AUTHOR(S): Sablayrolles, Jean-Franois; Humbley, John TITLE: Neologica.

2012, n 6 SUBTITLE: Revue internationale de nologie YEAR: 2012 PUBLISHER: Classiques Garnier ANNOUNCED IN: http://linguistlist.org/issues/23/23-3435.html Bruno O. Maroneze, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, MS, Brazil SUMMARY Neologica is an international journal on neology, which is in its sixth volume. This volume is divided in three parts, entitled Nologie et traduction spcialise, Varia and Rubriques. The presentation text, Prsentation, by John Humbley, co-founder of the journal, explains that most articles were presented at the event entitled Nologie et traduction spcialise [neology and specialized translation], which happened on April 29th, 2011, in Brussels. Humbley then continues giving a brief description of each article of the thematic part and of the articles of the Varia part. The first article of the thematic part is written in English: Defining neology to meet the needs of the translator: a corpus-based perspective, by Antoinette Renouf. After reviewing previous researches on English neology (p. 17-22) and describing the translators needs (p. 22-23), the author describes her own research project for identifying neologisms in a corpus (p. 23-27). The third and most important part of the paper is dedicated to show how a corpus-based approach can help the translator to solve some practical problems of neology. Although the argumentation is fully convincing, the reader may feel the lack of a discussion on how to find equivalents in a corpus. The second article, by Marita Kristiansen and Gisle Andersen, is entitled Corpus approaches to neology and their relevance for dynamic domains. The authors describe two case studies based on the Norwegian Newspaper Corpus: on finance neologisms (p. 47-52) and on terminology for information and communication technology (p. 52-59). In the first case, the authors show how the corpus is explored to find term variants; they also compare the neologisms of the corpus to neologisms found in more specialized texts. In the second case, the corpus is used in a project of normative terminology, to find the most accepted forms, for instance. The authors conclude that corpus-based

methodologies are of great relevance for monitoring the development of neologisms and for extracting terminology (p. 59). The third article has an ambitious title: Towards a new approach to the study of neology, by Maria Teresa Cabr and Rogelio Nazar, proposes a statistics-based methodology for the detection of neologisms, including polylexical and semantic neologisms, which are particularly difficult to detect using computational methods. The authors main method is to define a statistical pattern for the behavior of the ideal neologism and then look in the corpus for words (both monolexical and polylexical) that follow that pattern (p. 68-72). In the case of semantic neology, their method is to find the patterns of co-occurring words: two or more groups of co-occurring words may signal different meanings (p. 72-75). The authors exemplify both methods and conclude that statistical analysis of corpora is a major tendency to be followed by neology studies (p. 75). The next paper, by Pascaline Dury, is written in French: Le sentiment dun besoin nologique chez lexpert pour remplacer un terme connotation pejorative (The specialists feeling of a neological need to replace a pejoratively connoted term). The author begins with an important discussion on the connotation of specialized vocabulary (p. 82-84) and then brings many data, extracted from medical papers, that show how the specialists express their feelings that a term must be replaced (p. 85-91). The author finishes with a reflection on the reasons why a specialist may wish to replace a term and on how this replacing term is accepted by the community (p. 91-92). The next contribution, written in Spanish, is entitled El papel de la traduccin en la formacin secundaria de trminos sintagmticos (The role of translation in the secondary formation of syntagmatic terms), by Joaqun Garca Palacios and Lara Sanz Vicente. The authors begin by showing how translation procedures (from English to Spanish in particular) are important in the formation of syntagmatic terms (p. 95-99); they then present some reflections on calques and on the importance of autochthonous word formation procedures (p. 99-104) and conclude by presenting an approach to term formation planning that takes into consideration the position of English and Spanish in scientific production (p. 104-107). Their approach tries to avoid purist ideas, focusing on the search for the best ways of adapting English terms. Written in French, the text Nologie dorigine, nologie de transfert: le cas des nologismes dans le domaine de la psychanalyse et leur traduction en espagnol (Neology of origin, neology of transfer: the case of Psychoanalysis neologisms and their

