v. confiscate, seize,
rlUn adj. smooth, dMeNIrkar ~ smooth kar ~ seizure
operation
rwbGUskmµsiT§iGclnvtßúdak;Fana foreclose a
rlUn/ PaB coherence mortgage v.
rlUnKña/ Edl harmonised rwbGUsCasm,tþirdæ/ RtUv)an forfeited to the
rlM v. founder government
rs;)an/ PaBGac viability, survivability, rWLaTIvIet¼PaBGacERbRbYl relativity
~ xaghirBaØvtßú financial survivability rukrk/ kar exploration, ~ eRbgkat oil
exploration
rs;revIk lively, TIpSarmanskmµPaB ~ lively rukçCati plant, flora
market
rs;revIk/ PaBmin inflexibility rukçvb,kmµ silviculture
resIb/ bBaða sensitive issue rukçsaRsþ forestry
resIb/ PaB sensitivity ruaMér: chronic, PaBGt;kargareFVIraMuér: chronic
unemployment
rehadæanIykmµ desertification rUb ¬TMnij¦ brand
ragcal/ krNImin case of recidivism rUbFatu/ KNenyü physical accounts
raCkic© ¬esovePA¦ Official Gazette rUbPaBTUeTA profile (i.e of a company)
182
rUbvnþ physical, ehdæarcnasm<½n§ ~ physical rUbiyvtßúniym monetarism
infrastructure rUbiyvtßúnIykmµ monetarisation, ~ én»nPaB
rUbvivtþn_ n. mutation monetarisation of the deficit
rUbsBaØa logo rUbiyvtßéú nkic©snüa currency of the contract
rUbiybdiePaK ¬m> cMNarxñg¦ rUbiyvtßúbreTs foreign currency
rUbiybdiePaKI ¬m> carxñg¬Éksar¦/ Gñk¦ rUbiyvtßúepSg² quasi-money
rUbiyb½NÑ foreign exchange rUbiyvtßúminGacbþÚr ¬ykrUbiyvtßúdéT¦)an
rUbiyb½NÑxøaMg hard currency inconvertible currency
rUbiymaRta legal tender rUbiyvtßúykmkKitKUr currency of account

rUbiyvtßú currency, ~xøaMg hard currency, rUbiyvtßúGacbþÚrykrUbiyvtßúepSg)an
convertible currency
~ exSay soft currency rUbiyaNtþi bill/letter of exchange
rUbiyvtßú money, ~ cracr money in rUbiyaNtþiFnaKar ¬lixitbBa¢aeGayFnaKar
circulation, esdækic© ~ money economy, ebIkR)ak;¦ bank draft
pSar ~ money market, ~ elIstulüPaB rUbiyaNtþikMNt;ry³eBlxøI short bill
monetary overhang, TMnukcitþelI ~ rUbiyaNtþiEdlRtUv)anbdiesF dishonoured
monetary confidence, neya)ay ~ bill of exchange
monetary policy rUbiyaNtþibgðaj sight bill (payable at
rUbiyvtßú rW R)ak;Rkdas fiduciary currency sight)
rUbiyvtßú M1 money M1 rUbI adj. tangible/ RTBüskmµ ~ rW RTBü ~
rUbiyvtßú¼mUlniFi Gacpþl;eGay)anPøam² tangible assets
money (or funds) at call rYceTas/ PaB impunity
rUbiyvtßúTijlk;)anedayesrI ¬rdæKµandak;kMhit rYcBn§/ Edl duty-free, TMnijrYcBn§ duty free
RtYtRta¦ free currency goods
rYcBn§/ eGay v. waive tax
rUbiyvtßúTUTat; payment currency, account
currency rYbrYmKña adj. united
rUbiyvtßúTUeTA (M2) total liquidity (M2) rYbrYmKña/ kar cohesion
rUbiyvtßúTaMgGs; monetary aggregate rYm adj. collective, ksidæan ~ collective
183
farm, kmµsiT§i ~ collective ownership Er:cMraj; mineral concentrate
rYmKña ¬karTTYlxusRtUv¦ joint, karTTYl érGgÁas v. raise, ~ mUlniFi raise fund
xusRtUv ~ nigerog²xøÜn joint and several érGgÁasmUlniFi/ kar fund raising
liability eraKvinicä½y n. diagnosis
rYmKñaCaFøúgmYy unified as one eraKsBaØ symptom
rYmcMENk v. participate eragcRk factory, plant
rYmEtmYy unified eragCag workshop
rYmviPaKTan v. contribute rMkil/ Epnkar rolling plan
rYmsM)ac;/ kar cohesion rMj½r vibration
erITMnij/ kar unloading of goods rMxan/ kar disturbance, ~ edaysMelg
erIb/ kar ¬esdækic©¦ recovery (economy) noise disturbance
erIseGIg/ kar discrimination, ~ rMBwgTuk ¬rW Edl ~¦ expected, R)ak;cMeNj ~
kñúgkarkMNt;éfø price discrimination expected profit, eBlevla ~ expected time
erIseGIg/ Edlmin non-discriminatory rMBwgTuk/ karFøak;cuHmin unexpected fall
erOgkþI lawsuit rMBwgsmehtupl/ kar rational expectation
erobcMtamlMdab; ¬Éksar¦ v. collate rMePIbcitþ/ bMNgTijeday emotional buying
erobcMtMelIg/ kar installation, cMNay motive
pÁMútMelIg installation cost rMls; depreciation

erobcMeLIgvij/ kar reorganisation rMls;fyCalMdab;/ viFI declining balance
method of depreciation
erobcMeLIgvij/ kMcI)an ¬BnüaeBlsg¦ rMls;bgçM/ viFIKit accelerated depreciation
restructured loan method
erobtamlMdab; v. sort rMls;bMNul n. amortisation of a debt
erobry formal, vis½y ~ formal sector rMls;mUlFn capital amortisation
erobrab;dUcxageRkam/ man undermentioned rMls;esµPI aK/ viFI straight-line depreciation
erxUbnIykmµ digitalised, esdækic© ~ method
digitalised economy rMlay/ kar ¬Rkumh‘un¦ dissolution, liquidation,
Er:/ karyk rW GaCIvkmµEr: mining winding-up
184
rMlaybBa©ÚlKña/ kar ¬Rkumh‘unBIr rW eRcIn¦ merger lk;eCO/ kar sale on credit, credit sale
rMlwk/ lixit ¬]> eGaymkbg;Bn§¦ reminder lk;dac;tamkic©snüaRtwmRtUv/ kar firm sale
letter lk;dac;bMput/ esovePA best seller
rMElkGMNac v. delegate power lk;dMu/ kar wholesale, éfølk;dMu wholesale
rMelaP ¬c,ab;>>¦ v. violate price
rMelaPykdI/ kar land encroachment lk;dMu/ Gñk wholesaler
rMelaPsiTi§CaÉkCn/ kar invasion of privacy lk;)anéfø ¬elIsFmµta¦/ Edl at a premium
rMelaPesckþITukcitþ/ kar abuse of fiduciary lk;efakCag v. undercut (somebody’s
rMsay v. ¬kgT½B¦ demobilise price), undersell
raMgxÞb;\T§iBl v. counterbalance lk;bgçÚcéfø/ kar dumping, Bn§Tb;Tl;nwg ~

raMgsÞH/ PaB bottleneck dumping duty
lk;plitplelITIpSar v. market a product
l lk;minecj/ Edl unmarketable
lk;ykCasac;R)ak;/ kar cash sale
lk; v. sell, ~ xat sell at a loss, ~ edjéfø lk;ykR)ak;Pøam/ kar cash down sale (can
sell at auction, ~ eCO sell on credit be paid in cash or cheque but not
lk; rW sMrab;lk; ¬BaküsresrelIpøakRbkas¦ credit card)
for sale lk;y:aggay/ Gac marketable
lk;¼Tij edayTUTat;sgbNþak;/ kar lk;ray v. sell retail
instalment sales credit or instalment lk;ray/ GaCIvkmµ¼BaNiC¢kmµ retail-trade
plan buying business
lk;/ kar sale lk;ray/ Gñk retailer
lk;/ Gñk seller, vendor lk;elITIpSar v. market
lk;eRkamtMél ¬edIm¦ v. sell below cost, lk;LayLúgbegðIysþúk/ kar clearance sale
undersell
lk;eRkayeBlkS½yFn/ RbmUl v. sell up lk;LayLúgmuneFVIsareBIP½NÐ/ kar ¬edIm,I[
lk;cuHéføtamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;/ kar cash RsLHXøaMg¦ stocktaking sale
discount lk;eGaysgbNþak;/ kar sale on
185
instalment plan lkçN³TUeTA/ kareFVI[man generalisation
lkçxNÐ clause, ~ énkic©snüa clause of a
lkçN³vinicä½y criteria, criterion
contract
lkçxNÐ condition, ~ eFVIkargar working lkçN³sm,tþi qualification
condition, ~ begáItkatBVkic© condition lkçN³sMKal; feature
precedent, ~ bBa©b;katBVkic© condition lkçnþik³ charter, statute, articles of
subsequent association (UK), by-laws (US)
lkçxNÐ terms, ~ FUrRsal easy terms, lT§kmµ acquisition, procurement, eFVI ~
v. acquire
~ énkic©snüa terms of a contract, ~ TUTat;
lT§kmµBl ¬m> GMNacTij¦ purchasing
terms of payment, ~ eyag ¬sMrab;epÞógpÞat;¦ power
terms of reference, ~ lk; terms of sale lT§pl result, outcome, performance
lkçxNÐ/ PaBman conditionality lT§pl/ karKµan non-performance
lkçxNÐ/ edayman conditional, karTTYl lT§pl/ EdlKitBI adj. pragmatic
RBm ~ conditional acceptance lT§plkargar/ kareFVIcMNat;fñak;
lkçxNÐxanmin)an sine qua non condition performance rating
lkçxNÐtwgEtg harsh conditions lT§plrkeXIj finding

lkçxNÐTUTat;gayRsYl easy terms of lT§PaB/ Edlx<s;hYs prohibitive (i.e
price or value)
payment
lkçxNÐFmµCati natural condition lT§PaBeTAdl; rW pøÚveTAdl; access
lkçxNÐmantaMgBImun pre-existing lT§PaBeFVIdMeNIrtamsmuRT seaworthiness
condition lT§PaB)aneRbIR)as; access
lkçxNÐsgGnueRKaH soft repayment terms lT§PaBsgbMNul solvency
lkçxNÐesdækic© economic conditions lT§iRbCaFibetyüesrIBhubkS liberal
lkçxNÐGnueRKaHbMputEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ Most democracy and pluralism or liberal
multi-party democracy
Favoured Nation (MFN) clause
lkçxNÐ\NTan credit terms lubbMNul ¬ecjBIbBa¢I¦ v. write off a debt
lkçxNÐGnueRKaHbMputEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ MFN lak;elom v. conceal, karlak;elom
concealment
(Most Favoured Nation clause)
186
lagluykxVk;/ kar money laundering lixitTarR)ak; debt-collection letter
lanlan/ mYy one trillion lixitbTdæan ¬m> bTbBa¢a¦ regulations
laPkar remuneration, pþl; ~ v. remunerate lixitbBa¢ak;eKalbMNg letter of intent
lay combine lixitbBa¢ak;faKµaneTas letter of non-
laycMruHKña heterogeneous conviction
laylkçN_GkSr/ Ca written, in writing lixitbBa¢ÚnTMnij shipping note

