Brkagg-2017 c1 Rev1

Design and Deployment of Outdoor Wireless Networks
BRKAGG-2017
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2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Public
Your Sessions Presenters

From Cisco Systems George Manuelian
Senior Manager WW SP Mobile Practice
Navdeep Johar
Technical Marketing Engineer
Wireless Networking Business Unit (WNBU)
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Before this Session Starts...

Please turn off your phone
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Agenda
Role of Broadband Wireless
WiFi Mesh WiMAX Service Exchange Framework
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Associated Sessions and Recommended Readings

Associated Sessions
TECAGG-2002U Advanced Enterprise WLAN Deployment
Prerequisites
BRKAGG-2010 Design and Deployment of Enterprise WLANs
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Role of Broadband Wireless
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Ciscos Vision for Service Providers

Linking People, Businesses, Cultures, and Countries Through Networks and Services to Deliver the Connected Life
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Wireless Coverage EVDO, HSPA, WIMAX,Wi-Fi

WIMAX/ LTE
Wi-Fi Mesh/Pico
Wi-Fi/ Femto Home
AP
High Density
Outdoor
Indoor
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WiFi-Mesh or WiMAX?
Positioning WiFi-Mesh and WiMAX
WiMAX and WiFi Mesh are broadband wireless solutions serving distinct market segments and are used as complimentary technologies
WiMAX
Spectrum Basestation Coverage Characterization Markets Licensed 1.5 to 3 kilometers WAN / MAN Digital inclusion Wireless broadband for business and consumer services 3G spectrum offload Unlicensed 100-300 meters LAN / MAN Municipal WiFi deployments Enterprise, university, and government campuses
WiFi Mesh
Interested Parties
Greenfield operators Incumbent operators for quad-play service delivery Mobile operators whove not invested in 3G spectrum
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Municipalities for safety, efficiency, and competitive services Large enterprises, campuses Challenger service providers
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IP Next Generation Networks

IP Forms the Foundation for True Mobility
Subscriber Radio Networks Mobile Service Exchange
Packet Gateways IP Anchor Point IP Service Control
Multiservice IP/MPLS Core
Internal Services and Operations
External Services
UMTS / HSPA
News Portals Location Services
VoD
Corporate VPNs
CDMA
Broadcast
Internet
GGSN
Content Services Gateway
VoIP Music Roaming Exchanges
WiMAX PDSN Mobile IP Home Agent ASN-GW
Service Control
Wireless Mesh
Session Border Controller

ITP
Billing
AAA
Applicatio n Partners IP Media Partners
WiFi
DNS
Policies
Wireless LAN Controller
IP Transfer Point
Logging Subscriber Profiles
Signaling Networks
Persistent Roaming Across Wireless Access Networks

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Subscriber-Differentiated IP Service Delivery

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Wireless Connectivity
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Connecting with Different Wireless Options

Repeater (lan-to-lan)
B
f1 f1
Multi-Band Distribution and Access
A C
Relay (lan-to-lan)
5.x GHz
5.x GHz
E
f1 f2
D F
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2.4 GHz
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Advanced Wireless Bridging/Mesh Architectures
Switch
RAP RAP
MAP Controller MAP
Controller
MAP
Backhaul MAP 5 GHz
Access 2.4 GHz

MAP
RAP: Root Access Point

MAP: Mesh Access Point

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Going Further with Wireless Mesh Access
Internet
OR WiMAX
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Mesh Overview
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Ciscos Intelligent Wireless Mesh Solution

Engineered for ease of deployment and management
Identical indoor/outdoor management Based on CAPWAP
Self-configuring, self-healing Mesh

Zero-touch configuration
Ciscos Adaptive Wireless Path (AWPP) Protocol for fault-tolerant Mesh deployments (base of future 802.11s)
Robust embedded security

EAP Fast encrypted Backhaul links Embedded 802.11i
Controller
Provides seamless L3 mobility

Fast, secure intra and inter subnet roaming, maintaining 802.1x security
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Wireless Mesh Solution Components

MAP
RAP
Mesh Access Point

802.11b/g client access Connects to Root AP via 802.11a AC/DC power; PoE capable Ethernet port for connecting peripheral devices (POE) Battery backup
Root Access Point

Serves as Root AP to the wired network Typically located on roof-tops or towers Connects up to 35 Mesh APs using 802.11a Access QoS and encryption
Wireless LAN Controller

7600 Module links Wireless Mesh APs to wired network Handles RF algorithms and optimization Seamless WiFi mobility Provides security/ mobility mgt
Wireless Control System (WCS)

Wireless Mesh Management System enables network-wide policy configuration and device management\ SNMPv3, Syslog, IPSec, AAA, etc
Back Office Systems

Bandwidth Monitoring and Management Policy Definitions Subscriber Database Management Billing and OSS Systems
Industry Proven Devices at Every Layer

Reliable Hardware
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Mesh Easily Scales as the Network Grows

Increase AP density
Add additional RAPs

Mesh APs will join new RAPs with better path metrics
VLANs
Police
City Public Traffic
32 MAPs per RAP
Easily add Controllers

