Vectors and Moments

Facebook page : https://www.facebook.
com/MrSherifYehiaAlMaraghy

Mr . Sherif Yehia Al Maraghy https://twitter.com/Mr_Sherif_yehia
01009988836 01009988826 Email : Rooshery@hotmail.com
Static 3
rd
secondary Chapter Three Vectors and Moments - 55 -
2
3
-1
-4
( )
0,1
The unit vector: A vector whose norm is 1
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
it is denoted by " i " vector and " j " vector where :
i 1,0 i x y 1 0 1
j 0,1 j x y 0 1 1
= = + = + =
= = + = + =
j
( )
i 1,0 =
O
y'
y
x
x'
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
Very important note: If A x , y And B x , y
AB B A x , y x , y x x , y y x x i y y j
= =
= = = = +
Vectors and Moments
First: Vectors

As we said before, Vectors is a physical quantity which has both magnitude and direction
Shapes of vectors

1
st
shape: We can write vector as ( )
a,b 2
nd
shape: we can write vector as

a ai b j = +
So for example:
( ) ( )

F 2,3 means F 2i 3 j Or H -4,-1 means H -4i j = = + = =

This is called the position vector for any point
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The length of the vectors Norm of the vector
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
If A x, y Then A x y is the length of vector A and it is denoted by Norm A
Example : If A 3,-4 Then the norm length of A 3 -4 5
= = +
= = + =

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The unit vectors " i " and " j "

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Facebook page : https://www.facebook.com/MrSherifYehiaAlMaraghy

Static 3
rd
o
Let A and B be two non Zero vectors , Let us represent them by OC and OD ,Then the
angle COD where 180 is called the smallest angle
Between these two vectors while the angle COD
of measu
u

< s
<
o
re more than 180 is called the biggest angle between them.
u
O
( )
fig 1
a b
D
C
u
O
( )
fig 2
a b
D
C
Small angle
The scalar product of two vectors is a scalar quantity which is equal to the norm of the first
vector multiplied by Cosine the angle between them .
A B A B Cosu =
o
where 0 180 u s s
( )
Scalar Algebraic Product Vector Product
A
B
o
30
I n this chapter, we will discuss the two kinds of vector multiplication which are:

First kind: Algebraic Product
It is denoted by
Some definitions

(1) The angle between the two vectors:

Very important note:

But we prefer to use the small angle
(2) The scalar product of two vectors :

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (1)

Answer

( ) ( )
We can get the small angle between the two vectors A and B by
Representing them by drawing
Or the same point " see figures 1 and 2 "
If is the measur u
the angle between two vectors:
Outwards I nwards
o
o
e of the angle the two vectors 0 180
the measure of the angle between them 360
u
u
s s

small
So big
o
Find A B where A is a vector of magnitude 5 and direction 30 north of west and B is a
vector of magnitude 8 towards south
o
o
A 5 And B 8 , and the measure of the small angle between
A and B is 120 So A B A B Cos
A B 5 8 Cos120 -20
u
= =
=
= =


Static 3
rd
B 40 =
A 65 =
u
Example (2)

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (3)

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (4)

Answer

If A and B are two vectors such that A 15 , B 12 and A B -135 , Then find
The measure of the angle between A and B
= = =
o
A B A B Cos -135 15 12 Cos Cos -0.75 138 36' u u u u = = = =
The vector A is of magnitude 65 towards west , B is a vector of magnitude 40 and direction
5
east of south and with angle where Tan , Then find A B
12
u u =
( ) ( )
o
A B A B Cos 90 A B A B - Sin
-5
A B 65 40 -1000
13
u u = + =
= =
5
12
u
13
( )
1 2
3
1 2
ABC is a right angled triangle at B where AB 6 cm , BC 8 cm , The vectors F , F and
F of magnitude 150 , 200 , 250 gm.wt act along BA , BC and CA , Find :
1 F F
= =
( ) ( )
2 3 1 3
2 F F 3 F F
( ) ( )( )
( )
o o
1 2
1 2 1 2
2 3
1 ABC 90 : F F 150 200 Cos90 0
Note When F F F F 0 directly
2 The angle between F and F must be inward Or outward
So to get the measure of the smaller angle

< = = =
=
( ) ( )
( )
2 3
2 3
o
2 3 2 3
1 3 1 3
Between F and F , we have to draw the ray BC
ACD is the angle between F and F
-8
F F F F Cos 180 200 250 -Cos 50000 -40000
10
3 F F F F
u u
<
| |
= = = =
|
\ .
=
6
Cos 150 250 22500
10
| = =
u
C D
B
A
E
|
3
F
1
F
2
F
8 cm
10 cm 6 cm


Static 3
rd
The Algebraic Projection of a vector in the direction of another vector
Definition

Conclusion: The algebraic Projection of a vector in the direction of another vector:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (5)

Answer

The algebraic projection of vector B in the direction of the vector A is defined to be the scalar
Quantity B Cos , where B B and is the measure of the smaller angle between A and B u u =
B
B
A A
u
u
D
D
C C O
O
The projection of B in the
Direction of A is B Cos u
B
A
O
A
B
D
A B
C
D
C
o
The projection of B in the direction
of A is B Cos 90 0 =
o
The projection of B in the direction
of A is B Cos 180 - B =
The magnitude of the first vector Cos the angle between the two vectors
( )
( )
So A B ABCos
A B A BCos A The algebraic projection of B in the direction of A
u
u
=
= =
o
A is a vector where A 30 and B is a vectors B 20 and the angle between A and
B is 75 , then find the algebraic projection of A in the direction of B and also the algebraic
Projec
= =
tion of B in direction of A .
o
o
The algebraic projection of A in the direction of B A Cos 30 Cos75 7.768
The algebraic projection of B in the direction of A B Cos 20 Cos75 5.176
u
u
= = =
= = =


Static 3
rd
B 12 =
A 18 =
o
30
o
60
Example (6)

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (7)

Answer

o
o
A is a vector of magnitude 18 and direction 60 north of east , B is another vector of
magnitude 12 and direction 30 south of west , Find the algebraic projection of the two
vectors A and B in the direction of the other .
o o o o
o
The smaller angle between the two vectors 30 90 30 150
The algebraic projection of A in the direction of B :
A Cos 18 Cos150 -9 3
The algebraic projection of B in the di
u
u
= + + =
= =
o
rection of A :
B Cos 12 Cos150 -6 3 u = =
A
B
C
D
u
10
7.5
A
B
C
D
10
7.5
12.5
u
( )
( )
ABCD is a rectangle in which AB 7.5 cm , BC 10 cm , Find :
a The algebraic projection of the vector CB in the direction of AC
b The algebraic projection of the vector BD in the direction of
= =
BA
( )
a Don' t forget that the direction of the two vectors
must be either inwards Or outwards , so we must
extend AC and get the angle , so the algebraic
projection of CB in the direct
( )
( ) ( )
( )
o
2 2
ion of AC :
CB Cos CB Cos 180 - CB Cos
10 4
where AC 7.5 10 12.5 cm And Cos
12.5 5
-4
So - CB Cos 10 -8
5
b The algebraic projection of BD in the
d
u u u
u
u
= =
= + = = =
| |
= =
|
\ .
7.5
irection of BA : BD Cos 12.5 7.5
12.5
u = =


Static 3
rd
The scalar product of two Non Zero vectors is ve Or -ve quantity Or zero
according to the measure of the between the two vectors u
+
( )
( )
( )
a If is an acute angle Then A B is ve
b If is an obtuse angle Then A B is ve
c If is a right angle Then A B is Zero and if :
A B
u
u
u
+

o
o o
0< < 90
90 < < 180
=
2
0 , Then either A 0 Or B 0 Or A B = = =
Properties of the Scalar Product between two vectors
Rule (1)

Note (1): The units for measuring the scalar quantity A B is equal to the unit of :
A multiplied by the unit of B
For example:
If A is a unit vector , whose norm is the and B is a displacement whose norm is
Then the unit of the calr Product A B is
Newton meter
Newton meter
Note (2):

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule (2)
The scalar product of any vector into itself is equal to the square of its magnitude
2
So for any vector a a a where a a = =
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule (3)

( )
Example: 3 a 2b 6 a b a 6 b 6 a b = = =
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule (4)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A B A B Cos B A Cos B A u u = = =
( ) ( ) ( )
For any two vectors a and b and for any scalar m:
m a b a m b m a b = =
( ) ( ) ( )
For any three vectors a , b and c , The distributive law holds:
a b c a c b c + = +


