Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Lecture 1
by
Course Outline
Importance & applications of multiphase flow Fundamentals of two-phase flow Basic definitions & conservation equations Comparison with single-phase systems Identification of flow patterns Mathematical modeling Homogeneous flow, Separated flow & Drift flux models Simplified treatment of different flow regimes Boiling heat transfer Classifications: Pool & Flow boiling Boiling curve Bubble nucleation & boiling crisis Condensation heat transfer: Drop-wise & Film-wise condensation Simple modeling & analysis Measurement of two-phase parameters
Liquid-liquid flow
Gas-solid flow
by
These are the most common types of flow regimes appearing with increasing fraction of lighter phase in the mixture.
Bubbly flow
Slug flow
Gravity plays a dominating role in deciding the flow regime for horizontal and inclined tubes.
All possible flow regimes may not appear under every twophase flow situation. Nature of the flow regime depends strongly on local flow characteristics, including the relative fraction of individual phases, phasic velocities, interfacial properties etc. It is also possible to have different transition regimes dominating the flow domain.
Here the location identified as x=0 signifies the position of boiling boundary calculated considering Thermodynamic equilibrium. However, due to the presence of nonequilibrium subcooled boiling, small amount of vapour generation can takes place prior to this point. x=1 similarly identifies the equilibrium location of the end of boiling.
Rate of heat addition and hence dx/dz plays a crucial role in determining the presence or absence of any particular flow pattern in diabatic channels.
Flow Pattern Map for Vertical Flow (Hewitt & Roberts, 1969)
This map was developed for low-pressure air-water and high-pressure steam-water upward flow through small diameter (1-3 cm) tubes. This is not the most accurate presentation & serves mostly as a rough guide.
Flow Pattern Map for Vertical Down-flow (Oshimowo & Charles, 1974)
This map was generated for air & different liquids in a channel of 2.54 cm diameter at 172 kPa pressure.