Beruflich Dokumente
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Dslab
Skew Angle Overall Span Overall Span in skew direction Clear Carriageway Width of Solid Slab L Lskew Bcw Wsolid
0 degrees 10.000 m 10.000 m 7.550 m 10.50 m 10.500 m 0.8 m 2.4 t/m3 1.0 t/m
Width of Solid Slab in skew direction Wsolid skew Depth of Solid Slab Unit weight of concrete Weight of Crash barrier DEAD LOAD CALCULATION Dead Load Total weight (10.5*10*0.8*2.4) of deck slab S.I.D.L. Span = 10.000 m Width of the Carraige-way= (1.0*10) (1.0*10) (0.5*10) = = = Dslab wcon wrail
201.6 t
7.55 m 10.00 t 10.00 t 5.00 t 15.10 t 40.10 t = 241.70 T 253.79 T 126.895 T 127 T
Superimposed dead load from Crash-Barrier= Superimposed dead load from Crash-Barrier= Superimposed dead load from Railing =
Superimposed dead load from Wearing Coat = Total SIDL Total dead load+sidl reaction = For design of substructure increasing by 5% =
= = Say=
SALIENT FEATURES
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Total Length of the Bridge Span Arrangement Overall Width of Superstructure Type of Superstructure Depth of Superstructure Type of Bearings Type of Substructure Abutment 8) Type of Foundations Abutment 9) * * Design Data Formation Level Safe Bearing Capacity Abutment 10) * * * * * 11) Properties of earthfill behind abutments / returns Dry Density Submerged Density : : : : : 1.8 2.07 31 0 0.377 t/cu.m t/cu.m degrees t/sq.m :
2 15 t/m
0.8 m
Open foundation
105.791 m
f
Cohesion 'C' m Founding Levels *Abutments * return wall
: : :
12)
104.991
: :
109.352 113.976
m m
No. of Bearing =
4 Fh/2+Vr.Ltc
[ Lo = (3*0.012+2*0.006)
0.45 m =
0.30 m ] m
Thickness of individual internal layer of elastomer = Thickness of top/bottom layer opf elastomer = No. of internal elastomer layer = = = =
Horizontal force without any applied forces for one bearing, V.Lrc Total horizontal force without any applied forces ,V.Lrc
(286.99*0.0025)
0.72 t
Case 1 :
9.60
0.2
Case 2 :
9.60
0.2
3.45 9.5 m
Transvers eccentricity Transvers moment = Case 3 : Two lane of class-A Ra = 2*25.8 Rb = 2*10.6 Braking Force(for 1 lane only) CL class A(2L) 3.05
3.45*25.8
= =
3.45 89.1
m t.m
= = =
t t t
1.7*51.6
= =
1.70 87.8
m t.m
Case 4 :
9.600m Rb = = CL of carriageway
0.200m
54.80t 15.20
2.60
2.2
9.500m transverse moment = braking force = Summary of Loads Load case 118.09t-m 9.870t
115.8
t.m
51.8 1L class 70 - R 1L class - A 25.8 2L class - A 51.6 70R-Tracked 54.8 From the above 70R tracked case has been considered in the design of Abutment
DESIGN OF ABUTMENT STEM The calculations for reinforcement requirement at various sections is presented here. A standard in house program has been used for calculation of stresses in concrete and steel in a rectangular section subjected to combined axial and bending forces.