Static 3
rd
( ) ( )
a a Cos i a Sin j u u = +
a Sinu
a Cosu
u
a
o
o o
if the magnitude of the vector a is 3 and 110 , find the Component form.
3 Cos 110 3Sin 110 -1.026 2.82
u =
= + = +
Example:
a i j i j
F 4i 2 j in the direction of the vector = +
Rule (5)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule (6)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule (7)
Perpendicular resolution of vector Geometric Component

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule (8)

Example: Find the algebraic component of the vector
( ) ( )
AB where A -2,3 And B 1,-1 = =
Answer
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2
AB
The algebraic Component of F in the direction of AB is F
AB
And AB B A i j - 2i 3 j 3i 4 j And AB 3 -4 5
3i 4 j
AB 12 8
F 4i 2 j
5
AB
= = + = = + =

= + = 0.8
5
=

i i j j 1 , i j j i 0 = = = =
1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2

If a a i a j and b b i b j Then a b a b a b

= + = + = +
a
The algebraic Component of F in the direction of a is equal to F
a
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2
1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
st st nd nd
1 2 1 2
Proof :

a b a i a j b i b j a i b i a i b j a j b i a j b j

a b i i a b i j a b j i a b j j a b a b

a b a i a j b i b j 1 1 2 2

= + + = + + +
= + + + = +
= + + = + Conclusion:
Don' t forget : i i j j 1 , i j j i 0

( = = = =


Static 3
rd
If A 3i 4 j and B 5i 12 j , Then find A B and the measure of the angle
included between the two vectors .
= + = +
If A 3i j and B 4 j , Then find the algebraic projection of each of the two vectors
In the direction of each other .
= + =
If A 3i j and B 2i k j , Then find the value of k so that A B = = +
Mixed examples on the whole lesson
( )
The analysis being referred to two perpendicular directions and i and j are the unit vectors in these two directions
Example (1)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (2)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (3)

Answer
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
o
o

A B 3i j 2i k j 3 2 1 k 6 k And A B 90
Cos90 0 A B A B Cos A B 0
6 k 0 k 6
u
u
= + = = =
= = =
= =

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
-1 o

There is no angle given, then : A B 3i 4 j 5i 12 j 15i 48 j 15 48 63
A 3 4 5 And B 5 12 13
A B 63 63 63
A B A B Cos Cos Cos 14 15'
13 5 65 65
A B
u u u
= + + = + = + =
= + = = + =
= = = = = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
The algebraic projection of A in the direction of B : A Cos So we have to get Cos

A B 3i j 0i 4 j 3 0 1 4 4
A 3 1 2 And B 0 4 4
A B
A B A B Cos Cos
A B
u u
u u
= + + = + =
= + = = + =
= =
-1 o
4 1 1
Cos 60
2 4 2 2
1
The algebraic projection of A in the direction of B : A Cos 2 1
2
1
The algebraic projection of B in the direction of A : B Cos 4 2
2
u
u
u
= = = =
= =
= =


Static 3
rd
If A 2i 5 j and B i k j , Then find the value of k so that A // B = + = +
o
If A k i j and B 12i 5 j , Then find the value of k that makes the measure of the
Angle between A and B equals 45
= =
Example (4)

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (5)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
o
2 2 2 2
2
2 o 2
2
2 2 2
A // B 0 And A B A B Cos
Where A B 2i 5 j i k j 2 5k
And A 2 5 29 And B 1 k k 1
2 5k 29 k 1 Cos0 2 5k 29 k 1
So by squaring both: 2 5k 29 k 1 4 20k 25k 29k 2
u u = =
= + + = +
= + = = + = +
+ = + + = +
+ = + + + = +
( )
2
2
9
4k 20k 25 0 2k 5 0 2k 5 k 2.5 + = = = =
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
o
2 2 2 2
2
2
2 2
2
2
A B A B Cos45 1
Where A B k i j 12i 5 j 12k 5
And A k -1 k 1 And B 12 -5 13
1 169
12k 5 13 k 1 So by squaring both: 12k 5 k 1
2 2
169k 169
144 120k 25 288 240k 50 169k
2
=
= = +
= + = + = + =
+ = + + = +
+
+ + = + +
( )( )
2
2
169 0
119k 240k 119 0 17k 7 7k 17 0
7 -17
k "agreed" And k "refused"
17 7
b b 4ac
Note : We can use formula to find k : k
2a
=
+ = + =
= =

=


Static 3
rd
( ) ( )
( )
( )
ABCD is a trapezium in which AD// BC , m A m B , AD 16 cm , BC 21 cm
2
And AB 12 cm , Find :
1 The algebraic projection of AD in the direction of CB
2 The algebraic projection of BD in the di
t
< = < = = =
=
( )
rection of CB
3 The algebraic projection of CD in the direction of AB
Example (6)

Answer

C
D
21 cm
16 cm
12 cm
A
B
C
D
16 cm
16 cm
12 cm
A
B
C
D
16 cm
12 cm
A
B
5 cm
12 cm
5 cm
12 cm
13 cm
u
|
16 cm
( )
o
1 The measure of the angle between AD and CB is equal 180
Thus the
of AD in the direction of CB is
AD Cos The angle between AD and CB u
algebraic projection
( )
( )
o
16Cos180 -16
2 Don' t forget that the direction of the two vectors
must be either inwards Or outwards , so we must
extend CB
= =
( )
( ) ( )
o
2 2
and get the angle , so the algebraic
projection of BD in the direction of CB :
BD Cos BD Cos 180 - BD Cos
16 4
where BD 16 12 20 cm And Cos
20 5
So -
u
u | |
|
= =
= + = = =
( )
-4
BD Cos 20 -16
5
3 We must extend CD , so that angle EDF is
the angle between CD And AB
The algebraic projection of CD in the direction of AB :
CD Cos 180
|
| |
= =
|
\ .
<
( )
o
12
- CD Cos -13 -12 cm
13
u u
| |
= = =
|
\ .


Static 3
rd
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
ABCD is a square , the length of whose side is 8 cm , find :
1
a AB CD b 2 BC AD c BC -2DB d AC BD
4
| |
|
\ .
( ) ( )
( )
( )
o
a AB CD AB CD Cos 8 8 Cos180 64 -1 -64
1 1 1
b 2 BC AD 2 BC AD BC AD Cos
4 4 2
1

2
u
u
= = = =
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
=
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
o
o
o
8 8 Cos0 32
c BC -2DB -2 BC DB Cos -2 8 8 2 Cos135 128
d AC BD AC BD Cos 8 8 Cos90 0
u
u
=
= = =
= = =
Example (7)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C
D A
B
8 cm
C
D A
B
8 cm
C
D A
B
8 cm
u
8 2


Static 3
rd
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
ABCD is a rectangle which AB 6 cm , BC 8 cm , find :
5
a -2 AB AC c BC DB d AC BD
2
= =
| |
|
\ .
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
AC 8 6 10 cm
a -2 AB AC -2 AB AC Cos
6
-2 6 10 -72
10
5 5
b BC DB BC DB
2 2
5
BC BD C
2
u
= + =
=
= =
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
=
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
o
2 2
os 180
5
- BC BD Cos
2
5 -8
8 10 -160
2 10
c In AMB: AC 6 8 10 cm
1
AM AC 5 cm Median from right angle
2
Also BM AM 5 cm Prop
u
u
=
= =
A = + =
= =
= =
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
erties of a rectangle
5 5 6
7
So in AMB : Cos
2 5 5 25
7
AC BD AC BD Cos 10 10 28
25
u
u
+
A = =
= = =
Example (8)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C
D A
B
8 cm
C
D A
B
C
D A
B
u
10 cm
u
10 cm
u
8 cm
8 cm
6 cm
u
8 cm
6 cm
6 cm
M


Static 3
rd
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
o
ABCD is a parallelogram in which m BAC 90 , BC 2AB 8cm , find:
1 1
a CA CB b AD DC c AB 3 AD d 7 BD AC
3 2
< = = =
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
o
AC 8 4 4 3 cm
4 3
a CA CB CA CB Cos 4 3 8 48
8
1 1 1
b AD DC AD DC
3 2 6
1
AD DC Cos 180
6

u
u
= =
= = =
| | | | | |
=
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
| |
=
|
\ .
( )
( ) ( )
( )
o
1
- AD DC Cos
6
1 4 8
- 8 4 -
6 8 3
c AB 3 AD 3 AB AD Cos 90
3 4 8 - Sin
4
-32 3 -1
8
u
u
u
=
= =
= +
=
= =
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
6 3
1
d In AMB: AM AC 2 3 cm
2
MB 2 3 4 2 7 cm
BD 4 7
7 BD AC 7 BD AC Cos
2 3
7 4 7 4 3 336
2 7
u
A = =
= + =
=
=
= =
Example (9)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C
D
A
B
8 cm
u
8 cm
4 cm
4 3
C
D
A
B
8 cm
u
8 cm
4 cm
4 3
C
D
A
B
8 cm
8 cm
4 cm
4 3
C
D
A
B
8 cm
u
8 cm
4 cm
2 3
u


