Politecnico di Milano Lecco Campus

GREENKNOT:ZeroNET Scholastic Building LongBeach,California Teaching andApplication of InnovativeTechnologiesandPassiveStrategies

Federico Borsetto Matteo Lugli

Thesis Director: Prof. Ing. Marco Imperadori Co - director: Ing. Marco Cagelli

California

LosAngelesCounty

LongBeach

Sustainable building Landmark ZeroNet Social space

Area overlook

Long Beach Boulevard

Weather data Average temperatures, Long Beach

40 35 30 25

T [C]

20 15 10 5 0

Tm Tm min Tm max

Gen Feb Mar Apr Mag Giu Lug Ago Set Ott Nov Dic

Degree days

657Cooling

673Heating

Relative humidity daily data

100 90 80

U.R. [%]

70 60 50 40 30

Luglio Agosto Settembre

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

U.R. media 60%

Annual weather data comparison Long Beach

Milano

Messina

Architectural Design

Concept

EastWestOrientation Largegreenarea Partiallyundergroundvolumes LoweredPiazza Mainwindsdirectionsorientatedentrances

Level 1

Level 3

South elevation

West Elevation / North Elevation

Structure

Main structure

Main structure

Steel structure

Steel structure Cantilever classroom

Steel structure - Bracings

Linear static Analysis

Deformed structure

Most stressed Column

1879 kN
Most stressed Bracing

1220 kN

Modal Analysis- First mode

Mode Period

0,83 s

Mode Frequency

1,2 Hz

Modal Analysis Second mode

Mode Period

0,33 s

Mode Frequency

2,9 Hz

Modal Analysis Internal Stresses

Most stressed Column

Most stressed Bracing

80% 100%
Of Linear static Analysis Results

1722 kN

986 kN

Sustainability

Summer Scheme Design

Logical scheme Energetic dynamic simulation

Shadings Type 62 Excel If Tint > Tcomfort

Weather Data

A/C ON/OFF

Building

Lighting Ventilation Heating/ Cooling Period

Outputs

TRNSYS

Annual Output

Weekly Output

Model Corrections Classroom Zone

Required Loads [kWh/m2]

20,4
1 Mod.

11,5
1 Mod.

Heating

Cooling

Model Corrections Classroom Zone

Required Loads [kWh/m2]

SouthfacingwindowsAreaIncrease

2kWh/m a
2

20,4
1 Mod.

18,4
2 Mod.

11,5
1 Mod. 2 Mod.

Heating

Cooling

Model Corrections Classroom Zone

Required Loads [kWh/m2]

Nonocturnalventilation

4kWh/m a
2

20,4
1 Mod.

14,4
2 Mod.

11,5
1 Mod. 2 Mod.

Heating

Cooling

Model Corrections Classroom Zone

Required Loads [kWh/m2]

Insulationleveldecrease5cm

+0,7kWh/m a
2

20,4
1 Mod.

15,1
2 Mod.

11,5
1 Mod. 2 Mod.

Heating

Cooling

Model Corrections Classroom Zone

Required Loads [kWh/m2]

InternalShadowings

2,4kWh/m a
2

20,4
1 Mod.

15,1
2 Mod.

11,5
1 Mod.

9,1
2 Mod.

Heating

Cooling

Model Corrections Offices Zone

Required Loads [kWh/m2]

2,9
1 Mod.

0,1
2 Mod.

11,5 11,7
1 Mod.

11,5 6,0
2 Mod.

Riscaldamento

Raffrescamento

Classrooms

Natural lighting
Daylight Factor
FLDm = 5,6%

Lighting Levels
21 dec Cloudy sky

Building Envelope Performance Control

Natural ventilation - Typical classroom

1 0,9 0,8

Minimum Area [m2]

0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Inclinazione a 10

Inclinazione a 70

Double Facing Rooms Air flow

Natural ventilation - Typical classroom

4 3,5

Vair Inlet [m/s]

3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0

Inclinazione a 70

Double Facing Rooms Air flow

Inclinazione a 10

Air velocity Analysis

Maximum air speed

0,8 m/s
Air Speed [m/s]

Comfort Limit

28,5C

2,5

Temperature C

Adaptive comfort

Field experiments Main parameter: Text Posture, CLO, MET changes accordingly Free Running Buildings Greater toleration , Minor expectations

Adaptive comfort

140h/year Above ComfortLevel

Annual Required Loads Classrooms Zone

Heating Standard Model Adaptive Model 15,1 kWh/m2

Cooling 9,1 kWh/m2 2,84 kWh/m2

Dehumidification 3,40 kWh/m2 0,04 kWh/m2

Conclusions

Mechanical services Scheme

Cooling Backup 20 kW Vacuum Solar Tubes 30 kW Hot water Reservoir Dissipator Classrooms Radiant Floor

Absorption Cycle Offices Labs Heating Backup 20 kW

Air Conditioning

Annual Energetic Balance

90 m2 Vacuum Solar Tubes

34000 kWh
Appliances

15000 kWh

6000 kWh

Electric Heat Pump

5000 kWh
15600 kWh sensible 4000 kWh latent 150 m2 PV Panels Mechanical Services 4000 kWh COP=3 EER=3

39000 kWh
Annual Production

38000 kWh
Total Consumption

Theoretical LEED Certification for Schools

Sustainable Sites 14/16

WaterEfficiency

4/6

Energy&Atmosphere15/17

Materials &Resources

9/13

IndoorEnvironmental Quality

14/19

Total 58/77 Platinum

Innovation &DesignProcess

2/6