mathematics today | july 13 7

Page 7
Section-i
Single CorreCt option
this section contains 10 multiple choice questions. each
question has 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) for its answer,
out of which onlY one is correct.
1. The value of cot cot

+
j
(
,
,
\
,
(
(

1
1 1
23
1 2k
k
n
n
is
(a)
23
25
(b)
25
23
(c)
23
24
(d)
24
23
2. Let PR i j k

+ 3 2
^ ^ ^
and SQ i j k


^ ^ ^
3 4
determine diagonals of a parallelogram PQRS
and PT i j k

+ +
^ ^ ^
2 3 be another vector. Then the
volume of the parallelopiped determined by the
vectors
PT PQ PS

, and
is
(a) 5 (b) 20 (c) 10 (d) 30
3. Let complex numbers a and
1

lie on circles
(x x
0
)
2
+ (y y
0
)
2
= r
2
and (x x
0
)
2
+ (y y
0
)
2
= 4r
2
,
respectively. If z
0
= x
0
+ iy
0
satisfes the equation
2|z
0
|
2
= r
2
+ 2, then |a| =
(a)
1
2
(b)
1
2
(c)
1
7
(d)
1
3
4. For a > b > c > 0, the distance between (1, 1) and the
point of intersection of the lines ax + by + c = 0 and
bx + ay + c = 0 is less than 2 2 . Then
(a) a + b c > 0 (b) a b + c < 0
(c) a b + c > 0 (d) a + b c < 0
5. Perpendiculars are drawn from points on the line
x y z +

2
2
1
1 3
to the plane x + y + z = 3. The feet
of perpendiculars lie on the line
(a)
x y z
5
1
8
2
13

(b)
x y z
2
1
3
2
5

(c)
x y z
4
1
3
2
7

(d)
x y z
2
1
7
2
5

6. Four persons independently solve a certain
problem correctly with probabilities
1
2
3
4
1
4
1
8
, , , .
Then the probability that the problem is solved
correctly by at least one of them is
(a)
235
256
(b)
21
256
(c)
3
256
(d)
253
256
7. The area enclosed by the curves y = sinx + cosx
and y = |cosx sinx| over the interval 0
2
,
,

,
]
]
]
is
(a) 4 2 1 ( ) (b) 2 2 2 1 ( )
(c) 2 2 1 ( ) + (d) 2 2 2 1 ( ) +
8. A curve passes through the point
1
6
,
j
(
,
\
,
(
. Let
the slope of the curve at each point (x, y) be
y
x
y
x
+
j
(
,
\
,
(
sec ,
x > 0. Then the equation of the curve
is
(a)
sin log
y
x
x
j
(
,
\
,
(
+
1
2
(b)
cosec
y
x
x
j
(
,
\
,
(
+ log 2
(c) sec
2
2
y
x
x
j
(
,
\
,
(
+ log (d) cos
2 1
2
y
x
x
j
(
,
\
,
(
+ log
9. Let f R : ,
1
2
1
,

,
]
]
]
(the set of all real numbers)
be a positive, non-constant and diferentiable
function such that f (x) < 2 f (x) and
f
1
2
j
(
,
\
,
(
= 1.
Then the value of f x dx ( )
/ 1 2
1

lies in the interval

paper-1
Advanced
SOLVED PAPER2 13
* ALOK KUMAR, B.Tech, IIT Kanpur
* Alok Kumar is a winner of INDIAN NAtIoNAl MAtheMAtIcs olyMpIAD (INMo-91).
he trains IIt and olympiad aspirants.
8 mathematics today | july 13
Page 8
(a) (2e 1, 2e) (b) (e 1, 2e 1)
(c)
e
e

j
(
,
\
,
(
1
2
1 , (d) 0
1
2
,
e j
(
,
\
,
(
10. The number of points in ( , ), for which
x
2
x sinx cosx = 0, is
(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 0
Section-ii
multiple CorreCt option
this section contains 5 multiple choice questions. each
question has 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) for its answer,
out of which one or more is/are correct.
11. A rectangular sheet of fxed perimeter with sides
having their lengths in the ratio 8 : 15 is converted
into an open rectangular box by folding afer
removing squares of equal area from all four
corners. If the total area of the removed squares is
100, the resulting box has maximum volume. The
lengths of the sides of the rectangular sheet are
(a) 24 (b) 32 (c) 45 (d) 60
12. Let S k
n
k k
k
n

+

( ) .
( )
1
1
2
1
4
2
Then S
n
can take value(s)
(a) 1056 (b) 1088 (c) 1120 (d) 1332
13. A line l passing through the origin is perpendicular
to the lines
l t i t j t k t
1
3 1 2 4 2 : ( ) ( ) ( ) ,
^ ^ ^
+ + + + + < <

l s i s j s k s
2
3 2 3 2 2 : ( ) ( ) ( ) ,
^ ^ ^
+ + + + + < <
Then the coordinate(s) of the point(s) on l
2
at a
distance of 17 from the point of intersection of
l and l
1
is(are)
(a)
7
3
7
3
5
3
, ,
j
(
,
\
,
(
(b) (1, 1, 0)
(c) (1, 1, 1) (d)
7
9
7
9
8
9
, ,
j
(
,
\
,
(
14. Let f (x) = x sinpx, x > 0. Then for all natural
numbers n, f (x) vanishes at
(a) a unique point in the interval n n , +
j
(
,
\
,
(
1
2
(b) a unique point in the interval n n + +
j
(
,
\
,
(
1
2
1 ,
(c) a unique point in the interval (n, n + 1)
(d) two points in the interval (n, n + 1)
15. For 3 3 matrices M and N, which of the following
statement(s) is (are) not correct?
(a) N
T
MN is symmetric or skew symmetric,
according as M is symmetric or skew symmetric.
(b) MN NM is skew symmetric for all symmetric
matrices M and N.
(c) MN is symmetric for all symmetric matrices
M and N.
(d) (adj M) (adj N) = adj (MN) for all invertible
matrices M and N.
Section-iii
integer AnSwer tYpe
this section contains 5 questions. the
answer to each of the question is a single
digit integer, ranging from 0 to 9. the
appropriate bubbles below the respective
question numbers in the orS have to
be darkened. For example, if the correct
answers to question numbers X, Y, Z and
w (say) are 6, 0, 9 and 2, respectively, then
the correct darkening of bubbles will
look like the following:
16. A vertical line passing through the point (h, 0)
intersects the ellipse
x y
2 2
4 3
1 +
at the points P
and Q. Let the tangents to the ellipse at P and Q
meet at the point R. If D(h) = area of the triangle
PQR,