Up to 72 Controllers can be part of an N+1 cluster
Up to 3 Mobility Groups (24 Controllers in each Mobility Group) Architecture is ready for additional radios when extra capacity is required Mesh radio links can be viewed and managed graphically using WCS WCS Navigator manages up to 20 WCSs & 20,000 APs
72 WLCs per domain
16 MBSSIDs
8 Hops Deep (34 Recommended)
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Indoor and Outdoor Deployment with Single Controller Seamless Roaming

iMesh AP1131 AG & AP1242
Managing Indoor and Outdoor Mesh Wireless Network
Controllers: All controller types Grgich Hill (5.2) and later

Single Controller Cisco WCS
Across indoors and outdoors All controller platforms supported
RAP/MAP: 1522 & 1524

RAP RAP1
MAP1
iMesh
MAP
Network Connectivity
MAP3
MAP2
Indoor AP: Mesh & Non Mesh APs Indoor Wireless Network (Mesh & Non Mesh)
Outdoor Wireless Mesh Network

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Centralized Wireless LAN Architecture

What Is CAPWAP ?
CAPWAP - Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points is used between APs and WLAN Controller and based on LWAPP with split MAC architecture. CAPWAP carries control and data traffic between the two
Control plane is AES-CCM encrypted Data plane is DTLS encrypted (Optional).
LWAPP-enabled access points can discover and join a CAPWAP controller, and conversion to a CAPWAP controller is seamless CAPWAP is not supported on Layer-2 mode deployment
Business Application Data Plane Controller
Access Point WiFi Client
CAPWAP
Control Plane
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Mesh Platform Options
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Wireless Products
Cisco has a comprehensive suite of products for Outdoor/Indoor Wireless connectivity
AP1524 MESH AP1522 MESH
AP1242/AP1131 indoor Mesh (iMesh)

BR1310 2.4GHz Bridging BR1410 5GHz Bridging 3200 Mobile Access Router
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5508/9- NEW!
Cisco Wireless Controller Family 500

Network Device Limits
375 150 3750G WLC Switch 25-50AP 75 Cisco 4404 100 APs Cisco 4402-50 50 APs
License per AP
4400 (100 APs)

RAPs 1 MAPs 149
Cisco WiSM 300 APs
50
75
100
50 18
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ISR WLC Module 12 6 AP
Cisco 4402-12 12 APs
Cisco 2106 6 APs

REAP H-REAP
Cisco 4402-25 25 APs RAPS Are Counted as 1, Since MAPs Are Not Connected Directly to the Controller, Each MAP Is Considered as .5 (Half) an AP for the Purposes of Supported Controller Count
X + 0.5 Y = Supported AP Count Key: X = RAP, Y = MAP

>=12 APs >=25 APs >=100 APs 500 APs
12 APs
>=26 APs
Deployment Size
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Announcing: Next Generation Wireless Broadband Platform

Versatile
Cisco Aironet 1520 Series
Extensible
Fortified
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Cisco Aironet 1520 Series: Platform Introduction

Versatile
Universal radio slot allows rapid deployment of new radio technology Radio modularity provides flexibility to meet dynamic customer requirements
Extensible
Cisco Aironet 1520 Series
Easily extends services integrating 3rd party applications IP devices (video cameras, automated meter reader, etc.)
Rugged NEMA 4X enclosure Hazardous Location Certified Cisco Unified Wireless Network/Cisco Self-Defending Network Architecture
Fortified
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Modularity
Motherboard
Chassis
PEM Cover
Modem Modem Cover
PEM Board
Power In Board
Radio Assembly (2X)
RF Cover
PEM Plate
Fiber Spools
PEM Cover
SFP Module
PS Cover
Power Supply
Riser Assembly (2X)
Fiber In
Cable Routing Area

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Cisco 1520 Series: Platform Overview (Cont.)

N-Connector Antenna Ports (6X) Labeled Ruggedized enclosure
40 to +55C with solar loading
IP67, NEMA-4X Hazardous safe option Class 1, zone 2/division 2
LEDs for troubleshooting Integrated Battery backup
Reset Button
PoE out (802.3af) to connect and power devices LEDs Aux/Console Cable DC Input Multiple Power Options Paintable chassis FIPS-140-2 certifiable Flexible backhaul/uplink options
Fiber interface with SFP port 1000BT Gig Ethernet Cable modem DOCSIS 2.0 with cable power
PoE Out
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PoE In
Fiber
AC Input
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Cisco 1520 Multi-Radio Platform

AP1524-PS AP1524 5.8
Multi-radio mesh platform
SIMO/MRC
5 levels of transmit power

5.8GHz: 28 dBm 2.4GHz: 28 dBm / 14dBm ETSI 4.9GHz: 26 dBm (Mask M), 20/10/5 MHz channels
2.4 4.9
AP1524-SB 5.8 2.4 5.8
Multiple Antennas for Maximizing Rx Sensitivity (MRC) AP1524 PS (Public Safety)-3 Radios
Band-specific radios 802.11b/g-2.4GHz (Access), 802.11a4.9 GHz (Access), 802.11a-5.8GHz (Backhaul)
AP1524 SB (Serial Backhaul)-3 Radios
AP1522
Band-specific radios 802.11b/g-2.4GHz (Access), 802.11a5.8GHz (Access/Backhaul), 802.11a-5.8GHz (Backhaul)
AP1522 -2 Radios
802.11b/g 2.4 GHz (Access), 802.11a4.9 to 5.8 GHz (Backhaul)
Cable SKU
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Fiber SKU
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Current State of 5 GHz Bridging Spectrum

