Working Group H5A "Common Format for Configuration data Residual Compensation

Jun Verzosa

Residual Compensation or Zero-sequence Compensation?

Names of Factors in Use by various relays
KNmag and KNangle K0mag and K0angle RG/RL and XG/XL (or RE/RL and XE/XL or KR and KX) Z0/Z1 mag and Z0/Z1 ang (or Z1ang, Z0ang) No factor used in setting but calculated internally based on Z1 and Z0 (or R1, X1, R0, X0) Etc.

Residual Compensation or Zero-sequence Compensation?

Formulas Used by some relays KN or KG of KE or K0 or KZN = ZN /Z1 = (Z0 - Z1) / 3 Z1 Different formulas are = (Z0/Z1 1) / 3 attached to factor symbol K0. K0 = Z0/Z1 -1 KN factor has only one K0 = Z0/Z1 formula.
RG RE 1 R0 kR = = = 1 RL RL 3 R1
XG XE 1 X 0 kX = = = 1 XL XL 3 X 1
Kr and Kx are not applicable to MHO characteristics

Residual Compensation or Zero-sequence Compensation?

Relay Location EA Zs IA Z1
F

IB = 0 EB Zs Z1

VaR
EC Zs

IC =0 Z1 Ph AN Fault

ZNs

IN = residual current
= 3I0

ZN = (Z0 - Z1)/3

ZN = KN * Z1 KN = ZN / Z1 = (Z0 Z1) / 3Z1

Residual Compensation or Zero-sequence Compensation?

Residual Compensation: Zrelay = VaR / (Ia + KN*IN) = Z1 where: KN = ZN/Z1 = (Z0 Z1) / 3Z1 = (Z0/Z1 -1 ) / 3 Zero-sequence Compensation: Zrelay = VaR / (Ia + K0*I0) = Z1 where: K0 = Z0/Z1 -1

Residual Compensation or Zero-sequence Compensation?

ZL = RL+jXL

ZE = RE+jXE ZG = RG+jXG

RG RE 1 R0 kR = = = 1 RL RL 3 R1

XG XE 1 X 0 kX = = = 1 XL XL 3 X 1

Residual Compensation or Zero-sequence Compensation?

IEC61850

Inconsistent use of names Residual current (IN) is NOT Equal to Zero-sequence current (I0)
IN = 3 * I0

Residual Compensation or Zero-sequence Compensation?

Suggestion 1:
Name = Residual compensation factor Residual compensation type (ResCompType):
KNfactor or KrKxfactor RFLoop (true/false) (applies to polygon only) (applies to polygon only)

KNfactor consists of:

KNmag - residual impedance compensation factor magnitude KNang - residual impedance compensation factor angle

KrKxfactor consists of:

KR KX - residual resistance compensation factor - residual reactance compensation factor

Residual Compensation or Zero-sequence Compensation?

KNfactor consists of:
KNmag - residual impedance compensation factor magnitude = magnitude of (Z0/Z1 1) / 3 KNang - residual impedance compensation factor angle = argument of (Z0/Z1 1) / 3

KrKxfactor consists of:

KR KX - residual resistance compensation factor = (R0/R1 -1) / 3 - residual reactance compensation factor = (X0/X1 -1) / 3

Residual Compensation
Fault Loop Resistance Mode
Suggestion 2 Add RFmode (applies to polygon char. only)
Mode1: Mode2: Mode3: RFLoop = RF RFLoop = RF*(1+Kr) ZFLoop = ZF*(1+KN)

If RFmode is used then Residual Compensation needs KNmag and KNang only (No Kr and Kx) since Kr and Kx can be calculated. However, the Zone Characteristic Angle (ZCA) must be known; this is usually one of the Zone settings.

How is the Fault Resistive Reach Set?

Mode1: Mode2: Mode3:

RFset = RFLoop RFset = RFLoop / (1 + Kr) RFset = RFLoop / (1 +KN)?

How are the Zone Reaches Set?

Z1 AN fault
Zset KN or Kr, Kx
21

AN fault

IaR
RFLoop

21

IaR
VaR

RFset

VaR

ZN

Mode1: RFset = RFLoop Zset = Z1, kN = ZN/Z1 Mode2: Zset = Z1 Kr = (R0/R1-1)/3, Kx=(X0/X1-1)/3 RFset = RFLoop / (1 + Kr) Mode3: Zset=Z1, KN = ZN/Z1 RFset ~ RFLoop / (1 + |KN|)

Notes: Z1 is the usual reach setting of 75% to 85% of ZLine. RFoop includes some added margin to take care of remote infeed current.

approx. for small KNang

Calculating Kr and Kx from KNmag and KNang

Zone Characteristic Angle (ZCA) is not
necessarily equal to the line angle; It is required for RFmode2

Kr = KNmagCos(KNang+ZCA) / Cos(ZCA) Kx = KNmagSin(KNang+ZCA) / Sin(ZCA)

Mode1: KN, RF = RFLoop

R B l in derL oop

XLoopLine

P2

TiltAngle
p

RBlinder

ZLoo

XPhLine

P1

TiltAngle
RBlinder

ZPh

ZLoopAng O -RFLoop

ZLoopAng RFLoop DirLoopAng

ZLoopAng

RBlin d

er Loo

Mode2: KrKxfactor, RFLoop = RF * (1+Kr)

P2
derL oop

TiltAngleLoop XLoopLine
derLo op

RBlin

ZLoo p

P1

TiltAngle XPhLine

DirLoopAng2 ZLoopAng ZphAng - RFph -RFLoop

ZLoopAng
ZphAng

RFph

ZLoopAng

RFLoop

DirAng

DirLoopAng1

RLoop = RPh (1 + Kr)

XLoop = XPh (1 + Kx)

RBlin

Mode3: KN, ZFLoop = ZF * (1+KN)

P1L P2L P4L
Loop Characteristic

Z1L

P2L

P3L P1 P2 P3 P5 RFph P4 P5L

Z1 P2

P3L

Per Phase Characteristic

P3

P4

P4L

P6

P6L

ZLoop = ZPh*(1+KN) RLoop = ZLoop*Cos(ZLoopAng) XLoop = ZLoop*Sin(ZLoopAng)

Mode3: KN, ZFLoop = ZF * (1+KN)

P2 XLoopLine
derLo op

TiltAngle

ZLoo p

P1

TiltAngle XPhLine

ZLoopAng

Z Ph

ZLoopAng
ZphAng

RFph

ZLoopAng

RFLoop

O
-RFLoop

Applies to characteristic angle and resistive blinders only, not the reactance lines.

RBlin

Comparison of Mode1, Mode2 and Mode3

RBlin derL oop

XLoopLine

P2 P2
XLoopLine

TiltAngleLoop TiltAngle
RBlin derLo op

XPhLine

ZPh

ZLoo p

P1 P1

TiltAngle TiltAngle

ZLoopAng

ZLoopAng

ZLoopAng
ZphAng - RFph ZphAng RFph

ZLoopAng ZLoopAng RFLoop RFLoop

DirAng

-RFLoop -RFLoop

DirLoopAng1 DirLoopAng