1
1 2 1

max ( )
/ h
h
and
2
1 2 1

min ( ),
/ h
h
then
8
5
8
1 2

17 The coefcients of three consecutive terms of
(1 + x)
n + 5
are in the ratio 5 : 10 : 14. Then n =
18. Consider the set of eight vectors

V a i b j c k a b c + + { : , , { , }}
^ ^ ^
1 1
. Three non-
coplanar vectors can be chosen from V in 2
p
ways.
Then p is
19. Of the three independent events, E
1
, E
2
and E
3

the probability that only E
1
occurs is a, only
E
2
occurs is b and only E
3
occurs is g. Let the
probability p that none of the events E
1
, E
2
or
E
3
occurs satisfy the equations (a 2b)p = ab
and (b 3g)p = 2bg. All the given probabilities
are assumed to lie in the interval (0, 1). Then
Probability of occurrence of
Probability of occurrence o
1
E
ff
3
E

20. A pack contains n cards numbered from 1 to n.
Two consecutive numbered cards are removed
from the pack and the sum of the numbers on
the remaining cards is 1224. If the smaller of the
numbers on the removed cards is k, then k 20 =
mathematics today | july 13 9
Page 9
paper-2
Section-i
multiple CorreCt option
this section contains 8 multiple choice questions. each
question has 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) for its answer,
out of which one or more is/are correct.
1. For a R (the set of all real numbers), a 1,
lim
( .... )
( ) [( ) ( ) ... ( )]
n
a a a
a
n
n na na na n

+ + +
+ + + + + + +

1 2
1 1 2
1
6
1
00
.
Then a =
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c)
15
2
(d)
17
2
2. Circle(s) touching x-axis at a distance 3 from the
origin and having an intercept of length 2 7 on
y-axis is (are)
(a) x
2
+ y
2
6x + 8y + 9 = 0
(b) x
2
+ y
2
6x + 7y + 9 = 0
(c) x
2
+ y
2
6x 8y + 9 = 0
(d) x
2
+ y
2
6x 7y + 9 = 0
3. Two lines L x
y z
1
5
3 2
: ,

and
L x
y z
2
1 2
: ,

are coplanar. Then a can

take value(s)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
4. In a triangle PQR, P is the largest angle and
cos . P
1
3
Further the incircle of the triangle
touches the sides PQ, QR and RP at N, L and M
respectively, such that the lengths of PN, QL and
RM are consecutive even integers. Then possible
length(s) of the side(s) of the triangle is (are)
(a) 16 (b) 18 (c) 24 (d) 22
5. Let w
i

+ 3
2
and P = {w
n
: n = 1, 2, 3, ...}.
Further H z C z
1
1
2
>

: Re and
H z C z
2
1
2
<

: Re
, where C is the set of
all complex numbers. If z
1
P H
1
, z
2
P H
2

and O represents the origin, then z
1
Oz
2
=
(a)

2
(b)

6
(c)
2
3

(d)
5
6

6. If 3
x
= 4
x 1
, then x =
(a)
2 2
2 2 1
3
3
log
log
(b)
2
2 3
2
log
(c)
1
1 3
4
log
(d)
2 3
2 3 1
2
2
log
log
7. Let w be a complex cube root of unity with w 1
and P = [p
ij
] be a n n matrix with p
ij
= w
i + j
. Then
P
2
0, when n =
(a) 57 (b) 55 (c) 58 (d) 56
8. The function f(x) = 2|x| + |x + 2| ||x + 2| 2|x||
has a local minimum or a local maximum at x =
(a) 2 (b) 2/3 (c) 2 (d) 2/3
Section-ii
linked ComprehenSion tYpe
this section contains 4 paragraphs p
9-10
, p
11-12
, p
13-14

and p
15-16
. Based upon each paragraph, 3 multiple choice
questions have to be answered. each question has 4
choices (a), (b), (c) and (d), out of which onlY one is
correct.
Paragraph for Q. Nos. 9 and 10
Let f : [0, 1] R (the set of all real numbers) be a
function. Suppose the function f is twice diferentiable,
f (0) = f (1) = 0 and satisfes f (x) 2f (x) + f (x) e
x
,
x [0, 1].
9. Which of the following is true for 0 < x < 1?
(a) 0 < f (x) < (b) < <
1
2
1
2
f x ( )
(c) < <
1
4
1 f x ( ) (d) < f (x) < 0
10. If the function e
x
f(x) assumes its minimum in the
interval [0, 1] at x = 1/4, which of the following is
true?
(a) < < < f x f x x ( ) ( ),
1
4
3
4
(b) > < < f x f x x ( ) ( ), 0
1
4
(c) < < < f x f x x ( ) ( ), 0
1
4
(d) < < < f x f x x ( ) ( ),
3
4
1
Paragraph for Q. Nos. 11 and 12
Let PQ be a focal chord of the parabola y
2
= 4ax. The
tangents to the parabola at P and Q meet at a point
lying on the line y = 2x + a, a > 0.
11. Length of the chord PQ is
(a) 7a (b) 5a (c) 2a (d) 3a
10 mathematics today | july 13
Page 10
12. If chord PQ subtends an angle q at the vertex of
y
2
= 4ax, then tanq =
(a)
2
3
7 (b)
2
3
7
(c)
2
3
5 (d)
2
3
5
Paragraph for Q. Nos. 13 and 14
Let S = S
1
S
2
S
3
, where
S z C z S z C
z i
i
1 2
4
1 3
1 3
0 <


