7sd52 7sd62 Configuration

APPLICATION NOTE
PA 13
01/2001, Rev. A Page 1 of 14
Line differential settings for a two terminal configuration with 7SD52 / 7SD610
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 INTRODUCTION CURRENT PRACTICE NEW OR ADVANCED PRACTICE/APPLICATION APPLICATION EXAMPLE 1 3 3 3
4 4 7 8
4.1 Settings in DIGSI 4 for the Device Configuration 4.2 Settings for the relay on the left line-terminal 4.3 Settings for the relay on the right line-terminal 4.4 Common settings in both relays
5.0 6.0 7.0
CONCLUSIONS ONLY 3 PARAMETERS MUST BE SET BENEFITS OF APPLICATION APPENDIX
11 12 13
1.0
Introduction
This app-note explains, what settings are necessary for the line differential relay 87L SIPROTEC (7SD522/7SD523 and 7SD610) with digital communication in a two terminal-line configuration. It shows how easy it is, if you want to set the relay for its main function 87L. It is assumed in the example that the CTs have different CT-ratios. Its quite common today, that existing CTs designed for electromechanical or static relays have different datas from those which are installed in a new switch-gear. Different CT-ratios (allowed is 1:8) and different CT-types are allowed with this relays. The two terminal configuration is shown in fig. 1. The CT on the left terminal has a ratio of 400:5 (old one) and the CT on the right terminal the ratio 600:1 (new one). Both CTs are from TPX-type or from type 10P, that means cost effective
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Power Automation 1 Postfach 4806 l D-90026 Nrnberg Tel: (+49 911) 433-8275 l Fax: (+49 911) 433-8301 l Norbert.Schuster@ev.siemens.de
APPLICATION NOTE
PA 13
01/2001, Rev. A Page 2 of 14
CTs for protection applications.This CT-type is fully sufficient for the differential protection. Its assumed also, that the CTs do not saturate for the maximum external short circuit current divided by the nominal current of the CTs or the accuracy limiting factor is at least 30 for each CT.
400:5
600:1
87L
87L
8 km (5 miles) singlemode
Fig. 1: Differential configuration
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2.0
Current Practice
Existing electromechanic relay design allows CTs from the same type and from the same rated power. The accuracy limiting factor or knee point voltage of the CTs must have more or less equal values. Different CT ratios are not allowed or force to use matching CTs on one side. This often deteriorate the stability of the differential configuration, because of the additional burden of the matching CTs and results in an insensitive setting for the trip threshold. Due to the use of summation CTs no phase segregated tripping is possible and also no clear indication of the faulty phases. The exchange of the currents between the line terminals runs over pilot wire cables. The maximum distance is limited therefore to 16 miles (max. 25 km).
3.0
NEW OR ADVANCED PRACTICE/APPLICATION
With numerical design of 7SD52 / 7SD610 must of the restrictions known from classical design do not exist any more. Different CT-ratios and different CT types are allowed. No huge CTs with high rated power are required for the appication, because the relays offer low burden (0,1 VA for 1A, 0,5 VA for 5A). Existing CTs and new installed CTs can be used together in a differential configuration, as long as the minimum CT-requirements are fullfiled. This allows easy refurbishment using parts of the existing primary installation in the future. This saves money. The communication between the line terminals run interference free over fibre optic cables or over a digital communication system with N*64 kBit/s. The communication aspects are not part of this application note. Its only explained how to set the relevant communication parameters, to come to a running differential system.
4.0
Application Example
The relays are ordered as line differential relays without comprehensive additional functions (e.g. autoreclosure, multiterminal extention) and for three pole tripping. This is the most frequent application in praxis. The distance between the two line terminals is 5 miles (8 km) and a 110 kV cable is between. The communication between the relays runs over dedicated monomode (singlemode) fiber cables. The inbuilt 1300 nm interface in the relays is required which allows in one option a distance of 10 km (6 miles) and in the other option a distance of 35 km (22 miles). The cost effective 10 km option is sufficient for
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most of the lines and cables in urban areas. In general the modules can be exchanged by the customer. See the ordering code for the SIPROTEC 7SD610 relay in the appendix of this application. This datas must be also set in DIGSI in the substation manager, if you want to insert and initialize a new relay.
4.1 Settings in DIGSI 4 for the Device Configuration