Static 3
rd
( )
If ABCD is a square , then prove that : AB BC BD Zero + =
( )
o o
AB BC BD AB BD BC BD
AB BD Cos135 BC BD Cos45
-1 1
8 8 2 8 8 2 Zero
2 2
+ = +
+
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .
( ) ( )
2 2
Prove that for any two vectors a and b : a b a b a b where a a
and b b
+ = =
=
( ) ( )
Let a 3i 2 j , b -i 4 j And c -2 j
1
Then find with respect to i and j the vector: - c 2 b -3a c
5
= + = + =
(
+

Example (10)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (11)

Answer
( ) ( )
a b a b a a a b + = b a +
2 2
b b a b =
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (12)

Answer
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
Let a 3i 2 j , b -i 4 j And c -2 j
1
Then find with respect to i and j the vector: - c 2 b -3a c
5
2 b -3a -6 b a -6 3 -1 2 4 -30
1 1
- c 2 b -3a c - c -30 c - c 6 c
5 5
= + = + =
(
+

= = + = (

(
+ = + =

( )
-7 c -7 -2j 14 j = = =

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C
D A
B
8 cm


Static 3
rd
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
AB AC AB AC Cos BAC
AB AC
Cos BAC
AB AC
AB B A -4,3 3,2 -7 ,1 -7i j
AB -7 1 50
AC C A -3,-6 3,2 -6 ,-8 -6i 8 j
AC -6 -8 10
AB AC -7i j -6i 8 j
= <
< =
= = = = +
= + =
= = = =
= + =
= +
( )
o
42 8 34
34
Cos BAC 61 16'
10 50
u
= =
< = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
o
AB B A 2,3 1,1 1,2 i 2 j And AB 1 2 5
And AC C A 5,-1 1,1 4,-2 4i 2 j And AC 4 2 2 5
AB AC i 2 j 4i 2 j 4 4 0 90 AB AC
The algebraic component of F in th
u
= = = = + = + =
= = = = = + =
= + = = =
( )
( )
( )
( )
e direction of AB is equal to :
i 2 j
AB
F 7i 4 j 3 5 Newton
5 AB
And The algebraic component of F in the direction of AC is equal to :
4i 2 j
AC
F 7i 4 j 2 5
2 5 AC
+
= + =
= + = Newton
Example (13)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
ABC is a triangle in which A 3,2 , B -4,3 and C -3,-6 , Then find m BAC = = = <
Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (14)
( ) ( ) ( )
If A 1,1 , B 2,3 and C 5,-1 , Then prove that AB AC , Then find the algebraic
Component of F 7i 4 j Newton in the two directions AB and AC .
= = =
= +

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C
A
B


Static 3
rd
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
AB BC AB BC Cos where :
AB B A 7 ,5 4,1 3,4 And AB 3 4 5
And BC C B -5,-4 7 ,5 -12,-9 And BC -12 -9 15
3,4 -12,-9
AB BC -36 36
Cos
5 15 75
AB BC
u
u
=
= = = = + =
= = = = + =
= = = =
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
-24
25
The algebraic component of AB in the direction of BC is equal to :
-12,-9 3 -12 4 -9
BC
AB 3,4 -4.8
15 15
BC
The algebraic component of BC in the direction of AB is equ
+
= = =
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
al to :
3,4 3 -12 4 -9
AB
BC -12,-9 -14.4
5 5
AB
+
= = =
Example (15)
( ) ( ) ( )
If A 4,1 , B 7 ,5 and C -5,-4 , Find Cos where is the angle between the two
Vectors AB and BC , Then determine the algebraic Component of each of the two vectors
in the direction of the other .
u u = = =

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd

Second kind: Vector Product
It is denoted by

( )
A B A B Sin k where : u = Rule

A A And B B and is the measure of the small angle between A and B and k is
the unit vector perpendicular to the plane containing the two vectors A and B .
The direction of the un
u = =
it vector k is determined according to the right hand rule which

states that:
If the curved fingers of the right hand indicates the rotation of the vector A towards vector B
Throught the smaller
angle , then the thumb will indicate the direction of k as shown in figures

( )
the vector product A B is a And not and its direction is
Perpendicular to the plane containing the vectors A and B in the direction which is
determined according to
Note that : vector scalar
the right hand rule and the unit vector in the direction of A B
A B

is the vector k which is equal to k
ABSinu
=


Static 3
rd
Properties of the Vector Product between two vectors
Rule (1)

Note :
( ) ( )
For the two vectors A B and B A have the same magnitude But have different direction
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule (2)

o o o
If A // B , Then A B 0
for , In this case is equal to Zero or 180 and hence Sin 0 Sin 180 0
If A B 0 , Then either A 0 Or B 0 Or
u
=
= =
= = = Note: A // B

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule (3)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule (4)

( ) ( )
A B - B A A B Sin k u = =
( )
o
o
The vector product of any vector into itself is equal zero as Sin0 0
So for any vector : a a zero
Proof: a a a a Sin 0 k Zero

=
=
= =
The Right hand system
( )
o o
In the given figure:
OX and OY are two perpendicular directions

i and j are two unit vectors in these directions respectively:

So i j i j Sin90 1 1 Sin90 k k
Where k is the unit vector

= = =

perpendicular to plane OXY containing i and j
And in the direction of the right hand rule.

From this: we can say : i j k k i j j k i
And when they are in th
= = =
e anticlock wise :

From this: we can say : j i -k i k - j k j -i

But i i j j k k 0
= = =
= = =


Static 3
rd
Rule (5)

( ) ( )
Example: 3 a 2b 6 a b a 6 b 6 a b = = =
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule (6)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule (7)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I mportant Remark

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

( )
( )
1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1
st nd nd st

If a a i a j and b b i b j Then a b a b a b k
Or a b 1 2 2 1 k

= + = + =
=
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2
1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1

Proof : a b a i a j b i b j a i b i a i b j a j b i a j b j

a b i i a b i j a b j i a b j j

0 a b k a b - k 0 a b a b k
Don' t forget : i i j
= + + = + + +
= + + +
= + + + = +
=
( )

j 1 , i j k & j i - k

Where i , j , k are the right system of unit vectors
(
= = =

( ) ( ) ( )
For any two vectors a and b and for any scalar m:
m a b a m b m a b = =
( ) ( ) ( )
For any three vectors a , b and c , The distributive law holds:
a b c a c b c + = +
u
O
D
N
C
A
B
We know that A B AB Sin
If OC represents the vector A And if OD represents the vectorB
And AB Sin OC OD Sin The surface area of the parallelogram OCND

u
u u
=
= =
Twice the surface area of OCD = A


Static 3
rd
Comparison between Scalar and Vector products


Static 3
rd
Example (1)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (2)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (3)

Answer

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )

Let A 6i 15 j , B 5i 3 j , C -i j , find :
a A B C b A B C
c B A C d C B A
= + = =
+

( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
st nd nd st

Let i , j , k be a right system of unit vectors

a A B 6i 15 j 5i 3 j 11i 12 j

A B C 11i 12 j -i j 1 2 2 1 k -11 12 k k

b A B 6i 15 j 5i 3 j -18 75 k -93k

+ = + + = +
+ = + = = + =
= + = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
o o

A B C -93k -i j -93k -i -93k j

93 k i Cos90 93 k j Cos90 0 0 0

c A C 6i 15 j -i j -6 15 k 9k
B A
= =
= = + =
= + = + =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

C 5i 3 j 9k 45 i k 27 j k 45 - j 27 i -27i 45 j

d C B -i j 5i 3 j 6i 15 j 3 5 k 6i 15 j 48 k i 120 k j

= = = =
(
= + = + + = +

48 j 120i =

If A i 3 j , B mi 2 j , A B -14k , Then find the value of m . = + = =
( ) ( ) ( )

A B -14k i 3 j mi 2 j -14k -2 3m k -14k
-2 3m -14 m 4
= + = =
= =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )

Let C mi n j And A C -19k -2i 5 j mi n j k -14k

-2n 5m k -14k -2n 5m -14 1

And C B 6 k mi n j 3i 4 j k 6 k 4m 3n 6 2
From 1 and 2 and by simultanous : m 3 An
(
= + = + + =

= =
(
= + + = =

=

d n 2 C 3i 2 j = = +

If A -2i 5 j and B 3i 4 j , find the vector C in the plane A and B such that:

A C -14k And C B 6k
= + = +
= =


Static 3
rd
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )

AB B A -1,5 2,1 -3,4 -3i 4 j BA - AB 3i 4 j

AC C A -4,-1 2,1 -6 ,-2 -6i 2 j CA - AC 6i 2 j

BC C B -4,-1 -1,5 -3,-6 -3i 6 j CB - BC 3i 6 j
AB AC
= = = = + = =
= = = = = = +
= = = = = = +
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )

-3i 4 j -6i 2 j 6 24 k 30k

BA CB 3i 4 j 3i 6 j 18 12 30k

BC CA -3i 6 j 6i 2 j -6 36 30k
= + = + =
= + = + =
= + = + =
( ) ( )
( )

A 3i 2 j , B -i j , C i 5 j And D 6i

a AB B A -4i 3 j And CD D C 5i 5 j AB CD 20 15 k 5k

b AC C A -2i 7 j & BA A B
= = + = + =
= = + = = = =
= = + = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )( )

4i 3 j & DC C D -5i 5 j

BA DC -i 2 j AC BA DC -2i 7 j -i 2 j -4 7 3k

c BC C B 2i 4 j And AB AC -4i 3 j -2i 7 j 8 21 29
BC AB
= = +
+ = + + = + + = + =
= = + = + + = + =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )

AC 29 2i 4 j 58i 116 j

BC AB AC BD 58i 116 j 7i j -58 812 k -870k
= + = +
= + = =
Example (4)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (5)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (6)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )

Let C mi n j And A C 21 -2i 5 j mi n j 21
-2m 5n 21 1

And C B -8k mi n j i j k -8k - m n -8 2

From 1 and 2 and by simultanous : m 3 And n 5 C 3i 5 j
= + = + + =
+ =
(
= + = + =

= = = +
( ) ( )

If A 2,3 and B 1,-1 , Then find the vector C such that: A C 21 & C B -8k = = = =
( ) ( ) ( )
If A 2,1 , B -1,5 and C -4,-1 Then prove that: AB AC BA CB BC CA = = = = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
If A 3,-2 , B -1,1 , C 1,5 and D 6 ,0 , Then find:
a AB CD b AC BA DC c BC AB AC BD
= = = =
+


Static 3
rd
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )

a a c i j 4 j 4 0 k 4k

a c b 4k -i 2 j -4 k i 8 k j -4 0 8 0 0

b b c -i 2 j 4 j -i 2 j a b c i j -i 2 j - 2 1 k -3k
c a b i j -i 2 j -1 2 -3
b -3c -3 b c -3 -i 2 j 4 j -3 -4 0
= = + =
= + = + = + =
= + = = = =
= + = =
= = + =
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

k 12k
d b c -i 2 j 4 j 0 8 8 a b -3

b c a a b c 8a -3 c -24 a c -24 4k -96k
=
= + = + = =
= = = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
Let C ai b j , So C // A C A 0

ai b j 3i 4 j -4a 3b k - k 4a 3b 0 4a 3b 0 1

C B 62k ai b j 4i 5 j 62k 5a 4b k 62k
5a 4b 62 2 , Then from 1 and 2 : b -8 & c 6 C
= + =
+ = + = + =
= + + = =
= = = 6i 8 j =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
o
2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2

a 2i 3 j mi 2 j -5k 4 3m k -5k 4 3m -5 m 3
b A B 2i 3 j mi 2 j 0 2m 6 0 m -3
2i 3 j mi 2 j
A B 1 2m 6
c Cos Cos45
2 A B 13 m 4
2 3 m 2
By squaring both sides : 13 m 4 2 2m 6 13m 52 2
u
+ + = = = =
+ + = + = =
+ +
+
= = = =
+
+ +
+ = + + =
( )
( )( )
2
2
4m 24m 36
-2
5m 48m 20 0 m 10 5m 2 0 m 10 Or m
5
+
= + = = =
Example (7)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (8)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (9)

Answer

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
= = + =

Let A i j , B -i 2 j and C 4 j , Then find:
a A C B b A B C c B A B C d B C A A B C
If A 3i 4 j , B 4i 5 j , Then find the vector C where C // A , C B 62k = = + =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
= =
=
o
If A 2,3 And B m,2 , find the value of m in each of the following cases:
a A B -5k b A B
c The measure of the angle between A and B equals 45


Static 3
rd
( ) ( ) ( )

A -2 j , B 6i 4 j , C 7i 4 j And D -2i 4 j

AC C A 7i 6 j And BD D B -8i 8 j

AC BD 7i 6 j -8i 8 j 56 48 k 104k
Area of ABCD Area of ABC Area of ACD
W
= = = + = +
= = + = = +
= + + = + =
= A + A
( ) ( ) ( )
1
here Area of ABC AB AC Sin
2
But we know that : AB AC Sin AB BC
1
Area of ABC AB BC
2

AB B A 6i 2 j And BC C B i 8 j

AB BC 6i 2 j i 8 j 48 2 k 50k
u
u
A =
=
A =
= = = = +
= + = + =
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
Area of ABC AB BC 50 25 1
2 2
1 1
Also Area of ACD AC AD Sin AC AD
2 2

AC C A 7i 6 j And AD D A -3i 6 j

AC AD 7i 6 j -3i 6 j 42 18 k 60k
Area of
u
A = = =
A = =
= = + = = +
= + + = + =
( )
1 1
ACD AC AD 60 30 2
2 2
Area of ABCD Area of ABC Area of ACD 25 30 55
A = = =
= A + A = + =
Example (10)

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
If A 0,-2 , B 6 ,-4 , C 7 ,4 and D -2,4 are vertices of a quadrilateral , then
find AC BD and calculate the area of ABCD
= = = =


Static 3
rd
Vector Moment Algebraic Moment
F
A
O
d
r
One person is sitting at the end of a see - saw
Can balance the weight of the two people sitting closer in
The produced by a force depends on its
distance from the pivot poin
I ntroduction:
turning effect
( )
t.
It is easier to close the door if you push at the edge , this is because
you are applying force further away from the pivot point The hinge
you would need a greater force closer to the hinge to produce the
same turning effect.
The moment of a force measures of the force on the body on which it is acting
the moment of a force depends on the magnitude of the force and its distance from
turning effect
the axis of
rotation .
F
A
O
r ( )
o
o
The moment of a force F about O denoted by M is defined to be
a quantity r F
Where r is the for any point A Say on the
li
Rule: M r F OA F
= = vector
position vector
( )
o
ne of action of the F with respect to O .

1 The above definition makes M is equal to r F and not F
force
Notes :
( )
( )
( )
o
r because : r F - r F
2 OA A O
3 The magnitude of a moment :

Where is the perpendicular distance from the point to the
Rule: M Fd
=
=
=
d line of action of F

Second : Moments (Torque)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
st
: Vector Moment of a force about a point


Static 3
rd

F 4i 3 j =
( )
A 2,3
( )
B -1,2
d
r
( )

Let i and j are two unit vectors in the two perpendicular directions OX and OY respectively
A force F 4i 3 j acts at the point A 2,3 , Calculate the moment of this force about :
The point B
= =
= ( ) -1,2 , Also find the magnitude of this moment .
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
B
B

Let k be a unit vector perpendicular to both i and j such that i , j ,k form a right hand
system of unit vectors .
M r F BA F

Where BA A B 2,3 -1,2 3,1 3i j
M
= =
= = = = +
( ) ( ) ( )
B

r F 3i j 4i 3 j -9 4 k -13k
Then the magnitude of M 13
Note : To find the magnitude of any moment : Remove k and the -ve Sign
= = + = =
=

F 3i 4 j = +
( )
C 1,2
( )
A 5,4
d
r
( )
( ) ( )
( )
A force F 3i 4 j acts at the point C 1,2 ,Then find :
1 The Moment of this force about point A 5,4
2 The length of the perpendicular from A on the line of action of this force .
= + =
=
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
A
A
A
2 2
M r F AC F

Where AC C A 1,2 5,4 -4,-2 -4i 2 j

M r F -4i 2 j 3i 4 j -16 6 k -10k
And the magnitude of F 3 4 5
So M F d
= =
= = = =
= = + = + =
=
= + =
=
10
10 5d d 2
5
= = =
Example (1)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (2)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd

F -2i j = +
( )
B 7 ,2
( )
A 3,-1
d
r
( )
( )
A force F -2i j acts at the point B 7 ,2 ,Then find :
The length of the perpendicular from A 3,-1 on the line of action of this force .
= + =
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
A
A
A
2 2
M r F AB F

Where AB B A 7 ,2 3,-1 4,3 4i 3 j

M r F 4i 3 j -2i j 4 6 k 10k
And the magnitude of F -2 1 5
So M F d 10 5d
= =
= = = = +
= = + + = + =
=
= + =
= =
10
d 2 5
5
= =
1