laElgBItMENg/ kar resignation lixitebIkpøÚv laissez-passer
lixit letter, note, ~ ecj outgoing letter, lixitbMNul debenture
~ CUndMNwg advice note, ~ bBa¢ÚnTMnij
lixitbþÚrykR)ak; ¬eBlbgðajFnaKar¦
demand bill/draft
dispatch note, ~ \NTan¼ \NBn§ lixitRbkas declaration, return, ~ sareBI
credit/debit note
lixitKaMRTRKwHsßansaxa ¬kñúgkarrkx©IR)ak;¦ Bnæ tax declaration/return, ~ sareBIBn§
letter of comfort EdlKµanbMNulBn§RtUvbg; nil return
lixitqøgEdn passport lixitRbKl;TMnij ¬eGayeTAGtifiCnCamYyKña
lixiteqøIyqøgGaCIvkmµ business nwgTMnij¦ delivery note
correspondence lixitepÞrsiT§i rW lixitRbKl;siT§i letter/power
lixitCUndMNwgkarRbmUlR)ak; /warrant of attorney
collection advice lixitpøas;bþÚr ¬m> rUbiyaNtþi¦ bill of exchange
lixitCUndMNwgbBa¢nÚ TMnij dispatch/shipment/ lixitsYrB½t’man letter of inquiry
forwarding advice
lixiteCOTukcitþ trust letter lixitGnuBaØat certificate/letter of
approval
lixitefáaleTas ¬rbs;tulakar¦ judicial lixitebskkmµ mission letter
records
lixitefáaleTas ¬rbs;b:UlIs¦ copy of the lixitGnuBaØat permit, licence, ~ sagsg;
police record building permit, ~ naMecj¼naMcUl
lixitEføgsc©a ¬GHGagsc©PaBcMeBaHmuxc,ab;¦ export/import permit, ~ eGayeFIVkar
affidavit
¬sMrab;CnbreTs¦ work permit
lixitTTYlCMBak; IOU (I owe you)
lixitGnuBaØatBITIcat;karKy customs permit
187
lixitGmÉksar covering letter (GB), elIkdak; ¬TMnij¦/ kar handling (goods)
cover letter (US) elIkdak;TMnijecjcUlk)a:l/; kar stevedoring
lixit\NTan letter of credit, ~ Edl)an elIkTwkcitþ/ kar encouragement
TTYlsÁal; acceptance letter of credit elIkTwkcitþ/ eRKÓg¼kar incentive,
lixit]eTÞsnam ¬GñktMNag¦ designation ~ vinieyaK investment incentive
letter
lixitUbkrN_cUlCaPaKI instrument of elIkTwkcitþ/ R)ak; incentive bonus
accession elIkElg/ kar exemption, waiver, ~ Bn§
lixitUbkrN_énkarpþl;sc©ab½n instrument of tax exemption
ratification elIkElgeTas/ kar amnesty
lixitUbkrN_sMrab;Kahk bearer instrument/ elIkvarkal v. adjourn
paper
elIksÞÜy/ kar enhancement
licTwk adj. inundated, éRB ~ inundated
forest elIs v. exceed
lukluy/kar invasion elIs adj. excess, GIv:an; ~ TMgn; ¬CiHynþehaH¦
lubecal v. abolish excess luggage
elIs ¬tMrUvkarplit¦/ smtßPaB ~
lubecal v. cancel, ~ karbBa¢aTij cancel/ overcapacity, excess capacity
withdraw an order, karlubecal cancellation elIslb;/ PaKeRcIn overwhelming majority
lubecalkic©snüa rescind v. a contract elx/ karecH numeracy
lubvij)an/ sar\NTanGac revocable elxna entry (accounting), ~ biTbBa¢I
letter of credit
closing entries, ~ pÁúM compound entry,
luy money, karlagluykxVk; money
~ samBaØ simple entry
laundering
luyekþA hot money (money moving elxnabRBa©as rW elxnabdiPaK ¬edIm,IlubecalnUv
from one country to another to get elxnamun¦ contra entry, counterpart entry
best interests...)
luyRkdas paper money elxsMKal;pÞal;xøÜn Personal Identification
Number (PIN)
lUtlas;/ kar growth, development elxharI messenger
lYc\v:an;kñúghag/ kar shoplifting elxGtþsBaØaNbuKÁl Personal
188
Identification Number (PIN) lMhUrecj outflow
elxaFikar secretary, GKÁ ~ secretary lMhUrelOnecjmUlFn flight of capital
general, rdæ ~ secretary of state
lMhUrsac;R)ak; cash flow, r)aykarN_ ~
elxaFikardæan secretariat cash flow statement, karviPaK ~ cash flow
elgEl,gTijdUrsnøwkh‘un gamble on the analysis, ~ viC¢man positive cash flow
stock exchange
élEck v. allocate, FnFanEdl)an ~ lMGit adj. detailed, bTbBa¢a ~ detailed
allocated resources instruction
élEck/ kar allocation, ~ KMrUtag sample lMeGog bias, \t ~ unbiased, ~ kñúgcMelIy
allocation, ~ smamaRt proportional response bias, ~ énkar)a:n;sµan estimation
allocation bias, ~ ykKMrUtag sampling bias
élTuk ¬edayELk¦ v. earmark lMeGog/ PaB ¬kñúgkarCYyKaMRT¦ partiality
elakniti civics lMeGog/ min impartial
lMdab; order, ~ esdækic©GnþrCatifµI new lHbg; ¬siT§i/ kartv:a>>>¦ give up or waive
international economic order (NIEO) (right, claim...)
lMdab;éf¶Ex/ tam chronological order lHbg;siT§/ kar waiver
lMnwg equilibrium, éfø ~ equilibrium price elaHxøÜn/ R)ak; ransom
lMnwg/ PaBKµan disequilibrium l,ickic©klminl¥/ Gñklk;Edlman mala fide
lMenA domicile, ~ edIm domicile of origin, seller
man ~ pøÚvkarenAkm<úCa domiciled in Cambodia el,Is n. excess
lMnaM pattern, ~ vilpøas;bþÚrKña patern of el,Óncracr velocity of circulation,
rotation, ~ esdækic© economic pattern ~ rUbiyvtßú velocity of money
lM)ak difficult, hard lµm ¬]> minefakminéfø¦ adj. moderate

lMhUr flow elµIs ¬c,ab;/ kic©snüa¦ v. infringe, kar ~
infringement
lMhUrKMhukcUl influx elµIs v. contravene
lMhUrcUl inflow, ~ BIbreTs ¬CMnYy/ elµIskic©snüa/ kar breach of contract
rUbiyb½NÑ>>>¦ foreign inflows elµIsc,ab; unlawful, meFüa)ay ~
189
unlawful means vtßúrwb)an spoils
elµIsvin½y/ kar breach of discipline vb,Fm’ culture, ~ rYceTas culture of
l¥itl¥n; rW briyayy:agl¥itl¥n; elaborate impunity
el¥óg error, ~ kñúgkareRCIsKMrUtag sample v½yekµg/ RbCaCn young people
selection error, ~ kñúgkarvas;Evg error in v:arIy:g; variance (statistics), ~ cMelIy
measurement, ~ b:Hb:UvKña compensating Tak;Tin correlated response variance,
errors, ~ EpñkTsSnaTan conceptual error, ~ cMelIysamBaØ simple response variance
~ ykKMrUtag sampling error vaTb,divaT rW vaTRbtivaT controversy
vaytMél/ kar appraisal, ~ CnbTedayman
v karcUlrYm participatory rural appraisal
(PRA)
vKÁGnuvtþ workshop vaytMél/ kar assessment, ~ PaBRkIRkeday
vdþ cycle, ~ énPaBRkIRk cycle of poverty, mankarcUlrYm participatory poverty
~ eronsURtedaydkBiesaFn_ experimental assessment (PPA)
learning cycle, ~ esdækic© economic cycle

vaytMél/ kar evaluation, ~ KMerag\NTan
credit project evaluation, ~ eRkayeBl
vDÆnPaB progress, ~ smas compound
growth KMeragcb; ex-post project evaluation, ~
vNÑ³ class, ~ sgÁm social class FnFan nigtMrUvkar demand and resource
vNÑ³kNþal ¬rW vNÑ³KhbtI¦ middle class evaluation (DARE)
vNÑ³GPiCn nobility vaytMéleLIgvij v. reassess, kar ~

reassessment, revaluation
vtßúFatuedIm raw material vaynPNÐ textile, ]sSahkmµ ~ textile
vtßúFatueRbIR)as; consumables industry
vtßúFana/ edayKµan without security vaynPNÐ/ TMnij textile, soft goods
vtßúniTÞsSn_ feature vaybenßak v. underrate
vtßúbBa©aM object in pawn, collateral vayBn§/ Gñk ¬m> kMNt;Bn§/ Gñk¦ assessor of
vtßúpÁt;pÁg; supply, provision taxes
vaysµan/ kar speculation, ~ suT§saF pure
vtßúmantMél valuables
190
speculation origin, ~ bBa¢ak;BIkEnøgEkécñ certificate of
varIvb,kmµ aquaculture processing, ~ bBa¢ak;KuNPaB certificate
varIGKÁisnI/ sMNg; hydropower of quality, ~ bBa¢ak;suxPaBl¥ clean bill of
construction
vas;)an/ PaBGac measurability health, ~ BinitüeraKqøg certificate of
vas;EvgPaBmancMeNj/ kar measurement quarantine, viBaØabnb½RtGnusidæ certificate

of profitability of registration
vikáybRt invoice, bill, ~ kMBugbBa¢Ún bill in vitikmµFnsaFarN³ ¬karekjRbv½Ba©RTBüsm,tþi
transit, ~ Ky customs invoice, ~ dwk saFarN³¦ misappropriation of public
funds
CBa¢Únsrub groupage/grouped bill of vitßarkmµ ¬m> BRgIk/ kar¦ expansion
lading, ~ RtUvsg bill payable, ~ RtUvsg
vieTsP½NÐ ¬m> TMnijnaMcUl¦ imports
enAeBlbgðaj bill at sight, ~ beNþaHGasnñ viTüal½y high school, Gnu ~ junior high
pro forma invoice, ~ eGayRbmUlR)ak; bill school
sent for collection, ~ lk; ¬TMnij¦ sale viTüasaRsþvas;Evgesdækic© econometrics
invoice, ~ BaNiC¢kmµ commercial invoice viTüasaRsþesdækic© economics, applied
viC¢man/ CBa¢IgTUTat; positive balance of economics
payments viFan rule, ~ RbugRby½tñ prudential rule
viC¢aCIv³ adj. professional, esah‘uy ~ viFankar measure, ~ esdækic© economic
professional fees, karrkSasMgat; ~ measure, ~ sareBIBn§ fiscal measure
professional secrecy viFankarkarBarplitplkñúgRsuk
viC¢aCIv³esrI liberal profession protectionist measure
viC¢anaTIBlrdæ civics viFanTUeTA/ tam as a general rule
viC¢asßanCatisßiti National Institute of viFI method, ~ Tajehtupl deductive
Statistics (NIS) method
viBaØabnkmµ/ lixit notarial deed viFIedaHRsayBIrpøÚv two-track approach
viBaØabnb½Rt certficate, ~ TMgn; certificate viFIsaRsþ approach, ~ CYyxøÜnÉg self-help
of weighing, ~ epJIR)ak; certificate of approach
deposit, ~ RbPBedImTMnij certificate of

viFIsaRsþ methodology
191
viFIsaRsþ ¬viPaK¦ tamEbbKuNPaB qualitative bMNul debt crisis
method vi)ak/ EdlCa consequential
viFIsaRsþ ¬viPaK¦ tamEbbbrimaN vibulPaB prosperity
quantitative method
vinicä½y/ kar judgment viPaK/ kar analysis, ~ BIéføedIm cost analysis,
vinieyaK investment, Gñk ~ investor, GaCJa ~ eRKaHRbeTs country-risk analysis,
b½NÑ ~ investment licence, ~ saFarN³ ~ m:aRkUesdækic© macroeconomic analysis
public investment, ~ pÞal;BIbreTs foreign viPaKcMNaynigplcMeNj/ kar cost-benefit

direct investment (FDI) analysis, ~ xagsgÁmkic© social cost-benefit
vinieyaK rW eFVIvinieyaK invest analysis (SCBA), ~ xagesdækci © economic
vinieyaK/ kardkTunQb; disinvestment cost-benefit analysis (ECBA), ~ hirBaØvtßú
vinieyaKcMruH joint venture financial cost-benefit analysis (FCBA)
vinieyaKCamUlb½Rt ¬PaKh‘unTaMgGs;rbs; viPaKTan contribution, ~ CasMPar³
contribution in kind
vinieyaKinNamñak;¦ portfolio investment viPaKénevTyitPaB sensitivity analysis
vinieyaKbnþ v. ¬vinieyaKR)ak;cMeNjeTAkñúg viPaKlMhUrsac;R)ak;Kittamry³eBl
GaCIvkmµvij¦ reinvest, plough back discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis
vinieyaKbnøas; replacement investment viPaCn_/ R)ak; financial appropriation/
vinieyaKbreTs foreign investment allocation
vinieyaKmansuvtßiPaBx<s; ¬]> b½NÑrtnaKar¦ viPaCn_RKYsar family allowance(s)

