Dr MBA - Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya University

ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES

Anthropometric Measurement
What are anthropometric measurements? They are simply body dimensions. Body measurements are usually defined by the two endpoints of the distance measured. For example: stature (height) starts at the floor on which the subject stands and extends to the highest point on the skull. Height: Vertical point-to-point, straight-line Breadth: Horizontal point-to-point, straight-line Distance: Straight-line, point-to-point measurement between landmarks on the body Curvature: Point-to-point measurement following a contour

The main thing about making anthropometric measurements is that the students must be consistent. This means that if a student measures Person X on Monday and then takes the same measurements from Person X on Tuesday (under the same conditions) they will get a very similar result.

They must also be accurate. This means that if a student measures Person X on Monday, and another student also measures Person X on Monday, they would both get very similar results.

To do this the students MUST follow a procedure so everyone is taking the measurements the same way.

Measurement technique
1. Classical technique: o Grid technique: Projections of the body onto the grids. (Morant technique). o Instruments: 1

Dr MBA - Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya University

Anthropometer, caliper (bony landmarks): spreading caliper, sliding caliper o Shortcoming: Simple but time consuming; o Many bony landmarks cannot be projected easily onto grids o Contact measurements cannot be made on certain sensitive parts o Body dimensions unrelated to each other, not a 3-D picture 2. New technique: o Photograph, video, laser-based anthropometry o Laser: distance-measuring device to determine the shape of irregularbodies. o Markers: be placed on points of surface so that the laser can recognize them. V-scope analysis o Tool for measurement and recording the motion of bodies in 1-D,2-D, and 3-D o Tracking technology: Emit infrared signal trigger ultrasonic. Response signal o Components: Towers, Buttons, Micro computer o The principle of measurement: each tower sends an infrared signal, a button activated the button beeps; Given the speed of sound, the time it takes for the beep can be converted into distance.

Method
The students should work in groups of 3 all taking a turn at the 3 roles: Subject the person being measured. Anthropometrist (measurer) the person doing the measuring Recorder the person writing down the measurements.

When a student is the anthropometrist, they should complete all of the measurements in the order that is on the worksheet. When they have taken the measurement, they call out to the recorder, who then repeats what was said and writes it down.

For example, the anthropometrist says, twenty two point zero centimetres, and the recorder repeats, twenty two point zero centimetres and writes it down on the subjects worksheet. 2

Dr MBA - Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya University

After the anthropometrist has completed one round of all of the measurements, they repeat them all again from the beginning. The recorders do NOT tell the anthropometrist if their second measurement is close or far apart from their first measurement. If the second measurement is a lot different (1cm or greater difference) than the first measurement, the anthropometrist should do a third measure after they have completed the second round of measurements.

Some Anthropometric Points

1. Vertex (the topmost point nof the head). 2. Opisthocranion (the point on the occiput farthest from the glabella; has no fixed anatomical locus) 3. Glabella (the glabellar point, the most projecting point in the midline between the two eyebrows) 4. Euryon 5. Zygion 6. Gonion (the angel, difficult to find precisely) 7. Acromion (the most lateral parts of the lateral borders of acromia) 8. Radiale 9. Stylion (the styloid point, the tip of processus styloideus) 10. Iliospinale, (the position of the spine SIAS - which is most projecting when sought from below (not from in front) 11. Iliocristale (the most lateral point of the iliac crests, crista iliaca, as found on the skin)) 12. Tibiale (the tibial point, corresepondens to the medial extremity of the interline of the knee, more precisely to the upper and medial border of the tibial condyle, which is situated practically at the level of the inferior apex of the patella) 13. Sphyrion (the malleolar point, the lowest point of the medial malleolus).

Dr MBA - Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya University

Dr MBA - Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya University

Dr MBA - Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya University

Dr MBA - Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya University

Some of Anthropomeric Measurements

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. The stature (overall height) = Basis-vertex (Ba-v) Acromial height (Ba-a) Radial height (Ba-r) basisradiale Styloid height (Ba-sty) basisstylion Iliospinal height (Ba-is) basis-iliospinale Tibial height (Ba-ti) basis-tibiale Medial Malleolar height (Ba-sph) basis-sphyrion Upper arm length (a-r) acromion-radiale Lower arm length (r-sty) radiale-stylion Thigh length (is-t) iliospinale-tibiale Crural length (t- sph) tibiale-sphyrion Biacromial breadth, diameter biacromialis (a-a) Bicristal breadth, diameter bicriatalis (ic-ic) cristailiaca-cristailiaca Maximun head length (g-op) glabella- ophistrocranion Maximal head breadth (eu-eu) Bizygomatic breadth, diameter bizygomatica (zy-zy) Bigonial width, diameter bigonialis (go-go)