Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
By : Suwoto,S.Si,MM
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 1 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
NUMBER : 2/B.IP/2009
SUWOTO,S.Si,MM (Author)
36 pages
16 x 22 Cm, 3,3,3,3, Cm
COVER 1
TITLE 2
BOOK IDENTITY 3
PREFACE 4
CONTENTS 5
CAPTER 2. PHOTOSYSTHESIS 21
A. The stages of Photosynthesis 21
B. Photosynthesis Reaction 22
C. Iodine Test 23
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 5 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
SOURCES
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 6 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
BAB / CAPTER I
STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI TUBUH TUMBUHAN
THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PLANT BODY
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 8 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
C. Organ Pada Tumbuhan / Plant Organ
1. Akar / Root
2. Batang / Stick
a. Batang monokotil
Monocotyledon stick
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 10 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
Buluh angkut
Xylem / phloem
b. Batang dikotil
Dicotyledonous stick
Koretks / cortex
Kambium / cambium
Stele
Xylem/ buluh kayu
Floem
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 11 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
Kambium pembelahan sel. Membelah keluar
membentukl floem, membelah ke dalam membentuk
xilem.
Cambium the sell cleavage. Out cleavage to make
phloem. Into cleavage to make xylem.
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 12 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
3. Daun / Leaf
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 13 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
Epidermis melindungi bagian yang ada di
bawahnya
Epidermis protect part that its below
4. Bunga / Flower
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 14 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
Berdasarkan bagian-bagiannya, bunga dibagi
menajdi 4, yaitu
a. Bunga lengkap bunga yang memiliki seluruh
bagian-bagian bunga (benang sari, putik,
mahkota, kelopak). Contoh bunga sepatu
b. Bunga tidak lengkap bunga yang tidak
memiliki seluruh bagian bunga, contoh bunga
melati
c. Bunga sempurna bunga yang mempunyai dua
alat kelamin (benang sari dan putik). Contoh
bunga sepatu
d. Bunga tidak sempurna bunga yang hanya
memiliki salah satu alat kelamin (putik saja atau
benang sari saja). Contoh bunga salak
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 15 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
5. Buah dan Biji / Fruit and Seed
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 16 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
Based process to make fruit, there are two fruits.
They are
a. True fruit be formed by entire tissue in
ovule. Example : papaya, durian, mango, tomato
etc
b. Appearance no be formed by some tissue in
ovule only, but parts flower else. Example :
Example :
1) Pineapple be formed by ovule and sheath
2) Apple be formed from flower that expand
3) Jackfruit be formed from sheath that
thick
4) Jambu mede be formed from stalk that
expand
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 17 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
Organ pernafasan pd tumbuhan ada 2, yi :
1. Stomata di daun
2. Lentisel di batang & akar
There two respiration organ. They are
1. stomata in leaf
2. lenticels in stick and root
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 18 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
E. Pengangkutan Air dan Garam Mineral Pada Tumbuhan
The Transportation of Water and Mineral Salt in Plant
F. Transpirasi / Transpiration
Pengeluaran pd tumbuhan :
1. Gas gas dikeluarkan mll stomata
2. Air air dikeluarkan mll stomata &lentisel.
Plant excrttion :
1. gas gas be excreted by stomata
2. water water be excreted by stomata and
lenticels
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 20 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
BAB / CHAPTER II
FOTOSINTESIS / PHOTOSYSTHESIS
A. Tahapan-tahapan Fotosintesis
The stages of Photosynthesis
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 21 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
There are stages of photosynthesis. They are
1. Bright reaction
Chlorophyll catch light, and than energy that be
chatted chlorophyll be used for decompose water
molecule. It be called photolysis with reaction
below :
2H2O 2H2 + O2
2. Dark reaction
In leaf be occurred the tie of dioxide carbon. And
than dioxide carbon joint with hydrogen that be
produced bright reaction for make sugar.
B. Reaksi Fotosintesis
Photosynthesis Reaction
Sinar matahari
CO2 + H2O ------------------------ C6H12O6 + O2
klorofil
Sun light
CO2 + H2O ------------------------ C6H12O6 + O2
chlorophyll
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 22 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
C. Uji Iodin
Iodine Test
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 23 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
BAB / CHAPTER III
GERAK PADA TUMBUHAN
THE PLANT MOVEMENT
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 24 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
Based its the caused, there are three plant movements.