gilt-edged investments vimCÄkar decentralisation, GMNac ~
vinieyaKrUbvnþ
physical investment decentralised power, eFVI ~ decentralise
(materials, money...) viercnkmµ ¬m> visuT§ikmµ¦ purge
vinieyaKCah‘un/ kar equity investment vivtþn_/ kar evolution, dMeNIkar ~ evolving
vinieyaKeLIgvij v. reinvest process
vinieyaKin investor vivnkar ¬m> éRBeQI/ karkab;¦ deforestation
vinÞPaB ¬m> cMeNj/ PaBman¦ gain vivaT n. dispute, ynþkaredaHRsay ~
vibtiþ crisis, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial crisis, ~ dispute settlement mechanism, ~ dIFøI
land dispute
192
visC¢na ¬m> karepJIR)ak;ecj¦ remittance evKBl ¬m> el,Óncracr¦
visPaK/ visman heterogenous evC¢saRsþ adj. medical, CMnYy ~ medical
vismta disequilibrium assistant, GñkCMnYy ~ medical aid, Gñk ~
vismFn/ r)ay unequal wealth distribution medic
vismPaB inequality, ~ énR)ak;cMNUl evTyitkmµbBa©úHbBa©Úl/ eFVI v. lobby

income inequality evTyitPaB ¬sßiti¦ sensitivity, viPaKén ~
vismamaRt disproportionate, ~ cMnYnsac; sensitivity analysis
R)ak; disproportionate amount of cash evTika forum, platform

vismitPaB incompatibility Evgq¶ay/ EdlemIleXIj far-sighted
vishmCÄkar deconcentration
vis½y sector, TUTaMg ~ sectorwide, tam ~ s
sectoral, kMrit ~ sectoral level skmµ/ ya:g lively
vis½yminTak;TgnwgRKYsar non-household skmµRKb;RKg proactive
sector
visaNU ¬m> vIrus¦ virus skmµeT,Ig/ eFVIeGay v. activate
visamBaØ/ sm½yRbCMu extraordinary session skmµRbyuT§ proactive
visalPaB scope skmµPaB activity, ~ GaCIvkmµ business
activity
visuT§ikmµ purge saklPavUbnIykmµesdækic© globalisation of
viessanumanviFI ¬m> viFITajehtupl¦ economy
deductive method skçIkmµ proof
viesaFnkmµ amendment (of a law, skçIkmµ/ cMNayman justified expense
contract...)
visMBaFesdækic© economic depression skçIb½Rt supporting document
(accounting)
vIedGU video skçIb½Rt ¬b½NÑcMNay¦ voucher
vIrus virus, ~ kMuBüÚT½r computer virus skçIb½RtcuHbBa¢I journal voucher
vwkvr/ kar upheaval, ~ kñúgsgÁm social skçIb½Rt\NTan credit slip
upheaval
skþanuBl n. potential
193
skþanuPaB potentiality v. depress
skþanuPUt adj. potential sgát;F¶n; v. emphasise

skþiPUminiym feudalism sgáat;RkIRk ¬rexkrxak¦ slum, Gñkrs;enAkñúg
~ slum-dwellers
skþisiT§i effective, PaB ~ effectiveness segát v. observe, esckþI ~ observation
sg ¬karxUcxat¦ v. pay compensation, segát ¬emIl¦/ kar observation
recompense
sgkarR)ak; v. service a debt segçb/ esckþI ¬GtßbT¦ executive
summary
sgtambBa¢a v. pay to order segçbsMrab;eKalneya)ay policy brief
sgtambBa¢a adj. payable to order sgÁtPaB ¬m> suIKña/ PaB¦ consistency
sgbNþak;/ kar ¬]> tamEx¦ payment by
instalments sgÁm society, ~ ksikmµ agrarian society,
sgbNþak;/ R)ak; instalment, RbB½n§ ~ ~ suIvil civil society
instalment system
sg)an payable sgÁmCati nation
sgR)ak;CMBak; pay the balance sgÁmviTüa sociology
sgR)ak;CMBak;/ kar back payment sgÁhFn mutual fund
sgR)ak;bNþak;/ kar deferred payments sgÁhsmaKm mutual societies
sgR)ak;eBlbgðajÉksar pay at sight, kar sRgÁam/ sßanPaBsßitkñúg act of war
~ sight payment s®gÁam/ ehtuekIteLIgeday act of war
sgpþac; redeem, ~ bMNul redeem a debt s®gÁamraMuér: protracted war
sgpþac;/ kar redemption, ~ nUvRTBüvinieyaK se®gÁaHEpñkmnusSFm’/ kar humanitarian relief
redemption of investment materials sgS½y/ eday\t undoubted
sgvij v. pay back, refund, reimburse, sc©karP½NÐ ¬m> vtßúbBa©aM¦ collateral, object
kar ~ repayment, reimbursement in pawn
sgvij/ R)ak; repayment, refund sc©FarN_ presumption, ~ énnireTas
sgeGayGñkkan; v. & adj. 1. pay to presumption of innocence
bearer 2. payable to bearer sc©anumti ratification
sgátc; Hu ¬TIpSar/ GarmµN_/ Qñan;RhVaMgrfynþ >>>¦ sc©aRbNiFan oath of allegiance
194
sc©avIkrN_ confession sniTankmµ rationalisation, ~ m®nþIraCkar
sCÄtþikr ¬m> suT§¦ net, tMél ~ net cost rationalisation of civil servants
sCÄnþik³ intrinsic sniTankmµ/ eFVI v. rationalize

sBa¢½y savings, KNnI ~ savings account sniTanPaB rationality, rationale
sBaØa/ sBaØasMKal; ¬TMnij¦ brand sniTanIy ¬m> smehtupl¦ rational
sBaØaxn§ perception snþrRbevsn_ ¬m> cMNakRsuk¦ migration
sBaØaN notion snþiPaB/ karksag peace building
sBaØab½NÑ bond ( issued by a company snþisux security, ~ Blkmµ labour security,
~ es,óg food security
to borrow money), Tinñpl ~ bond yield,
~ rdæaPi)al government bonds
snþisuxsgÁm social security, viPaKTan ~
social security contribution
sBaØab½NÑ debenture, Gñkkan; ~ debenture snÞna/ kar¼kic© rW snÞnakar conversation
holder
sBaØaBaNiC¢kmµ commercial mark snÞnIyPaB liquidity
sNþab;Fñab; order, ~ saFarN³ public snÞsSn_ index
order, ~ sgÁm social order
snÞsSn_éføTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer price
index (CPI)
sNæan/ éfø shadow price snÞsSn_britþprNa pss GDP deflator
stüanum½t adj. ¬QrelIkarBitCak;Esþg¦ snÞsSn_ebovtSr_/ kardak; wage indexation
objective
stVciBa©wm ¬ykpl¦ livestock snÞidæPaB understanding, mutual
understanding
stVéRB wildlife, EdnCMrk ~ wildlife snÞúHeCOneTAmux momentum
sanctuary
stVGUsTaj draft animals (US), draught snÞúHCMruj n. impetus
animal (GB) sn§isBaØa treaty
sTÞanuRkm glossary, lexicon snñidæan/ kar conclusion, inference
sT§aTan liberality, liberal gift, snñiFi stock
generosity, gratuity snñiFikark³ ¬m> snSMR)ak;/ Gñk¦ saver
sT§aluPaB ¬m> gayeCO/ PaB¦ credulity snñi)at convention
195
snñisIT conference smtulü balance, ~ edImRKa¼cugRKa opening/
snñisITkMBUl summit closing balance, ~ TMnijnigesva balance
snµtCamun presumption on goods and services, ~ enACMBak;
snµtikmµ rW karsnµt convention outstanding balance, ~ manelx ¬minsUnü¦
snüa/ kar promise, pledge open balance, ~ viC¢man¼GviC¢man positive/
snüacMNay/ kar promise to pay negative balance, ~ minTan;TUTat; unpaid
(French: engagement de dépense) balance, ~ \NTayI¼\Nayik credit/debit
snüatamhtßelxa/ kar ¬FnaKar¦ guarantees balance
and commitments under signature
(banking)
smtßkic©/ man competent, GaCJaFr ~
competent authority
snüalk;Cak;lak;/ kar firm offer smtßPaB capacity, kñúg ~ tampøÚvc,ab; in a
snøwkdac;BIKña/ esovePAFM loose-leaf ledger legal capacity, ~ plit production
snøwkh‘un share, stock capacity, ~ pÞúk load-carrying capacity,
snSM/ R)ak; savings, KNnIsnSM savings ~ eBjelj full capacity, ~ rkR)ak; earning
account
snSM ¬R)ak;¦/ Gñk saver capacity, ~ elIs excess capacity
snSMTukEtm/ kar collection of stamps smtßPaB ¬eFVIGVImYy¦ capability

snSMsMéc economise smtßPaB/ kar)at;bg; incapacity
snSMsMéc/ Epnkar thrift plan smtßPaB/ man capable, efficient, kmµkr ~
efficient worker
snSMsMécfamBl/ kar energy conservation smtßPaBxagbBaØa mental ability
sb,úrsFm’ charity smtßPaBsgbMNulrbs;Gñkx©I credit rating
s½BÞb½Rt ¬katTUrs½BÞ¦ phone card smFm’ equity, mUlniFi ~ equity fund,
sPaK ¬m> esµIsac;¦ homogenous ~ sgÁm social equity
sPapat;Tat; clearing house (banking) smFm’/ Kµan unfair
sPaBaNiC¢kmµ chamber of commerce smFm’/ eday equitable
smkalkmµ synchronisation smFm’/ man fair, with equity
smta ¬m> lMnwg¦ equilibrium smPaKI counterpart
196
smPaB equality, ~ énR)ak;cMNUl income smaPaK ratio, karviPaK ~ ratio analysis
equality smaPaKkMeNIncMNUlBn§ eFobnwgkMeNIn
smmitþ n. comrade plitplCatisrub marginal-tax ratio
smmUl equivalent, ~ nig equivalent to, smaPaKcMNUleFobnwgTunvinieyaK return on
tMél ~ equivalent value investment ratio
smrmü fair, reasonable, éfø ~ fair/ smaPaKplcMeNjeFobcMNay benefit-cost
reasonable price, PaB ~ fairness ratio
smlµm adequate smaPaKbMNul debt ratio

smlµm/ min inadequate smaPaKrh½s quick ratio
smRsb adj. appropriate, bec©kviTüa smaPaKsmlµménTun capital adequacy
ratio
smRsb ~ appropriate technology smamaRt proportion, karélEck ~
smRsb/ min inappropriate, unsuitable proportional allocation, ~ nwg in
smehtupl adj. rational, karrMBwg ~ proportion to
rational expectation smayat ¬m> kUta¦
sm½yRbCMu session, ~ eBjGgÁ plenary smasFatu element
session
smaKt partner smasPaK component
smaKm association, ~ dwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas smasPaB composition
GnþrCati International Air Transport smahrNkmµ integration, ~ ]sSahkmµ
Association (IATA) integration of industry, ~ bBaÄr vertical
smac½y ¬m> bgÁrTuk¦ accumulate integration, ~ esdækic© economic integration
smac½yTun capital accumulation smitPaB ¬PaBcUlKñacuH¦ compatibility
smaCikbMrug reserve member (of a smiT§ikmµ/ smiT§ipl realisation
committee) smiT§ilT§PaB/ karsikSaBI feasibility study
smaCikPaB membership smIkar equation
smankmµ ¬kareFVIeGayRCYtRCab¦ smuc©½y collection
assimilation
smancitþ sympathy smUhPaB collectivity
197
smUhPaB/ Ca collective, sñaéd ~ collective srub total, ~ rYm grand total, ~ rg
work subtotal
smUhPavUbnIykmµ collectivisation svnkmµ audit, auditing, nItiviFI ~ auditing
sm,Tan concession, ~ éRBeQI forest procedures, GaCJaFr ~ Cati National
concession, ~ éfø price concession Auditing Authority, ~ BIeRkA¼épÞkñúg
sm,Tan adj. concessional, concessionary external/internal audit, ~ ÉkraCü
kMcIpþl; ~ concessional loan, lkçxNÐ ~ independent audit
concessionary terms svnkr auditor, ~ ÉkraCü independent
sm,Tan/ Edlminpþl; non-concessional auditor
sm,Tanik concessionnaire, concession svnakar hearing