F 2i j = +
( )
A 3,-1
( )
B -1,3
( )
O 0,0
1
r
( ) ( )
( )
1 2
The two forces F 2i j and F mi 2 j acts at A 3,-1 and B -1,3 respectively
Find such that the sum of the moments of these two forces vanishes at O 0,0
= + = = =
m
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
A
A
B
O 1 1 1
O 1 1
O 2 2 2
M r F OA F

Where OA A O 3,-1 0,0 3,-1 3i j

M r F 3i j 2i j 3 2 k 5k
And M r F OB F
Where OB B O -1,3 0,0
= =
= = = =
= = + = + =
= =
= = = ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
B
A B
O 2 2
O O

-1,3 -i 3 j

M r F -i 3 j mi 2 j 2 3m k
The sum of the moments vanishes : M M 0

5k 2 3m k 0 5k 2k 3mk 0 7k 3mk 0 by k

= +
= = + =
+ =
+ = + = =
7
7 3m 0 m
3
= =
2

F mi 2 j =
2
r
Example (3)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (4)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
1

F mi 3 j = +
( )
A 2,5
( )
B 1,-3
( )
O 0,0
1
r
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
A 1 1 1
A 1 1
B 2 2 2
First : With respect to the Origin 0,0
M r F OA F

Where OA A O 2,5 0,0 2,5 2i 5 j

M r F 2i 5 j mi 3 j 6 5m k
And M r F OB F
Whe
= =
= = = = +
= = + + =
= =
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
B 2 2
A B

re OB B O 1,-3 0,0 1,-3 i 3 j

M r F i 3 j Li 5 j -5 3L k

6 5m k -5 3L k 0 6k 5mk 5k 3Lk 0 by k

= = = =
= = = +
+ =
+ + = + =
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
A 1 1 1
A 1 1
3L 5m -1 1
Second : With respect to the D 5,-2
M r F DA F

Where DA A D 2,5 5,-2 -3,7 -3i 7 j

M r F -3i 7 j mi 3 j -9 7m k
And M
=
= =
= = = = +
= = + + =
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
B 2 2 2
B 2 2
A B
r F OD F

Where DB B D 1,-3 5,-2 -4,-1 -4i j

M r F -4i j Li 5 j 20 L k

-9 7m k 20 L k 0 by k
= =
= = = =
= = = +
+ =
+ + =
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
-9 7m 20 L 0 by k
L 7m -11 2
From 1 and 2 : By simultanous 3L 3m -1 -1 -3L 5m 1

+ + =
=
= + =
( ) L 7m -11 3 3L 21m -33
-16 m -32
m 2 And by substitution in any equation: L 3
= =
=
= =
2

F Li 5 j =
2
r
( ) ( )
1 2
The two forces F mi 3 j and F Li 5 j acts at A 2,5 and B 1,-3 respectively
Determine the value of and such that the sum of the moments of these two forces with
respect to the origin and wit
= + = = =
m L
( ) h respect to D 5,-2 vanishes . =
1

F mi 3 j = +
( )
A 2,5
( )
B 1,-3
( )
D 5,-2
1
r
2

F Li 5 j =
2
r
Example (5)

Answer


Static 3
rd

F xi y j = +
( )
A 3,-1
( )
B -1,3
( )
O 0,0
1
r
( )
( )
Find the force F which acts at A 3,-2 such that its moment at the origin vanishes and the
Algebraic measure of its moment about B -1,2 equals -8k .

=
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
O 1
O 1
O

Let the force F xi y j
First : with respect to the Origin 0,0
M r F OA F

Where OA A O 3,-2 0,0 3,-2 3i 2 j

M r F 3i 2 j xi y j 3y 2x k
And M 0 3
= +
= =
= = = =
= = + = +
=
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
B 2
B 1
B
y 2x k 0 3y 2x 0 1
Second : with respect to the B -1,2
M r F BA F

Where BA A B 3,-2 -1,2 4,-4 4i 4 j

M r F 4i 4 j xi y j 4y 4x k
And M -8k 4y
+ = + =
= =
= = = =
= = + = +
= + ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )

4x k -8k 4y 4x -8 2
2y 2x -4 2 Then by subtracting 2 1 : - y -4

y 4 And x -6 Then F -6i 4 j
= + =
+ = =
= = = +
2
r
Example (6)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
r
R
3
F
2
F
1
F
O
A
A B
B
M
A
M
( ) ( )
( )
A B
A
If the moment of F about A M The moment of F about B M
Then AB // The line of action of F
If the moment of F about A M - The moment of F about B M
=
=
( )
( )
B
Then the line of action of F passes through the mid - point of AB
( ) ( ) 1 To prove that the line of action of the resultant forces R AB , Then :
Find the sum of moments of the given forces at A
Find the
Steps to solve different kinds of moment's problem:
bisect
( )
( ) ( )
A B
sum of moments of the given forces at B
So if the Sum of M - the sum of M
Then the line of action of the resultant forces R AB
2 To prove that R // AB We must prove tha
=
bisect
( ) ( )
( )
A B
Then
A
Then
B
t : M M
3 If the line of action of the forces R passes through A M Zerooo
Also If the line of action of the forces R passes through B M Zerooo
=
=
=
1 2 3 n
o 1 2 3 n
o
Let F , F , F , ............ F be a finite number of forces acting at A and
Let O be any point in the space .
M r F r F r F .......... r F
M r
= + + + +
=
( )
( )
1 2 3 n
o
F F F .......... F
M r R Where R is the resultant of the forces
The sum of the moments of forces about O is equal to the moment of the resultant of these
forces ab
+ + + +
=
1 2 3 n
out O .
The length of the perpendicular from any point to the line of action of the Resultant of forces
M
M Rd d Where M= M And R F F F .......... F
R
= = = + + + +
Theorem of Coplanar forces

The algebraic sum of the moments of a system of forces acting at a point about any point in
the space is equal to the moment of the resultant of these forces about the same point .

Proof

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Very important remarks


Static 3
rd
1

F 2i j = +
( )
A 1,-2
( )
O 0,0
r
( )
1 2 3
The forces F 2i j , F -i 2 j And F 2i 7 j act at A 1,-2 , Find the
moment of each of these forces about the origin and hence find the length of the perpendicular
from the origin to the line
= + = + = =
of action of the resultant .
2

F -i 2 j = +
3

F 2i 7 j =
1

F i j = +
( )
A 2,-3
( )
B 1,1
r
( )
( ) ( )
1 2 3
The forces F i j , F -5i 2 j And F 2i act at A 2,-3
i Prove that : The algebraic sum of the moments of these forces about B 1,1 is equal to
the moment of their resu
= + = + = =
=
( )
ltant about B .
ii Prove that the line of action of the resultant of these forces passes through the origin O .
( )
( ) ( )
=
= + +
= + + = + + + + =
B 1 2 3
1 2 3
To prove that the algebraic sum of the moments The moment of their resultant
We must solve in details "Proof of the theorem"
M r F F F

And R F F F i j -5i 2 j 2i -
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
+
= = = = =
= = + = =
= = + = + =
= =
B
1 1
2 2

2i 3 j
And as the force act at A :

r BA A B 2,-3 1,1 1,-4 i 4 j

M r R i 4 j -2i 3 j 3 8 k -5k 1

Also M r F i 4 j i j 1 4 k 5k

M r F i 4 j
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
+ = =
= = = + =
= + + = + =
3 3
B 1 2 3

-5i 2 j 2 20 k -18k

M r F i 4 j 2i 0 8 k 8k

M M M M 5k 18k 8k -5k 2
From 1 and 2 : The sum of the moments about B is equal to the moment of the resulta
( ) ( )
= =
= = = =
O O
nt about B
To prove that the line of action of the resultant of these forces passes through O
We must prove that : M Zeroo And M r R

Where r OA A O 2,-3 0,0 2i 3 j
( ) ( ) ( ) = + = =
O

M 2i 3 j -2i 3 j 6 6 k 0 The line of action passes through O
2

F -5i 2 j = +
3

F 2i =
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 3
O
O

R F F F 2i j -i 2 j 2i 7 j 3i 4 j

Where r OA A O 1,-2 0,0 1,-2 i 2 j

M r R i 2 j 3i 4 j -4 6 k 2k
And M Rd where M M 2

= + + = + + + + =
= = = = =
= = = + =
= = =
( ) ( )
2 2
And R R 3 -4 5
M 2
The length of the perpendicular from O to the line of action of the resultant R : d 0.4
R 5
= = + =
= = =
Example (7)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (8)

Answer


Static 3
rd
1

F 4i j = +
( )
O 0,0
1
r
( ) ( )
= + = + = =
1 2 3 4
The forces F 4i j , F -2i 3 j , F i 5 j and F 3i 7 j act at the origin
Point O , Prove that the line of resultant of these forces passes through A -3,4 , find also
the sum of the moment
( )
= s of these forces about C 2,-5 , then determine the length of the
perpendicular drawn from C to the line of action of the resultant of these two forces .
3

