Applications of Linear Algebra

Applications of linear algebra
Sangat Vaidya
atmiya institute of technology and science Rajkot (Guj.)
11 july 2012
Applications Sangat Vaidya of linear algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science
What is linear algebra?
Linear algebra is a branch of mathematics charged with properties of nite dimensional vector spaces and linear mappings between such spaces.
Applications Sangat Vaidya
of
linear
algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science
Theory and methods of this branch are extensively useful in engineering, natural sciences, computer sciences and the social sciences (particularly economics).
of
linear
BASIC CONCEPTS OF DISTANCE

Distance is a numerical description of how far apart two objects are from each other. Distance provides a concrete way of describing what it means for two elements of some space to be close to or far away from each other.
of
linear
The distance between two points x(x1,y1,z1) and y(x2,y2,z2) is given by vector xy and is dened by d(x, y) = (x1 x2 )2 + (y1 y2 )2 + (z1 z2 )2
of
linear
APPLICATIONS
of
linear
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

what is GPS?
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a spacebased satellite navigation system which provides location and time information of objects in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.
of
linear
of
linear
The GPS system is maintained by the United States Government and is freely accessible by anyone through a GPS receiver.
of
linear
ARRANGEMENT OF GPS SATELITES SURROUNDING THE EARTHS GLOBE
of
linear
of
linear
HOW THE CONCEPT OF DISTANCE IS USED IN GPS ?

Let a ship is at an unknown point (x, y, z) at some time t.
of
linear
Let a ship is at an unknown point (x, y, z) at some time t.
of
linear
The GPS identies the ships coordinates (x, y, z) at any time t using a triangulation system and computed distances from four satellites.
of
linear
of
linear
These distances are computed using the speed of light (approximately 0.469 times Earth radius per hundredth of a second) and the time it takes for the signal to travel from the satellite to the ship.
of
linear
If the the signal transmitted by the satellite at time t0 is received by the ship at time t, then the distance d travelled by the signal will be d = 0.469(t t0 )
of
linear
of
linear
In theory, knowing three ship-to-satellite distances would suce to determine the three unknown coordinates of the ship.
of
linear
of
linear
However, the problem is that the ships (or other GPS users) do not generally have clocks that can compute t with sucient accuracy for global positioning. Thus, the variable t must be regarded as a fourth unknown, and hence the need for the distance to a fourth satellite.
of
linear
of
linear
The distance from one satellite can be computed as d(x, y) = (x x0 )2 + (y y0 )2 + (z z0 )2
of
linear
If we now equate the squares of d from both equations and round o to three decimal places, then we obtain
of
linear
If we now equate the squares of d from both equations and round o to three decimal places, then we obtain (x x0 )2 + (y y0 )2 + (z z0 )2 = 0.22(t t0 )2
of
linear
of
linear
Since there are four dierent satellites, and we can get an equation like this for each one, we can produce four equations in the unknowns x, y, z and t0 which produces a system of four linear equations in four unknowns x ,y, z and t0 that can be solved by algebraic or numerical methods.
of
linear
of
linear
BASIC CONCEPT OF LINEAR COMBINATION OF VECTORS

of linear
algebra
Atmiya institute of technology and science
of
linear
A vector w is called a linear combination of the vectors v1,v 2,,vr if it can be expressed in the form w = k1 v1 + k2 v2 + ... + kr vr where k1,k2,..,kr are scalars.
of
linear
ILLUSTRATION
of
linear
ILLUSTRATION
If i=(1,0,0), j=(0,1,0), k=(0,0,1) then v=(a,b,c) can be expressed as linear combination of i, j and k since v = (a, b, c) = a(1, 0, 0) + b(1, 0, 0) + c(1, 0, 0) = ai + bj + ck
of
linear
of
linear
APPLICATIONS
of
linear
of
linear
RGB COLOR MODEL
of
linear
WHAT IS RGB COLOR MODEL ?
of
linear
WHAT IS RGB COLOR MODEL ?
The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red , green and blue colors are added together in various combinations to produce a broad array of colors. The name of the model comes from the initials of the three additive primary colors RED, GREEN, and BLUE.
of
linear
of
linear
of
linear
of
linear
The main function of the RGB color model is in the sensing, representation, and display of images in electronic systems such as televisions and computers.
of
linear
of
linear
HOW IS LINEAR COMBINATION OF VECTORS USED IN RGB MODEL ?