8.500 m 1.000 m
= = = = = =
346.46 cm2 390.6 cm2 0.46 % 188.02 cm2 258.6 cm2 0.30 %
OK
( 42Nos ( 42Nos
28 20
f) f)
@ @
203.6585 203.6585
OK
( 42Nos ( 0Nos
28 16
f) f)
@ @
203.6585
Minimum Reinf. In Pier Column Minimum Reinf. Reqd. ( 0.3% ) as per cl. 306.2.1 of IRC:21-2000 Transverse Reinforcement in Pier Columns As per Cl. 306.3.2 of IRC:21 Min. Dia of trans. Reinf. Bar Dia. Provided As per Cl. 306.3.3 of IRC:21 Pitch
= =
= = = = = =
1/4 * Largest bar dia. of main reinf. 1/4*28 = 7 @ c/c 10 mm 150 12 * dia. of smallest bar of main reinf. 12*20 240 mm
mm mm
OK
Providing steel by distributing equally at top & bottom = Area of steel provided (mm2) =
16 nos. 12 f
2 3619 mm
131 mm
OK
Reinforcement in the direction of width of abutment :Area of steel required (mm2)/m Providing stirrups of 16 mm dia. Spacing if stirrups required = =
2 1125 mm
2 legged 357.4 mm
Therefore, providing 12 f , 2 legged stirrups @ 150 c/c . Depth of abutment provided = 1000.00 mm
DESIGN OF DIRTWALL
0.92
Design values :
0.300 m 2.160 1 1.085 t/m2 2 0.603 t/m2 ka = width of dirtwall = 0.279 0.300 m g= 1.80 t/m2
= =
ka *g*1.2 0.603 t/m2 ka *g*h 1.085 t/m2 ka *g*1.2*h2/2 1.406 t-m/m ka *g*h *0.42/2 1.063 t-m/m 2.469 t-m/m
3
= =
= =
= =
Calculation of force and moment due to the effect of braking :(cosidering 40t bogie loading) 2.245 10t 2.79m 2.160 8.5 10t
2.160
Braking force, 0.2*20 = braking force including impact of 50%= Braking force per metre width =
Bending moment at the base of dirtwall due to effect of braking Therefore total bending moment at the base of the dirtwall
= =
1.93 4.40
t-m/m t-m/m
35 500 12 1190 t/m2 24000 t/m2 10 0.332 0.889 175.55 4.40 158 244 845
Therefore providing 12 f @ 250 c/c on the approach side and 10 f @ 200 c/c on the outer side in the vertical direction . Also providing 10 f @ 150 c/c on both faces in the horizontal direction .
6.219t/m^2 4
8.200m L
1 13.784t/m^2
From the design of abutment we obtain the maximum and minimum base pressures considering LWL case as the governing case Axial load = 768.837t Net longitudinal moment = transverse moment at base = longitudinal section modulus at base = transverse section modulus = area of base =
at at at at
1 2 3 4
= = = =
D a
C B 3.8 12.310t/m^2
Average base pressure at point 1 = Average base pressure at point 4 = base pressure at junction-section a-a= Bending moment at face of stem Depth of soil cover above footing = loadings Element B Downward pressure C D E Description rec portion of conrete triangular porton of concrete rectangular portion of soil cover triangular porton of soil cover rectangular portion of base pressure triangular portion of base pressure
2.000m Area factor 1.000 0.500 1.000 0.500 Force (t) 4.56 3.648 4.788 2.736 lever arm(m) 1.9 1.27 1.9 2.53 moment(tm) 8.664 4.63296 9.0972 6.9312
upward pressure
-1.000
-46.78
1.9 -88.879413
Total
-0.500
6.31 -24.74
Bending moment at face stem = Grade of concrete = permissible stress in concrete = permissible stress in steel = m = k = j = Q value for concrete =
-51.57t-m M30 1019 t/m^2 20400 t/m^2 10 0.333 0.889 150.963t/m^2 75.000mm 1.217m 0.584m
cover to substructure = assuming a 16 dia bar,eff depth at junction= effective depth required at the junction area of steel required = minimum steel required 0.12% = provide25 dia bar @190c/c = =
23.36cm^2/m 7.80cm^2/m
25.8cm^2/m safe distribution steel for the tension face of toe slab,providing 0.25*(DL+LL) at the junction = 5.84cm^2/m minimum steel required = 7.80cm^2/m provide16 dia bar @200c/c = 10.1cm^2/m
check for shear deff section 1.22m 1.30m 0.50m 3.50m effective depth distance from stem junction = depth at 'd eff' distance from stem junction = effective depth at 'd eff' distance = tan b = base pressure at effective depth distance from junction = 0.90m 3.80m 1.217m 1.044m 0.961m 0.229 10.1t/m^2
Depth of soil cover above footing = 2.000m Loadings Element Description Area factor Force Lever arm Moment rectangular part of concrete A 1.00 3.10 1.29 4.00 trianglar part of concrete B 0.50 1.69 0.86 1.45 rectangular part of soil cover C 1.00 4.45 1.29 5.74 trianglar part of soil cover D 0.50 0.70 1.72 1.21 rectangular part of base pressure E -1.00 -31.80 1.29 -41.07 trianglar part of base pressure F -0.50 2.91 0.86 2.51 Total = -18.95 -26.15 upward pressure downward pressure
