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920-185A-EN
The Company
Olympus NDT designs and manufactures ultrasonic and eddy current test systems for manual and automated nondestructive testing. These systems are used throughout the world for the analysis of defects resulting from processes such as welding, extrusion, and casting, as well as from wear, corrosion, and fatigue. The companys broad field of activity includes aerospace and automotive manufacturing, petrochemical industries, construction welding, and in-service inspection. To serve these markets, Olympus NDT has manufacturing facilities in the United States and Canada. The company manufactures state-of-the-art, conventional and phased-array ultrasonic equipment and probes for the inspection of a wide range of tubes, plates, welds, and composite structures. Olympus NDT offers high-quality products and services that have earned excellent reputations for providing cost-effective solutions and excellent support and customer service.
Table of Contents
CFRP Radii Inspection Application Guide
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Probe Positioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Typical Setup Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 4 5 6 6
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Introduction
Parts manufactured of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) pose an inspection challenge because of their many shapes and thicknesses. Several parts in the aerospace industry consist of corners such as spars, stringers, and top-hat structures. Typical corner inspections are performed in a manufacturing environment. Inspection of these corners is relatively new but is becoming more and more important with the increasing usage of CFRP laminates in aircraft structures. Traditional inspections are performed manually with a conventional ultrasonic probe. The slow and tedious nature of this inspection approach and the strong dependency on the inspector, are major disadvantages. The OmniScanPA uses appropriate probe holders and curved linear arrays composed of 16 to 64 elements that fire in sequence to cover the entire corner in a single pass. The inspection of the entire corner becomes an encoded one-line scan. The geometry of the probe allows for all of the ultrasonic beams to coincide at 90 with the surface of the part in a manner similar to flat surface inspections. Furthermore, the unit provides multiple amplitude or time-of-flight C-scan mapping views that make data analysis an easy task. The main advantages of using the OmniScan PA for this application, is the possibility of inspecting the entire corner in one simple scan. This encoded data can then be used for sizing indications and defects. With respect to inspection speed, a typical setup can inspect along a corner at up to 200mm/s.
This radius inspection solution is based on: OmniScan MX instrument OmniScan MXU software -- Familiar menu-driven interface -- Multiple C-scan option -- A-Scan and C-scan data storage -- TCG -- One-button switching between PA and UT -- Customizable color palette for amplitude and thickness C-scans -- Live A-scan and B-scan Curved PA probes -- Acoustic impedance matched with water -- High circumferential resolution around the radius -- Corrosion-resistant stainless steel case -- Waterproof guaranteed to 1 m (3.28 ft) -- Compatible with adjustable immersion wedges Immersion corner wedges for curved array probes -- Available in specific radius and angle -- Adjustable radius to fit on various components to be inspected -- Designed to perform manual scans with a Mini Wheel encoder, or a time base
1 Aperture: 4 element
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SUMMARY
While conventional UT may be used for radius inspection, the OmniScan PA technology explained in this guide improves the detection of defects typical to this inspection (notably delamination). Phased array technology brings these added advantages: FASTER inspection speed FULL COVERAGE in a single scan BETTER probability of detection (POD) REPORTING and traceability
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Terminology
CFRP radii are charaterized by three main parameters: Part radius Part opening angle Thickness The specific linear Curved Array PA probes used to inspect these radii are defined by the probe radius and the probe angle.
Two main inspection types exist, which are characterized by the relative position of the probe to corner: Inside the corner ID Outside the corner OD
OD
16 Probe radius: R Part radius: r Thickness: T Part opening angle:
ID
16 Probe radius: R Part radius: r Thickness: T Part opening angle: T
T 1 R r
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Probe Positioning
The geometry of the probe allows for all of the ultrasonic beams to coincide at 90 with the surface of the part in a manner similar to flat surface inspections. With the probe positioned correctly, the inspection becomes identical to a 0 flat inspection as each focal law intersects the surface at 90. The front wall in the corner of the part appears as a straight horizontal surface. A similar approach can be applied for inspection from inside the corner as well as from outside the corner. Olympus offers several probes and probe holders to meet the challenges of corner inspections including adjustable immersion wedges that are adaptable to a range of corner radii. The probe holders are chosen and positioned according to the corner geometry. The probe holder must be aligned so that the center radius coincides with the center of radius of the corner. With these holders the same probe can be used for a range of corner geometries by simply changing or adjusting the probe holder.
Probe radius coincides with the part radius creating two concentric circles.
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16
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1 T
R r T 1
r T
Gate I Gate A
Gate B TCG
Display showing A-scan, Sscan, and TOF C-scan Display showing A-scan, amplitude C-scan, and TOF C-scan
Data Analysis
The main differences between inspecting the corners in this way and inspecting a flat panel are: The correlation required for index sizing on the corners. The beam inversion for ID inspections
Is 1 T R r d s 16
s = Is (r + d) R
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Is 1 R
d s r
s = Is (r + T - d) R
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Beam 8
Beam 1
8
Due to the beam inversion phenomenom the beams are inverted on the C-scan.