holder svnakarRbtibkS ¬svnakarEdlKUkþItTl;Kña¦
sm,rayikTan ¬m> tMélGnaKt¦ future adversary proceeding
value shkmµsiT§i co-ownership, shkmµsiT§ikr
sm,rivtþn_ ¬m> pøas;bþÚr/ kar¦ change co-owner, co-proprietor
sm<½n§kar liaison shkrN_ n. cooperative, BaNiC¢kmµ ~

cooperative trade
sm<½n§PaB alliance shkar/ kic© collaboration
smµtikmµ hypothesis shkal rW shsm½y contemporary
smµamti/ eKalneya)ay orthodox policy shk,d ¬karrYmKMnitk,t;¦ conspiracy
smµúxIkmµ ¬m> RbQmmuxKña/ kar¦ shRkumh‘un cartel
confrontation
sresrCaelxkUd v. encode shRKas enterprise, firm, ~ esrI free
enterprise, ~ xñattUc small-scale
sresrTak;TgxagCMnYj/ kar business enterprise
correspondence
srIragÁ/ ksikmµ organic agriculture shRKasFuntUc nigmFüm small and
medium enterprise (SME)
srub total, aggregate, tMrUvkar¼karpÁt;pÁg; ~ shRKaspÁt;pÁg;saFarN³ public utilities
aggregate demand/supply
srub gross, plitplkñúgRsuksrub gross shRKasrdæ ¬rW shRKassaFarN³¦
state-owned enterprise
domestic product (GDP)
shRKin entrepreneur
198
shRKinPaB entrepreneurship sakvb,kmµ horticulture
shcugecaT co-defendant saksYr/ kar ¬B½t’man/ éfø>>>¦ inquiry, lixit
shCIB trade union (GB), labour union ~ B½t’man letter of inquiry
(US) saksYrB½t’man v. make enquiries
shCIB/ karcUl unionisation saxa ¬Rkumh‘unemkan;kab;h‘unTaMgGs;¦ branch,
shCIBhtßkr blue-collar union wholly owned subsidiary, ~ enAbreTs
shCIvin¼smmitþ n. comrade overseas branches
shFn ¬RkumrdæFøab;enAkñúgcRkPBGg;eKøs¦ saxapþl;hirBaØb,Tan financing arm
commonwealth, shFnrdæÉkraCü saKrsaRsþ oceanography
commonwealth of independent states sagsg;-GaCIvkmµ-epÞr build, operate,
shbdiPaK ¬GñkRKb;RKgkarkS½yFnEtgtaMg transfer (BOT)
edaytulakar¦ trustee in bankruptcy sac;jati n. relative
shRbtibtþikar cooperation, eFVI ~ v. sac;R)ak; cash, CMnYs ~ cash substitute,
cooperate, EdleFVI ~ cooperative adj. ~ enAFnaKar cash in bank, ~ bnþicbnþÜc
shRbFan co-chair petty cash, ~ bMrug cash reserves, ~ man
shB½T§ spouse kñúgéd hard cash
shPaKkmµ/ maRta rW kic©snüacUlh‘un article sac;R)ak;kñúg ebLa¼éd cash in hand (GB),
of copartnership cash on hand (US)
shPaBRkumh‘un company union sac;R)ak;kñúgXøaMg vault cash
sac;R)ak;nigRTBügaybþÚrCasac;R)ak; liquidity
shlkçnþik³m®nþIraCkarsuIvil co-statute of saCafµI/ eFVI ¬m> cMlgtam/ eFVI¦ replicate
civil servants
shsm<½n§ correlation saCIvkmµ corporation
shesvik colleague saCIvkmµ public company or public
limited company (PLC)
sh\NTayk co-creditor saFnPaB solvency
sehtu causal saFnIy ¬EdlGacsgbMNul¦ solvent
sakl global saFarN³ adj. public, GgÁPaB ~ public
199
entity, vis½y ~ public sector, esckþIRbkas an inventory
CasaFarN³ ~ public proclamation sareBIP½NÐ/ eFVI v. take stock, kar ~

stocktaking
saFarN³kar public works sareBIP½NÐTMnijsMrab;lk; sales mix
saFarNCn public, general public sareBIP½NÐedIm qñaM¼RKa beginning inventory
saFarNCn/ EdlKitRbeyaCn_ public-spirited sarPaB/ kar confession
saebkçPaB ¬PaBmanTMnak;TMng¦ relativity sarmÖ ¬m> RbkYtRbECg/ kar¦ competition
samKÁIPaB solidarity sarvnþ/ Ca essential, TMnij ~ essential
samBaØ ordinary, h‘un ~ ¬m> h‘unFmµta¦ goods
ordinary share sar³sMxan; significance
samBaØkmµ/ kareFVI simplification, sareGLicRtUnik/ GuIEml electronic mail or
~ nItiviFIKy simplification of customs email
procedures sar\NTaneTscrN_ traveller’s letter of
samyikPaB periodicity credit
samayik ¬m> tamkalkMNt;/ eTogeBl¦ sar\NTanGaclubvij)an revocable letter
periodic, timely of credit
samIbrivtþ alienator saracr circular
sar message salRkm ¬tulakar¦ judgment
sarkarI notary public saldIka ruling (supreme court)
sarxøI² short message, note salakb½Rtpþl;TMnij due-card
sarFatu substance sala kat;kþI¼CMrHkþI court or lawcourt
sarFatueqH flammable substance salamFümsikSa secondary school,
sarFatubMBul pollutant ~ TutiyPUmi higher secondary school,
sarB½t’man journal ~ bzmPUmi lower secondary school
sareBIBn§ adj. fiscal, RTBüskmµ ~ fiscal sala]T§rN_ apellate court
asset, »nPaB ~ fiscal deficit, neya)ay ~ savta background
fiscal policy, qñaM ~ fiscal year sikçasala seminar, workshop
sareBIP½NÐ inventory, eFVIbBa¢I ~ draw up sikSaenAkariyal½y/ kar desk study
200
sikSabg;éfø/ kar tuition class siT§ieRbIR)as;dIGñkdéT easement
sikSaBIPaBGaceFVI)an/ kar feasibility study siT§iPtisnüa ¬siT§iénkic©snüaCYl¦ right to
sikSamunkarsikSaBIPaBGaceFVI)an/ kar the lease
pre-feasibility study siTi§ls; ¬rbs;kUnbMNulGuIb:UEtk¦ equity of
sikSaEsVgyl;/ kar reconnaissance study redemption
siT§anþ dogma siT§ieGayrksIupþac;muxtamEbbbTeK/ karpþl;

business format franchising
siT§i right, ~ bdiesFTImYy right of first siT§iGMNac authority, power, mandate
refusal, ~ e)aHeqñat voting right, ~ pþac;mux siniT§Bl ¬kMlaMgpSarP¢ab;Kña¦ cohesion
exclusive right
siT§i/ Edlman eligible, ~ e)aHeqñat eligible sib,kmµ handicraft
to vote sIlFm’ ethics, ~ viC¢aCIv³ ethics
siT§i/ Edlman preferential, \NTaykman sIlFm’ morality, man ~ l¥ good morality,
siT§iTarbMNulmun preferential creditor ~ sgÁm social morality
siT§ikan;kab; n. ¬GclnRTBüCYl¦ tenancy swkerc/ kar wear and tear, depreciation
siT§iXat;Tuk lien suRkitüPaB/ lkçxNÐ idealised condition
siT§icMlg copyright suxdumnIykmµ harmonisation
siT§iqøgkat; ¬dIeK¦ right of way suxdumrmna/ PaB harmony
siT§idkR)ak; ¬siT§isMux©I¦ drawing right, suxPaB/ karEfTaM health care
~ sV½yRbvtþi automatic-drawing right suxPaBl¥/ man adj. healthy
siTdi§ kBiess Special Drawing Rights (SDR) suxevTn_RbeTs welfare state
siT§iTijPaKh‘un ¬kñúgéføNamYyenAeBlNa suxumalPaBRKYsar family well-being
mYy¦ naGnaKt share option suqnÞ³ n. goodwill
siT§iTijmuneK ¬nUvsnøwkh‘unecjpSayfµI suTidiæniym optimism
EfmeTot¦ preemption suTidæi/ kar)a:n;sµan optimistic estimate
siT§iRbTan proxy suT§ net, karnaMecj ~ net exports
siT§ieRbIeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ ¬edIm,IeFVIGaCIvkmµ¦ suT§citþ/ eday free will
franchise suBlPaB validity, pþl; ~ validate
201
suPnicä½y common sense and conditions book
surieyadI cadastre esovePAbnÞúkénkarvinieyaK book of

investment
suvtßiPaB safety, sMNaj; ~ rWRbB½n§ ~safety net esovePAebLasMéc savings-bank book
suvtßiPaB/ Kµan unsafe esovePAR)ak;beBaØI passbook
suvuDÆikmµ ¬m> EklMG/ kar¦ amelioration esovePA eyag¼RsavRCav reference book
suivil adj. civil esovePAs White Book
suIKña/ PaB coherence, consistency esovePAsgR)ak; cash paid book
suICMerA/ karvaytMél in-depth evaluation se®gÁaH v. rescue, kar ~ n. rescue
suIDI vIedGU video CD se®gÁaH/ kar salvage ( ship or cargos)
suIDIr:m CD-Rom se®gÁaHRkumh‘unCYbkarlM)akxaghirBaØvtßú v.
suaM ¬nwgCMgW¦/ PaB immunity bail out
sUk v. bribe se®gÁaHbnÞan; emergency, kMcI ~ emergency
sUcnakr ¬m> GaMDIkaT½r¦ indicator loan, KMerag ~ emergency project, mUlniFi
sUhVEvr software (computer programme) ~ emergency fund viFankar ~ emergency
sYy rW sYysarGakr royalties measures
esckþIEcg provision (law)
sYrbBa¢ak;sakSIepÞógpÞat;nwgcMelIyeBlmun v.
cross-examine esckþIENnaM instruction, direction
esovePAk,Ün manual esckþIéføfñÚr dignity
esovePAcMNaytUctac petty-cash book esckþIeTIbelIkeLIg foregoing
esovePAcMNayR)ak; cash-disbursement esckþIRbkas statement
book esckþIRbkasCasaFarN³ public statement/
esovePAcMNUlR)ak; cash-receipt book proclamation
esovePAFnaKar bank book esckþIepþIm introduction
esovePAFM ledger (accounting), general esckþIRBag draft
ledger, ~ Tij purchase ledger, ~ rg esckþsI eM rc decision, kareFVI ~ decision making,
subsidiary ledger GñkeFVI ~decision maker, ~ tamc,ab; legal
esovePAbnÞúk ¬sMrab;edjéfø¦ tender terms decision, ~RbkbedayKti rational decision
202
esckþIsMerccitþ ¬énGgÁRbCMu¦ resolution esrI free, pSar ~ free market, Rbtibtþikar
esckIþsMercrbs;GaCJakNþal award elIpSar ~ open market operations
esdækic© economy, ~ kMBugegIbeT,Ig esrIPaBksagsmaKm freedom of
emerging economies, ~ ggwt black association
economy, ~ TIpSar market economy,