To activate only the differential protection function all other functions must be disabled. The relay in this application works as a pure line differential relay with no additional functions running parallel. Very often the backup or emergency overcurrent protection (50, 50N, 51, 51N, 50G, 51G) is used in parallel to the differential protection (backup mode) or if the differential protection fails, due to a loss of the data connection (emergency mode).
Figure 2: Device configuration for both relays if only 87L is activated
4.2 Settings for the relay on the left line-terminal

The CT primary rated current must be set. Here its 400 A according our example in fig. 1. Furthermore the relay must know, if its a 1 A or 5 A input. The default is the value of the ordering code, so normaly no change is necessary. This information is e.g. used if the settings are done in secondary values. CT-inputs can be changed from 5 A to 1 A by jumpers in the relay, if this relay has been ordered in a 1A version. How to do this is clearly written in the manual. One jumper also indicates the status of the inputs. It indicates wheather the inputs are set to 1 A or to 5 A. If this indication is different from the selection
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done in DIGSI 4 for the current inputs an alarm in the Event-Log-Buffer shows this and the relay refuse to work with this inconsistencey. The alarm is: 00192 Error1A/5Awrong Error:1A/5Ajumper different from setting
The CT-starpoint may be towards line or towards busbar. The direction is automatically considered for the differential measurement. If the physically connected CT-starpoint is equal with those of the setting the differential current measured during commissioning must be equal with the charge current of the line or cable (here approx. 50 A). Otherwise the differential current is two times the load current divided by the the full scale current. Changing this parameter for one line end turns around the current direction there. Another indication for a restraint operation is an angle of approx. 180 degrees for each phase between the line terminals. Differential and restraint current, local and remote current and also the phase angle between the currents are available as operational values in the relay. This allows easy commissioning and an easy check for the polarity setting.
Figure 3: Settings for the current transformer (CT) The default setting for the rated frequency for relays for Europe or most of the rest of the world is 50 Hz, except US-ordering option. Here its set to 60 Hz.
Figure 4: Setting for the rated frequency The CT-datas define the maximum measurement error of the CT up to nominal current (default is 5%) and for short circuit currents (default is 10%). A short circuit currents in the default setting is a currents higher then nominal current.
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The measurement error up to nominal current is 5%, which is much more as seen for a real CT. The error for short circuit currents (> nominal current) is set to 10%. This is the error of a 10P or TPX class CT at its accuracy limiting factor or near at its kneepoint voltage. This factory settings include much saftety magin. The default settings can remain unchanged for all CTs used worldwide for protection applications. If this setting should be changed special knowledge about CTs and there measurement errors is required. In special applications, where the relays shall be set very sensitive and very good CTs are used, e.g. in the transmission level, the datas may be changed. How to adapt the settings to real CT datas is written in the manual of the devices. With the default settings one is on the save side for a restraint differential operation during external faults and the standard settings are designed and tested by the manufacturer with its long experience with differential relays and there measurement quantities and effects. Remain the default settings for Breaker.
Figure 5: Default settings for CT-measurement errors In a configuration each relay has an ID-number which can be set in the range from 1-65535. This house-number of the relay must be set to a different value in each relay. It allows the relay to identify the other relay clearly over the fiber link or in a communication system. It helps to identify reflected datas in a communication system, because the relay receives telegrams with its own IDnumber and this immediatelly blocks of the differential protection. Its usefull during commissioning, because with test loops in the communication path one can check the comms-links. Also in this case the relay receives its own ID and indicates: 3217 Prot.Int1: Own datas received Displays the receiption the own telegrams Especially in comms-systems where a lot of relays are working over the same system this setting process avoids wrong data connections between relays by accident. The ID of the other relay is checked all the time during operation.
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In our example the ID for the left relay is 1 (factory setting). Furthermore the relay has an index (number of the relay in a configuration) which is here set to 1. A wrong setting for the ID-numbers (equal values or different values in each relay) or for the index (equal values) is indicated in the event log buffer and as a default on an LED with a red alarm indication. This clearly helps to identify wrong settings for the ID-numbers and the index (parameter 1710).
3234 DT unequal Means that the IDs set in one relay are not the same as in the other relay 3487 Equal IDs Means the IDs are not set to a different value in each relay
The relay with index 1 time-synchronizes the other relay/relays. Thats the default setting for Time Synchronization. If an external time synchronization unit is used it should be connected to relay with index 1. The other relay/relays have now the same time tagging as this relay. Also independent time tagging for each relay can be set under Time Synchronization in DIGSI 4. This is not recommended, because it makes the fault and event log analysis difficult.
Figure 6: Default settings for the differential topology
4.3 Settings for the relay on the right line-terminal