F i 5 j = 2
r
( )
A -3,4
( )
( ) ( )
A A 1
1
1 2
To prove that the line of resultant of these forces passes through A -3,4
We must prove that : M Zeroo And M r R

Where r AO O A 0,0 -3,4 3i 4 j
And R F F
= =
= = = =
= +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
3 4
A
C 2
F F

R 4i j -2i 3 j i 5 j 3i 7 j 6i 8 j

M 3i 4 j 6i 8 j -24 24 k 0
The line of action passes through A
And as the force act at C :
M r R CO R
Where
+ +
= + + + + + =
= = + =
= =
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
C
2 2
C C C
A

CO O C 0,0 2,-5 -2i 5 j

M r R -2i 5 j 6i 8 j 16 30 k -14k
M Rd where M M 14 And R R 6 8 10
M 14
d 1.4
R 10
= = = +
= = + = =
= = = = = + =
= = =
2

F -2i 3 j = +
4

F 3i 7 j =
( )
C 2,-5
Example (9)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
1

F 14i 4 j = +
( )
C x, y
( )
A 0,0
1
r
( )
( )
1 2
If F 14i 4 j , F Li 6 j are two forces and the sum of their moment about A 0,0

is equal to -40k and the sum of their moments about B 0,9 is equal to 176 k , find the
value of L and the length o
= + = +
=
f the perpendicular drawn from A to the line of action of the
resultant of these two forces .
2

F Li 6 j = +
2
r
( )
B 0,9
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
A B
1 2 A 1
A 1
1
1 2

M -40k And M 176 k
Let the two forces F and F act at point x , y M r R
M r R

Where r AC C A x , y 0,0 xi y j

And R F F 14i 4 j Li 6 j 14
= =
=
=
= = = = +
= + = + + + =
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
A 1
B 2
2
B 2

L i 10 j

M r R xi y j 14 L i 10 j

-40k 10 x 14y y L k 10 x 14y y L -40 1
M r R

Where r BC C B x , y 0,9 xi y 9 j

M r R xi y 9 j 14 L i 10 j
176
+ +
= = + + +
= =
=
= = = = +
= = + + +
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2
2 2
A A A
k 10 x 14y y L 126 9L k 10 x 14y y L 126 9L 176 2

By substituting 1 in 2 : -40 126 9L 176 9L 90 L 10
F 14i 4 j And F 10i 6 j
M Rd where M M 40 And R R 24 10 26

= + + + =
+ + = = =
= + = +
= = = = = + =
A
M 40 20
d
R 26 13
= = =
Example (10)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
1

F -2i 3 j =
( )
C 4,7
( )
A 1,1
1
r
( ) ( ) ( )
The force F -2i 3 j acts at A 1,1 , Let B 2,4 and C 4,7 , By using moments
Prove that the line of action of F is parallel to BC and find the distance between them .
= = = =
2
r
( )
B 2,4
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
B C
B 1
C 2
To prove that the line of action of F is parallel to BC
Then we must prove that M M

M r F BA F -i 3 j - 2i 3 j 3 6 k -3k

M r F CA F -3i 6 j - 2i
=
= = = = =
= = =
( ) ( )
B C

3 j 9 12 k -3k
So M M the line of action of F is parallel to BC
The distance between the line of action of F and the straight line BC
Is the distance between any poi
= =
=
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
B B
B
nt B or C to F
M F d where M -3k 3 And R R 2 3 13

M 3 3 13
d
F 13 13
= = = = = + =
= = =
1

F 4i 3 j = +
( )
C -5,6
( )
A -3,2
1
r
( ) ( ) ( )
The force F 4i 3 j acts at A -3,2 , Let B -1,-2 and C -5,6 , By using moments
Prove that the line of action of F Bisects BC .
= + = = =
2
r
( )
B -1,-2
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
=
= = = + + = =
= = = +
B C
B 1
C 2
To prove that the line of action of F Bisects BC
Then we must prove that M -M

M r F BA F -2i 4 j 4i 3 j -6 16 k -22k

M r F CA F 2i 4 j 4i 3
( ) ( )
= + =
=
B C

j 6 16 k 22k
So M - M the line of action of F Bisects BC
Example (11)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (12)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
1
F 3i 4 j = +
( )
O 0,0
( )
A 1,2
1
r
( ) ( )
= + = = =
1 2
Two forces F 3i 4 j acts at A 1,2 and F 5i j acts at B -1,3 , Then find
The resultant of the moment about the origin and the equation of the line of action of this
Resultant .
2
r
( )
B -1,3
( )
O 0,0
2
F 5i j =
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
O 1 1 1
O
O 2 2 2
O
The Moment about O 0,0 with A
M r F OA F

M i 2 j 3i 4 j 4 6 k -2k
The Moment about O 0,0 with B
M r F OB F

M -i 3 j 5i j 1 15 k -14k
Then the resul
= =
= + + = =
= =
= + = =
O
tant of the moment
: There is a big difference between :
" " and " "

M -2k 14k -16 k
To find the equation of the line of action about A
first :
= =
Note
The moment of the resultant The resultant of moment
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
3

R 3i 4 j 5i j 8i 3 j Then Tan The slope m And A 1,2
8
3 3 3
And y y m x x y 2 x 1 y x 2 8
8 8 8
Then the equation of action of R about A is : 8 y 3x 13
u = + + = + = = = =
= = = +
=
Example (13)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
( )
( )
To
O O
Vector Moment M Algebraic Moment " Magnitude" M
Rotation is Anti Clockwise
"from arrow of the force to point"
O
M F d =
Rotation is Clockwise
"from arrow of the force to point"
O
M -F d =
O
d
F
O
d
F
O
F
O
O passes through the
line of action of F
No rotation
M Zero
try to rotate a door
from its hinge
=
A 1
d
2
d
B
O
ve +
-ve
2
1
From the opposite figure :
Moment of F about B F d
Moment of F about A F d
Moment of F about O Zero
=
=
=

2
nd
: Algebraic Moment of Coplanar forces
I n this section , we will change :

In order to do that , we must add the sign of the moment of any force with respect to any point
if :

Conclusion


Static 3
rd
o
n 2
180
n
| |
|
\ .
x
z
A
C B
y
o
30
o
30
o
30
o
30
o
30
o
30
M
2
1
( ) ( ) ( )
o
Properties
m A m B m C 60
AB BC AC
CX AB AX XB
AY BC BY YC
BZ AC AZ ZC
M is the point of intersection of medians
CM BM AM 2
CM BM AM and MX MZ MY
MX MZ MY 1
To get the sides or angles of t
< = < = < =
= =
=
=
=
= = = = = = =
he triangle :
Sin law Cos law
a b c

Sin A SinB SinC
= =
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
a b c 2bcCos A
b a c 2acCos B
c a b 2abCosC
= +
= +
= +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
o
o
Properties
m A m B m C m D 90
AB BC CD AD
BD AC "Diagonals"
MA MB MC MD
m MAB m MAD 45
1
MX MJ MK ML AB
2
AC 2 AB
< = < = < = < =
= = =
=
= = =
< = < =
= = = =
=
Equilateral traingle

Properties of Some Geometrical Shapes

Rule : The angle of any regular polygon is :

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Square

D
o
45
o
45
C
B
X
K
L
A
J
M


Static 3
rd
Rectangle
Parallelogram
Rhombus
Regular hexagon
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
o
2 2 2
Properties
m A m B m C m D 90
AB CD And BC AD
AC AB BC And AC BD
MA MB MC MD
1 1
ML MJ AB and MK MX AD
2 2
1
MX MJ MK ML AB
2
AB BC
DZ BO
AC
< = < = < = < =
= =
= + =
= = =
= = = =
= = = =
= =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Properties
Diagonals bisects each other And Not equal
m A m C And m B m D
AB CD And BC AD MA MC And MB MD
< = < < = <
= = = =
Properties
Sides are equal
Diadonals bisect each other
Diagonals are perpendicular " AC BD "
MB MA
MX MY MZ MT
AB
= = = =
( )
o o o
Properties
n 2 4
Each angle 180 180 120
2 6
= = =

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C
B
X
K
J
M
D
L
A
A
C
B
D
Z
O
A
C
B
D
M
B
A
C
D
x
y
z
o
o
30
o
30
o
30
o
30
o
120
o
120
o
30
o
60
o
60
2L
L 3
L
L
L
L
L
L
o
30
B
A
F
E
D
C
L 3


Static 3
rd
Examples
Calculate the moment about P of each of these forces :

(1)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(4)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(5)