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With hundreds of units being used throughout the world, the OmniScanMX is Olympus most successful portable and modular phased array and eddy current array test instrument.
USER INTERFACE
The 8.4in. real-time display (60Hz A-scan refresh rate) with an SVGA resolution of 800 x 600, allows you to clearly see defects and details under any light conditions. A scroll knob and function keys make it easy to navigate the menus and to select functions. A mouse and keyboard can also be connected for users wanting a more PC-like interface.
OmniScan 16:128 phased array module offers live switching from phased array mode to conventional UT mode for quick verification and defect sizing useful for certain code requirement applications.
The OmniScan offers thourough report configuration, and easy generation; from acquired data to complete personalized report in seconds.
FULL-FEATURED BSCAN
Easy-to-interpret cross-sectional view of inspected parts Visual identification of acquired thickness values
FULL-FEATURED ASCAN
Peak-hold mode (always keeps the signal that shows the maximum amplitude in gateA) Gate threshold-level crossing (changes the color of the curve that is over the gate level) Thinnest mode automatically selects and displays the focal law with the thinnest part section Colorselectable Ascan display Reject mode filters signals below a defined amplitude threshold 3 A-scan displays, fill, hollow, and two-colored 60Hz Ascan refresh rate with envelope and peak overlays inside the gate
Example of sensitivity calibration
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GATE A ON I/
Gate A is synchronized on gate I crossing.
GATE MEASUREMENT
PEAK (^)
Position is taken at the maximal signal amplitude in the gate and the amplitude is also taken at the maximum signal in the gate. Go to Gate/Alarm > Gate > Gate = A Gate/Alarm > Gate > Parameters = Mode Gate/Alarm > Gate > Synchro. = I/
Peak measurement
Edge measurement
Edge position of the signal in Gate I is automatically placed at 0mm. Gate Is threshold becomes important. Gate I is no longer displayed on the screen. Gates A and B are automatically synchronized on I/. Gate starts A and B are considered from 0 mm.
EDGE (/)
Edge position of the signal in Gate IF is automatically placed at 0 mm Gate start (A and B) are considered from 0 mm.
Position is taken at the crossing position in the gate and the amplitude is taken at the maximum signal.
GATES SYNCHRONIZATION
GATES ON PULSE
Gate start is considered from the 0mm position This mode allows the user to verify the probes position with respect to the radius, while performing the manual scan.
Go to Gate/Alarm > Gate > Gate = I Gate/Alarm > Gate > Parameters = Mode Go to A-Scan Sync = I/ Go to Gate/Alarm > Gate > Gate = I and parameters = Mode Go to A-Scan synchro = Pulse
GATE B ON A/
Gate B is synchronized on the crossing position of gate A. By setting gate B immediately after the crossing signal in gate A, the first peak amplitude can be monitored.
THICKNESS CONFIGURATION
Many gate combinations can be configured in the OmniScan in order to provide the correct thickness measurement. The Min. and Max. values are used to set up the color palette scale. By default, everything below the minimum value is colored red and everything above the maximum is colored blue.
Display showing the effect of setting the point quantity on the range value. On the left, the number of points is set to 320; on the right the number is set to 160.
When in the phased array configuration, the user must select, with the data cursor, the A-scan he wants to display. The OmniScan can automatically display the A-scan with: The highest signal in gate A The minimum thickness value in gate A
Measurements > Thickness > Source = A/ - I/ Measurements > Thickness > Min. = 0.05 Measurements > Thickness > Max. = 50
Note that layouts containing a B-scan cannot be displayed when using either of these two modes.
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Display > Properties > Scan = A-Scan Display > Properties > Source = Highest (%) Display > Properties > Source = Thinnest
READING I(W)/
This reading displays the water column between the probe and the part.
LAYOUT: ABS
The ABS layout offers an A-scan, B-scan, and S-scan to be viewed all at the same time while in acquisition or setup mode. Furthermore, once the acquisition is complete and the OmniScan has been switched to analysis mode, this layout adds the C-scan view in order to facilitate quick and easy analysis.
A%: amplitude of the signal in the gate S(m-r): distance on the scan axis obtained by subtracting the position of the reference cursor from the position of the measurement cursor I(m-r): distance on the index axis obtained by subtracting the position of the reference cursor from the position of the measurement cursor T(A/-I/): thickness measurement Measurements > Reading > Group = C-scan Analysis
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3.5CC10.2-16-R1
3.5CC25-32-R4
3.5CC50-64-R5
As a world leader in PA probe manufacturing, Olympus NDT has once again proved its superior applications knowledge with the introduction of the Curved Array Probe series. Every aspect of the probes has been examined and optimized for more inspection possibilities and a more ergonomic design.