The settings for Power System, Breaker and CT Datas are the same as for the left relay. The CT datas, which are set under Transformers are different according fig. 1.
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Figure 6: Settings for the current transformer (CT) One parameter of the Differential Topology must be changed. Its the index of the second relay, which must be set to two. This is a need, otherwise the configuration can not operate. This is checked by the relays. Relays must have different ID-numbers, but the same values for 1701/1702 in each relay (because the local relay must know this value from the remote side, to identify it) and must have different index (1 and 2 for a two line-terminal configuration).
Figure 7: Settings for the differential topology for the right relay
4.4 Common settings in both relays

The following settings must have the same value in both relays. A very important parameter is 1104 Measurement Full Scale Current. All percentage operational measurements like the local and remote currrent (the per unit values) and the differential- and restraint current is rated to this quantity. The same value must be set for parameter 1104 in each relay of a differential topology. Normally the higher primary rated current of the CTs is set in the relays, which is the reference for all relays. This value is checked by the relays during the login procedure after the data connection is established. If its different the differential function can not work (no common reference) and is blocked. An alarm is indicated in the event log buffer and indicated on LED 7 (factory I/O masking).
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For a line with equal CT-ratios parameter 1104 is set to the same value as parameter 205. The full scale voltage is only from interest, if voltage transformers are connected to the VT-inputs of the relay. Its must be set to the same value for both line terminals (here 110 kV according to the nominal voltage of the line). Remain the factory setting of 400 kV, if you dont want to make any settings here or no VTs are connected. A default setting has no influence to other functions.
Figure 8: Common current and voltage settings Its not a must to have equal settings for the differential setpoints at each line terminal. But its recommended to do it, to get the same tripping reaction. Because each line terminal see the same quantity for the differential and restraint current the tripping behaviour is the same. No intertrip is normally required. Its also recommended to set the parameters in DIGSI 4 in primary values. So each line end can be set to the same values, especially when the CTratios are different. The sensitive differential setpoint 1210 I-DIFF> is calculated according the charge current of the cable or set to a minimum value, which results from the CTs transient behaviour. For 10P or TPX CTs a minimum setting of 30% for parameter 1104 is recommended, which is the factory setting. The charge current caused by the capacitance of the line/cable is a permanent differential current during normal operation. I-DIFF> should be set 2,5-3 times of this steady state charge current. For charge currents less than 10% of Full Scale Current (here 60 A) the charge current has no influence of the setting, so its 0,3*600A = 180A. The charge current is calculated as follow: IC = 3,63 10-6 UN fN COp' l IC UN Primary charge current in A Nominal voltage of the line/cable in kV [1]
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fN COp l
Rated frequency in Hz Capacitance of the line or cable in nF/km (typ. line 8 nF/km, cable 250 nF/km) Length of the line/cable in km
In our example we have a relativ long cable with 8 km (5 miles), which is seldom in praxis. Even for this long cable the value for IC is only:
-6 IC = 3,63 10 110 kV 60 Hz 250 nF/km 8 km = 48 A
This value is below 60 A, so for I-DIFF> the factory setting is a good choise. The praxis is, that only for cables longer than 6 km (UN up to 110 / 132 kV) and overhead lines longer than 100 km the check with the formula is required. Otherwise remain the factory settings. So in minimum for 95% of all applications the factory settings can be used. When switching on a very long cable or line from one side, high charge peak values appear during the first milliseconds. To avoid any pickup of the sensitive differential trip stage 1210 I-DIFF> a second setpoint 1213 I-DIFF>:Value under switch on condition can be set for this situation to a higher value. The relay monitors always, if no current is flowing and use this setpoint instead of 1210 I-DIFF> for a duration set in parameter 1132 (default is 100 ms) after switching on the line. Then after 100 ms the setpoint 1213 is lowered to the value of 1210 I-DIFF>, if they are set to different values. 