+

,
,
]
]
]
]
>

:| | , : Im
and S z C z
3
0 >

: Re
13. Area of S =
(a)
10
3

(b)
20
3

(c)
16
3

(d)
32
3

14.
min| |
z S
i z

1 3
(a)
2 3
2

(b)
2 3
2
+
(c)
3 3
2

(d)
3 3
2
+
Paragraph for Q. Nos. 15 and 16
A box B
1
contains 1 white ball, 3 red balls and 2 black
balls. Another box B
2
contains 2 white balls, 3 red balls
and 4 black balls. A third box B
3
contains 3 white balls,
4 red balls and 5 black balls.
15. If 1 ball is drawn from each of the boxes B
1
, B
2
and
B
3
, the probability that all 3 drawn balls are of the
same colour is
(a)
82
648
(b)
90
648
(c)
558
648
(d)
566
648
16. If 2 balls are drawn (without replacement) from
a randomly selected box and one of the balls is
white and the other ball is red, the probability
that these 2 balls are drawn from box B
2
is
(a)
116
181
(b)
126
181
(c)
65
181
(d)
55
181
Section-iii
mAtriX mAtCh tYpe
this section contains 3 questions. each question contains statements given in two columns, which have to be matched.
Any given statement in list-i can have correct matching with one or more statement(s) in list-ii.
17. Match list-I with list-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.
List-I List-II
(P)
1
2
1 1
1 1
2
y
y y y
y y
cos(tan ) sin(tan )
cot(sin ) tan(sin )


+
+
j
(
,
\
,
(
+ yy
4
1 2
j
(
,
,
\
,
(
(
/

takes value (1)
1
2
5
3
(Q)
If cosx + cosy + cosz = 0 = sinx + siny + sinz then possible values of cos
x y j
(
,
\
,
(
2
is
(2)
2
(R)
If
cos cos sin sin sec cos sin sec cos

4
2 2 2
4

j
(
,
\
,
(
+ + +
j
(
,
\
x x x x x x x x x
,,
(
cos2x
then
possible value of sec x is
(3)
1
2
(S)
If cot(sin ) sin(tan ( )),


1 2 1
1 6 0 x x x then possible value of x is
(4) 1
Codes :
P Q R S
(a) 4 3 1 2
(b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 3 4 2 1
(d) 3 4 1 2
18. A line L : y = mx + 3 meets y-axis at E(0, 3) and the
arc of the parabola y
2
= 16x, 0 y 6 at the point
F (x
0
, y
0
). The tangent to the parabola at F(x
0
, y
0
)
intersects the y-axis at G(0, y
1
). The slope m of the
line L is chosen such that the area of the triangle
EFG has a local maximum.
12 mathematics today | july 13
Page 12
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct
answer using the code given below the lists:
List-I List-II
(P) m = (1) 1/2
(Q) Maximum area of DEFG is (2) 4
(R) y
0
= (3) 2
(S) y
1
= (4) 1
Codes :
P Q R S
(a) 4 1 2 3
(b) 3 4 1 2
(c) 1 3 2 4
(d) 1 3 4 2
19. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct
answer using the code given below the lists:
List-I List-II
(P) Volume of parallelopiped
determined by vectors

a b c , and is 2. Then
the volume of the
parallelopiped determined
by vectors
2( )

a b
, 3( )

b c
and ( )

c a is
(1) 100
(Q) Volume of parallelopiped
determined by vectors

a b c , and is 5. Then
the volume of the
parallelopiped determined
by vectors 3( )

a b + , ( ),

b c +
2( )

c a + is
(2) 30
(R) Area of the triangle with
adjacent sides determined
by vectors

a b and
is
20. Then the area of the
triangle with adjacent sides
determined by vectors
( ) 2 3

a b + and ( )

a b is
(3) 24
(S) Area of a parallelogram
with adjacent sides
determined by vectors

a b and
is 30. Then the area
of the parallelogram with
adjacent sides determined
by vectors ( )

a b + and

a is
(4) 60
Codes :
P Q R S
(a) 4 2 3 1
(b) 2 3 1 4
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 1 4 3 2
20. Consider the lines L
x y z
1
1
2 1
3
1
: ,

+

L
x y z
2
4
1
3
1
3
2
:

+
and the planes
P
1
: 7x + y + 2z = 3, P
2
: 3x + 5y 6z = 4. Let
ax + by + cz = d the equation of the plane passing
through the point of intersection of lines L
1
and L
2

and perpendicular to planes P
1
and P
2
.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct
answer using the code given below the lists:
List-I List-II
(P) a = (1) 13
(Q) b = (2) 3
(R) c = (3) 1
(S) d = (4) 2
Codes :
P Q R S
(a) 3 2 4 1
(b) 1 3 4 2
(c) 3 2 1 4
(d) 2 4 1 3
SolutionS
pAper-1
1. (b) : cot
cot

