1.

Technical Questions

1. Software that needs to run Operating System --- When we switch on the
computer the set of instructions which is the BIOS first executes it checks all the input
and output devices and then executes the boot loader program which in turn starts the
O/S the BIOS instructions are stored on the ROM.
2. What is Intersection of Rows & Columns --- Cell.
3. What is a key that is used to add page to Favourite --- Ctrl + D.
4. What is the tool required to know the memory usage & CPU usage --- Task
Manager (Press Ctrl + Alt + Del Click on performance option).
5. What is operating system --- O/s is an software which acts as an interface
between user and the computer.
6. Wt is minimum space(Configuration) required for a desktop Computer ---
800 MHz (Mega Hertz) Microprocessor, 128 MB RAM (Mega Bytes), 20
GB(Gega Bytes) Hard Disk
7. Wt is the latest version of XP --- Windows XP with Service Pack2
8. Name any 5 Operating System --- Ms. Dos, Linux, Unix, Macintosh,
Windows
9. What is the file system used in XP --- by default NTFS otherwise FAT32.
10. Full Form of NTFS --- New Technology File System ( allows compression
password protection and encryption of files)
11. Which Operating System uses software to directly shutdown --- Mac
12. Where can we search for the drivers --- C:\windows\systems32
13. Command for registry --- regedit ( click on Start – Run – type regedit ) (The
Windows Registry is a directory which stores settings and options for the
operating system. It contains information and settings for all the hardware,
operating system software, most non-operating system software, users,
preferences of the PC, etc )
14. Function key for refreshing --- F5
15. What is F7 in Ms. Word --- spell Check
16. How do you select few fields using a functional key in excel ?
17. How do you check the configuration of the system – ( Right click on My
Computer – Click on Properties ) or ( Click on START – Programs –
Accessories )
18. What is the importance of Operating System.
19. Minimum amount of memory required for Windows vista – 512MB RAM,
20GB Hard Disk.
20. File system used in different versions of Ms. Windows --- FAT16, FAT32,
NTFS (for MS-DOS, Windows 3.1, 95, 98 we use FAT for Windows NT,
2000, XP, ME, Vista we use NTFS or FAT32)
21. Difference between PORT & BUS
On computer, a port is generally a specific place for being physically
connected to some other device, usually with a socket and plug of some kind.
 2.
Typically, a personal computer is provided with one or more serial ports and
usually one parallel port. The serial port supports sequential, one bit-at-a-time
transmission to peripheral devices such as scanners, keyboard, mouse and the
parallel port supports multiple-bit-at-a-time transmission to devices such as
printers. USB( universal serial bus) is a universal port to which we can
connect all the devices.
In a computer, a bus is the data path on the computer’s motherboard that
interconnects the microprocessor with attachments to the motherboard in
expansion slots (such as hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives, and graphics
adapters).

22. Configuration for State of ART, System --- 3.3 GHz Core 2 duo Processor,
1GB RAM, 160GB Hard Disk.
23. What is booting --- Process of Staring the Operating System.
24. Hard disk, RAM, ROM –
Random Access Memory RAM – Memory that can be read from or written to
by a computer or other devices. RAM is the memory used by the computer to
run applications on. Information stored in RAM is lost when the computer is
turned off.
Read Only Memory (ROM) – A semiconductor memory that contains a set of
fixed instruction called the BIOS which occur before the O/S starts up. The
information on the ROM cannot be modified.
Static random access memory (SRAM) is a type of semiconductor memory
the memory retains its contents as long as power remains on. Whereas
Dynamic RAM (DRAM) that needs to be periodically refreshed.

Hard Disk or Hard drive is the permanent storage memory where files and
data are stored Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA Hard
Drive) is a computer bus primarily designed for transfer of data in series
between a computer and storage devices.

Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA Hard Drive) is a

computer bus primarily designed for transfer of data in parallel between a
computer and storage devices.
25. What is BIOS --- Basic Input Output System (it is a set of instructions stored
on the ROM which check all the input and Output devices & starts the O/S).
26. How do you install an Hardware --- Click on Start – Settings – Control
Panel then connect new hardware to the port and click on Add Hardware
Option in the control panel Once it finds the hardware it will prompt for the
driver, then insert the driver CD and install.
27. When you press system command what are the icons in it (right click on my
computer click properties) Hardware, Computer Name, Advanced, System
Restore, Automatic Updates.
28. What does FDISK stand for?
 3.
FDISK is a utility, included in all versions of MS-DOS and Windows, for
formatting (preparing) a hard disk drive to hold data and to logically
partition the disk, specifying and naming major portions of it for different
uses. FDISK is used to prepare and partition a brand new hard drive.
29. What does DEFRAG stand for? --- Systems Defragmentation (Disk
Defragmenter condolidates fragmented files and solders on your
computer’s hard disk, so that each occupies a single, contiguous space on
the volume. As a result, your system can gain access to your files and
folders and save new ones more efficiently. By consolidating your files and
folders, Disk Defragmenter also consolidates the volume’s free space,
making it less likely that new files will be fragmented.)
30. What does DIR mean? --- It is a Dos Command that lists the contents of
One or more Directories.
31. What are the functions present in task Manager --- Current Applications
Open, Current processess running on the computer, Performance of CPU &
Memory, Networking Connections, User Status.
32. What is AGP & its functions --- Accelerated Graphics Port it is a BUS used
to connect the Graphics card to the motherboard.
33. What is system restore --- System Restore is a component of Windows O/S
that allows for the restoring of system files, registry keys, installed
programs, etc., to a previous Known date in the event of a minor system
failure.
34. Options in task manager in XP --- Current Applications Open, Current
process running on the computer, Performance of CPU & Memory,
Networking Connections, User Status.
35. Before installing AGP, what are all the things we need to have.
36. Version of FAT --- FAT 16, FAT32
37. DOS version ---4.10, 5.1, 7 Versions
38. What is the firewall in vista ---
39. What do you see in task manager --- (Press Ctrl + Alt + DEL keys) In the
task manager we can see the Current Applications Open, Current processes
running on the computer, Performance of CPU & Memory, Networking
Connections, User Status.
40. Start + R --- Shortcut key for Run Option.
41. Home + D --- to minimize all screens and show the desktop.