of
linear
Colors in this system are created by adding together dierent percentages of the primary colors RED (R), GREEN (G), and BLUE (B). One way to do this is to identify the primary colors with the vectors r = (1, 0, 0) (pure red) g = (0, 1, 0) (pure green) b = (0, 0, 1) (pure blue)
of
linear
of
linear
To create all other colors by forming linear combinations of r, g, and b using coecients between 0 and 1, inclusive; these coecients represent the percentage of each pure color in the mix.
of
linear
of
linear
The set of all such color vectors is called RGB space or the RGB color cube where each vector is represented as c = c1 r + c2 g + c3 b = (c1 , c2 , c3 ) 0ci 1
of
linear
CMYK COLOR MODEL

of
linear
of
linear
of
linear
Color magazines and books are printed using CMYK color model or FOUR color model.
of
linear
Color magazines and books are printed using CMYK color model or FOUR color model. Colors in this model are created using four colored inks: CYAN(C), MAGENTA(M), YELLOW(Y and BLACK(K).
of
linear
of
linear
The colors can be created by printing dot patterns (called rosettes) with the four colors and allowing the readers eye and perception process to create the desired color combination.
of
linear
of
linear
The color is decided by associating the 4 base colors with vectors c = (1, 0, 0, 0) (cyan) m = (0, 1, 0, 0) (magenta) y = (0, 0, 1, 0) (yellow) k = (0, 0, 0, 1) (black) and describing the ink color as a linear combination of these using coecients between 0 and 1, inclusive.
of
linear
Thus, an ink color p is represented as a linear combination of the form p = c1 c + c2 m + c3 y + c4 k where 0 ci 1 The set of all such linear combinations is called CMYK space.
of
linear
of
linear
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RGB AND CMYK COLOR MODELS

of
linear
RGB RGB is ADDITIVE color model. RGB mostly used to display graphics.
of
linear
RGB RGB is ADDITIVE color model. RGB mostly used to display graphics.
CMYK CMYK is SUBTRACTIVE color model. CMYK is mostly used for printing purpose.
of
linear
of
linear
RGB It starts with the absence of light or color - black - as one would nd in a television screen or computer monitor with no power, and adds light in colors as needed.
RGB It starts with the absence of light or color - black - as one would nd in a television screen or computer monitor with no power, and adds light in colors as needed.
Applications Sangat Vaidya of
CMYK It starts with white such as paper - which is the combination of all colors, and lters of subtracts out those colors not wanted by the application of colored dyes or inks.
linear algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science
REFERENCES
of
linear
REFERENCES
H. Anton and C. Rorres , Elementary Linear Algebra (Applications version),Wiley India, (2009).
of
linear
REFERENCES
H. Anton and C. Rorres , Elementary Linear Algebra (Applications version),Wiley India, (2009). G. Strang, Linear algebra and its applications (4th Edition), Thomson(2006).
of
linear
REFERENCES
H. Anton and C. Rorres , Elementary Linear Algebra (Applications version),Wiley India, (2009). G. Strang, Linear algebra and its applications (4th Edition), Thomson(2006). S. Kumaresan, Linear algebra - A Geometric approach, Prentice Hall of India (2000).
of
linear
of
linear
THANK YOU
of
linear

Applications of Linear Algebra

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Applications of Linear Algebra

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Applications of linear algebra

What is linear algebra?

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

BASIC CONCEPTS OF DISTANCE

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

ARRANGEMENT OF GPS SATELITES SURROUNDING THE EARTHS GLOBE

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

HOW THE CONCEPT OF DISTANCE IS USED IN GPS ?

Let a ship is at an unknown point (x, y, z) at some time t.

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Let a ship is at an unknown point (x, y, z) at some time t.

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

The distance from one satellite can be computed as d(x, y) = (x x0 )2 + (y y0 )2 + (z z0 )2

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya

algebra Atmiya institute of technology and science

Applications Sangat Vaidya