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EH/JUN 2012/CBE582

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME

SEPARATION PROCESSES I CBE582 JUNE 2012 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. 2. 3. This question paper consists of five (5) questions. Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: ) the Question Paper i) a two-page Appendix ii)two pages of graph papers - provided by the Faculty v)an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 4 printed pages
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EH/JUN 2012/CBE582

QUESTION 1 (P06, C02, C6, C2) Lipase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of lipid molecules in the reaction. The molecular weight of the commercial lipase is 390000 kg/kg.mol and can be obtained in the fine powder form that makes it easy to utilize in wide range of enzymatic application. a) Predict the diffusivity of lipase at 298 K in water to make a dilute solution using modified Poison Equation. The viscosity of water at ambient temperature is 0.8937x10"3Pa.s. (3 marks)

b) If the diffusion coefficient for the experimental protein (albumin) at 298 K is 6.81 x 10"11 m2/s, compare and evaluate your answer in (a). (2 marks) c) Discuss two (2) possible factors that affect diffusion of biological solutes in liquids. (4 marks)

QUESTION 2 (P02, C02, C03, C4, C2) A continuous fractionating column is required to separate a mixture containing 0.695 mol fraction n-heptane and 0.305 mol fraction n-octane into a product of 99 mol % purity. The column is to operate at a pressure of 101.3 kN/m2 with a vapor velocity of 0.6 m/s. The feed is all liquid at its boiling point, and it is supplied to the column at 1.25 kg/s. The boiling point at the top of the column may be taken as 372 K and the equilibrium data are: Mol fraction heptane in vapor Mol fraction heptane in liquid 0.96 0.92 0.91 0.82 0.83 0.69 0.74 0.57 0.65 0.46 0.50 0.32 0.37 0.22 0.24 0.13

a) Calculate the minimum reflux ratio required for the separation process and determine the diameter of the column required if the reflux used was twice the minimum. (25 marks) b) Calculate the mole fraction of n-heptane in the vapor and liquid phases at 372 K if the total pressure is 101.3 kN/m2 and the vapor pressure of n-heptane and n-octane are 106 and 73.7 kN/m2, respectively. (5 marks) c) Justify the possible mass transfer theory that occurs in distillation process given. (5 marks)
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QUESTION 3 (P02, C02, C4) 160 cm3/s of a trichlorobutane is used to treat 400 cm3/s of a 10% by mass solution of ethanol in water, in a three-stage countercurrent multiple contact liquid-liquid extraction plant. Equilibrium data are plotted in Appendix 2 and the density (kg/m3) for each component are pethanoi = 1200, pwater = 1000, ptncmombutane = 800 (Attach Appendix 2 in your answer booklet). a) Calculate the composition of the final raffinate. (13 marks) b) Calculate the composition of the final raffinate at stage 1 and 2, if the equipment used is in a simple multiple contact arrangement. Assume that the same total amount of solvent are used and it is evenly distributed among three stages. (7 marks)

QUESTION 4 (P02, C02, C6, C4) Experiments on the absorption of carbon dioxide-air mixture in 2.5 N sodium hydroxide are made using 250 mm diameter packed tower. The tower height is 3 m with 19 mm Raschig rings. The gas rate and liquid rate recorded at atmospheric pressure are 0.34 kg/m2.s and 3.94 kg/m2.s respectively. The carbon dioxide in the inlet gas is 315 parts per million and in the exit gas 31 parts per million. a) Recommend two (2) possible assumptions to solve the given problem. (4 marks) b) Determine the overall gas transfer coefficient KGa of the process. (10 marks) QUESTION 5

(P02, C02, C2, C6)

A gas stream containing 3.0% ethanol is passed through a packed column to remove 99% of the ethanol by absorption in water. The absorber will operate at 25C and 1 atm, and the gas and liquid rates are to be 20 mol/h.ft2 and 100 mol/h.ft2, respectively. Mass transfer coefficients and equilibrium data are as below: Y* = 3.1X Kxa = 60 mol/h.ft2 Kya = 15 mol/h.ft2

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EH/JUN 2012/CBE582

a)

Identify Noy, Hoy, and ZT by assuming isothermal operation and neglecting changes in gas and liquid flow rates.(Noy,= number of gas - phase transfer unit, Hoy = height of transfer unit and Z T = column height) (9 marks) Determine the percentage of the total resistance in the gas phase. (2 marks)

b)

c)

Estimate ZT value using Nox and Hox- Comment the ZT value obtained with ZT value in answer (a). (.11 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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APPENDIX 1

EH/JUN 2012/CBE582

Diffusion coefficients in liquids 9 40x1 cr15 DAB=

Modified Poison Equation

Where: DAB MA JUB = diffusion coefficient of component A to component B in m2/s = molecular weight of component A in kg mass / kg mol = viscosity of component B in Pa.s

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APPENDIX 2

EH/JUN 2012/CBE582

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