MSConfig, or System Configuration Utility, is a system configuration utility

of Windows operating systems. This tool modifies which programs run at
startup, edits certain configuration files, and simplifies controls over
Windows services
How do you go to this utility?
Click Statr : Run : the type msconfig ( press enter)
An adapter is a physical device that allows one hardware or electronic
interface to be adapted (accommodated without loss of function) to another
hardware or electronic interface. In a computer, an adapter is often built into
a card that can be inserted into a slot on the computer’s motherboard.

The Device Manager is a Control Panel applet included with Microsoft

Windows operating systems that allows the user to display and control the
hardware attached to the computer. When a piece of hardware is not
working, the offending hardware is highlighted where the user can deal with
it. Using this we can update, uninstall and disable the device.
How to go to the device manager?
Right-click My Computer then select Properties.
Select the Hardware tab
Click the Device Manager button.

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor CMOS : A type of

semiconductor memory that requires very little power. The term has been
popularized to mean a small storage area where your system keeps track of
certain hardware parameters, such as the size of your hard disk, the number
of serial ports your computer has, etc.

File Allocation Table (FAT) :

A file system used by MS-DOS and other Windows-based operating systems
to organise and manage files. The file allocation table (FAT) is a data
structure that Windows creates when you format a volume by using FAT16
(Used for small partitions of less than 4GB) or FAT32(Used for bigger
partitions. Used with Windows 98 and above versions) file systems.
Windows stores information about each file in the FAT so that it can retrieve
the file later.

NTFS file system

An advanced file system that provides performance, security, reliability, and

advanced features that are not found in any version of FAT. For example,
NTFS guarantees volume consistency by using standard transsaction
logging and recovery techniques. If a system fails, NTFS uses its log file
and checkpoint information to restore the consistency of the file system. In
Windows 2000 and Windows XP, NTFS also provides advanced features
such as file and folder permissions, encryption, disk quotas, and
compression.

Device manager
A program that allows a specific device, such as a modem, network adapter,
or printer, to communicate with the operating system. Although a device
might be installed on your system, Windows cannot use the device until you
have installed and configured the appropriate driver.
The Backup Utility ( system recovery ) helps you create a copy of the
information on your hard disk. In the event that the original data on your
hard disk is accidentally erased or overwritten, or becomes inaccessible
because of a hard disk malfunction, you can use the copy to restore your lost
or damaged data.

Firewall
A combination of hardware and software that provides a security system,
usually to prevent unauthorized access from outside to an internal network
or intranet. A firewall prevents direct communication between network and
external computers by routing communication through a proxy server
outside of the network..

Virus
A program that attempts to spread from computer to computer and either
cause damage (by erasing or corrupting data) or annoy users (by printing
messages or altering what is displayed on the screen).

Internet
Two or more network segments connected by routers. Another term for
internetwork.
A worldwide network of computers. If you have access to the Internet, you
can retrieve information from millions of sources, including schools,
governments, businesses, and individuals.

Internet services provider (ISP)

A company that provides individuals or companies access to the Internet and

the World Wide Web. An ISP provides a telephone number, a user name, a
password, and other connection information so users can connect their
computers to the ISP’s computers. An ISP typically charges a monthly or
hourly connection fee.

IP Address

A 32-bit address used to identify a node on an IP internetwork. Each node

on the IP internetwork must he assigned a unique IP address, which is made
up of the network ID, plus a uniquehost ID. This address is typically
represented with the decimal value of each octet separated by a period ( for
example, 192.168.7.27 ). In this version of Windows, you can configure the
IP address statically or dynamically through DHCP.

If the computer does not start what do you do?

Option 1 : First check the power connections.

Option 2 : Try getting into the BIOS setting by pressing F1, F2 or F10 and
when we get the display check all the I/O devices.

Option 3 : If you have a black screen with an error code on it that says:
NTLDR missing replace system disk and press any key. This is usually
caused by having a floppy disk in the floppy drive while you are trying to
boot.

Option 4 : Non-system disk error or no OS detected please hit F1 to retry

( with a disk drive and keyboard image on screen) Try rebooting the
computer, if the computer returns to the same screen then there is a problem
with your hard drive or the operating system and any data stored on your
local hard drive may be lost.

Option 5 : Then listen to hear any beep sounds from the CPU If the disk
sounds like its still alive, and there is a graphics card in the machine that
perhaps has a little glowing light on it, then may be the Graphics card is OK
and may be the Hard Disk Drive can be rescued. Try putting in to the
machine (assuming it is Windows XP) a New Windows XP CD into the CD
Rom Drive, Boot from this CD Rom.

What happens when we switch on a computer?

The process of starting up the operating system is called booting. The
computer knows how to boot because instructions for booting are built into
one of its chips, the BIOS (or Basic Input/Output System) chip. The
instructions on the BIOS start a special program called a boot loader. The
boot loader’s job is to start the real operating system.