1524 AP
4.94 4.99 5.15
1524 AP
5.825 5.850
1522 AP
5.25 5.35 5.470
8 Channels
Txmax 19 dBm
5.725
4 Channels 3 Channels
33 dBm + Unlimited Radiated Power Antenna EIRP (with Antenna) Gain Txmax 26 dBm Mask M
US (FCC)
Txmax 19 dBm
UNII-1
17 dBm
UNII-2
27 dBm
17 dBi Not Allowed
5 Channels ISM 30 dBm+Unltd. Ant. Gain Txmax 28 dBm

UNII-3, 30 dBm
UNII-2 Extended 27 dBm

Txmax 22 dBm
Europe
Radiated Power EIRP (with Antenna)
23 dBm
30 dBm
11 Channels 30 dBm
4 Channels
Japan
DFS + TPC
Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) Target Power Control (TPC)
Dynamic Range of 6 dB provided for every Antenna for Static TPC

Hub Radios Licensed
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Support of Workgroup Bridges (WGBs)

1522 1524
CAPWAP Infrastructure will associate Cisco IOS WGBs Connects multiple wired devices to the WLAN
WGBs 1240, 1230 1130, 1120 1300
3200 WMICs as WGB (release 12.4(3)JK): 3201 - 2.4 GHz
This is NOT Mesh AP acting as a WGB
3205 - 5.0 GHz 3202 - 4.9 GHz
Cisco IOS WGBs must be upgraded to 12.4(3)JA or later

WCS support of WGB device management in 4.2 or later
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Outdoor Video Surveillance Architecture

3G Cellular Network
Client uplink To mesh
Wireless Mesh with Cisco 152x
Cisco 3200 2.4 & 4.9GHz Access Points
2.4/4.9/5GHz bridging
3G Cellular
In-Vehicle Network
3200 Mobile Router
Cisco 3200
Expand citywide coverage with 2.4 & 4.9GHz Mesh; Cisco 3200 video nodes become clients to Mesh
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Serial BackhaulLinear Deployment

(Straight Line Deployment eg. Trains )
RAP Slot 2
Ch 149
Map1 Slot 2
Ch 157
Map2 Slot 1
Ch 165
Map3 Slot 2
Ch 153
Map4 Slot 1 Slot 2
Slot 1
Slot 1
Slot 2
Slot 1
To avoid AP internal channel coupling 2 channel separation is maintained

A=CH149 X=CH153
Channel Reuse after 4 Hops

1524 Multi-radio
5.8 GHz Backhaul
B=CH157
Y=CH161 C=CH165
5.8 GHz Backhaul
5.8 GHz Access
2.4 GHz Access
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Optimizing Antenna Options

2.4 GHz Antennas
Part Number AIR-ANT2450V-N AIR-ANT2450V-N AIR-ANT2480V-N Description 2.4 GHz, 5 dBi Compact Omni-Directional 2.4 GHz, 5 dBi Compact Omni-Directional 2.4 GHz, 8 dBi Omni-Directional
4.9/5 GHz Antennas

Part Number AIR-ANT5240V-N AIR-ANT5180V-N Description 5.25 to 5.85 GHz, 4 dBi Right Angle OmniDirectional 4.9 to 5.85 GHz, 8 dBi Compact OmniDirectional
AIR-ANT58G10SSA-N AIR-ANT5114P-N AIR-ANT5117S-N
5.725 to 5.825 GHz, 9.5 dBi Sector 4.9 to 5.85 GHz, 14 dBi Patch 4.9 to 5.85 GHz, 17 dBi 90o Sector
Compact Antennas Mount Directly on the Access Point (10.8) Right Angle Antennas Mount Directly to the side of Access Point (5)
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Non-Cisco Antenna/Cable Support

RF connectivity and compliance is customers responsibility Cisco doesn't track or have any idea about the quality, performance or reliability of the Non Certified Antennas/Cables Cisco Technical Assistance Center will have no training or customer history with regard to non-Cisco antennas/cables Cisco's compliance is only guaranteed with Cisco antennas or antennas that are of the same design and gain as Cisco antennas The Cable Loss reduces the Effective Isotropic Radiated Power coming out from Antenna
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Real World Installation
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InstallationRAP Is All About Location

Mount Your Root AP on a Roof Top or Tower That Has a Good View of the Coverage Area Ideally, You Should See Your RAP Site from the Streetlight or Coverage Area Looking Up
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InstallationFresnel Zone Clearance

The Fresnel zone is an imaginary ellipsoid which surrounds the straight line path between the antennas The required beam clearance is called Fresnel zone The antennas must be high enough to allow the first Fresnel zone to clear the hills, earth bulge, buildings or trees D1 D2
Fresnel Zone
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Understanding RAP Coverage Areas
RF Shadow Close to Building; Poor SNR
Beyond RF Coverage Area; Poor SNR
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RAP Deployment
Maintain the recommended distances between the RAPs/Maps to avoid overloading of the Receiver
If on a Tower, Vertical separation is the best Antenna proximity must be obeyed, even if on Adjacent and Alternate Adjacent Channels
Antennas 17 dBi/7.5 dBi
17dBi/7.5 dBi 17dBi/7.5 dBi
AP Collocation Adjacent Channel