= =
net shear force at critical section = net shear stress at critical section = percentage of reinforcement permissible shear stress = =
summary of reinforcement in Toe slab main steel 25 f Bottom dist. Steel 16 f main steel 16 f dist. Steel 16 f Top
3.164
D 1.000 4.9
a From the design of abutment we obtain the maximum and minimum base pressures
considering LWL case as the governing case Axial Load = Net longitudinal mom = Transverse moment = 961.00t 712.00t-m 99.90t-m 36.8475 m^3 61.4125 m^3 43.35 m^2
Longitudinal section modulus at base = Transverse section modulus at base = Area of the base = summary of base pressures at points 1,2,3 & 4 Base pressure at point 1 = Base pressure at point 2 = Base pressure at point 3 = Base pressure at point 4 = Base pressure at junction a-a =
Summary of bending moment at the junction due to soil and concrete Element no Description Force A B C D rectangular portion of concrete triangular portion of concrete triangular portion of soil rectangular portion of soil Total = 15.12 0.00 0.00 36.77 51.89
Summary of bending moment at the junction due to base pressure Element Description Force Lever arm moment
rectangular portion of base pressure 1 diagram triangular portion of base pressure diagram 2 Total = Bending moment at face of stem = Shear force at face of stem = Grade of concrete Grade of steel m permissible stress in steel permissible stress in concrete k j Q= = = = = = = =
-60.20
1.025
-61.71
27.18 -33.02
1.37
37.2366 -24.4734
28.72 t-m 18.87 t M35 500 10 24000 t/m^2 1189.26 t/m^2 0.33 0.89 175.26 t/m^2
Effective depth required at junction= assuming dia of steel = cover to the substructure = Effective depth provided at junction=
m mm mm m
= bar @120 =
Design for shear Heel has been checked for shear at the junction of heel portion Effective depth = 1.717 shear force at the junction = 33.02 t shear stress at the junction = 19.23 t/m^2 = 0.19 Mpa
ka g b = 8.165
Q1=ka*g*SHt
Q2=ka*g*b
The end return wall has been designed as a plate fixed on its two faces i.e. at the base and on one of its vertical sides.
( Refer Table 26 of Formula of Stress & Strain by Roark & Young ). Height Length of of return S.NO. return wall (m) wall "a" (m) "b" 1 8.165 2.05 Uniform load due to live load surcharge over entire plate "a/b" Q1 (t/m ) 0.251 0.603
2
b1 0.183
b2 0.190
g1 0.573
g2 0.265
(at x=0 & (at x=a & z=0) Mb1 z=0.8b) Ma1 (t-m/m) (t-m/m) -1.23 -1.27
Varying load due to earth pressure over entire plate "a/b" Q2 (t/m2) 0.251 3.729 b1 0.134 b2 0.090 g1 0.423 g2 0.151 (at x=0 & (at x=a & z=0) Mb2 z=0.4b) Ma2 (t-m/m) (t-m/m) -5.54 -3.75
Design of end return wall thk. of end return wall at top 500 thk. of Moment in end vertical Deff return direction( provided wall at Mv) bottom 740 800 -6.77 Ast for vertical reinforcement (mm2) 507 Moment in horizontal direction(Mh) -5.02 Ast for horizontal reinforcement (mm 2)
Deff reqd.
248
376
Vertical reinforcement Earth face Outer face spacing spacing bar dia bar dia reqd provided @ 125 c/c 12 f 20 f 619 c/c 150 c/c 12 f
Horizontal reinforcement Earth face Outer face spacin spacing g reqd provided 300 c/c 125 c/c 12 f
1809.56 mm2
Uniform load due to live load surcharge over entire plate For "a/b" Q1 (t/m2) 0.251 0.603 b1 0.183 b2 0.190 g1 0.573 g2 0.265 (at x=a & z=0) R1 (t-m/m2) 2.819 (at x=0 & z=0.8b) R2 (t-m/m2) 1.305
Varying load due to earth pressure over entire plate For "a/b" Q2 (t/m ) 0.251 3.729
2
b1 0.134
b2 0.090
g1 0.423
g2 0.151
At x = a & z = 0
D Grade of Concrete Deff Design Shear Force (R1+R3) 800 M 35 740 15.70 0.212 0.198 mm mm (t-m/m2) N/mm2
Design Shear Stress tv %steel provided for bending r As per IRC 21-2000(Cl 304.7.1.3.3), Permissible Shear Stress (0.5% steel) tco Increase in permissible stress (d) tc = d*tco
N/mm2 N/mm2
tv At x = 0 & z = 0.4*b
D Grade of Concrete Depth at critical sectionz=0.4b at Design Shear Force (R2+R4)
<
tc
Thus Ok
0.4 V
mm mm (t-m/m2) N/mm2
Design Shear Stress tv %steel provided for bending r As per IRC 21-2000(Cl 304.7.1.3.3), Permissible Shear Stress (0.5% steel) tco Incease in permissible stress (d) tc = d*tco
N/mm2 N/mm2
tv
<
tc
Thus Ok
X 8.5 m
1.800 m
0.75
3
7 4
8.700 m
PILE MKD.
