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Introduction

475

213

XP

675

238

800

287

962

350

1125

Introduction

1.1

1.1 Development of downhole drilling motors

Since the first turbodrill patent was awarded in 1873,

designs and ideas for downhole motors have proliferated. Today, positive displacement motors dominate
oilfield operations and offer distinct operational and
economic advantages over conventional rotary drilling
in many conditions.
Downhole motors offer the option of drilling in either
a traditional rotary mode or a sliding mode in which the
hole follows the direction of the bent housing on the
motor. In directional drilling applications, downhole
motors permit control of the wellbore direction and,
thus, more effective deviation control than conventional
rotary methods.
The Anadrill PowerPak* steerable motors (Fig. 1-1)
have been designed specifically to meet the demanding
criteria of directional drilling. This handbook is intended
to give general advice and guidelines and sufficient technical information to enable you to use PowerPak motors
to their fullest advantage.

1.1

Introduction

Figure 1-1. PowerPak motor assembly.

Dump valve

Power section

SAB
Surface-Adjustable
Bent housing

Bearing section and

rig floorreplaceable
sleeve-type stabilizer

Introduction

1.2

1.2 PowerPak design and testing

PowerPak motors were designed according to directional

drillers requirements, with particular emphasis on
ruggedness, simplicity and proven technology that translates to superior, dependable performance at the wellsite.
Customer and operational requirements were established
through liaison with drilling operators. Anadrill engineers then applied knowledge and expertise gained from
more than three decades of involvement in directional
drilling to set design criteria with a focus on reliability.
Anadrill followed a downhole systems approach to
minimize noise interference with measurements-whiledrilling (MWD) telemetry and to ensure that PowerPak
motors would not unnecessarily limit flow rates and
other drilling procedures. An 18-month program of systems analysis and component testing began in 1990.
This comprehensive program included full-scale dynamometer and drilling rig performance testing at the
Anadrill advanced testing facility in Sugar Land, Texas.
An engineered maintenance program was designed to
include scheduling and component tracking.
Since their introduction in early 1992, PowerPak
motors have continually achieved or exceeded design
goals for reliability, performance and maintenance costs
and have established new standards for improved efficiency and reduced drilling costs.
PowerPak features

PowerPak steerable motors are modular in design

(Fig. 1-2), which enables them to operate in a wide
range of directional drilling conditions with minimal
interference to MWD systems. Motor components can
be selected to optimize performance for each set of
drilling conditions.
PowerPak motors feature mud-lubricated bearings for
rough drilling environments.

1.2

Introduction

Figure 1-2. Motor assembly cross section.

Dump valve

Power section

SAB
Surface-Adjustable
Bent housing

Transmission
assembly

Bearing section

Drive shaft

Introduction

1.2

The variety of rotor/stator configurations allows

PowerPak motors to be used for both low-speed/hightorque and high-speed/low-torque applications.
Extended power sections are available in most sizes
and configurations.
The SAB* Surface-Adjustable Bent housing improves
efficiency and increases drilling control at the wellsite.
A forged-steel drive shaft enhances the motors
strength.
Sealed transmission couplings extend motor life
by preventing mud contamination.
The bearing section is compact, which places the bend
closer to the bit and further enhances directional
performance.
The bearing section incorporates tungsten-carbidecoated radial bearings and multiple ball races as axial
bearings.
To optimize rotary drilling performance and minimize
bit wear, PowerPak bearing sections can be fitted with
rig floorreplaceable, sleeve-type stabilizers or with
integral blade stabilizers.

1.3

Introduction

1.3 Applications

The versatility of the PowerPak motors makes them the

ideal motors for both performance (straight hole) and
directional drilling. They are also useful in coring,
under-reaming, milling, template drilling and other
operations that are not covered in this handbook. For
information on these applications, call your Anadrill
service representative.
Performance drilling

In straight-hole applications, PowerPak motors function

as a performance drilling tool to increase the rate of penetration (ROP) and reduce casing wear by minimizing
string rotation.
Directional drilling

Compact design and high-torque capabilities make

PowerPak motors ideal for both conventional directional
drillingthat is, situations in which a well path is
steered to follow a planned geometric courseand
geosteering, in which the well or drainhole is steered to
optimize its local position within a reservoir with regard
to geological, fluid and structural boundaries.
For conventional directional drilling, an adjustable
bent housing in the transmission section and a stabilizer
on the bearing section allow the PowerPak motor to drill
in either an oriented (sliding) or a rotary mode. In rotary
mode, both the bit and the drillstring rotate. The rotation
of the drillstring negates the effect of the bent housing,
and the bit drills a straight path parallel to the axis of the
drillstring above the bent housing.
In sliding mode, only the bit rotates. The motor
changes the well course in the direction of the bent
housing, and the drillstring slides down the hole after the
bit. In this mode, the motor is oriented in the same way
as for conventional directional drilling, making it applicable for kickoff or course corrections.

Introduction

1.3

The PowerPak steerable motor makes it possible

to drill complete hole sections with one bottomhole
assembly (BHA) and to attain various combinations
of hole size and buildup rate.
In each of the applications described above, the
PowerPak adjustable bent housing can be quickly set
on the rig floor. Housings are available for 0 to 2 and
0 to 3 bend angle ranges. The PowerPak extra curve
(XC) motor has a surface-adjustable 0 to 4 bend
mechanism.
The PowerPak steerable motor consists of three major
subassemblies:
power section, composed of a rotor and a stator, which
converts hydraulic energy into mechanical rotary
power
transmission section, which transmits rotary drive
from the power section to the bearing section and also
incorporates the adjustable bent housing
bearing section, which supports axial and radial loads
during drilling and transmits the rotary drive to the bit
through a drive shaft.