Alternate Adjacent Channel Cable Spacing
Vertical Separation 40 feet

10 feet 3 feet
Damage Level: 0 dBm Lab Testing: Minimum Attenuation 60 dB

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Mesh RolesMesh Access Point MAP
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Vertical/Horizontal Pole Mount
AIR-ACCPMK1520=
2 Steel Straps
Pole Diameter Range supported from 2 to 16
Mounts to pole using Band-It strap system
Allows for pivot up to 45 Deg. for support pole applications

Allows full access to hinged cover and lets used pivot the box 90 to access rear panel (Radios and Battery) Quick mount and pivot
AIR-BAND-INST-TL= Horizontal pivot to 45 Pivot and quick mount

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Cable Strand Mount

2.4GHz (Tx/Rx) 5GHz (Tx/Rx) 2.4GHz(Rx)
All equipment, antennas and enclosure to be mounted within legal limits of right-of-way.
Allow for mount adjust up to 20 degree cable slope. (Antenna stay vertical while cable is sloped).
Also allows for enclosure mount to be adjusted so antennas hang vertical. (center of gravity below cable).
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Antennas Installed on the Top of Pole
5Ghz Antenna 2,4Ghz Antenna
Mesh AP
Left View
Front View
Equipment Inside
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Grounding and Lightening Arrestor
1- Outdoor Light Control 2- Streetlight Adapter 3-Copper Grounding wire
10 AWG or Larger Ground Wire
Street Light Power Tap supports 100 to 480 VAC

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Site Survey Tools

Air Magnet Planner & Surveyor
Indoor and Outdoor GPS assisted 802.11a/b/g 4.9 GHz
Advantages
Cisco Spectrum Expert WCS Planning Tool EDX SurveyPro
Form factor
Device identification
Device finding Record and playback Ease of use
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InstallationSite Survey
Before installing multiple mesh APs, one should perform a site survey to determine the optimum location of the mesh APs before installation takes place Range is effected by the following factors
1. Data rate: sensitivity and range is inversely proportional to data rate 2. Freznel zone clearance: It is recommended that you provide the enough Fresnel zone clearance for the radio signal
3. Antenna type and placement: higher the gain of the antenna, more is the range; height of the antenna should be sufficient to clear Freznel zone clearance and Earth bulge
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InstallationNode Placement
Path Loss Exponent 2.5 to 3.0 600 Feet (Typical Distance)
Link Budget Window 109 ~115 dB

MAP MAP
One Square Mile, 25 Cells
MAP
FOR GREENFIELDS
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Establishing Mesh
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How Is the Network Formed?

No Parent Found Failed If MAP
Path Selection/Least Cost Algorithm
Best Parent
Scan Seek
Found a Parent
Start
Sync
Finding Route Back to RAP
If RAP Success
Maintain
Success
Authenticate
If RAP or MAP (With a Valid Parent)
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Ease Values (AWPP)

Routing uses a concept of ease (inverse of cost)
Route with the highest adjusted ease is taken Adjusted ease is a Hop count adjusted ease
Minimize latency Minimize errors
Ease 873812 20 dB RAP
To Prevent Flopping of the Link, a Premium of 20% Is Given to the Selected Parent
MAP 20 dB Ease 873812
Ease 262144
18 dB
MAP
Preferred Path, Adjusted Ease = 436906 > 262144
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AWPP Passive Scanning with DFS

AWPP has Passive Scanning
Wired Network
RAP_2
MAP_1
MAP_3
MAP_2
Ch
149
Neighbors
MAP_1 MAP_2 RAP_2 Blocked MAP_3 Blocked
BGN
MySecret MySecret MySecret X Mesh
Status
Neighbor Discard (LowSNR) Parent Blacklist Neighbor DFS_Block
Ease
117384 83211 332129
153 157 161 165
Passive Scanning- Based on Mesh Beaconing in SCAN state RAP/MAP broadcast NEIGHBOR_UPDATE after connecting to the Network at every 500ms Each node scans all the 802.11a channels spending 3 seconds on EACH irrespective of the BGN Beacons from Neighbors with Low SNRs are discarded unless no other neighbors can be found
284974
Faster Channel Scanning + Less Channels to Scan

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Bridge Group Name (BGN)-Sectorization

Logically groups APs and controls the association of the radios For adding capacity we recommend that you have more than one RAP in the same sector, with the same BGN, but on different channels A factory default BGN is empty (NULL VALUE). BGN is a string of Eleven characters maximum Mesh APs with incorrect BGN, can still join a running network using BGN as the word Default AP using default BGN
Associate any clients, and will form mesh relationships After 15 minutes APs will go to SCAN state rather than Rebooting
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Primary Backhaul Setting Algorithm

MAP always sets 802.11a as Primary Backhaul
MAP will give preference to the Parent which has the same BGN MAP after exhausting all neighbors on 802.11a, will make Ethernet port as Primary Backhaul . This allows one to recover the MAP in house MAP connected to the Controller on the Ethernet Port does not build a Mesh Topology (unlike RAP)
RAP sets Ethernet Port as Primary Backhaul and switches to 802.11a wireless backhaul, and then it goes to SCAN state after 15 minutes
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Ethernet VLAN Tagging

Ethernet ports can be configured in one of the three modes:
Normal Mode - default mode which exists in absence of any config
Access Mode Trunk Mode
A global setting can be made which determines the behavior of AP with respect to the VLAN tags on Ethernet bridged traffic (VLAN transparent and Non-VLAN transparent)
Benefits
Allows Ethernet ports to be configured as Access or Trunk. Works both in Indoor and Outdoor Mesh APs. Works on non-Backhaul Ethernet Ports.
LEDs Aux/Console
16 VLANs per sector
DC Input
GigabitEthernet0 GigabitEthernet1 GigabitEthernet2 GigabitEthernet3