LONG. DISTANCE FROM C/L OF PILE CAP(m) TRANS. DISTANCE FROM C/L OF PILE CAP(m)
1
1.800 3.600
2
1.800 -3.600
3
-1.800 3.600
4
-1.800 -3.600
5
1.800 0.000
7
-1.800 0.000
Coeff.
19.44 51.84
Normal Case :
(CASE A4)
961.00 961.00 712 100
At CG of Pile Group
PILE MKD.
LOAD DUE TO VERTICAL LOAD (t) REACTION DUE TO LONG. MOMENT (t) REACTION DUE TO TRAN. MOMENT (t) TOTAL REACTON IN PILE(t) Maxm. Reaction in Pile Min. Reaction in Pile
1
160.17 65.93 6.94 233.0 = =
2
160.17 65.93 -6.94 219.2 233 t 87 t
3
160.17 -65.93 6.94 101.2 OK OK
4
160.17 -65.93 -6.94 87.3
5
160.17 65.93 0.00 226.1
7
160.17 -65.93 0.00 94.2
9
160.2 0.0 0.0 160
Seismic Case :
(CASE C3)
At CG of Pile Group
918.70 918.70 1307.00 49.90
PILE MKD.
LOAD DUE TO VERTICAL LOAD (t) REACTION DUE TO LONG. MOMENT (t) REACTION DUE TO TRAN. MOMENT (t) TOTAL REACTON IN PILE(t) Maxm. Reaction in Pile Min. Reaction in Pile
1
153.1 121.0 3.5 278 = =
2
153.1 121.0 -3.5 271 278 t 29 t
3
153.1 -121.0 3.5 36 OK OK
4
153.1 -121.0 -3.5 29
5
153.1 121.0 0.0 274
7
153.1 -121.0 0.0 32
9
153.1 0.0 0.0 153
Maximum Reaction on Pile for which pile cap is designed , Maximum Reaction on Pile for which pile cap is designed , Maximum Reaction on Pile for which pile cap is designed , Maximum Reaction on Pile for which pile cap is designed ,
R1 R2 R5 R3
= = = =
5.100
3.600 m
8.700 m 2.050 m 1.300 m Pile Reaction = 678 t 0.100 m -0.650 m Pile Reaction = 334 t
50.0
Tor. Moment
Torsion
931.7
= =
0.0
0.0
931.7 t-m
(931.7/8.700)
0.0
= =
107.1
0.50 0.0 1.20 0.00 9.08
0.0
Avg. height of soil on pile cap Avg. height of water on pile cap Bending moment due to soil Bending moment due to water Bending moment due self wt. of pile cap Net bending Moment CALCULATION OF DESIGN PARAMETERS Grade of concrete = Grade of steel = Unit. Wt of Concrete= Permissible stresses: sst = sbc = 24000t/m^2 1190t/m^2
= = = = = =
96.8
-0.03
t/m3
Basic Design Parameters: r= m= k= j = q = sst/sbc 10 m/(m+r) 1-k/3 0.5*scbc*k*j deff reqd. deff provd. = = = = = = = 20.17 0.331 0.890 175t/m^2 sqrt(96.82/(175.44*1.0)) 0.743 m {(1.8*1000)-162.5-0-25/2} = = 742.9 mm 1625.0 mm Thus O.K
Main Bar Dia. Provided Distribution Bar Dia. Provided distribution bar provided on / below the main reinforcement Clear Cover Provided (including pile cut off)
= = = =
25 f 16 on 162.5
mm mm
mm
Ast reqd =
(96.8*1000)/(24,000.0*0.890*1,625.0) = = =
Provide
25 f 0f
@ @ =
100 100
c/c c/c
2 49.1 cm /m
Rein.provided
= = = =
0.06%
of Cross-sectional area.