Advantages
Acoustic impedance matched with water High circumferential resolution around the radius Corrosion-resistant stainless steel case Waterproof guaranteed to 1 m (3.28 ft) Compatible with adjustable immersion wedges (shown on page 13)
R A
R casing
These probes come standard with an OmniScan connector and a 2.5m (8.2ft) cable, or can be specially fitted with other connectors and cable lengths. 12
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SR1-I81-ADJ
SR4-IE90-ADJ
Available for specific radius and angle, and a radius adjustment to fit various components Designed to perform manual scans Designed to be used with the Mini Wheel encoder
SR1-I90-0.125
Wedge type Inspection type Radius Angle of inspected part
Inspection type
Radius
Wedge Specifications
Part number SR1-I81-ADJ SR1-I90-ADJ SR1-I98-ADJ SR4-IE90-ADJ Probe type R1 R1 R1 R4 Angle of the inspected part () 81 90 98 90 Radius range in mm (in.) 4 to 14 (0.157 to 0.551) 3 to 14 (0.118 to 0.551) 3 to 13 (0.118 to 0.512) 3 to 20 (0.118 to 0.787) Inspection type ID ID ID ID, OD
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SPECIFICATIONS
D
RESOLUTION 12 steps/mm
E C A B
FEATURES
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Waterproof (IP68) Small dimensions Encoder resolution engraved on the wheel (12 steps/mm) Removable encoder wheel Double O-ring tire for better adherence Strain relief for cable protection Spring-loaded pin for adaptable encoder attachment 2 M3 threaded holes on top of the casing for rigid attachment DE version compatible with the OmniScan instrument BX version compatible with the TomoScan FOCUS LT instrument
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The free TomoVIEWER application can also be used to view data acquired by the OmniScan.
C-SCAN GENERATION
Digitize image data based on a reference zone (mean value, standard deviation) or select a specific threshold Digitize a region of interest (between cursors) or digitize the full C-scan image Remove any spurious indications (between cursors) Save results to companion file (A01) Choose from Full, Analysis, and Lite Aero editions of TomoView
Raw image Binary image
Histogram Distribution
Counts the percentage of pixels of each color level between 0% and 100% and displays the results as a graph (represents the region defined between the reference (red) and measure (blue) cursors).
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OmnISCan SOLUTIOn
on
High inspection speed Powerful and versatile software tools Ease of deployment Greater POD Portability The Olympus CFRP Flat Panel Inspection solution can also be used for other FRP flat panels.
feATUreS
OmniScan instrumenta tion OmniScan software - Familiar menu-driven interfa ce - Multiple C-scans option - A-Scan and C-scan data storag
- TCG
- Quick swapping between PA and for prove up and defect sizing UT - Customizable color palett e for amplitude and thickness C-sca n GLIDER scanner - Well suited for PA, UT, ECA, and EC probes - High inspection speed - Two encoded axes UT and PA probes and wedge
Parts made of laminate composite materials pose an inspection chall enge because of their many shapes and thicknesses. However, many parts consi st of a somewhat flat section such as skins, string ers, and spars. Olympus offers a comp lete solution for the inspection of carbon fiber reinforced polymers flat panels. This solut ions is based on the OmniScan flaw detec tor, the GLIDER scanner and probes dedic ated to CFRP flat panel inspection. The CFRP Flat Panel Inspe ction Solution from Olympus provides a portable solution with advanced tools such as two axes encoded C-scans with amplitude and timeof-flight (TOF) information , gate synchro-
- Near-wall probes: shorte ned dead zone at both ends - Delay line: provides excell ent nearsurface resolution - Water Pocket Rexolite wedge: for limited irrigation needs and better coupling on some surfaces
Your Challenge
920-166A-EN
Shinjuku Monilith, 3-1Nishi-Shinjuku2-chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-0914, Japan, Tel: 81(0)3-6901-4039 48 Woerd Avenue, Waltham, MA 02453, USA, Tel.: (1) 781-419-3900
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info@olympusNDT.com
Stock Road, Southend-on-Sea, Essex, SS2 5QH, UK, Tel.: (44) (0) 1702 616333 450 Campbell St. Unit 5, Cobourg, Ontario K9A 4C4, Tel.: (1) 905-377-9611 31 Gilby Road, Mount Waverly, Victoria, 3149, Tel.: (61) 130-013-2992 Valley Point Office Tower, 248373, Tel: (65) 68-34-00-10 CFRP Radii_Application_Guide_EN_200908 Printed in Canada Copyright 2009 by Olympus NDT. *All specifications are subject to change without notice. All brands are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.