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PoE In
PoE Out Fiber
AC Input
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Supporting VLANs on Child AP

Mesh Link 1
Bridge Groups to support Child VLANs
Switch
RAP
Mesh Link 2
Mesh Link 3
Ethernet Interface Tbridge
MAP1
MAP3
802.11 A Interface
VLAN Red VLAN Orange VLAN Green Native VLAN AWPP Header
MAP2 Parent AP needs to support the VLANs from Child AP also Local Switching of packets supported.
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Blacklisting Neighbors
Honeypot Detection Honeypot Conviction Non- Honeypot Credit Honeypot Reporting
Blacklisting time depends upon the loyalty of the Parent
Show mesh neigh
Controller MAP_1 X.509 Certificate Ch = 153 Ease = 332129 BGN=AlphaSecret
Alpha Wired Network
RAP_1
AES Encrypted Connection Any neighbors for BGN=AlphaSecret?

MAP_1
Ch = 157 Ease = 198324 BGN=OmegaSecret

RAP_2
Ch
153 157
Neighbors
RAP_1 Blocked
BGN
AlphaSecret X
Status
Parent Blacklist
Ease
332129
Omega Wired Network
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Anti Stranding
Stranded AP latches the 802.11b radio to a channel (1,6,11), enables debugs, broadcasts the standard debug messages as distress beacons, sends latest Crash info file The mesh APs deployed constantly look for stranding APs and send a list of stranded APs to the controller periodically The controller maintains a list of the stranded APs When the command "debug mesh astools troubleshoot <macaddr> start" is run, the controller will run through the list to find the stranded AP <mac-addr> A message is sent to the best neighbor to start listening to the stranded AP The listening AP will get the distress beacons from the stranded AP and sends it to the controller
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WCSManagement Platform
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WCS Mesh Management

Mesh Info on mouse roll over Neighbor AP Info Ping Test from Controller to AP Link Test from AP to AP
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WCS Mesh Alarms and Events

Trap
Poor SNR Link Parent Change Child Moved MAP Changes Parent Frequently Console Port Event MAC Authorization Failure Queue Overflow Child Excluded Parent Default Bridge Group Name Excessive Hop Count Excessive Children Excessive Association
Description
Generated if link SNR falls below 12db Generated when the child moved to another parent When parent AP detected its lost of a child and not able to communicate with that child, it will send Child lost trap to WCS When MAP parent-change-counter exceeds the threshold within a given duration, it will send a trap to WCS Generated if user has successfully logged in to the AP console port, or if he has failed 3 consecutive tries Generated when AP tries to join the mesh but fails to authenticate because its not in the MAC filter list Generated when any 802.11e queue overflows due to channel capacity limitations Generated when a child blacklisted a parent Generated when MAP mesh node joins parent using 'default bridge group name Generated when the number of hops from the MAP node to the RAP exceeds 4 Generated when the child count exceeds 20 for a RAP and 10 for a MAP Generated when cumulative association counter at parent mesh node exceeds 25
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WCS Reports
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AP Mesh Tree
AP Mesh Info Option to Display Mesh Tree on Map
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Mesh Link Information

Link SNR Information displayed Link test can be run for the specified link
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Mesh AP Information
Mesh Info displayed under AP Info tab Mesh neighbors can be viewed If has IP address then ping test can also be initiated
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View Mesh Neighbors

Neighbor types and link SNR are shown in labels Selected AP shown in lighter color and neighbors cleared by clicking on Clear link
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WCSGoogle Earth Integration

Install Google Earth Pro product separately Launch Google Earth from WCS to show topology and coverage of outdoor mesh APs Show information such as heatmaps, link status, SNR, Packet Stats, etc. upon hovering mouse over APs/Links
Show mesh map information in various map views (inclined plane, top view, etc)
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Summary
WCS allows for the management of indoor and outdoor access points and controllers from the same system
Granular MESH AP metrics can be displayed Integration with Google Earth allows for view of large outdoor networks
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WIMAX
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What Is WiMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
More info: www.wimaxforum.org Standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL. IEEE 802.16
Fixed WiMAX (802.16-2004 a.k.a 802.16d) No handoff between Base Stations Mobile WiMAX (802.16e-2005 a.k.a 802.16e) Can be used to deliver both fixed and mobile services
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WiMAX End to End Reference Model

R2
NAP
R6
BS
MSS
R1 R8
AAA
AAA
R5
R1: 802.16e (MSS-ASN) R2: MSS CSN R3: ASN GW HA R4: Inter-ASN R5: CSN-CSN
ASN GW
ASN ASN
R4
R3
HA DHCP DNS
CSN
V-NSP
HA DHCP DNS
CSN
H-NSP
BS
R6: BS - ASNGW R8: Inter BS
Another ASN
ASP Network Or Internet

ACCESS SERVICE NETWORK (ASN)
Access gateway (ASN GW) provides the micro-mobility anchor point and supports bearer services. Also supports the Foreign Agent. Base station (BS) provides the radio dependent functions and has limited IP functionality
MSS Mobile Subscriber Station NAP Network Access Provider NSP Network Service Provider
CORE SERVICES NETWORK (CSN)