Ast required
0.0 cm2/m
Provide
16 f 0f
@ @ =
125 0
c/c c/c
2 16.1 cm /m
Rein.provided
(1,300-1,625) mm
-325 mm
<
600
mm
Width of Pile Cap = Shear at deff distance from face of abutment cap = Shear at deff distance from face of abutment cap/m =
Pile Cap is checked for shear as per Cl. 307.2.5.4 of IRC-21,2000. The pile cap is checked for one way shear. The critical section for shear is considerred as the section located deff distance from face of abutment. deff provided Shear Stress 100*Ast/bd = = = 1.625 m 17.78/(1.625)= 10.94 t/m2 0.302
tc
Vc
=
24.666
24.666*1.0*0.000=
But minimum shear reinforcement will be provided as per Cl.304.7.1.5 of IRC-21,2000. Asw bs Where, s b fy Shear Reinforcement, Asw = = = Provide 10 Ast provided dia. = = = = = 0.4 0.87fy = = = 1000 mm 8700 mm 500 MPa
Spacing of the Bars Width of the abutment Cap Yield Strrength of steel
Stirrups cm
2
@125
For construction convenience, required stirrups may be provided in alternate layers as follows
10 10 dia. dia. 18L Stirrups Stirrups @250 c/c @250 c/c
+
18L
750 mm
= = =
0.16sqrt(fck) 0.16*sqrt(35)
0.947 Mpa
233.0 t 3.719 m 0.813 m 233.03/(3.72*1.625)
2 38.56 t/m
Maximum Reaction on one pile Perimeter of area on which punching shear acts (taken as the minimum of two possible cases) Distance of the critical section from the face of the abutment Punching Shear Sress around the pile
= = = = = =
2625 mm
0 mm
APPLICABLE
NOT APPLICABLE
= = = 0.16sqrt(fck) 0.16*sqrt(35)
0.947 Mpa
961 t 114.8 t 1076 t 25.50 m 0.813 m 1,076/(25.50*1.625)
2 25.96 t/m
Maximum Reaction on single abutment Self wt. of Pile Cap Total Load Perimeter of area on which punching shear acts Distance of the critical section from the face of the abutment Punching Shear Sress around the abutment
= = = = = = = =
t/m
Basic Design Parameters: r= m= k= j = q = sst/sbc 10 m/(m+r) 1-k/3 0.5*scbc*k*j deff reqd. = = = 20.17 0.331 0.890 175t/m^2 sqrt(0.01/(175.44*1.0)) 0.008 m {(2.25*1000)-150-16-16/2}
= = =
= =
deff provd.
16 f 16 f 150
mm mm mm
2 0.000000 m 2 0 mm 2 0.00 cm /m
Rein.provided
t/m3
Basic Design Parameters: r= m= k= j = q = sst/sbc 10 m/(m+r) 1-k/3 0.5*scbc*k*j = = = 20.57 0.327 0.891 170t/m^2
deff reqd.
= = =
= =
deff provd.
16 f 25 f 150
mm mm mm
2
0.000000 m 2 0 mm 2 cm /m 0.00
= = = =
0.06%
of Cross-sectional area.
Rein.provided
2 16.08 cm /m
>
0.00 o.k.
DESIGN OF PILE
Bored Cast in-Situ Piles
So, we will follow here IS 2911 ,part 1/section 2 No. of Pile Pile diameter Pile length = = = 6 1.2 m 20.000 m
Final check
OK
Normal Case :
Transverse Horizontal Force Longitudinal Horizontal Force Resultant Horizontal Force = = = 0 t 284 t sqrt(0^2+284^2) (from the output - 1 of ABUT2 fortran programme ) = 284.00 t
0.00
= Q
VALUES OF CONSTANT K1 ( kg/cm* ) DRY Submerged Loose sand 0.26 0.146 Medium sand Dense sand Very loose sand under repeated loading or normally loading clays 0.775 2.075 0.525 1.245 0.04
L1 Le
L1 L1/T = =
L1 Lf
0.0 0.0
(From Fig 2 of IS:2911(Part 1, Sec-2)-AppendixB Lf Grade of concrete E = = = = = = (4.72*2.2) M35 57000*(fck) kg/cm 57000*(35^0.5) 2 337216.5 kg/cm 2 3372165.5 t/m
0.5 2
Lf/T =
2.2
1167
t/sqm
Steel Grade of steel Dia. of pile I of pile For = = = Fe 500 1.20 m (3.14*1.2^4/64) =
sst=
240
24000
Mpa
t/sqm
0.1018m^4
fixed head pile, the fixed end moment of the equivalent cantilever is computed using the following equation :
Mf =Q*(L1+Lf)/2 = 47.73*(0.00+10.39)/2 = 248.01 t-m
Reduction Factor (m) , for L1/t or L1/R = (m) = The Actual Maximum Moment (M) =