1213 setpoint must be higher then 4 times steady state charge current calculated according formula [1]. In our example its: 1213 I-DIFF>: Value ... = 4 48 A = 192 A For cables shorter 6 km and lines shorter 100 km parameter 1210 and 1213 have the same value and you can remain the factory setting for both parameters. The 1233 I-DIFF>> parameter is set for the fast current comparision algorithm, which use instead of the I-DIFF> trip stage a short 5 ms filtering window. This results in tripping times of 16-25 ms (depends on the baud rate of the data link, 16 ms for 512 kBit with direct fiber connection). I-DIFF> trip stage use a one cycle filtering window and the tripping time is therefore 30-35 ms. The longer filtering window suppress DC-components in the summation for the differential current and allows the sensitive setting for 1210 and 1213. Fault currents above 720 A are tripped by the relays in 16 ms (with direct fiber connection). Please remain this parameter unchanged for line or cables. Only
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with transformers in the protection zone or networks grounded with a Peterson coil special considerations about this setting are required.
Figure 9: Settings for the differential protection in primary values for both relays If secondary values shall be used for the settings of the differential protection the following quantities must be set in the left relay: 1210 I-Diff> (sec, left side) = 180 A / 400 A * 5 A = 2,25 A 1213 I-Diff> (sec, left side) = 192 A / 400 A * 5 A = 2,4 A 1233 I-DIFF>> (sec, left side) = 720 A / 400 A* 5 A = 9 A In the right relay the settings are: 1210 I-Diff> (sec, right side) = 180 A / 600 A * 5 A = 0,3 A 1213 I-Diff> (sec, right side) = 192 A / 600 A * 5 A = 0,32 A 1233 I-DIFF>> (sec, right side) = 720 A / 600 A = 1,2 A No other settings are necessary for the differential protection function.
5.0
Conclusions Only 3 parameters must be set
To use the relays with the differential protection function 87L, even if different CT-ratios and types are used, require only the setting of the: 0205 CT-Rated-Primary-Current in each relay (normally the same value with equal CT-ratio) A common current reference is set in 1104 Full Scale Current to the same value for each relay (normaly 0205 = 1104) The differential setpoints remain unchanged for almost every line or cable. The relay-index
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1710 Local relay
of one relay must be set to 1 and to 2 for the other relay.
The defaults for the communication parameter are set for a fiber optic connection. With comms-system between the baudrate for the communication interface must be set.
6.0
Benefits of Application
With the differential relays 87L SIPROTEC easy to set relays are provided by SIEMENS. Different CT-types and CT-ratios can be used. The mismatch of the CT-ratio can be 1:8, which covers all practically known cases until now. The new measurement technique of the relay consider this conditions adaptively, so the user only have to set datas, which are well known from its CTs or the line/cable or remain the factory setting. For the communication between the relays less datas are required. The supervision of the connection is an inherent part of the relays design. Switching effects in the comms-system are adaptively considered in the restraint current, which is calculated by the relay from the CT-datas and from measured comms characteristics
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7.0
Appendix
Figure 10: Ordering code of the left relay
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Figure 10: Ordering code of the right relay
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7sd52 7sd62 Configuration

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APPLICATION NOTE

5.0 6.0 7.0

CONCLUSIONS ONLY 3 PARAMETERS MUST BE SET BENEFITS OF APPLICATION APPENDIX

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Fig. 1: Differential configuration

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NEW OR ADVANCED PRACTICE/APPLICATION

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4.1 Settings in DIGSI 4 for the Device Configuration

Figure 2: Device configuration for both relays if only 87L is activated

4.2 Settings for the relay on the left line-terminal

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Figure 6: Default settings for the differential topology

4.3 Settings for the relay on the right line-terminal

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4.4 Common settings in both relays

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Conclusions Only 3 parameters must be set

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1710 Local relay

of one relay must be set to 1 and to 2 for the other relay.

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Figure 10: Ordering code of the left relay

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Figure 10: Ordering code of the right relay

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