Home agent (HA) provides the macro-mobility anchor point and supports bearer services , if roaming/mobility is desired. Other Network Elements such as AAA, DHCP servers and more are also in the CSN.
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WiMAX QoS and Scheduling Schemes

Specifications and Applications
QoS Category Applications QoS Specifications Maximum Sustained Rate Maximum Latency Jitter Tolerance
UGS Unsolicited Grant Service
VoIP
Service Flows:
Mechanism defined in Mobile WiMAX to provide QoS
Uni-directional flow of packets associated with certain defined QoS parameters for traffic
rtVR Real-Time Variable Rate Service
Streaming Audio or Video
Minimum Reserved Rate Maximum Sustained Rate Maximum Latency Traffic Priority
Minimum Reserved Rate Maximum Sustained Rate Maximum Latency Jitter Tolerance Traffic Priority Minimum Reserved Rate Maximum Sustained Rate Traffic Priority Maximum Sustained Rate Traffic Priority
Packet Classifiers:
Each service flow also has packet classifiers associated with it to determine criteria used by the MAC layer to associate packets into service flows
ErtVR Extended Real-Time Variable Rate Service
Voice with Activity Detection (VoIP)
nrtVR Non-Real-Time Variable Rate Service BE Best-Effort Service
FTP File Transfer Protocol
Mobile WiMAX scheduling based on QoS service Flows associated with each packet
Data, Web Browsing, etc.
*Not all of these QoS Categories are supported by Cisco Base station
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Ciscos WiMAX Portfolio
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Cisco Broadband Wireless Access

Mobile WiMAX Networking Cisco BWX 8300 Series Broadband Wireless Access System
BWX 8305 / 2305 Mobile WiMAX Basestations
WiMAX 802.16e-2005 certifiable Industry-leading RF Link-Budget First Mobile WiMAX with Adaptive Beamforming; Advanced Antenna Systems (AAS) Combines Beamforming+MIMO for capacity & class-leading performance
BWX 8305 / 2305 Mobile WiMAX Antennas
BWX 8305 8-element array provides 120 sector coverage with Beamforming & MIMO BWX 2305 2-element antenna provides in-fill coverage with MIMO & diversity
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Customer Premise Equipment

Residential Access
Linksys WRP400 Triple-Play Router
Linksys SPA2102 Phone Adapter
Small / Medium Business Access

Integrated Services Routers
(800 through 3800 Series)
Integrated Services Router
WiMAX Modem
Integrated Beam forming and MIMO
Linksys SPA8000 Phone Adapter
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Cisco Broadband Wireless Access

Mobile WiMAX Beamforming Innovation
Beamforming Uses Antenna Array and Signal Processing Techniques to Maximize Signal Strength for Subscriber Devices
No Beamforming Energy is dispersed across an entire 90 or 120 sector Gain decreases quickly with distance, degrading performance Limited coverage. Cells must be tightly spaced for good performance Inter-cell interference adversely affects frequency reuse Array is recalibrated every 5ms, energy is focused at individual subscribers Gain (64x) remains high over long distances, improving performance Expanded Coverage. Cells can be widely spaced while providing good performance Inter-cell interference is minimized, allowing maximum frequency reuse
Sector Antenna
0 dB
Ciscos Beamforming Implementation
+9 dB
+18 dB
Cisco 8-Element 120 Beamforming Array
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How Beamforming Works

8-antennas
WiMAX CPE
BTS-MX8
Signal from CPE bounces off of buildings & arrives at the 8-antenna system.
Each antenna sees the signal a bit differently. All 8 signals are manipulated to have he equivalent effect of an antenna system with a very narrow beam pointing exclusively at that particular CPE.
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How Beamforming Works

8-antennas
WiMAX CPE
BTS-MX8
Signal from CPE bounces off of buildings and arrives at the 8-antenna system Each antenna sees the signal a bit differently All 8 signals are manipulated to have he equivalent effect of an antenna system with a very narrow beam pointing exclusively at that particular CPE
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Cisco Broadband Wireless

ASN Gateway Services
Cisco Broadband Wireless Gateway (BWG)A High Performance Open Profile-C ASN Gateway for Mobile WiMAX Access
Enables open Mobile WiMAX ASN architectures for maximum design & deployment flexibility Built on the Cisco 7600 Series the carrier-class converged services platform providing access to thousands of IOS features The most powerful ASN-GW platform available scalable from 5 to 45 Gbps
MPLS and IPSec VPNs enables secure residential and business services over a common infrastructure
Part of the Cisco Service Exchange Framework, enabling precise control over each subscribers quality of experience
Performance, Scalability, and Sophisticated Features Ensure Maximum Value for Service Providers
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Service Exchange Framework
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Subscriber and Service Management
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Provides the Information Service Providers Need to Guide And Measure Each Subscribers Experience
Who?
Who Is the User?
Subscriber identification Device identification Subscriber and Device Profiles Presence and availability
Where?
Where Can the User Go?
Track devices across carriers Maintain sessions across networks Provide service consistency
What?
What Can the User Do?
Within what timeframes To what networks To what services Under what conditions or restrictions
How?
How Are Resources Allocated?