2m
P
3N
2m
P
6.5 N
8 N
P
2.5 cm
4 N
P
5 cm
o
30
x
5m
o
40
o
50
x
o
140
3.5 N
P
M F d -3 2 -6 Newton meter = = =
P
M F d 2 6.5 13 Newton meter = = =
P
M F d -8 0 0 Newton meter = = =
P
M F d 2.5 4 10 Newton meter = = =
We must draw a line perpendicular from P to
the line of action of the force
So draw PX
P
M F d -3.6 3.214 -11.57 Newton meter = = =
o o
We must draw a line perpendicular from P to the line of action
of the force
d
So draw PX Sin 40 d 5 Sin 40 3.214 m
5
= = =


Static 3
rd
ABCD is a square of side length 2 m , The forces of magnitude 8 , 12 , 16 , 10 , 6 2 , 4 2 Newton
Act along AB , BC , DC , AD , CA and BD respectively , Find the sum of their moment
( )
( )
( )
about :
i The vertex A
ii About the Mid - point of BC
iii The intersection point of the two diagonals .
Example (1)

Answer

A
o
45
o
45
D
C
2 m
B
16
6 2
4 2
2 m
8
12
10
2 m
2 m
A
o
45
o
45
D
C
B
16
6 2
4 2
8
12
10
2 m
A
o
45
o
45
D
C
B
16
6 2 4 2
8
12
10
O
2 m
o
45
o
45
y
( )
A
A
i
M -10 0 16 2 12 2 8 0 6 2 0 4 2 2
M -32 24 8 Zero
= + + +
= + + =
( )
O
O
iii
M -10 1 16 1 12 1 8 1
M -10 16 12 8 -6 Newton meter
= + +
= + + =
1 m
F
1 1 1
YF
2 2
= =
( )
y
y
ii To get Y F : 1: 1 : 2
: y f : 1 m
1 1
M -16 1 12 0 8 1 10 2 6 2 4 2
2 2
M -16 8 20 6 4 -26 Newton meter
= + + +
= + + =


Static 3
rd
ABCD is a rectangle in which AB 12 cm , BC 16 cm , The forces of magnitude F , 2F , 3F
And 4F kg.wt. act along AB , CB , CD and AD respectively , Find N BC such that the sum of
The mo
= =
e
ment about N vanishes .
A lamina in the form of a circle whose diameter AC is of length 10 cm , AB and AD are two
Chords in the lamina whose lengths are 6 and 8 cm respectively and in two different sides of AC
The two forc
( ) ( ) ( )
es 5 and 9 Newton act along AB and AD , what is the direction of rotation of the
lamina about an axis perpendicular to the lamina and passes through :
i The center M ii The point C .
Example (2)

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (3)

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C B
N
M
3F
D A
F
x
16 x
2F
4F
12 cm
B
A C
D
E
M
F 9
5
5 5
6
8
( )
N
N
N
Sum of M 0 "Vanishes"
Everyline from N must be to each force
M -4 F 12 3F 16 x F x
M 0 -48 F 48 F 3F x F x 0
-2F x 0 x 0
The distance between B and N is Zero
So N lies on
=
= + +
= + + =
= =
B
( )
o
M
C
In ABC : m B 90 " Semi - circle"
Draw ME AB , MF AD
1
ME // BC ME BC 4 cm
2
1
Also MF CD 3 cm
2
M -5 4 9 3 7 Newton . cm
M -5 8 9 6 14 Newton . cm
The lamina rotates about M in
A < =

= =
= =
= + =
= + =
the direction ADCB
And rotates about C in direction ADCB also


Static 3
rd
x
z
A
C B
y
o
30
o
30
M
2
1
x
A
C B
4 3
y
8
2 3
4 3
E
D
8
10
4
z o
ABC is an equilateral triangle , The length of whose side is 18 cm , Forces of magnitude 8 , 6 , 13
Newton act along AB , BC , AC , Find the algebraic sum of the moments of these forces abo
( ) ( )
ut :
i The vertex A ii The point of intersection of the three medians
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2
A
i AX 18 9 9 3
M 6 9 3 54 3 N.cm
ii AX 9 3
M is a point of intersection of medians "Concurrent"
XM 1 1 1
XM XA XM 9 3 3 3
XA 3 3 3
XM YM ZM 3 3
= =
= =
=
= = = =
= = =
M
M -13 3 3 6 3 3 8 3 3 3 3 Newton . cm = + + =
ABC is an equilateral triangle , The length of whose side is 16 cm , D is the mid - point of AB ,
Forces of magnitude 2 3 , 4 3 , 10 Newton act along AB , CB , CD , Find the algebraic sum
of the moments of these forces about the mid - point of AC
E
1
DE BC 8 cm Draw EX AD
2
EX is a median where XD 4 cm
EX 4 3 cm
And EY // XD EY XD
EY 4 cm And EZ 4 3 cm
M -4 3 4 3 10 4 2 3 4 3 -64 Newton . cm
= =
=
=
=
= =
= + =
Example (4)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (5)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8
13
6
18 cm


Static 3
rd
( )
ABCD is a rectangle in which AB 5 cm and BC 12 cm , The forces of magnitude 8 , 15 , 17
10 , 26 Newton act along BA , BC , CD , DA and CA respectively , Find :
i A point H AB such that
= =
e
( )
the algebraic sum of the moments about H equal 317 Newton.cm in
ABCD direction .
ii O BC such that the algebraic sum of the moments about O equal 116 Newton.cm in DCBA
direction .
e
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
u
u
= + =
A =
=
=
= + + +
= + + +
= = = =
2 2
H
i AC 5 12 13 cm
HM
In AHM : Sin
AH
HM AH Sin
12
HM 5 x
13
12
M 10 5 x 17 12 15 x 26 5 x
13
317 50 10x 204 15x 2 5 x 12
19 x 57 x 3 cm AH 5 3 2 cm in the direction A
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
|
|
A =
= =
= + +
=
= =
= = e e =
O
BCD
EO
ii In EOC : Sin
OC
5
EO OC Sin EO 12 x
13
5
M 10 5 17 12 x 26 12 x 8x
13
-116 254 17x 2 12 x 2 8x
35 x 490 x 14 cm
CO 12 14 - 2 cm O BC , O BC Where CO 2 cm
Example (6)

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C B
26
M
17
D A
8
12 cm
15
19
5 x
H
C B
26
17
D A
8
x 12 x
15
19
E
x
u
u
5
5
O
|
|


Static 3
rd
ABCD is a square with side length 10 cm , The forces of magnitude 6 , 8 , 9 and F Newton act
along AB , CB , CD and AC respectively , Find F if the sum of the algebraic moments of these
forces about B and C are equal in magnitude and differ in signs .
B C
B
C
B C
1
M -M And AC 10 2 cm And BE AC 5 2 cm
2
M 9 10 F 5 2
And M 6 10 60 N.cm
And M -M 90 5F 2 -60
150
5F 2 150 F 15 2 Newton
5 2
= = = =
=
= =
= =
= = =
= = =
e
e
ABC is a right angled triangle at B were AB 20 cm , AC 25 cm , D AC where AD 4cm , let
DH AC where H AB , The forces of magnitude 4 , 6 , 7 and 10 Newton act along AB , BC
AC and DH respectively , Find the sum of the algebraic moments of these forces about A , B and C
( ) ( )
2 2
A
B
C
BC 25 20 15 cm
DH 15
In AHD : Tan DH 4 3 cm
AD 20
AH 5 cm And HB 15 cm
OB 4
In HOB : Sin OB 15 12 cm
HB 5
15 20
In ABC : BX 12 cm
25
M -10 4 6 20 8 N.cm
M -7 12 10 12 36 N.cm
M 4 15 10
u
|
= =
A = = =
= =
A = = =
A = =
= + =
= + =
= + 21 8 270 N.cm = =
Example (7)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (8)

Answer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C
B
D A
8
F
6
9
E
10 cm
o
45
|
|
u
3
4 cm
15 cm
21 cm
5 cm
15 cm
B
A
C
O
h
x
D
12 cm
10
4
7
6


Static 3
rd
ABCDHO is a regular hexagon whose side length is 10 cm , the forces of magnitude 3 , 7 , 4 and 2
Newton act along AB , CB , CD and HD respectively , Find the algebraic sum of moments of these
forces about O .
O
O
In AHD : AD 2HD 20 cm
AH 10 3 cm
1
OX AH 5 3 cm
2
OB OD 10 3 cm
OY 5 3 cm
M 3 5 3 7 10 3 4 10 3 2 5 3
M -25 3 N.cm
A = =
=
= =
= =
=
= +
=
ABCDHO is a regular hexagon whose side length is 20 cm , the forces of magnitude 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5
And 6 Newton act along AB , BC , CD , DH , HO and OA respectively , Find the alg
( )
ebraic sum
of moments of these forces about A and M The center of the hexagon .
A
A
HB 2HO 40 cm
OB 20 3 cm
1
AY AX OB 10 3 cm
2
AH AC 20 3 cm
M 2 10 3 3 20 3 4 20 3 5 10 3
M 210 3 N.cm
= =
=
= = =
= =
= + + +
=
Example (9)

