Wolfgang Baumjohann Rudolf A. Treumann _ BASIC SPACE PLASMA PHysIcsPublished by Imperial College Press $7 Shelton Street Covent Garden London WC2H 9HE Distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: Suite 202, 1060 Main Street, River Edge, NJ 07661 UK office: 57 Shelton Strcet, Covent Garden, London WC2H SHE A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library First published 1997 Reprinted 1999, 2004 BASIC SPACE PLASMA PHYSICS Copyright © 1997 by Imperial College Press All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage und retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. Cover: Photograph of a barium cloud injected into the post-sunset ionosphere over Natal/Brazil during the Coloured Bubbles Campaign in September 1982. The blue emission paints the expanding sphere of the original neutral atoms. At F-region altitudes the sun is still visible and the barium atoms become ionized by solar UV radiation. Once created. the barium ions start gyrating and are thus bound to a particular magnetic field line. But the ions still move along the equatorial ficld lines, Icading to the formation of the pink striatons. (Courtesy of Gerhard Haerendel, MPE, Garching.) For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN 1-86094-079-X (pbk) Printed by MultiPrint ServicesContents Preface 2 . Introduction |. Trapped Particles 1d. 12, 1.3, 1.4, Definition ofa Plasma... 2.2.2.0... 0400 0e Geophysical Plasmas ....... Magnetospheric Currents . . : Theoretical Approaches. 2... 1. eee ee ee eee Single Particle Motion 3.1. 3.2, 33, 3.4. 3.5. . Electric Drifts . . . Adiabatic Invariants. . . . » Field Equations ©... 0.02 eee eee eee Gyration, .... Magnetic Drifts. . Dipole Field. 0 eee Bounce Motion Drift Motion . . Sources and Sinks . Ring Current . Collisions and Conductivity 41. . Plasma Conductivity .. . . Ionosphere Formation. . . ed . Ionospheric Conductivity... ......0..00 00% . TIonospheric Currents .. 2... ee eee ee . AuroralEmissions .. 2... 22 eee eee Collisions... ee