esrIPaBénBlrdæ civil liberty
~ TIpSarerobry ¬rW ~ niy½tTIpSar ¦ market-
esrIPavUbnIykmµ liberalisation, ~ BaNiC¢kmµ
liberalisation of trade
regulated economy, ~ TIpSaresrI free esvPaB easement
market economy, ~ neya)ay political esva service, kic©snüa ~ service contract,
economy, ~ ebIkcMh open economy, kMér ~ service fees, ]sSahkmµ ~ service
~ eRbIR)ak;kas cash economy, ~ Epnkar
industry, ~ RckecjcUlEtmYy one-stop
planned economy, ~ EpnkarRbmUlpþúM service, ~ bnÞab;bnSM ancillary services,
centrally planned economy, ~ maRtdæan ~ bMNul loan service (interest payment),
economies of scale, ~ mUlFn capitalist ~ hirBaØvtßú financial services, ~ Gb;rM
economy, ~ rUbiyvtßú money economy, education service
~ vimCÄkar decentralised economy esvakmµ service
esdækic©/ viTüasaRsþvas;Evg econometrics esvakmµTMnij/ RKwHsßan merchandising
esdækic©-sgÁmkic©/ Gegát socio-economic service establishment
survey ess/ elx odd number
esdækic©ÉkCn/ GgÁPaB private economic sesIr/ Edl complementary
entity esuIbGegát v. investigate
esdæBaNiC¢kmµ commercial dealing esaFnnivtþn_ retirement pension, pension,
esdæviTU economist mUlniFi ~ pension fund
esNarIy:U scenario esah‘uy expense, charge, ~ FnaKar bank
esnaFikar executive body/entity/unit charge
esnaFikar ¬sßab½n¦ mecanism esah‘uybegáItshRKasdMbUg initial outlay
esyümanH superiority complex or initial capital outlay
sMxan;CagGVIÉeTot overriding (in text of
203
law) sMBaF n. pressure, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial
sMgat; confidential pressure, dak; ~ v. put pressure
sMécFnFan/ karKitKUr husbanding of sMPar³ material
resources
sMEdg ¬tY¦ role play sMPas/ eFVIsMPas v. interview
sMedA oriented (orientated) sMPasn_muneBlpþl;CMnYy pre-grant
interview
sMNg ¬karxUcxat/ CMgWcitþ¦ compensation, sMeyaK/ plitpl synthetic products
redress, indemnity
sMNg/ eFVI v. indemnify sMrg; extract
sMNgcMeBaHkarxUcxat/ ¬R)ak;¦ damages sMrg;KNnI statement of account,
~ BIFnaKar bank statement
sMNl; ¬fvika¦ excess
sMNl; ¬GVIEdlenAsl;¦ remainder sMrg;GtßbT n. abstract
sMNl;/ tMél residual value sMrab; set (e.g. a set of six chairs)
sMNak ¬m> KMrUtag¦ sample sMruHsMrYl/ kar mediation
sMNUk n. bribe, sIu ~ take a bribe sMruHsMrYl/ Gñk mediator
sMNUmBr demand sMrYl/ CYy v. facilitate
sMeNI proposal, ~ KMerag project proposal sMrYl/ ]bkrN_ facility, ~ sMrab;mUlniFibEnßm
sMeNI n. request extended fund facility (EFF), ~ sMrab;
sMeNA voucher EktMrUvbEnßm extra-structural adjustment

facility (ESAF)
sMNMuerOg dossier sMrYlkar/ eRKOg¼kEnøg facilities
sMNMuÉksar/ karksag documentation sMerc final, end, pl ~ end result
sMbkevcx©b; packing, packaging sMerc v. decide, KMnUsedImeQIénRbB½n§ ~
(accounting), ~ RbmUlvij¼epJITuk returnable decision-tree
packing, ~ minRbmUlvij non-returnable sMerc/ eFVI[sMerc v. realise
packing sMelgeqñat vote
sMbuRtkMeNIt birth certificate sMelgPaKeRcIn ¬e)aHeqñat¦ majority
sMbuRtKaMRT ¬eGaycUleFVIkar¦ testimonial sMviFanFn provision reserve (accounting)
204
sMviFanvtßú provision (supply) stock, ~ TMnijsMrab;lk; stock in trade, ~
sMviFanvtßú ¬sMrab;TUTat;mUlb,Tanb½Rt¦ fund sMrab;Tb;Tl;karERbRbYl buffer stock
(French: provision) sþúk/ kar ¬Tukdak;GIv:an;kñúgXøaMg¦ storage
sMGitsMGag/ kar ¬m> visuT§ikmµ¦ purge sþúk ¬Tuk¦/ kar stocking, stockpiling
saMjúaM complex, PaBsaMjúaM complexity
sÁal;/ TTYlsÁal; v. recognise sßanPaB status, TIPñak;garRsavRCav ~ Rkumh‘un
s¶ÜtEhg/ tMbn; arid area status-inquiry agency
sþg;dar ¬KuNPaB¦/ dl; up to standard sßanPaBKµansiT§iGMNac/ karRcancUl
sþg;dar standard, ~ GnþrCati international marginalisation
standard, ~ bBa¢a compulsory standard,

sßanPaBCak;EsþgkMBugman status quo
~KuNPaB quality standard, ~ RBag draft
sßanPaBRtUveFVICMerIsd¾Bi)ak dilemma
standard sßanIy station, ~ eKaledA station of
sþg;darmas gold standard, RbB½n§bþÚr destination, ~ ecjdMeNIr station of
R)ak;tam ~ gold standard system origin
sþg;darUbnIykmµ standardisation sßabtükmµ architecture

sþg;Dig standing (bank), FnaKarman ~ l¥ sßab½n institution, agency, ~ rdæ government
bank of good standing agency, ~ saFarN³Rbhak;RbEhl quasi-
sþarCYsCuleGaydUcedIm/ kar restoration public institution, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial
sþarhirBaØvtßúeLIgvij/ kar rehabilitation of institution, ~ eGayx©IR)ak; lending
finances institution, ~ \NTan credit institution
sþareLIgvij rehabilitate, kar ~ rehabilitation, sßabnik founder
KMerag ~ rehabilitation project sßabnikRkumh‘un company promoter
sþITI interim sßabnUbnIykmµ institutionalisation, eFVI ~
sþúk inventory, b½NÑ ~ inventory stock card institutionalise
sþúk stock, ~ kñúgéd stock in hand, ~ cas; sßiti statistics
old stock, ~ eRcIn² stockpile, ~ edImRKa sßirkmµ¼sßirPavUbnIykmµ stablilisation,
opening stock, ~ RtIFmµCati natural fish neya)ay ~ stabilisation policy, ~ rUbiyvtßú
205
monetary stabilisation esµIPaB equality, equitable
sßirPaB stability, ~ éføkñúgRsuk domestic esµIsac; homogenous
price stability, ~ esdækic© economic
esµIsac;/ PaB homogeneity
stability, ~ m:aRkUesdækic© macroeconomic
stability
esµIsac;/ min heterogenous
sßirPaB/ EdlKµan unstable esµón clerk
sÞabsÞg; ¬mti¦ v. canvass esµaHRtg; bona fide, GñkTij ~ bona fide
purchaser
sÞabsÞg;TIpSar v. sound/test the market esµaHRtg;/ eday in good faith
sñak;enA/ GRta occupancy rate (hotel) esµaHsµ½RK/ kar ¬xagneya)ay¦ allegiance
sñaéd work, ~ sil,³ art work (politics)
sñÚl core, fvika ~ core budget, mUlniFi ~ Rsg;KMrUtag/ kar sample implementation
core funding, FnFan ~ core resources Rsgakcitþy:agxøaMg/ kar¼esckþI disillusion
esñI v. request RsTab; stratum, mFümPaKén ~ stratum
esñI/ esckþI request, enquiry mean
esñóteBat ¬bEnø¦ baby corn RsTab;nIykmµ stratification, ~ dMbUg

primary stratification
es,óg foodstuffs, food items RsTab;Er: n. deposit
es,ógsMrab;Blkmµ ¬]> GgárBlkmµ¦ food Rsbc,ab; lawful
for work
s<wkRTwg/ kar stagnation, ~ esdækic© Rsbc,ab;/ min unlawful
economic stagnation RsbCamYy in compliance with
s<wkRTwgmanGtiprNa/ kar stagflation Rsbtamc,ab;/ eFVIeGay v. legalise
(stagnation + inflation) RsavRCav v. research, kar ~ n. research,
sµ½RKcitþ/ karkat;bn§yeday voluntary kar ~ nigGPivDÆn_ research and
restriction/limitation
development (R & D)
sµúKsµaj complex, PaBsµúKsµaj RsavRCavsMrab;Gnuvtþ/ kar applied research
complexity
sµúKsµaj¼saMjúaM/ eFVIeGay v. complicate RsUbcUl/ kar absorption, intake
esµIKña equal, equivalent RsUbyk/ smtßPaB absortive capacity
206
RsUv paddy, karkin ~ paddy husking, s¥ats¥M/ PaB integrity
~ F¶n; late rice, ~ Rsal early rice, short-
season rice
eRsacRsB v. irrigate, kar ~ irrigation, h
RbB½n§ ~ irrigation system htßkmµ manual labour
RbB½n§GnueRKaHTUeTA Generalised System htßekaslü craftsmanship
of Preferences (GSP) htßelxI signatory
RsuHRsYl/ kar compromise h‘un share, karcUl ~ equity participation
søak ¬sMrab;biTelIplitpl¦ label h‘un/ PaKh‘un share, Gñkkan;PaKh‘un
søab;rs;/ bBaða life or death issue shareholder
sV½yRKb;RKg self-managing h‘unFmµta ordinary share, equities
sVy½t autonomous, shRKas ~ h‘unGnueRKaH preference share
autonomous enterprise, GgÁPaBesdækic© ~ hak;K½r ¬GñklYceRCotcUlkñúgRbB½n§kMuBüÚT½r
autonomous economic entity GñkdéT¦ hacker
sV½yTMgn; self-weighting haglk;ray retail outlet
sV½yRTRTg; self-sustaining, self-supporting hat;kar/ Gñk trainee (GB), intern (US)
sV½yPaB/ sVy½tPaB autonomy, sV½yPaB haniP½y exposure (banking), ~ FM large
hirBaØvtßú financial autonomy exposure
sV½yPi)alesdækic© economic autonomy haniP½y risk, karBicarNaBI ~ risk
sV½ysMerc self-determination consideration, ~ rdæaPi)alminGacsgR)ak;
sV½yhirBaØb,Tan self-financing sovereign risk, ~ r:ab;rgedaym©as;¬TMnij¦
sV½yaFibetyü ¬esdækic©m©as;karxøÜnÉgpÞal; min at owner’s risk, ~ \NTansrub aggregate
BwgEp¥kelI karnaMecj-naMcUl rW CMnYyesdækic©¦ credit risk
autarky (economy) hamXat;/ kar prohibition
EsVgrkemIl v. identify hamXat;/ Edl adj. prohibitive (i.e by law)
s¥at adj. clean, ynþkarGPivDÆn_ ~ clean higSa violence
development mechanism hibexµA ¬begáItedaysMgat;¦ slush fund
207
hirBaØb,Tan financing, ~ »nPaB deficit karécñ ~ genetic modification, Ekécñ ~
financing, ~ kñúgRbeTs domestic modify a gene, lMdab; ~ genetic
financing, ~ FnaKar bank financing sequence, sMNMu ~ genome, Gaharécñ ~
hirBaØb,Tan/ pþl;¼eFVI v. finance GM (genetically modified) food
hirBaØvtßú n. finance, KNenyü ~ financial

accounting, ~ saFarN³ public finance, L
~ sßab½n institutional finance Lúgbut ¬GUb½r¦ power boat
hirBaØik n. treasurer LÚt_ batch, elx ~ batch number
hInmanH inferiority complex LÚt_/ dI plot of land
hUtBn§ v. tax, levy LÚsuik logic
hUr/ kar flow eLIgcuH ¬éfø¦/ kar fluctuation
hYskalkMNt;sg overdue, past-due, kMcI eLIgéfø¼tMél/ kar appreciation
~ overdue loan, bMNul ~ past-due debt eLIgéføvij ¬snøwkh‘un>>> eRkayBI)ancuHéfø¦
hYssm½y obsolete, outdated, PaB ~ rally (price)
obsolescence eLIgehIycuH up and down
ehdæarcnasm<½n§ infrastructure
ehtupl rationale
h‘¿uB½T§/ kar embargo, dak;¼elIk karh‘¿uB½T§
G
esdækic© place/lift an economic embargo Gkmµ adj. passive
hÁat; ¬kic©RBmeRBogTUeTAsþIBItaragBn§Ky nig GkçranuRkm rW vcnanuRkm dictionary
BaNiC¢kmµ¦ GATT (General Agreement GKÁ general, GKÁelxaFikar secretary-
on Tariffs and Trade) general
eRhVkg; ¬viTüú¦ frequency GKÁnayk director-general, GKÁnaykrg
deputy director-general
hVIt/ hVÚt ¬rgVas;RbEvg¦ feet, foot
GKÁaFikar general inspector, ~ rg deputy
hVIúhVÚ Fifo (first in, first out) general inspector
EhSn gene, ksikmµécñ ~ GM agriculture, GKÁaFikardæan general inspectorate
208
GKÁIsnIPavUbnIykmµ electrification semiconductor
Gegát v. & n. survey, Tinñn½y ~ survey GgÁnItibBaØtþi legislature