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (10)

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

20 cm
o
60
o
30
B
A
D
C
H
O
10
10 3
10 cm
5 3
5 3
10
x
y
2
4
7
3
10 3
o
60
o
30
B
A
D
C
H
O
20
10 3
20
10
x
y
4
3
2
1
10 cm
10 cm
10 3
20
40 cm
20 3
6
5
M


Static 3
rd
( )
o
ABCD is a parallelogram in which m ABC 60 and AC BC , AC 12 cm , the forces
of magnitude 14 , 18 , 9 , 6 and 2 3 Newton act along AB , CB , CD , DA and AC respectively .
Find the al
< = =
gebraic sum of moments of these forces about each of A , B , C , D .
A
B
C
D
In ACD : Let AD x AC 3 AD 12 cm
12
AD 4 3 cm DC 2AD 8 3 cm
3
M 18 12 9 6 162 N.cm
M 2 3 4 3 9 6 6 12 -102 N.cm
M -14 6 6 12 -156 N.cm
M -14 6 18 12 2 3 4 3 108 N.cm
A = = =
= = = =
= =
= =
= =
= + =
( )
o
ABCD is a trapezuim in which AD // BC , m A 90 , AD AD 10 cm , BC 20 cm , the
forces of magnitude k , 5 , F , 5 and 10 2 Newton act along BA , CB , DC , DA and BD
Respectively , If th
< = = = =
e sum of the forces moment about A vanishes and if the sum of the forces
moment about B equals that about D , find the values of F and K .
( )
A
A
B D B
B
M 0
In ABD : BD 10 2 cm
1
AH BD 5 2 cm
2
AE HD 5 2 cm "Square"
M 5 10 F 5 2 10 2 5 2
50 5F 2 100 0 5 2F 50
50
F 5 2 Newton
5 2
And M M 1 Where M F 10 2 5 10
M 5 2 10 2 5 10 50 N.cm And
=
A =
= =
= =
= +
+ = =
= =
= =
= =
( )
D
M 5 10 K 10
Then from 1 : 50 10K 50 10K 0 K 0
= +
+ = = =
Example (11)

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (12)

Answer

C
H
D
A
9
18
B
o
60
E
14
y
x
6 2 3
12
o
60
F
o
30
4 3
C
B
D
A
k
F
5
10 2
20 cm
10 2
H
E
5 2
o
45
5 2
o
45
o
45
10 cm
10


Static 3
rd
ABC is a right angled triangle at B and AB 10 cm , AC 26 cm , A force F acts in the plane of
The triangle and the moment of F about A is equal to its moment about B is equal to 30 Newton.cm
If th
= =
e moment of F about C is equal to -30 Newton.cm , Then find F and its direction .
( ) ( )
A B
C A
2 2
M M 30 N.cm
The line of action of F is parallel to AB
And M -M
The line of action of F Bisects AC
In ABC : BC 26 10 24 cm
D is the mid point of AC , DE// AB
E is the mid point of
= =
A = =

B
BC
And Moment about B is ve Then F must be ve
30
M F 12 30 12F F 2.5 Newton
12
+ +
= = = =
ABCD is a rectangle where AB 12 cm , BC 16 cm , A force F acts in the plane of the rectangle
and the moment of F about B is equal to its moment about D is equal to -240 Newton.cm . If the
momen
= =
t of F about A is equal to 240 Newton.cm , Then find F and its direction .
( ) ( )
B D
B A
B
2 2
M M -240 N.cm
The line of action of F is parallel to BD
And M -M
The line of action of F Bisects AB
Moment about B is ve
Then F must be ve M - F BH
In AEO : EO 8 6 10 cm
In
= =

=
A = + =
A
B
HB 8
EHB : Sin HB Sin EB 6 4.8 cm
EB 10
240
M - F 4.8 -240 -4.8 F F 50 Newton
4.8
u u = = = =
= = = =
Example (13)

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (14)

Answer

13 cm
12 cm
13 cm
10 cm
B
A
C
D
F
24 cm
12 cm
C
B
H
O D A
10
u
4F
6 cm
u
6 cm
8 cm


Static 3
rd
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
D M
D
M
o o
M M 1
Where M 6 4 3 5 4 3 6 4 3 -20 3 N.cm
And M 13 2 3 5 2 3 6 2 3 F 2 3
So from 1 : -20 3 4 3 2 3 F 2 3F 24 3
F 12 Newton
To find the resultant at A :
x 6 12Cos60 6Cos60 9 ve

=
= =
=
= =
=
= + = +
|
( )
( )
( )
o o
2
2
1 o
y 12 Sin60 6 Sin60 9 3 ve
R 9 9 3 18 Newton
y 9 3
Tan 3 Tan 3 60
x 9
R has a direction along AD
u u

= + = +
= + =
= = = = =
( )
o
ABCD is a rhombus with side length 8 cm and m B 60 , the forces of magnitude 6 , 5 , 13 , F
and 6 Newton act along BA , CB , CD , AD and AC respectively , If the sum of the algebra
< =
ic
mesures of moments of these forces about D equals the sum of the algebraic measures of moments
of these forces about the point of intersection of the rhombus diagonals , Find the magnitude of F .
Also find the magnitude and the direction of the resultant of the forces which are acting at A only .
Very important Note : There is a difference between when we find the resultant at a point and
When we find the moment of the resultant at a point
Example (15) Important

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

B
A C
D
30 30
30 30
o
60
o
60
o
60
o
60
30
30
4 3 4 3
30
30
o
60
o
60 4 4
2 3
2 3
4
8
4 3
4
8 cm
2
6
F
13
6
5
M
2
6
o
12 Sin60
o
6 Sin60
F 12 =
6
o
12 Cos 60
o
6 Cos 60
o
60
o
60
6


Static 3
rd
( )
o
1 2
ABCD is a trapezuim in which AD // BC , m B 90 , AB 12 cm , BC 8 cm , AD 9 cm .
Forces of magnitude F , 60 , F and 30 gm.wt act along AB , BC , CD and DA respectively ,
find the values
< = = = =
1 2 A C
of F ,F given that M M 0 . = =
( ) ( )
2 2
A 2
2 2 2
C 1 1 1
Draw AH DC and Draw DX to join BC at x
In XCD: DC 12 1 145 cm
AH 12
In AHD : Sin AH 9
AD 145
12
M F 9 60 12 0
145
108 -720 145
F -720 F F -80 N
108 145
M 30 12 F 8 8 F 360 0 F
u
A = + =
A = =
= + =
= = =
= + + =
-360
-45 N
8
= =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
C C
2 2
2 2
B
M 72 N.cm where M F 8 4 6
8F 24 72 F 6 Newton
For Moment about B
In ABC : CH 6 3 3 5 cm
6 3 6
BX cm
3 5 5
Also AC 8 6 10 cm
6 8
BO 4.8 cm
10
6
M -K 6 5 4.8 4 5 F 8
5
-6 K 24 24 8
= = +
+ = =
A = + =
= =
= + =
= =
= + +
+ + ( ) F 0 -6 K 8 6 0 K 8 Newton = + = =
ABCD is a rectangle in which AB 8 cm and BC 6 cm , H AB such that BH 3 cm , forces
Of magnitude F , 4 , 9 , K , 5 and 4 5 Newton act along DA , AB , BC , DC , CA and HC
Respectivel
= = e =
y , Find : F and K given that the algebraic measure of the moments of these forces
About C 72 N.cm in the direction ABC and vanishes about B . =
Example (16)

Answer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (17)

Answer

C
B
x
O
D
A
9
5 cm
6 cm
D
A
B
C
x
H
u
u
8 cm
1 cm
12 cm
2
F
30
60
1
F
12 cm
9 cm
H
3 cm
5
4
k
F
4 5

Vectors and Moments

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Vectors and Moments

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Facebook page : https://www.facebook.

A B A B Sin k where : u = Rule

it vector k is determined according to the right hand rule which

Proof: a a a a Sin 0 k Zero

Where k is the unit vector

If A 3i 4 j , B 4i 5 j , Then find the vector C where C // A , C B 62k = = + =

Algebraic measure of its moment about B -1,2 equals -8k .

k 10 x 14y y L 126 9L k 10 x 14y y L 126 9L 176 2

M F d where M -3k 3 And R R 2 3 13

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen