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Tx of schistomiasis
Tx of benzodiazepam od arachidonic acid metabolism Cause of cough in pt on an ACE inhibitor use of epinephrine in shock

praziquantel

flumazenil
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bradykinin
1:1000 subq
tx of malignant hyperthermia after halothane

dantrolene
tx of acetaminophen OD

acetrycysteine to replace used up GSH (neutralized acetaminophen free radicals formed in the liver cytochrome system)

Mech of loop diuretic

- blocks Na-K-2Cl cot ransport pump in t he t hick ascending limb in t he renal medulla. - also block Ca reabsorpt ion

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Cyanide poisoning tx

amyl nitrite and thiosulfate

- Candida - may be a complication of a corticosteroid inhaler.

Thrush
What test must you perform prior to giving this drug & what do you do after the results are back?

- Pregnancy test in females - put them on BCP

-blocks iodination of the tyrosine residues of thryoglobulin; also blocks coupling of DIT & MIT. - only drug that can be used in preggos but may produce a goiter and nail defects in the newborn.

What is the MoA for propyithiouracil? Function of the P450 enzymes?

make drugs water soluble

behaves like a s teroid in that it binds to receptors in the nucleus w/s ubs equent trans cription of genes - proteins produced by this action are important for growth, differentiation, reproduction and embryonic development.

MoA of retinoic acid

Allopurinol action in purine synthesis
MC antibx used to prevent endocarditis in pts with valvular disease

blocks xanthine oxidase (hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid)

Amoxicillin is DOC -all valvular diseases except asymptomatic MVP and all congeintal heart disease except asymptomatic ASD.

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Yellow coloration of the skin that can be mistaken for jaundice can be what drug?

quinacrine
chlorpromazine and arsenic
barbiturates, sulfonamides, phenytoin, NSAIDs

What drug produces a bluegray color to the skin?

Which drugs can cause a diffuse erythema followed by separation of the skin (scalded skin syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis)?

Hair loss in a woman can be caused by?

5 MC that causes erythematous, hyperpigmented plaque-like lesion that recurs @ the same site every time?

oral contraceptives (predictable SE; estrogen causes hair to be @ same stage of development; may also occur af ter delivery)

- fixed drug eruption - phenolphthalein, NSAIDs, tetracycline, Bactrim and barbiturates.

group of drugs has the highest association w/urticarial and maculopapular lesions:

amoxicillan, TMP/SMX, ampicillan/penicillan (ras hes are MOST COMMON advers e rxn to drugs , w/maculopapular ras hes leading the lis t; mos t drug rxns involving s kin are NOT type I hypers ens itivity his tamine- related)

Elderly woman on thiazides is most @ risk for developing?

gout
neuroleptics

tardive dyskinesia, malignant syndrome (sweating, hyperpyrexia, autonomic instability):

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antipsychotic drug requiring visual examination:

thioridazine (also produces heart defects)

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ___ drug? drug contradicted w/MAO inhibitors?

lithium for bipolar DO

epinephrine
non-selective alpha-blocker that lower BP during surgery for a pheochromocytoma

use of phentoiamine:
MoA of AZT (Zidovudine)

inhibits reverse transcriptase

Tx of Pb poisoning:
drugs involved in folate metabolism:
What stabaliz es mast cell membrane preventing release of preformed mediators and release of prostaglandins/leukotrienes after the release reaction?

BAL & ADTA

phenytoin blocks intestinal conjugase (polyglutamate to monoflutamate, BCP blcoks uptake of monoglutamate, methotrexate/TMPSMX block dihydrofolate reductase)

Cromolyn Sodium

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MoA of Methotrexate?
function of Glucuronyl transferase in the liver?
Cyclooxygenase: how is this affected by aspirin and NSAIDs?

blocks dihydrofolate reductase and the conversion of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate

render compounds water soluble

aspirin inhibits irreversible, NSAIDs reversible
- synthesized in the platelet - vasoconstrictor nad increase platelet aggregation

Thromboxane A2: -synthesized? - function?

Effect of proton blockers:

blcok H-K-ATPase proton pump in parietal cell; not areceptor mediated event.

effect of H2 blockers:
effect of acetylcholine:

blocks H2 receptors, which normally activates adenylate cyclase producing cAMP which stimulates protein kinase

activates colinergic receptor causing the release of Ca, which stimulates protein kinase

effect of misoprostol:

blocks the prostaglandin receptor, which normally inhibits adenylate cyclase and cAMP production

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7 fold membrane spanning protein drug is???

propanolol (beta blocker)

Phase 3 clinical trials are?

double blind
substitute for aspirin in preventing strokes, CAD if the pt is allergic to aspirin to aspirin

Ticlopidine: use
drug induced SLE:
overdose of succinylcholine: Finasteride: action and effect Flutamide, cyproterone, spironolactone:

procainamide & hydralazine use of acetylcholine blockers

blocks 5- alpha reductas e - which converts tes tos terone into dihydrotes tos terone, hence tes tos terone would increas e proximal to the blcok and dihyrotes tos terone would decreas e.

block androgen receptor, hence testosterone/dihydrotestosterone increase but have no physiologic effect

Ketoconazole:

inhibits testosterone synthesis (supresses adrenal steroid synthesis)

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Leuprolide:
ACE inhibitors:
Arsenic poisoning:
chloroquine in tx of malaria (which stage)? & why does malaria reoccur?

GnRH analogue, which when given in sust ained f ashion, inhibit s FSH & LH, hence lowering t est ost erone and est rogen levels.

increase in renin and ATI, but a decrease in ATII and aldosterone

dimercaprol
-exoerythrocytic/hepatic stage - drug kills active disease but but does not eradicate hepatic stage

Primaquine in tx of malaria

not good in the active stage but does kill the hepatic stage of P. Vivax and ovale

Dantrolene:
Methanol: - effects - Tx of OD

-reduces the release of Ca from the sarcopplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle - antispasmodic drug - also used in treating malignant hypertension

- increas ed anion gap metabolic acidos is due to convers ion of methanol into formic acid; optic nerve degeneration and blindes s - treat with alcohol infus ion to block metabolis m of methanol by alcohol dehydrogenas e

Botulism toxin:

blocks the release of acetylcholine

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Ribavirin
Asthma: DOC mild to moderate Acetylcholine breakdown:

used in severe RSV infections in children

albuterol (Beta2 - selective agonist; bronchodilator)

occurs in the synapse into choline and acetate by acetylcholinesterase in the clef t; products are recycled and not excreted

Amphotericin:
Ketoconazole:
Opioid toxicity tx:

disrupts cell membrane permeability; binds to ergosterol in the membrane

inhibits the metabolism of nonsedating antihistamines like Seldane leading to cardiac arrhythmia

naloxone (opiod receptor antagonist) no tolerance to miosis and constipation

metabolized into morphine in small amounts owing to significant first pass metabolism of morphine in the liver.

Opioids: Codeine:

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Delirium tremens: tx?

used benzodiazepines
inhibits HMG CoA reductase

Lovastatin: inhibits?
Patenent ductus arteriousus: how do you keep it open?

keep open with PGE