data, Rbtibtþikar ~ survey operation,
GgÁpSM n. aggregate
el¥óg ~ survey error, ~ eKal benchmark GgÁPaB unit, entity
survey, ~ KMrUtag sample survey, ~ RKYsar
GgÁPaB/ kñúg in-house, karbNþúHbNþalPasa
~ in-house language training
household survey, ~ ¬Ca¦mUldæan baseline GgÁPaBesdækic© economic entity, ~ cMruH
survey, ~ dIFøI land survey, ~ TUeTA general mixed economic entity, ~ sVy½t
survey, ~ RTg;RTayFM large-scale survey, autonomous economic entity
~ RbCaCn population survey GgÁPaBGaCIB firm
Gegát/ GñkcuHeFVI surveyor GgÁehtu fact
GgÁkar organisation, ~ sgÁm social Gclkmµ ¬m> RTBüskmµCab;lab;/ GclnRTBü¦
organisation immovable property
GgÁkarfñak;eRkam ¬kMritRbCaCn¦ grassroots Gclkmµ/ eFVI v. immobilise (finance)
organisation GclnRTBü real estate
GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al non-government GclnRTBü ¬dI nig¼rW GaKar¦ immovable
organisation (NGO)
property, real estate/property, TIPñak;gar
GgÁkarelx organisation chart, flow chart ~ real-estate agency
GgÁkarshRbtibtþikaresdækic© nigGPivDÆn_ Gclnvtßú ¬m> GclnRTBü¦ immovable

property
Organisation for Economic Cooperation
and Development (OECD) Gcié®nþy_ permanent, RKwHsßan ~ permanent
GgÁkarGcié®nþy_ permanent organ establishment
GgÁkarGnþrCatixagsþg;darUbnIykmµ GciéRnþy_/ lixitbBa¢a standing order

International Organisation for Gcirkal ¬m> ry³eBlxøI¦ short term
Standardisation (ISO) Gectna adj. involuntary, unintentional
GgÁecARkm judiciary Gc©½yTan ¬ekrþ×¦ legacy
GgÁc,ab; nig bTb,BaØtþi body of rules and Gc©½yTanCaclnvtßú ¬GMeNayclnvtßútamry³
regulations
GgÁFatuBak;kNþalcMlg ¬eGLicRtUnik¦ mrtksasn_¦ n. bequest
209
Gc©½yTanCaGclnRTBü n. ¬tammrtksasn_¦ KNenyü ~ inflation accounting, KMlat ~
devise inflationary gap, ry³eBlman ~ inflationary
Gc©½yTanlaPI legatee period
Gc©½yTayk legator GtiprNa/ karbnßy disinflation
GcäinRTBü booty GtiprNaelatepøaH hyperinflation,
GBaØtb½NÑ/ GBaØtb½Rt bill of lading, ~ galloping inflation
edaypÞal; direct bill of lading, ~ rYm GtiprNasnSwm² creeping inflation

omnibus bill of lading Gtipl intensive, ksikmµ ~ intensive
GBaØat unknown (factor, quantity...) agriculture
GBaØatb½NÑpøÚvGakas rW b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas¦ GtiBlkmµ labour-intensive, ]sSahkmµ ~

labour-intensive industry
airway bill
GaNaniKmniymEbbfµI neocolonialism Gtierk surplus
GNþÚg well, ~ xYg drilled well, ~ dak;lU Gtisuxumelak microcosm
ring well GtItPaB seniority, tMelIgfñak;tam ~
GENþt floating, kmµkr ~ temporary worker, promotion by seniority
Blkmµ ~ casual labour, GRta ~ floating GtItyuT§Cn veteran (soldier)

rate, GRtabþÚrR)ak; ~ flexible exchange rate
GtulüPaB imbalance
GENþt¼dak;eGayGENþt¼bENþt v. float Gtþenam½t/ CMerIs subjective choice
Gt;kargareFVI/ PaB joblessness GtþsBaØaNkmµ identification
Gt;kareFVI adj. unemployed, Gñk ~ n. GtþsBaØaNb½NÑ identity card
unemployed, PaB ~ unemployment
GtßKahk ¬m> GñkTTYlpl¦ beneficiary, ~
Gt;c,ab;/ Edl ¬Kµanc,ab;RKb;RKg rW KµankareKarB Cayfaehtu contingency beneficiary
c,ab;¦ lawless GtßRbeyaCn_ benefit, ~ pþl;eGaybuKÁlik
personnel benefits
GtifiCn customer GtßRbeyaCn_bEnßm ¬pþl;CabEnßmelIebovtSr_¦
Gtifita clientele fringe benefits, perks (or perquisites)
GtibrmanIykmµ maximisation GtßiPaB existence
GtiprNa inflation, ktþa ~ inflation factor, GRta rate, ~ efr fixed rate, ~ Bn§ tax
210
rate, ~ GENþt floating rate GRtabMeBjekAGIGñkdMeNIr ¬tamynþehaH¦
GRtakarR)ak; interest rate, ~ carwk nominal passenger load factor
rate of interest, ~ snSM interest rate for

GRtabþÚrR)ak; exchange rate, ~ dl;éd spot
savings exchange rate, ~ efr fixed exchange
GRtakarR)ak;rvagFnaKarBaNiC¢enATIRkugLúg rate, ~ TIpSar parallel market exchange
Libor (London Interbank Offered Rate) rate, ~ enAeBlbiT closing rate, ~ pøÚvkar
GRtakMeNInRbCaCn population-growth rate official exchange rate, ~ mFümRbcaMEx
GRtaKaMBarskþisiT§i effective rate of monthly average exchange rate, ~ man
protection (ERP)
GRtacuHeQµaHcUleron enrollment rate kalkMNt; forward exchange rate, ~ man
(school) sßirPaB stable exchange rate
GRtaecjcUlénBlkr turnover rates of GRtabþÚrrUbiyb½NÑepÞógpÞat; ¬GRtabþÚrR)ak;eFob
labour
tamrUbiyvtßúTI3 dUcCa duløar¦ cross rate,
GRtacMNUlesdækic© economic rate of return exchange cross rate
GRtacMeNj profit margin GRtaRbCasaRsþ demographic rate (birth,
GRtaéføTIpSarRbcaMéf¶ current-market rate death...)
GRtaTajcMNUl rate of return, ~ épÞkñúg GRtapøÚvkar official rate
internal rate of return (IRR), ~ hirBaØvtßú GRtaBn§KyGnueRKaHBiess ¬Tab¦
financial rate of return preferential duty (tariff)
GRtanikmµPaBFmµCati GRtamrN³ mortality rate, death rate, ~
natural unemployment rate kumar infant mortality rate, ~ matuPaB
GRtanukUldæan civil status, esovePA ~ civil maternal mortality rate
status book, sMbuRt ~ certificate of civil GRtaykKMrUtag sampling rate
status GRtaGñkmankargareFVI employment rate
GRtabgVilsþúk ¬kñúg1qñaM¦ stock turnover (ratio) Gefr n. variable
GRtabiT ¬GRtabþÚrR)ak;eBlbiTRbtibtþikar GFikarkic© inspection, kMéresva ~ inspection
RbcaMéf¶¦ closing rate fee, Rkum ~ inspectorate, viBaØabnb½Rt ~
GRtabuKÁlikecj ¬BIGgÁPaB¦ labour inspection certificate, ~ TMnijmuneBlpÞúk
turnover pre-shipment inspection
211
GFikarkic©/ eFVI v. inspect assignor
GFibBa¢a ¬bBa¢arbs;ecARkm¦ injunction Gnub,vaT abstain

(judge’s order) GnuRbFan vice-president, vice-chairman,
GFibtI chairman deputy chairman, ~ smaKm vice-president
GFibetyüPaB sovereignty of an association, ~ RkumRbwkSaPi)al vice-
Gn;KuNPaB ¬TMnij¦ deteriorated (goods) chairman of the board of directors
Gn;fy/ kar ¬KuNPaB/ éfø>>>¦ deterioration GnupléRBeQI forest sub-product, non-

timber forest products (NTFPs)
Gn;fy/ PaB backwardness GnuB½n§BaNiC¢kmµ commercial attaché
GnaKti ¬m> minlMeGog/ PaB¦ impartiality GnuPaB¼\T§iBl/ Edlman influential
GnibuNPaB ¬m> manex©aH/PaB¦imperfection Gnum½tc,ab; enact a law
Gnimitþ ¬m> GaRs½yelI¦ contingent GnurkS supervisor
GnivasCn/ GnivasnCn n. non-resident GnuelameTAtam/ eday in accordance with
GnItiCn n. minor Gnuvtþ/ dak; v. apply
GnItiCnRbRBwtþelµIs n. delinquent Gnuvtþ/ TIPñak;gar implementing agency
GnuRkwtü sub-decree Gnuvtþn_/ karmin non-implementation,
GnuBaØat v. authorise, tMNagmankar ~ rWtMNag non-performance
mansiT§iRbTan authorised representative Gnuvtþn_c,ab;/ kar implementation of a law
GnuBaØat/ kar¼lixit authorisation, Gnuvtþn_Cak;Esþg/ kar practice
permission GnuviTüal½y junior high school
GnuBaØatBIelakGñk/ Edl)ankar with your Gnuvis½y/ kMrit subsectoral level
permission/sanction
GnubNÐit/ fñak; master’s degree GnusBaØa convention
Gnu)at ratio Gnusasn_ recommendation
Gnub,Tan cession GnusTi /i§ lixit¼kBa©b; registered letter/parcel
Gnub,Tanik ¬GñkTTYl RTBüsm,tþi¼karEtgtaMg¼ GnusiT§i/ sar\NTan confirmed letter of credit
siT§i¦ assignee, transferee GnusSarN³ memorandum, ~ RBmeRBog
memorandum of understanding (MOU)
Gnub,TayI ¬Gñk epÞrRTBüsm,tþi¼eFVIkarEtgtaMg¦
212
GnusSarN³begIátRkumh‘un rW lkçnþik³Rkumh‘un GbNsBaØa deal
memorandum of association (GB) or
articles of incorporation (US)
Gb;rMkMritbzm/ kar primary education
GnusSarN³sþIBIeKalneya)ayesdækic© nighirBaØvtßú Gb;rMbec©keTs/ kar technical education
MEFP (Memorandum of Economic Gb;rMmUldæanry³eBl 9qñaM/ kar nine years
and Financial Policy: for the IMF) basic education
GnueRKaH adj. favourable, concessional, Gb;rMsMrab;TaMgGs;Kña education for all
concessionary
Gbhar n. ¬karcuHéfø¦ discount, GRta ~
GnueRKaH/ kar favor, GnueRKaHniym
discount rate, ~ eKal basic discount
favouritism
GnueRKaHBn§/ kar tax relief GbharrUbiyaNtþi/ eFVI v. ¬lk;rUbiyaNtþi
Gnþrkmµ interaction eGayFnaKar¦ discount a bill
GnþrkarI adj. intermediary, KMerag ~ Gbharit n. ¬R)ak;cuHéføeGay¦ discount
intermediary project, TMnij ~ intermediate Gb,PaK ¬m> PaKtic¦ minority
goods Gb,brma/ éfø floor price
GnþrkarI n. intermediary, middleman Gb,brmaPavUbnIykmµ minimisation
GnþrkarIkmµ intermediation, ~ hirBaØvtßú Gb,ha margin, mark-up, ~ dul gross
financial intermediation
margin, ~ suT§ net margin
Gnþrkal transitional, ry³eBl ~ transitional
period, viFankar ~ transitional measures,
GRbtibtiþPaBBaNiC©kmµ commercial
impracticability
esdækic© ~ transitional economy GRbsiT§PaB inefficiency
GnþrFnaKar inter-bank, RbB½n§TUTat; ~ GBaNiC¢/ FnaKar non-commercial bank
inter-bank settlement system
Gnþrb,BaØtþi transitional provision (law) GBÖnþrjaN intuition
Gnþrvis½y inter-sectoral GBüaRkwtniym neutralism
Gnþrskmµ interactive GBüaRkwtPavUbnIykmµ/ GBüaRkwtkmµ
neutralisation (of a country)
Gnþray damage, ~ edaysarTwksmuRT
damaged by seawater GP½yÉksiT§i immunity, ~ karTUt
GnÞak;Cavdþ rW GnÞak;vilvg; ¬Gt;Rckecj¦ diplomatic immunity
vicious cycle
213
GP½yÉksiT§irdæ sovereign immunity Gskmµ inactive
GPi)alkic© governance, ~ mUldæan local GsT§a ¬m> KMnitevocevr¦ bad faith
governance GsmtßPaB incapacity, incompetence
GPirkS/ kar conservation, ~ FmµCati Gs;BIsþúk/ PaB stockout
conservation of nature, ~ dI soil
Gs;esah‘uyeRcIn/ Edl onerous
conservation, GPirkS adj. conservative
GsaFPaB ¬m> minGacsgbMNul)an/ PaB¦
GPirkSBUCRtI/ kEnøg fish sanctuary insolvency
GPivDÆn_/ kar development, CMnYy ~ GsIlFm’ immoral
development aid, KMerag ~ development GhrN-nIhrN import-export
project, yuT§saRsþ ~ development GehtuP½y panic, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial panic
strategies Gakb,kiriya behaviour
GPivDÆn_xusTMng/ kar mal-development GakrBiesselITMnijnigesvamYycMnnY ¬rI Gakr
GmevC¢saRsþ paramedical, Gñk ~ Biess¦ excise tax or excise duty
paramedic
GyutPaB ¬m> vismPaB¦ inequality GakrelItMélbEnßm ¬Gtb¦ value added tax
(VAT) or output tax
GyutiþFm’ injustice GaKar nigdICitGaKar ¬kmµsiT§ikrEtmYy¦
Gyükar ¬PaKIedImecaTkñúgerOgRBhµTNÐ¦ premises
prosecution Gag ¬TenøemKgÁ¦ basin (e.g. of Mekong
Gyükar/ GgÁkar Department of Public River)
Prosecution GacKNna)an computable
GrUbI intangible, RTBü ~ intangible assets GacqabeqH inflammable, TMnij ~
GrUbIykmµ/ eFVI v. abstract inflammable goods
GvDÆnPaB stagnation GacTTYlyk)an eligible
Gvsankfa n. ¬PaKbBa©b;énr)aykarN_¦ GacTsSn_Tay)an adj. predictable
conclusion GacbMEbk)an adj. divisible, sar\NTan ~
Gvsanb,BaØtþi final provision (law) divisible letter of credit
GviC¢man negative, GviC¢mankmµ negation GacpÁt;pÁg;xøÜnÉgRKb;/ PaB self-sufficiency
GevTyitPaB insensitivity GaCIB career
214
GaCIB trade, karcuHéføkñúg ~ ¬edayGñkRbkb (French: mandat de dépense)
rbrdUcKña¦ trade discount/terms, TIsMGag GaNab½k financial manager (French:

ordonnateur), ~ edImExS principal
bBa¢ak;xag ~ trade reference
ordonnateur, ~ epÞrsiT§i delegated
GaCIvkmµ business, ~ CalkçN³RKYsar family ordonnateur
business, ~ QrelIkci ©snüa contractual GaNaBüa)al guardianship, GaCJaFr ~
business supervisory authority
GaCIvkmµ exploitation, kareFVI ~ FnFan GaNaBüa)al ¬Parkic©¦ supervision,
FmµCati exploitation of natural resources GaCJaFr ~ supervisory authority, eRkam ~
GaCIvkmµ ¬yk¦ fµ quarrying hirBaØvtßú énRksYgesdækic©nighirBaØvtßú under
GaCIvkmµmandMeNIrkar going concern the financial supervision of the
GaCIvkr businessman/woman Ministry of Economy and Finance
GaNaBüa)al ¬mnusS¦ guardian
GaCJakNþal referee
GaNikCn expatriate (or expat)
GaCJaFr authority, ~ svnkmµCati National
Auditing Authority GaTiPaB priority, man ~ elI have/take
GaCJanukarI ¬m> tMNagmankarGnuBaØat¦ priority over
authorised representative GaTiPavUbnIykmµ prioritisation, eFVI ~
GaCJab½NÑ n. licence, ~ sMrab;karrukrk ¬eRbg prioritise
GanuPaB power, authority, effect, influence
kat¼Er:>>>¦ prospecting licence, man ~ adj.
licensed GanuPaBKtiyutiþ legal effect
GaCJayukal statute of limitation GabNsBaØa ¬m> RBmeRBogxagCMnYj/ kar¦
GaCJasala n. bailiff deal
Gab; ¬R)ak;¦ xVH v. short-change
GaNtþi term, tenure
GaBah_BiBah_/ sMbuRt marriage certificate
GaNtþiKahk assignee, proxy, attorney
(person appointed to act for another)
Gayu age, Rkum ~ age group
GaNtþiTayk assignor, principal (in Gayukal ¬BIeBlekItdl;søab;¦ lifespan
power transfer) Gayukal rW mYyGayukal lifetime
GaNtþiebIkR)ak; payment warrant GayukaleRbIR)as; ¬énRTBüskmµ¦ useful
GaNtþiebIkR)ak;cMNay order for payment life (accounting)
215
GayukalmFüm ¬Gayurs;enAmFüm¦ life eGkULsÚ Iu ecology, tMbn; ~ ecological zone,
expectancy lMnwg ~ ecological equilibrium
GareQI/ eragcRk saw mill eGLicRtUnik electronic
Gasnñ/ PaB emergency, lkçxNÐ ~ eGayx©I v. lend
emergency condition
eGayéfø/kar offer
Gas½ydæan/ manbBa¢ak; domiciled, rUbiyaNtþi eGayTeT/ Edl ¬\tKitéfø¦ complementary
~ domiciled bill of exchange
eGaybg;Bn§ v. impose taxes
Gas‘an/ tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrI ASEAN Free
Trade Area (AFTA)
GMNrKuN thank, appreciation
GasasUnü/ karcat;TukCa annulment GMNac power
GaRs½yelI ¬RBwtþikarN_GVImYyEdlGacekIteLIg GMNacTij buying/purchasing power,
b¤minekIteLIg¦ contingent ~ énrUbiyvtßú purchasing power of the
currency
Gahar food, meal
GMNacniym authoritarianism
Gahar/ TMnijminEmn non-food items
GMNacnItibBaØtþi ¬sPa¦ legislative power
Gaharnigsñak;enAeday\tbg;éfø free board
and lodging
GMNacnItiRbtibtþi the executive
(government)
Gahar ¬eqA¦ evcx©b;Rsab; convenience
food
GMNacbBaØtþi ¬sßab½neRkABIsPa dUcCa
Gaharin importer RkumRbwkSaXMu>>>¦ legislative power
GaharUbtßmÖ nutrition GMNacRbtibtþi executive power
GicSb:UNg;sIuEyl/ kMeNIn exponential GMeNay donation, gift
growth GMeNaypl favourable, lkçxNÐ ~
GuinfWNit internet, salbMerI ~ internet-cafe favourable conditions
GIv:an; goods, item GMeNaypl/ min unfavourable, FatuGakas
~ unfavourable weather
GuIb:UEtk mortgage
GMeNaypldl; favourable/conducive to
GubTic/ ExSkab optical fiber cable
GMeNayhirBaØvtúß grant
eGkUeTscrN_ eco-tourism
GMBkERs paddy plots
216
GMBavnav/ kar appeal GñkCMnYj businessman, trader
GMeBI ¬l¥ rW GaRkk;¦ deed GñkCMrHbBa¢I liquidator
GMeBIhigSa rW higSa violence Gñkdak;RbkassareBIBn§min)anRKb;elIk
GMLúgeBl period stopfiler (tax)
GaMgDIkaT½r indicator Gñkdak;BaküsMu applicant, ~ ebIksar\NTan

applicant for a letter of credit
GHGag/ kar assertion, claim GñkdwkCBa¢Ún transporter
Gñkksag¼GñkkMNt; eKalneya)ay GñkdwknaM leader
policymaker
Gñkkan;kab; occupier Gñkzan³x<s; elite
Gñkkan;kargar job holder GñkRtUv)ancat;taMgeGayRKb;RKgRTBüsm,tþi
Gñkkan;mUlb,Tanb½Rt bearer GñkkS½yFn assignee in bankruptcy
Gñkkan;hibR)ak; ¬R)ak;tictYc¦ petty-cash GñkRtUv)anFanar:ab;rg n. insured
custodian GñkRtUv)anbg;R)ak;eGay payee
Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑ licensee GñkRtYtBinitükarbiTRkumh‘un liquidator
Gñkx©IR)ak;EdlKYreGayTukcitþ credit worthy GñkTTYl ¬lixit¦ addressee
borrower GñkTTYlkarEtgtaMg nominee
GñkKaMRT ¬nUvKMnit rW skmµPaB¦ proponent GñkTTYlkarepÞrsiT§i proxy
GñkRKb;RKg manager, PaBCa ~ managership GñkTTYlpl beneficiary
Gñkcat;karrg assistant manager GñkTTYlsiT§iRbTan assignee
GñkcUlrYm participant GñkTTYlsiT§ieRbIeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ franchisee
GñkcUlh‘un capital contributor GñkTTYlesaFnnivtþn_ pensioner
GñkcUlh‘unKµankMrit general partner GñkTij purchaser, buyer, ~ kñúgkarrMBwg
GñkcUlh‘unmankMrit limited partner prospective buyer
(limited liability) GñkFana surety, guarantor
Gñkc,ab; lawyer, solicitor GñkFanar:ab;rg insurer
GñkCYl ¬BIeK¦ lessee, renter GñkeFVIc,ab; legislator
GñkCYleGay lessor, person who rents out sth Gñkbg;R)ak; ¬eGayeK¦ payer
217
GñkbegIát founder GñkeGayx©I lender, ~ CacugeRkay lender
Gñkbgðaj presenter of last resort
GñkbeBa©IcraRsþ demagogue Gñk]btßmÖ sponsor, patron

GñkbMerI servant GVIepSgeTotenAdEdl ceteris paribus
(other things being equal)
GñkRbKl;siT§i assignor \NTan n. credit
GñkepJI sender \NTan/ kMrit credit line, credit limit,
Gñkpþl;siT§ieGayeRbIeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ credit level
franchiser \NTankMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ SAC (structural
GñkepÞrTunBIpSarmYyeTApSarmYyedIm,Ieqøót adjustment credit of the IMF)
rkkMér arbitrageur \NTanKµankalkMNt; ¬RtUvsgvijenAeBl
GñkBüa)aledayclna physical therapist eKTar¦ call loan, call money
Gñkminsuxcitþ aggrieved person \NTanKµandak;vtßúFana open credit ( for
Gñk lk;¼epÞrsiT§i eGayeK alienor good clients of the bank)
\NTanCMnYj trade credit ( for enterprises
GñkrksuIcgkarR)ak; moneylender which have trading relationship)
GñkrksuIpøÚvePT sex worker \NTaneRtom stand-by credit
Gñkrukrk ¬Er:>>>¦ prospector \NTanTUTat; payment credit
Gñklk; salesman \NTanbUk credit plus (credit with
Gñklk;cl½t travelling salesman financial and technical components)
Gñkl,IeQµaH n. celebrity \NTanBn§ tax credit
GñksegátkarN_ observer \NTanBIFnaKar/ PaBGacTTYl)an
eligibility for bank loans
Gñksñgmrtktammrtksasn_ legatee \NTanP¢ab;snüa ¬fvikardæ¦ committed
GñkRsavRCav researcher, ~ rg associate credit (state budget)
researcher, GñkRsavRCav ¬eBjsiT§i¦ fellow \NTanelIssmtulü ¬FnaKar¦ overdraft
researcher, ~ Can;x<s; senior researcher (banking), GnuBaØat ~ to grant an
Gñksøab; n. deceased overdraft
GñkGnuvtþ ¬RbcaM¦ practitioner \NTanvtßú credit in kind
218
\NTansac;R)ak; cash credit \n§n³ fuel
\NTansMrab;TijTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer \riyabf attitude
credit \riyabfesdækic© economic behaviour
\NTanÉksar documentary credit \sSrCn dignitary
\NTayk n. creditor, credit provider \sSrPaB dignity
\NTayI adj. credit ]tþmRkumRbwkSaénGgÁecARkm Supreme
\NeTyü claim, ~ elIrdæaPi)al claim on Council of the Magistracy
the government ]tþmKti ideal
\NeTyüTarmin)an ¬xUc¦ bad debt ]tþmRbeyaCn_ best interest
\NeTyüBi)akTar bad debt ]tþmPaB advantage
\NeTyüsgS½y doubtful debt ]tþmPaBRbECg competitive advantage
\NRbtiTan ¬m> éf¶dl;kMNt;sgR)ak;¦ date ]tþmPaBeRbobeFob comparative/relative
of maturity, due date
advantage
\NBn§ n. debit,kt;Rtaxag ~ v. debit, ]tþmPaBeRbobeFobBinitüeXIj revealed
kMNt;ehtu¼Rbkas ~ n. debit memo/ comparative advantage
memorandum ]tþmsikSa tertiary education/higher
\Nvnþ debtor, borrower education
\Nayik adj. debit, smtulü ~ debit ]tþmanuPaB/ sMelg ¬e)aHeqñat¦ deciding
balance vote, casting vote
\tex©aH perfect, impeccable ]eTÞsnam/ lixit ¬GñktMNag¦ designation
\tcMNg/ CMnYy untied aid letter
\tQb;Qr/ Edl incessant ]tþrRbeTs ¬RbeTsGñkman¦ north countries