+
j
(
,
,
\
,
(
(
j
(
,
,
\
,
(
(

1
1 1
23
1 2k
k
n
n
+
+ j
(
,
\
,
(

cot cot
( )
1
1
23
1
2 1
2
n n
n

+ +

cot cot ( ( ))
1
1
23
1 1 n n
n

+ +
j
(
,
\
,
(

cot tan
( )
cot(tan tan )
1
1
23
1 1
1
1 1
24 1
n n
n

+
j
(
,
\
,
(
j
(
,
\
,
(

j
(
,
\
,
(

cot tan cot tan
1 1
24 1
1 24
23
25

j
(
,
\
,
(

cot cot
1
25
23
25
23
[Rating : Easy]
2. (c) : The sides of PS PQ

and are given by

PS
PR SQ
PQ
PR SQ




= and

+
2 2
The volume V is given by
V PQ PS PT PR SQ PR SQ PT
,

]
]
+

1
4
, ,

,

]
]
14 mathematics today | july 13
Page 14

]
]
1
2
PR SQ PT

, ,
[Recall that ( ) ) [ ], .







a a b a b c b c a 0 and ( etc ]

1
2
3 1 2
1 3 4
1 2 3
1
2
3 1 1 7 2 5 [ ( ) ( ) ( )

1
2
20 10 |( )|
Remark : One could have also calculated the sides
PS PQ

and
and then proceeded to evaluate the box
product using determinants.
[Rating : Easy]
3. (c) : 1
st
solution (Using
zz z | |
2
)

and satisfy
1

| |

j
(
,
\
,
(
z r z r
0
2 2
0
2
2
1
4 and
We have | | | |
2
0 0 0
2 2
+ z z z r
and
| |
| | | | | |
| |

2
4
0
2
0
2
0
2 2
4 +
z z
z r
+ 1 4
0 0
2
0
2 2 2
z z z r | | | | | |
Using the frst equation
(|a|
2
1) + |z
0
|
2
{1 |a|
2
} = r
2
(1 4|a|
2
)
(|a|
2
1) {1 |z
0
|
2
} = r
2
{1 4|a|
2
}
Using
| | , z
r
0
2
2
2
2

+
we get

(| | ) { | | }
2
2
2 2
1 1
2
2
1 4
+

r
r

j
(
,
\
,
(
(| | ) { | | }
2
2
2 2
1
2
1 4
r
r
As r 0, we have |a|
2
1 = 8|a
2
| 2
7 1
1
7
2
| | . | |

2
nd
solution (Geometric method)

r
P( )
Q
2r
z
0
O
C
1

OP has magnitude |a| and OQ has

1
| |
Applying cosine rule to triangles OCP and OCQ, we
have

cos
+

OP OC PC
OP OC
2 2 2
2

and cos
+

OC OQ CQ
OC OQ
2 2 2
2
Equating the two,

OP OC PC
OP
OC OQ CQ
OQ
2 2 2 2 2 2
+

+
| | | |
| |
| |

2
0
2 2 0
2
2
2
1
4
1
z r
z r
|a|
2
+ |z
0
|
2
r
2
= |a|
2
|z
0
|
2
+ 1 4r
2
|a|
2
Using
| | z
r
0
2
2
2
2

+
, we again get afer litle
simplifcation

7 1
1
7
2
| | . | |
[Rating : Difcult]
4. (a) : The point of intersection of
ax + by + c = 0 and bx + ay + c = 0
is given by the cross-multiplication rule as

x
bc ac
y
cb ca
a b

1
2 2
i e x y
c
a b
c
a b
. ., ( , ) ,
+

+
j
(
,
\
,
(
The given condition means

2 1 2 2 1 2 +
+
< +
+
<
c
a b
c
a b
+
+
<
+
< + > 1 2 1 0
c
a b
c
a b
a b c
(Remember a, b, c are positive)
Remark : (c) is obviously true. As a > b we have
(a b) + c > 0. Even though this choice is trivial - it does
follow and so the IITs would, as they have shown the
way in the past, consider giving (c) also as a choice. So
the key is (a) or (c).
[Rating : Easy]
5. (d) : Let
x y z
k
+

2
2
1
1 3

then (2k 2, k 1, 3k) is a point on the line.
Let the foot of the perpendicular from this point on
the plane x + y + z 3 = 0 be (a, b, g) then it is given by

( ) ( ) 2 2
1
1
1
3
1
k k k


+ +

( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 1 3 3
3
6 4
3
k k k k
Thus,
+
2
3
1
7
3
2
5
3
k k k
, ,
then the line is given by
F
O
R

D
E
T
A
I
L
E
D

S
O
L
U
T
I
O
N

R
E
A
D

J
U
L
Y

I
S
S
U
E

O
F

M
A
T
H
E
M
A
T
I
C
S

T
O
D
A
Y
mathematics today | july 13 15
Page 15

x y z
i e
x y z
2 3
1
7 3
2
5 3 2
1
7
2
5 / / /
. . ,

Remark : One can also take two points say (4, 0, 3)
and (0, 2, 3) and then fnd the foot of perpendicular of
these two points on the given plane. The line passing
through these two points will give the locus required.
[Rating : Doable]
6. (a) : P(The problem is solved by at least one
person)
= 1 P(the problem is solved by none of the persons)

j
(
,
\
,
(

j
(
,
\
,
(

j
(
,
\
,
(

j
(
,
\
,
(
1 1
1
2
1
3
4
1
1
4
1
1
8
1
1
2
1
4
3
4
7
8
1
21
256
235
256
[Rating : Easy]
7. (b) : The curves are
y = sinx + cosx, x [0, p/2]

y
x x x
x x x

cos sin , [ , / )
sin cos , ( / , / ]
0 4
4 2

The area required is set up by the integral
{(sin cos ) (cos sin )}
/
x x x x dx +

0
4

+ +

{(sin cos ) (sin cos )}

/
/
x x x x dx

4
2
+ +

2 2 2 2
0
4
4
2
0
4
4
2
sin cos ( cos ) (sin )
/
/
/
/
/
/
xdx xdx x x

j
(
,
\
,
(
+
j
(
,
\
,
(

j
(
,
\
,
(
2 1
1
2
2 1
1
2
4 1
1
2
2 2 2 1 ( )
A rough sketch is as under
y
x
x
=
c
o
s

s
i
n
y x x = sin + cos
1
/4 /2
y
x
x
=
s
i
n

c
o
s
2
O
x
y
[Rating : Doable]
8. (a) : 1
st
solution : Given
dy
dx
y
x
y
x
+ sec
Let y = vx, as it is homogeneous.

v x
dv
dx
v v vdv
dx
x
+ + sec cos
+ sin ln v x
(On integration)
ln sin x
y
x
+
As the curve passes through (1, p/6) we have l = 1/2
Hence sin ln
y
x
x +
1
2
2
nd
solution : Using inspection

xdy ydx
x
y
x
dx
y
x
xdy ydx
x
dx
x

sec cos
2
cos ( )
y
x
d y x
dx
x
/
On integration, sin ln ,
y
x
x + etc.
[Rating : Easy]
9. (d) : Rewrite the given equation as
f (x) < 2 f (x) f (x) 2 f (x) < 0
e
2x
( f (x) 2f (x)) < 0 <

d
dx
e f x
x
( ( ))
2
0
Put g(x) = e
2x
f (x). The condition thus reach g(x) < 0.
Thus g is decreasing on
1
2
1 ,
,

,
]
]
]
.
Hence,

x g x g > <
j
(
,
\
,
(
1
2
1
2
( )
<
j
(
,
\
,
(
<

e f x e f f x e
x x 2 1 2 1
1
2
( ) ( )
On integrating both sides,

<

f x e dx
e
e
x
x
( ) ( )
/ /
/
2 1
1 2
1
1 2
1
2 1
1 2
1
2
1
2
1
As f is positive we have f x dx ( )
/
>

0
1 2
1
Hence the interval in which the integral lies is
0
1
2
,
e j
(
,
\
,
(
.
[Rating : Difcult]
10. (c) : 1
st
solution : f (x) = x
2
xsinx cosx
We have f (x), = 2x xcosx sinx + sinx = x(2 cosx)
The sign scheme for f is given by
+
Decreasing Increasing
0
Thus f vanishes for two values of x.
2
nd
solution : f (x) = x
2
xsinx cosx, f (x) = x(2 cosx)
x , f (x)
x , f (x)
Also, f (0) = 1
Hence f (x) vanishes once in the interval ( , 0) and
once in (0, ).
[Rating : Doable]
16 mathematics today | july 13
Page 16
11. (a, c) :
The volume is given by
V(x) = (15a 2x)(8a 2x)x
And it is given that V
max
is given at x = 5 i.e., 2x = 10
We have
V t a t a t
t
( ) ( )( ) 15 8
2

+
1
2
23 120
2 2
{ } t at a t
+
1
2
23 120
3 2 2
{ } t t a ta
dV
dt
t ta a +
1
2
3 46 120
2 2
{ }
Now,
dV
dt
a a
t
+
10
2
120 46 10 3 100 0 = 0
12a
2
46a + 30 = 0 6a
2
23a + 15 = 0
6a
2
18a 5a +15 = 0 6a(a 3) 5(a 3) = 0
(6a 5)(a 3) = 0. \ a = 3, 5/6
Also,
d V
dt
t a t a
2
2
1
2
6 46 3 23 { }


d V
dt
t a
2
2
10 3
0

<
,
. Thus V is maximum.
Thus sides are 24 and 45.
[Rating : Doable]
12. (a, d) :
S k
n
k k
k
n

+

( )
( )
1
1
2
1
4
2
= 1
2
2
2
+ 3
2
+ 4
2
5
2
6
2
+ 7
2
+ 8
2
.....
= (3
2
1
2
) + (4
2
2
2
) + .....
= 2(4 + 6 +12 + 14 + ....) to 2n terms
= 2[(4 + 12 + 20 + ...) + (6 + 14 + 22 + ...)]
+ + + +
,

,
]
]
]
2
2
8 8 1
2
12 8 1
n
n
n
n ( ( )) ( ( ))
= 2(4n
2
+ 4n
2
+ 2n) = 2(8n
2
+ 2n) = 4n(4n + 1)
As 1056 = 32 33 , 1088 = 32 34,
1120 = 32 35 , 1332 = 36 37
we have only 1056 and 1332 as the values that S
n
can
take.
[Rating : Doable]
13. (b, d) : The line l is perpendicular to l
1
and l
2
.
Hence the direction ratios of l are given by the vector

i j k
i j k
^ ^ ^
^ ^ ^
1 2 2
2 2 1
2 3 2 +
Let P (2r, 3r, 2r)
l
1
l
2
P
l (0, 0, 0)
As it lies in l
1
, we have

2 3
1
3 1
2
2 4
2
r r r

Thus we have r =1
And P (2, 3, 2)
A point on l
2
is (3 + 2s, 3 + 2s, 2 + s)
Then (3 + 2s 2)
2
+ (3 + 2s + 3)
2
+ (2 + s 2)
2
= 17
9s
2
+ 28s + 20 = 0 giving s = 2, 10/9
Thus the points are (1, 1, 0) and
7
9
7
9
8
9
, ,
j
(
,
\
,
(
.
[Rating : Doable]
14. (b, c) : f (x) = xsinpx f (x) = sinpx + pxcospx
f (x) = 0 tanpx = px
x
n
n
+
+
j
(
,
\
,
(
2 1
2
,
i e x n n . ., , + +
j
(
,
\
,
(
1
2
1
As
n n n n + +
j
(
,
\
,
(
+
1
2
1 1 , ( , )
, we get two answers.
[Rating : Easy]
15. (c, d) : (N
T
MN)
T
= N
T
M
T
N = N
T
MN, if M is symmetric
= N
T
MN, if M is skew symmetric
Again (MN NM)
T
= (MN)
T
(NM)
T
= N
T
M
T
M
T
N
T
= NM MN = (MN NM)
(MN)
T
= N
T
M
T
= NM MN (in general)
adj(MN) = (adj N)(adj M)
and they dont commute in general.
Thus (a) and (b) are correct and (c) and (d) are
incorrect.
[Rating : Easy]
16. (9) : 1
st
solution :
The line h = 0 meets the ellipse
x y
2 2
4 3
1 +
at
y h
3
2
4
2

mathematics today | july 13 17
Page 17
P
Q
R
P h h Q h h , , ,
3
2
4
3
2
4
2 2

j
(
,
\
,
(

j
(
,
\
,
(
Let R be (a, 0). Then PQ is chord of contact for the
point R(a, 0).
Compare x = h with
x
4
1
we get
4
h
D(h) = area of triangle PQR =
1
2
2 3
2
4
4
2

j
(
,
\
,
(
h
h
h


3
2
4
2 3 2
h
h ( )
/


+
< ( )
( )
( )
/
h
h
h
h
3 4 2
2
4 0
2
2
2 1 2
Thus D is decreasing.

j
(
,
\
,
(

1
1
2
45 5
8
1
9
2
and
2
( )
Thus,

8
5
8
8
5
45 5
8
8
9
2
45 36 9
1 2

2
nd
solution : The point of intersection of tangent at P
and Q is R(2secq, 0)
x h = = 2cos
(2 cos , 3 sin )
(2 cos , 3 sin )
where cos ,
,

,
]
]
]
1
4
1
2
Area
1
2
2 3 2 sin (sec cos )


,

,
]
]
]
2 3
1
4
1
2
3
sin
cos
, cos ,

d
d

2 3
3
2 3
2
cos sin cos sin ( sin )
cos

+
>
2
2 3 3
0
2 2 4
{ sin cos sin }
cos

When q increases D increases

When cosq decreases D increases

min
/
/

j
(
,
\
,
(
2 3
1
1
4
1 2
4 3
3 3
8
36
8
3 2

max
/
/
,

j
(
,
\
,
(
2 3
1
1
16
1 4
8 3
15 15
64
45
8
5
3 2
etc.
[Rating : Difcult]
17. (6) : We have

n + 5
C
r 1
:
n + 5
C
r
:
n + 5
C
r + 1
: : 5 : 10 : 14

n
r
n
r
C
C
n r
r
+
+

+ +

5
5
1
5 1
2 gives
( )
Also,
n
r
n
r
C
C
n r
r
+
+
+
+ + +
+

5
1
5
5 1 1
1
7
5
gives
( ) ( )
Thus,
n
r
n
r
+

+
+

6
3
6
1
12
5
and

Solving for r, we obtain n = 4
Thus n + 6 = 12 n = 6
[Rating : Easy]
18. (5) : 1
st
solution : Let vectors be given as


a a ( , , ) ( , , ) 1 1 1 1 1 1


b b ( , , ) ( , , ) 1 1 1 1 1 1


c c ( , , ) ( , , ) 1 1 1 1 1 1


d d ( , , ) ( , , ) 1 1 1 1 1 1

a a and with any of the remaining six will produce a
set of three coplanar vectors.
Number of such choices = 4 6 = 24
The number of non coplanar vectors =
8
C
3
24
= 56 24 = 32 = 2
5
2
nd
solution : The four vectors of V form four diagonals
of a cube and remaining four are (anti) parallel.
Number of ways of selecting three non-coplanar
vectors =
4
C
3
2 2 2 = 2
5
3
rd
solution : The required number is given by

8 6 4
13
32

[Rating : Difcult]
19. (6) : 1
st
solution : Let x, y and z be the probabilities
of E
1
, E
2
and E
3
. Then
x(1 y) (1 z) = a ; y(1 x)(1 z) = b;
z(1 x)(1 y) = g
Also, (1 x)(1 y)(1 z) = p
On dividing, we get,
x
x p
x
p 1

+

. etc.
18 mathematics today | july 13
Page 18

P E
P E
p
p
p
p
( )
( )
1
3
1
1

+
+

+
+

Again, (a 2b)p = ab ; (b 3g)p = 2bg

We have ap = b(a + 2p) and 3gp = b(p 2g)
From above,

3
2
2

p
p

2 2
3
1
2
3
2
3
p p p p

5
3 3
2
5
6 p p p p

+
j
(
,
\
,
(
+
+
+
6 1 1
1
1
6
p p
p
p

.
2
nd
solution : The algebra can be handled diferently.
Use (a 2b)p = ab we have
{x(1 y)(1 z) 2y(1 x)(1 z)} {(1 x)(1 y)(1 z)}
= xy(1 x)(1 y)(1 z)
2
which gives x = 2y. Similarly, y = 3z
Now, x = 6z.
x
z
6
[Rating : Difcult]
20. (5) : 1
st
solution : We have
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + (n 2) 1224 3 + 4 + ... + n

+
( )( ) ( )
( )
n n n
n
2 1
2
1224
2
2
3

Thus n
2
3n 2446 0 and n
2
+ n 2454 0
we get 49 < n < 51. \ n = 50
Now,
n n
k k
( )
( ) .
+
+
1
2
2 1 1224 25
2
nd
solution :
n n
k k
( )
{ }
+
+ +
1
2
1 1224
n
2
+ n 4k = 2450 n
2
+ n 2450 = 4k
(n + 50)(n 45) = 4k
For n = 53, k = 103. Thus n 53 is not possible.
Also n > 45. Hence n = 50
n is of the form (4p + 1) or (4p + 2) etc.
[Rating : Difcult]
pAper-2
1. (b) : 1
st
solution:
lim
...
( ) [( ) ( ) ... ( )]
n
a a a
a
n
n na na na n

+ + +
+ + + + + + +
1 2
1 1 2
1

+ +
+

lim
( )
( ) n
a
r
n
a
r
n n a
n n
1
1 2
1
1
2

j
(
,
\
,
(
+
j
(
,
\
,
(
+ +

lim
n
a
r
n
a
n
r
n
n
a
n
1
1
1 1
2
1
2
1
1

+ +
j
(
,
\
,
(

x dx
a a a
a
a
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
60
( )

given.
(2a + 1)(a + 1) = 120 2a
2
+ 3a 119 = 0
2a
2
14a + 17a 119 = 0
2a(a 7) + 17(a 7) = 0 (2a + 17)(a 7) = 0.
a 7
17
2
,
But a
17
2
has to be discarded because integral
x dx
a
0
1

converges if a > 1
2
nd
solution :
lim
( ) ( )
n
a
r
n
a
r
n
r
n na r

+ +
1
1
1
1

j
(
,
\
,
(
+ +
j
(
,
\
,
(

lim
( )
n
a
r
n
a
r
n
a
n
r
n
n n a
r
n
n
1
1
1
1
1
1

j
(
,
\
,
(
+
j
(
,
\
,
(
+

lim
( )
n
a
r
n
a
r
n
a
n
r
n
n n
a
r
n
x dx
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
0
1
(( ) a x dx +

0
1

+ +
j
(
,
\
,
(
1
1
1
2
( ) a a
From here, the solution can be completed.
[Rating : Doable]
2. (a, c) : 1
st
solution : Let the equation be
x
2
+ y
2
+ 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
Then g
2
= c (touching x-axis)
And 2 2 7 7
2 2
f c f c .
Now, 9 + 6g + g
2
= 0 (g + 3)
2
= 0. \ g = 3
Thus c = 9 and f
2
= 16. \ f = 4
Circles are x
2
+ y
2
6x + 8y + 9 = 0 and
x
2
+ y
2
6x 8y + 9 = 0
mathematics today | july 13 19
Page 19
2
nd
solution : The equation is
{(x 3)
2
+ y
2
} + ly = 0
i.e., x
2
+ y
2
6x + ly + 9 = 0
Radius =
7 9 16 4 +
Now,
9
4
9 16
2
+

l
2
= 64 \ l = 8
[Rating : Easy]
3. (a, d) :
x y z x y z

5
0
0
3
0
2 0
0
1
0
2

and

x y z x y z

5
0
0
3
0
2 0
0
1
0
2

and
are the given lines. Then line will be coplanar if

5 0 0
0 3 2
0 1 2
0

(5 a){(3 a)(2 a) 2} = 0
(5 a)(a
2
5a + 4) = 0 \ a = 1, 4, 5
[Rating : Easy]
4. (b, d) :
Let PN = 2l 2, QL = 2l and MR = 2l + 2
So PQ = 4l 2, QR = 4l + 2, RP = 4l
cosP
1
3
+ + 3 4 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 2
2 2 2
[( ) ( ) ( ) ] ( )
3{16l
2
32l} = 8l(4l 2)
16l
2
= 80l. \ l = 5
The sides are 18, 20 and 22.
[Rating : Easy]
5. (c, d) : w
i
i e
i

+
+
3
2
3
2
1
2
6 /

w e
n
in

6

For z
1
, we have cos
n
6
1
2
> and
For z
2
, we have
cos
n
6
1
2
<


z
i i
1
3
2
3
2
1
+
, ,

z
i i
2
1
3
2
3
2

+
, ,
z Oz
1 2
5
6
2
3

,
[Rating : Difcult]
6. (a, b, c) : 3
x
= 4
x 1
Taking log to base 4
xlog
4
3 = x 1 x{1 log
4
3} = 1

x
1
1 3
4
log
1
1 3
1
1
1
2
3
2
2 3
4
2
2

log
log
log

2
2
1
2
2 2
2 2 1
3
3
3
log
log
log
[Rating : Easy]
7. (b, c, d) : Let P
2
= [m
ij
]
n n
Now m p p
ij il lj
l
n
i l l j
l
n
i j l
l
n

+ +

1 1
2
1

= w
i + j
w
2
{1 + w
2
+ w
4
+ ... + w
n
]
P
2
is a null matrix when n is a multiple of 3.
Hence, n 3k P
2
0
Thus n can be 55, 56 or 58.
[Rating : Difcult]
8. (a, d) : 1
st
solution : We have
f (x) = 2|x| + |x + 2| ||x + 2| 2|x||

+ <
<
<
+ >

2 4 2
2 4 2 2 3
4
2
3
0
4 0 2
2 4 2
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
,
, /
,
,
,

It has local minima at x = 2, 0 and maxima at 2/3.

2
nd
solution : We can draw the graph quite easily if we
realise that (p + q) |p q| = 2 min(p, q)
So f (x) = 2 min{2|x|, |x + 2|}
[Rating : Difcult]
20 mathematics today | july 13
Page 20
9. (d) : Observe that
e
x
{ f 2f + f ) =
d
dx
e f x f x
x
{ ( ( ) ( )}

The given condition is
f (x) 2f (x) + f (x) e
x
e
x
{f (x) 2f (x) + f(x)} 1

d
dx
e f x f x
x
{ ( ( ) ( )} 0

d
dx
e f x
x
2
2
0 { ( )}
Let g(x) = e
x
f (x)
g(x) > 0 means that g is concave upward.
g(0) = g(1) = 0
< <

g x x e f x x
x
| | ( , ) ( ) ( , ) 0 0 1 0 0 1
\ f(x) < 0
[Rating : Difcult]
10. (c) : We have
d
dx
e f x f x
x
{ ( ( ) ( )}

0
Let A(x) = e
x
f (x)
Then A(x) = e
x
(f (x) f (x))
A(x) has local minimum at x
1
4
\ A(1/4) = 0
Let B(x) = e
x
(f (x) f (x)}
B is an increasing function.
B(x) < 0 in (0, 1/4)
e
x
(f (x) f (x)) < 0 in (0, 1/4)
Thus f (x) < f (x) in (0, 1/4)
[Rating : Difcult]
11. (b) :
( , 2 ) at at
2
, a a t
1
t
a 2a
t
2
t
,
Given
a t
t
a t
t

j
(
,
\
,
(

1 1
1 .

PQ a t
t
a t
t
a +
j
(
,
\
,
(

j
(
,
\
,
(
+

1 1
4 5
2 2
[Rating : Easy]
12. (d) : As t
t

1
1 ,

we have t
t
+
1
5
The angle q between them

tan
+

+
j
(
,
\
,
(

2
2
1 4
2
1
3
2 5
3
t
t
t
t
[Rating : Easy]
13. (b) : The curve S
1
is x
2
+ y
2
< 16
S
2
turns out to be 3 0 x y + >
And S
3
is x > 0
(4, 0)
5
6
y x = 3
Area
1
2
1
2
16
5
6
20
3
2
r


Area
1
2
1
2
16
5
6
20
3
2
r

[Rating : Doable]
14. (c) : min| |
z S
i z

1 3 denotes the length of perpen-

dicular from (1, 3) to the line 3 4 0 x y + .
And this is
3 3
3 1
3 3
2
3 3
2

[Rating : Easy]
15. (a) : Probability that the three drawn balls are of
same colour = P(WWW) + P(RRR) + P(BBB)

+ +
1
6
2
9
3
12
3
6
3
9
4
12
2
6
4
9
5
12

+ +


6 36 40
6 9 12
82
648
[Rating : Doable]
16. (d) : The required probability

+

+

+ +
1
3
2 3
1
3
1 3 2 3 3 4
1
6
1
5
1
6
2
11
9
2
6
2
9
2
12
2
C
C C C

+ +

1
6
55 66 60
55 6
55
181
[Rating : Doable]
17. (b) : (P)
1
2
1 1
1 1
2
y
y y y
y y
cos(tan ) sin(tan )
cot(sin ) tan(sin )


+
+
j
(
,
\
,
(
+ yy
4
1 2
,

,
,
,
]
]
]
]
]
/

+
+
+

j
(
,
,
\
,
(
(
+
1
1
1 1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y

+
,

,
,
]
]
]
]

1
1 1
2
2 4 4
1 2
y
y y y ( )
/

mathematics today | july 13 21
Page 21
(Q) cosx + cosy = cos z and sin x + sin y = sin z
Squaring and adding we get 2 + 2cos(x y) = 1
\ cos(x y) = 1/2
2
2
1
1
2 2
1
2
2
cos . cos
x y x y j
(
,
\
,
(

j
(
,
\
,
(

(R)

cos cos cos sin
sin cos
2
4 4
2
2
2
x x x x
x x

j
(
,
\
,
(
+
j
(
,
\
,
(

+ cos ( sin ) sin sin cos 2 2 2 2

2
x x x x x
+ 2 2 2 2 0 sin [cos sin cos ] x x x x
Either or sin cos sin (cos sin ) x x x x x 0 2
2 2
secx = 1 or cosx = sinx
secx = 1 or secx = 2
(S)
cot(sin ) sin(tan ( ))


1 2 1
1 6 x x

+
>
| |
,
x
x
x
x
x
1
6
1 6
0
2 2
1 + 6x
2
= 6 6x
2
12x
2
= 5 \ x
5
2 3
[Rating : Easy]
18. (a) : Let F (4t
2
, 8t)
EFG t t
1
2
3 4 4
2
( )
.

dA
dt
t t 12 24
2
\ t = 0 (minima) ; t = 1/2 (maxima)

m
t
t

8 3
4 0
4 3
1
1
2
; ( )
max
EFG
6
4
1
1
2
Also y
0
= 8t = 4 and y
1
= 4t = 2
[Rating : Doable]
19. (c) : ( )

a b c 2
(P) [ ( ), ( ), ( )] [ ] 2 3 6
2

a b b c c a a b c = 6 4 = 24
(Q) [ ( ), ( ), ( )] [ ] 3 2 6 2

a b b c c a a b c + + +
= 6 2 5 = 60
(R)
1
2
20
1
2
2 3 | | |( ) ( )|

a b a b a b +


5
2
5
2
40 100 ( )

a b
(S) | |

a b 30

|( ) | | |

a b a b a + 30
[Rating : Easy]
20. (a) : The normal to the plane is

i j k
i j k
^ ^ ^
^ ^ ^
7 1 2
3 5 6
16 48 32

+ +

h i j k
^ ^ ^
3 2
The point of intersection of L
1
and L
2
is given by
2l + 1 = m + 4
l = m 3
1 = 3m 2
So, m = 1
\ Point of intersection is (5, 2, 1)
The equation of desired plane is
(x 5) 3(y + 2) 2(z + 1) = 0
x 3y 2z = 13
[Rating : Easy]
nn