Network interworking Rich media control Service awareness and control Per-service, per-subscriber charging
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Intelligent Services Gateway (ISG)

The Intelligent Services Gateway Coordinates Policy Management and Service Control For Consumer Services
Identity Tracking
Tracks subscriber identity to enable personalized services

Applies and distributes policies for tiered service delivery
Service Management
Service Control
ISG
Operations Integration
Enables low-touch, no-touch, and self-service subscriber provisioning Mediates access to 3rd-party application partners to maximize service innovation and revenue Enables monetization of any serviceinternal, blended, or over-the-top
Network Operations and Provisioning

OSS/BSS Radius DHCP Billing Identity
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Building the First Mile Aggregation/Control

Aggregation Intelligent Edge
Broadhop SME WCS
Service ControlISG
WiSM
ISG
SCE
Metro- 7600 Ethernet
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Captive Portals for ServiceMesh Access Intercept Customers and Force Them to Log On
Broadhop SME
AAA Server Billing System Internet
Capture web sessions on start up or at configurable intervals Target advertising to identified subscribers Match content to identified subscribers
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ISG Layered Policy Control and Enforcement Policy Enforcement

Key to Scalable Session Control
Business Policy Decisions: Centralized Event
Point (PEP)
Central Services (Application & Policy)

Multiple Layers through ISP SP etc.
Event Signaling/Network Policy Decisions: Distributed Control Policy plane plane
Enhanced Scalability of Policy Signaling and Control; Distributed Processing Data
ISG Network Element Services (Access/ Aggregation)
Event
Identification/ Flow Feature Network Classification Service (ACL) (route/forward)

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ISG Active/Active Redundancy Configuration
Aggregation/Control
Broadhop SME Aggregation Router ISG Router 7301 7301 Internet Gateway Router
7600 SLB
7600 FLB
Walled/Open Garden
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IP Address Management
Map SSIDs to VLAN in 1:1 and 1:N Relationships
SSID= OpenWIFI IP scope 10.1.1.1 10.1.2.255
Option 2 DHCP Server
Internet
SSID= OpenWIFI IP scope 10.1.3.1 10.1.4.255 VLAN =1 VLAN =2 VLAN =3 MetroEthernet WiSM
ISG
Option 1 DHCP in IOS
VPN VoIP Service
SSID= OpenWIFI IP scope 10.1.5.1 10.1.6.255
Rogue AP
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User Mobility
AP-10
AA-AA
WC-A AP-22
Tunnel B to A
MetroEthernet
VLAN =1 VLAN =2 VLAN =3 WiSM WC-B
ISG
AP-47
MAC
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AP
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WC
B-A A
VLAN 2
IP 10.10.10.2
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AA-AA
ISG for Wireless Mesh User Authentication

Captive portal for PWLAN billing and targeted advertising VLAN-to-MPLS mapping
Internet Municipal Applications

Si
WPA2 & WPA2 & AES encryptionfor for AES encryption greater security greater security
WMM to DSCP QoS Mapping
Public Agency
User Directory
User Directory
AAA queries departmental user directories
Fire Dept VLAN
Police Dept VLAN

PWLAN VLAN
Non-Broadcast SSID=PublicSafety Security = WPA2
Parking VLAN
Inspection VLAN
802.1x and Dyn VLAN Assignment
Non-Broadcast SSID = City Applications Security = WEP
Broadcast SSID = Public Security = Open
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Broadhop SME WCS
Service Control Broadhop SME
WiSM
ISG
SCE
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Residential Portal and Self Care

Example of Service Definition and Enforcement
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SME PlatformBack Office Services

Powerful Linux-based appliance GUI-driven Service & Policy management Subscriber service managementAdvanced broadband services TriplePlay service delivery platform High-performance and highly scalable architecture
TriplePlay Advanced Services New Services
Usage & Billing Service Selection Portal Service & Policy Management
Dynamic Session Management

Subscriber Service Profile Management Identification, Authentication & Authorization
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Leverage SME for Subscriber Management Across Multiple Networks
Usage & Billing
Multi Access Network
Service Selection Portal
ISG
Service & Policy Management
ISG
Carrier Class
Dynamic Session Management
Multi Service
Subscriber Service Profile Management
Back Office
Back Office Integration
Identification, Authentication & Authorization
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Service ControlSCE
Broadhop SME WCS
WiSM
ISG
SCE
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Service Control in a ServiceMesh Network

Application Layer Visibility and Control
SCE
Internet
Usage Analysis
Bandwidth Management
Internet Service Creation

Subs Profile
DHCP
Enable better network management and capacity planning Uncover service and revenue opportunities
Improve customer experience Manage network OPEX/CAPEX
Portal
P oli cy
AAA
Market tuned serviceplans (power-users, gamers, family-friendly)
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P2P TrafficOptimize Network for End-User Experience

1%
25%
No Action Optimized for heavy P2P users Customer Satisfaction
Intelligent P2P Control Balances network capacity to users needs
Native P2P Control Poor experience for P2P users
74%
P2P heavy user P2P casual user Not a P2P user
SCE provides tools for SP to manage network capacity inline with its full subscriber bases needs
No Action
Intelligent P2P Control
Native P2P Control
Blocking all P2P Traffic
Massive P2P Users Casual P2P Users Not P2P Users

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Applications
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Cisco ServiceMesh Applications

Municipal Pubic safety (video&voice) Land management RFID tracking applications Surveillance Meter reading (utility/parking) Traffic management Residential Data connectivity Choice of payment method Turbo-button Family member additions Parental Control Location-based applications
Businesses Data connectivity Guest access Hospitality offerings
Tourism Convention directions City events and sightseeing Emergency help
Many More Application Examples and Partners Available at wwwin.cisco.com/go/servicemesh

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Location-Based Services
Web Portal Advertising Insertion
Local Banner
Local Search Local Content Local Ads
Local Roaming
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Deployments
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City of Austin, TX
The Challenges
Attract new business to stimulate economic growth Improve communications for city employees, while reducing cost
Increase safety response
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City of Austin, TX, (Cont.)