\tbg;éfø/ eday free of charge ]T§rN_ appeal
\tbMNg unintentional, involuntary ]Tüan park, ~ Cati national park
\tpøas;bþÚr/ Edl adj. unaltered ]bkrN_ instrument, ~ TUTat; negotiable
instrument, ~ minGacykeTATUTat;)an non-
\tRBagTuk ¬fvika¦ contingency negotiable instrument
\T§iBlénbøg; design effect ]bkrN_ tool
219
]bkrN_sMrYlBiesssMrab;\n§n³ special oil (state)
facility ]bharit/ eFVI brought in (assets as

]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;kMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ investment)
Structural Adjustment Facility (SAF) ])aKmn_ ¬kar)anCakmµsiT§inUvvtßúrNb¦
]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;Tb;snñiFi buffer stock accession
facility (BSF) ])aeTskmµ ¬m> CMnYs/ kardak;¦ subrogation
]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;b:Hb:UvxaghirBaØvtßú ])aRs½y ¬siT§irbs;Gñkkan;rUbiyaNtþi
compensatory financing facility (CFF) kñúgkartamTarsMNgBIGñkeFVIbidæielx¦
]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;mUlniFimrtk trust fund recourse
facility (TFF) ]b,tþiehtu incident
]bkarI assistant ]sSah_ rW ]sSah_Büayam industrious
]bkarI ¬GñkTMnukbMrgu / Gñkp©gú epþmI ¦ benefactor ]sShkmµkat;edr garment indutries
]btßmÖ/ kar assistance ]sSahkmµ industry, ~ FunF¶n; heavy
]btßmÖ/ R)ak; allowance, ~ RKYsar family industry, ~ FunRsal light industry,
allowance, alimony
]btßmÖTun/ kar capital assistance ~ vtßúFatuedIm primary industry, ~ Ekécñ
]btßmÖFn subsidy, subvention secondary industry, ~ nisSarNkmµ rW
]btßmÖFn/ pþl; v. subsidise ~ ykEr: extractive industry, ~ esva

service industry
]btßmÖBIfvikarrdæ national budget support ]sSahUbnIykmµ industrialisation, RbeTseFVI
(for provincial budget) ~ fµI newly industrialised countries (NICs)
]bnaykrdæm®nþI deputy prime minister ÉkkmµsiT§i sole proprietorship
]bnisS½y propensity ÉkCn private, Rkumh‘un ~ private (or
]bnisS½y vocation, man ~ kñúgkar>>> have a privately owned) company, vinieyaKin ~
vocation for private investor
]bePaK/ eRKOg tool, instrument, utensil, ÉkCnPavUbnIykmµ rW ÉkCnnIykmµµ
~ nigeRKOgbriePaK basic necessities privatization
]bsKÁ obstacle, barrier Ékta unit, ~ viPaK unit of analysis, ~ Kit
]bsm<½n§/ fvika supplemental budget unit of counting or unit of account, éfø
220
~ unit price/rate Éksartamc,ab; legal document
ÉktadMNak;TIBIr second-stage unit (SSU) ÉksarbegáIt ¬Rkumh‘un¦ founding
ÉktatMbn;cugeRkay ultimate area unit instrument
(UAU) ÉksarBiPakSa ¬r)aykarN_sikSaBIerOgGVImYy¦
ÉktatMélénRkdasR)ak; denomination working paper
Éktalk; ¬)an¦/ cMnYn sales volume ÉksarykTUTat;)an negotiable
ÉktaykKMrUtagcugeRkay ultimate documents
sampling unit (USU) Éksar lHbg;siT§i¼elIkElg waiver n.
ÉktaykKMrUtagdMbUg primary sampling ÉksarsMrab;kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij cargo
unit (PSU) document
ÉketaPaKI unilateral ÉksarGm supporting document
ÉktþCn individual (administration)
ÉkTKÁkmµ record, bMEbk ~ break the record ÉksiT§i privilege (special benefit)
ÉkeTs speciality »kas opportunity, tMél ~ RtUv)at;bg;
opportunity cost
ÉkeTsnIykmµ specialisation, ~ kargar »nPaB deficit, ~ fvika budget deficit, ~
job specialisation
ÉkbuKÁl/ shRKas sole proprietorship CBa¢IgTUTat; deficit of the balance of
payments, bMeBj ~ v. meet a deficit
Ékb,harPaB ¬m> Kab;CYn/kar¦ coincidence
ÉkPaK/ karcuHbBa¢I single entry »vaT/ karsþab; obedience
bookeeping »vaT/ enAeRkam under the auspices
ÉkPaB/ kar agreement, concurrence (institution)
ÉkPaB/ min v. disagree »sanvaT n. ultimatum

ÉkPaB/ lkçN³ uniformity b£sKl; origin
ÉkPavUbnIykmµ unification
Ékvb,kmµ monoculture
Éksar document, documentation, pþl; ~
RbKl;TMnijeBlbBa¢ak;TTYlRBmCMBak;
documents against acceptance (D/A)
221

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PaKTI 2

kmµvis½yPaB objectivity ksi-BaNiC¢kmµ agribusiness

kan;/ Gñk holder, ~ mUlb,Tanb½Rt holder kargareCIgsar brokerage

kMBg;EpsmuRT seaport kMrityl;dwg level of understanding,

~ buRtsm<½næ affiliated or associated

Rkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;saFarN³ ¬Twk/ ePøIg>>>¦ utility køasuik/ TsSn³Ebb classical view

Rkumh‘unPaKh‘un public company or Ekøg/ kar forgery

ekSRtsaRsþ rW ekSRtviTüa agronomy xUcxat/ ¬R)ak;¦ sMNgcMeBaHkar damages

K KNnIcrnþ current account

KNnIGtifiCn ¬m> KNnIRtUvTar¦ trade KN³RbtiPU delegation

period, bøg; ~ accounting plan, éfø ~

shipped quality, viFIsaRsþ ¬viPaK¦ tamEbb

KuNvibtþi shortcoming, disadvantage eKalkarN_esµIPaB nigmanplRbeyaCn_eTAvij

cMNat;kar n. treatment cMNayTUeTA ¬cMNayeTogTat; nigsMxan;²Edl

cMNucrYcedIm break-even point cMNUlenATMenrrbs;buKÁl rW cMNUlbuKÁl

cMeNHeFVI know-how c,ab;TTYlsÁal;/ R)ak;Edl legal tender

c,ab; law, esckþIRBag ~ draft law, ~ nig Rckecjbec©keTs technical fix

CnsuIvil n., énCnsIuvil adj. civilian Camun/ karpþl;dMNwg advance notice

CYl ¬edaymankic©snüa¦ v. lease, ~ mkvij CMnYj/ kic©kar business, kareFVI ~ business

CMrujplRbeyaCn_BaNiC¢kmµ/ kar promotion ~ beNþaHGasnñ tentative selection

CMrHkþI v. adjudicate Qb;sMrakKµanebovtSr_/ kar leave without pay

QµÜj trader dkhUt v. ¬rbs;RTBü¦ confiscate,

j dl;kMNt;/ Edl due

éfø ~ haulage cost edjéføedayRbkYtRbECgkñúgRsuk/ kar

dMNak;/ dMNak;kal stage, phase edaHT½l/ karlk; distress sale

tamkalkMNt; adj. periodic, RbB½n§RtYtBinitü taragGnueRKaHBn§KymanRbsiT§iPaBrYm Common

etsþCab;/ eFVI pass the test (education) tMbn;PavUbnIykmµ regionalisation

tMNag rW GñktMNag representative, ~ tMrg;Tis oriented (orientated), kar ~

tMrUveGay v. ¬eFVIGVImYy¦ require tMélTIpSar market value

freight éføTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer price

Fanar:ab;rg/ dwkCBa¢Ún>>>¦ all-in price notification of acceptance, viBaØabnb½Rt ~

TegVI performance TTYlsÁal;/ kar recognition, accreditation

TsSnvis½y outlook, perspective Tij purchase, ~ eCO purchase on credit,

TUTat;/ karmin non-payment eTogTat;/ Ca steadily

liaison office, ~ saFarN³ public

TMnijEdlKyXat;Tuk clearance inwards TMrg;kar formalities

~ sMrab;R)ak;kMcI guarantee for a loan

niymmYyRKa²/ GVIEdleK fad nItiviFIRbtibtþikarsþg;dar standard operating

bBa©úHtMél v. ¬]> kñúgkarBüakrN_tMélsnøwk bBa¢IexµA blacklist

bNþúM set ( a set of goals) b½NÑFanaKuNPaB certificate of guarantee

b½NÑbþÚrR)ak; letter of exchange bTbBa¢aépÞkñúg by-laws (see also articles

bEnßm law on addendum bmaNPaK ¬m> kUta¦ quota

brisßan environment, plb:HBal; ~ )anKitbEnßm accrued, cMnUl¼cMnay karR)ak;

)at;bg;/ kar loss physical/natural person, nIti ~ legal

eGay ~ personnel benefits buervinicä½y prejudice

buerRbTan ¬R)ak;ebIkeGaymun¦ advance, R)ak; ebovtSr_/ bBa¢I¼tarag payroll

bMrugxVH/ R)ak; deficient reserves e)aHbg;Parkic©/ kar dereliction of duty

market, éfø ~ competitive price

RbECg/ Gñk ¬éfø/ TIpSar>>¦ competitor Rbtibtþitam v. comply, kar ~

RbB½n§Bn§smamaRt proportional tax ksikmµ farm produce collector

R)ak;QñÜl ¬GclnRTBü nigclnRTBü¦ rental R)ak;bMNac;muxtMENg emolument

R)ak;bg;pþac; payoff R)ak;viPaCn_ financial appropriation

RbwgERbgKµan)anpl/ kar unavailing efforts bøg;cMbg grand plan

plitpl commodity, KNnI ~ commodity plitminRKb;RKan;/ kar underproduction

pÞHsMEbg ¬xÞg;cMNay¦ housing pSarkñúgRsuk domestic/home market

tax evasion, elIkElg ~ adj. tax exempt,

Bn§ykbEnßmelITMnijnaMcUl surcharge Blrdæ citizen

trade, ~ rUbI visible trade, ~ eRkARbeTs

BwgEp¥kelIxøÜnÉg/ kar self-reliance RBmeRBog/ éfø agreed price

éRBKub coupe-forest, felling area PsþútagekþA² smoking gun

éRBlicTwk flooded forest PaKeRcIn majority

PNÐaKar department store PaKEbg denominator (fraction)

P½nþRcLM/ kar confusion, aberration PaKh‘unEdlmantMélenApSarh‘unesµIKñanwgtMél

PUKBÖsaRsþ geology mCÄtþkr arbiter

ecolex2ke សទ្ទានុក្រមសេដ្ឋកិច្ច

ecolex2ke សទ្ទានុក្រមសេដ្ឋកិច្ច