Spanish translation), by Ana Mara Gentile, analyses the neologisms created by Freud and Lacan. The author begins by presenting Freuds semantic neologisms, which he borrowed from other disciplines (Medicine, Biology, Economy, Religion etc.) (p. 112117). She then describes Lacans style, which relied heavily on word-formation and wordplay in general (p. 118-122). The last part of the article is dedicated to a discussion on some problems of translating both psychoanalysts texts into Spanish (p. 122-126). Although the text is well detailed, the reader doesnt find in the article a clear explanation of the concepts of nologie dorigine and nologie de transfert, employed in the title and throughout the text. The next article, by Jean Quirion, is entitled Nologie traductive, nologie amnagiste et nologie collaborative massive: lunit dans la disparit. The article begins by defining and distinguishing nologie traductive (translation neology) and nologie amnagiste (planning neology) (p. 129-132). The author brings some examples of the needs for neology, especially in minority languages (p. 132-134) and then presents a quantitative method (terminomtrie) that measures the usage rate of some minority language in naming a specific concept; examples are given for Canadian French (p. 134136). In the last part of the paper, the author brings to attention the very recent and interesting concept of nologie collaborative massive (massive collaborative neology), the creation of neologisms in the context of online collaborative writing (like Wikipedia) (p. 136-139). This kind of neology has undoubtedly a great potential in the context of minority languages and is yet to be fully understood. The article by Reuben Seychell, Neologising a case study on Maltese, focuses on term creation in Maltese. The author describes the legal necessities of term creation in the context of the European Union (p. 143-148) and the methods and criteria employed by the translation department of an EU institution regarding the Maltese language (p. 148-158). The text heavily relies on concepts of Philosophy of Language, like Derridas deconstruction. The last article of the thematic part, by Nathalie Lemaire and Paul Muraille, is entitled Sigles graphiques en langue de spcialit: typologie, variabilit, enjeux (Graphic acronyms in specialized language: typology, variability, issues). A sigle graphique is defined as an acronym bearing a case alternation or non-alphabetic symbols (like numbers or special characters). The authors present a very detailed typology of French and English acronyms (p. 161-168) and analyze a sample of graphic acronyms from the domain of Genetics, in order to describe the acronym variability (p. 168-172). They

conclude that the huge variability may cause problems to the non-specialist, and suggest that normalization efforts and the treatment of these acronyms by electronic tools may help minimize ambiguities (p. 173-174). The last two articles form the Varia part. The first one, by Charlotte Coy, is entitled Les recommandations officielles des commissions de terminologie et leur rapport la langue commune (The official recommendations of terminology commissions and their relations to the general language). The paper intends to measure the degree of success of the terms that were recommended by the French terminology commissions by analyzing their presence in general-purpose dictionaries after five years (2005-2010). Employing a method that emphasizes lexical motivation (described on pages 177-180), the author presents graphics that form a lexicological profile of the data (p. 180-186) and compares this profile to the profiles described in other studies (p. 186-187). She concludes (p. 188) that the terminological data differ from the other parts of the lexicon concerning the lexical motivations. The last paper of the volume, Maux et mots ou la dnomination des maladies (Illnesses and words or the naming of diseases), by Pascaline Faure, studies the names of the diseases and syndromes in a comparative (English-French) perspective. The study presents many denomination tendencies: Greco-Latin names (p. 192-193), names derived from other languages (p. 193-195), metaphorical names (p. 195-197), names that carry historical references (p. 197-198), culturally marked names (p. 198-199), eponyms (p. 199-200) and, more recently, names based on toponyms (p. 201-203), names based on etiology (p. 203-205) and names that try to describe the disease with exactitude (p. 205). The paper, richly exemplified, concludes that the progressive abandonment of eponyms and metaphors may reflect a contemporary tendency to dehumanize Medicine, giving it a more scientific aspect. It is worth noting that, on page 203, the author says that leprosy (FR lpre) is named after the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae; in fact, it is the bacterium that is named after the disease, which is known by humanity for millennia before the bacterium was discovered (cf. articles Leprosy and Mycobacterium leprae in Wikipedia). At the end of the volume, Actualits de la nologie (Neology news) presents past and future events on neology, as well as theses reviews (p. 209-218). Bibliographie de la nologie (Bibliography on neology) presents descriptions of recent publications on neology (p. 219-223). There is also a small review of Alain Reys La langue sous le

joug (Language under the yoke), by Jean-Franois Sablayrolles (p. 225-226) and the abstracts of all the volumes contributions (p. 227-231). EVALUATION The field of Neology is very broad, touching on many other subfields of Linguistics, such as Lexicology, Lexical Semantics, Morphology and Historical Linguistics; it is also especially relevant for translation studies, language planning, dictionary-making and specialized language (Terminology) studies. As such, it is of great importance that an international publication on this subject exists, albeit it was created only recently. This specific volume will be of particular interest to linguists working on specialized translation and on language planning, topics that are covered in most articles. Theoretical issues are less emphasized, although there are important contributions, like Cabr and Nazars. The predominance of papers written in French is representative of the importance of French-speaking linguists in the field of Neology; even the English-language contributions were written by non-native speakers. It is hoped that these articles may contribute to the development of the field in English-speaking countries. Neology as a whole covers many more topics than are covered in this specific volume; this is of course due to the fact that most texts are from the colloquium Nologie et traduction spcialise, as already mentioned. For instance, topics like word formation morphology are not covered. Nevertheless, this volume (and the journal as a whole) represents an important contribution to the important but sometimes neglected field of Neology.

ABOUT THE REVIEWER Bruno O. Maroneze completed his Ph.D. in the University of Sao Paulo in 2011. His Ph.D. thesis focuses on Brazilian Portuguese neologisms formed by suffixation. His main research interests are on the semantics of word formation and, especially, the study of neologisms. He is currently teaching in the Faculty of Communication, Arts and Letters of the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, MS, Brazil.