The Solution
Wireless Infrastructure-Based on the Cisco Service-Oriented Network Architecture (SONA):
Cisco Wi-Fi solution in and around the convention center for free wireless access for attendees and more efficient management and maintenance of buildings Cisco wireless IP telephony solution in convention center Cisco 1500 APs in the downtown area for free wireless access to citizens and businesses
Wireless network access and IP connectivity for the citys emergency response vehicle
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City of Austin, TX, (Cont.)

Customer Benefits
Wireless mesh network is providing the foundation for new services and applications that will enhance public safety and staff productivity, and help the city generate economic growth Increased efficiency for city employees
New infrastructure provides a field-testing environment that businesses and city departments can utilize for new application and product development
Improved communication in the case of emergencies since the citys emergency vehicle can directly communicate with police, fire, ambulance services, or the Red Cross
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City of Madison, WI
The Challenges
Wi-Fi broadband connectivity service for the community at a low subscription fee based model Enable new government services more effectively across the city. Private + Public services on shared network.
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City of Madison, WI, (Cont.)

The Solution
Cisco Wireless Mesh Network:
200+ Cisco Aironet 1500 Series mesh access points. More will be added for phase 2 build out
Cisco 4400 Series Wireless LAN controller and Cisco Wireless Control System (WCS).
ServiceMesh Subscriber Management
Pre-paid IPASS Roaming
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CablevisionOptimum WIFI NY and Long Island

Cable Service Provider
Wi-Fi broadband connectivity free to all 3 million Cablevision subscribers Continuous coverage for NY metro area with more than 15,000 Aps Enables new service models over extended area Increases customer stickiness with a differentiated service
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Optimum WiFi (Cablevision)

The Solution
Cisco Wireless Mesh Network: ~15,000+ Access points Cisco Aironet 1520 Series mesh access points with built in cable modem Cisco 7600 with WISM controllers
Cisco ServiceMesh subscriber and service management

Opportunity for white labeling other Service Providers with common back end.
http://www.optimum.net/WiFi/Find
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Summary
Cisco Broadband Wireless Enables the Connected Life, and Service Provider Success by Helping Them Deploy Networks
For higher growth and faster time to market
Deliver Services
For faster ROI, increased SP revenue
Accelerate Demand
For increased relevance and retention
Optimize Business
To decrease capital and operational expenses
Using easily deployed broadband wireless networks
Using an end-to-end service-enabled IP NGN architecture
By delivering data, voice, and video services at home, at work, on the move
Using Carrier Ethernet and Service Exchange Framework
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Additional Information
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Additional Information
WiFi Mesh Product Information
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/products/ps6548/index.html http://www.cisco.com/go/servicemesh
Cisco Mesh Networking Solution Configuration Guide

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6548/products _technical_reference_book09186a008062b50e.html
WiMAX Forum
http://www.wimaxforum.org
Intelligent Services Gateway (ISG)

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6588/products_ios_protocol_group_home.html
Service Control Engine (SCE)

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6151/index.html
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Q and A
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Recommended Reading
BRKBBA-2016
Source: Cisco Press

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Design and Deployment of Outdoor Wireless Networks

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Your Sessions Presenters

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Before this Session Starts...

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Associated Sessions and Recommended Readings

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of Broadband Wireless

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Ciscos Vision for Service Providers

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Wireless Coverage EVDO, HSPA, WIMAX,Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi/ Femto Home

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

IP Next Generation Networks

Multiservice IP/MPLS Core

Internal Services and Operations

News Portals Location Services

Content Services Gateway

VoIP Music Roaming Exchanges

WiMAX PDSN Mobile IP Home Agent ASN-GW

Session Border Controller

Applicatio n Partners IP Media Partners

Wireless LAN Controller

Logging Subscriber Profiles

Persistent Roaming Across Wireless Access Networks

Subscriber-Differentiated IP Service Delivery

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Connecting with Different Wireless Options

Multi-Band Distribution and Access

Advanced Wireless Bridging/Mesh Architectures

MAP Controller MAP

Backhaul MAP 5 GHz

Access 2.4 GHz

RAP: Root Access Point

MAP: Mesh Access Point

Going Further with Wireless Mesh Access

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Ciscos Intelligent Wireless Mesh Solution

Self-configuring, self-healing Mesh

Robust embedded security

Provides seamless L3 mobility

Wireless Mesh Solution Components

Mesh Access Point

Root Access Point

Wireless LAN Controller

Wireless Control System (WCS)

Back Office Systems

Industry Proven Devices at Every Layer

Mesh Easily Scales as the Network Grows

Add additional RAPs

32 MAPs per RAP

Easily add Controllers

72 WLCs per domain

8 Hops Deep (34 Recommended)

Indoor and Outdoor Deployment with Single Controller Seamless Roaming

Controllers: All controller types Grgich Hill (5.2) and later

Across indoors and outdoors All controller platforms supported

RAP/MAP: 1522 & 1524