They are
1. The autonomic movement
The autonomic movement is the plant movement that
not yet be known its caused. Example : cabbage leaf
that contract always
2. The hygroscopic movement
The hygroscopic movement is the plant movement
that be caused by effect humidity. Example : the
process spore box of ptherydophyta that open, the
process fruit skin that open in some plant like jarak,
rubber, petai cina
3. The exogenous movement
The essyonomic movement is the plant movement that
be caused outside impulse
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 25 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
Gerak esionom dibedakan menjadi 3, yaitu :
There are three essyonomic movement. They are
1. Tropisme / tropism
a. Geotropisme / Geotropism
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 26 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
There two geotropism. They are
- positive geotropism if geotropism
unidirectional with gravitation. Example : the
root that grow to soil
- negative geotropism if geotropism not
unidirectional with gravitation. Example : end
stick grow to above
b. Fototropisme / Phototropism
c. Hidrotropisme / Hydrotropism
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 27 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
d. Tigmotropisme / Thigmotropism
2. Nasti / Nasty
a. Tigmomonasti / Thigmonasty
b. Fotonasti / photonasty
Contoh :
- membuka dan menutupnya bunga pukul empat
(Mirabilis jalapa)
- mekarnya bunga matahari
Example :
- Light can effect Mirabilis jalapa to open or
close their flower.
- Light so can effect matahari flower to blossom
c. Niktinasti / Nictynasty
Contoh :
- menutupnya bunga kupu-kupu pada malam hari
- mengatupnya daun majemuk petai cina pada
malam hari
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 29 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
Example :
- Flower of kupu-kupu plant will close in evening
- Flower of petai cina will close in evening
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 30 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
Contohnya membuka dan menutpnya stomata
terjadi karena dipengaruhi oleh cahaya, air dan zat
kimia.
Example : The open and close of stomata be
caused by light, water and chemical substance.
3. Taxis / Taxis
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 31 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
b. Fototaxis / Photo taxis
Contoh :
- spora mempunyai bulu cambuk yang bergerak
menuju tempat yang lebih terang
- klorofil yang cenderung bergerak kebagian daun
yang terdedah cahaya.
Example :
- spore have whip weather for move to place that
lighter
- chlorophyll will move to lighter place.
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 32 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
BAB / CHAPTER IV
HAMA DAN PENYAKIT PADA ORGAN TUMBUHAN
THE PEST AND DISEASE IN PLANT ORGAN
A. Hama / Pest
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 33 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
B. Penyakit / Disease
Ciri-ciri penyakit :
1. sukar dilihat dengan mata telanjang
2. disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme (virus, bakteri,
jamur dll)
3. serangan penyakit tidak langsung seahingga
tanaman mati secara berlahan
There are some characters of disease. They are
1. difficult be seen directly
2. be caused by microorganism (virus, bacteria, fungi,
etc)
3. the attach of disease no directly therefore plant
will die slowly.
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 34 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
C. Gulma / weeds
Penyebab : Phthorimaea sp
Causer : Phthorimaea sp
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 35 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
Penyebab : Plutella sp
Causer : Plutella sp
Cara mengatasi :
a. pergiliran tanaman 3 - 4 bulan
b. insektisida
c. jebakan dengan lampu dan cawan berisi air
The solution :
a. plant rotation 3 – 4 months
b. insecticide
c. lamp and cup that be filled water.
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 36 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
3. Hama Trips pada cabai
Trips desk in chili
Penyebab : Thrips sp
Causer : Thrips sp
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 37 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
2. Penyakit yang menyerang floem jeruk
Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration (CVPD)
Penyebab : virus
Causer : virus
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 38 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
Penyebab : bakteri Erwinia carotovora
Causer : Erwinia carotovora
Cara mengatasi :
a. Menjaga kebersihan kebun dari tanaman yang
sakit
b. Menjaga kelembaban yang tidak terlalu tinggi
dengan cara menanam kubis tidak terlalu rapat
c. Hasil panen disimpan dalam gudang yang
mempunyai ventilasi cukup
Solution :
a. to guard garden from plant that sick
b. to guard humid that no over with to plant
cabbage distant
c. cabbage be kept in warehouse that have enough
ventilation
5. Penyakit layu cabai
Disease of chili withered
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 39 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
Cara mengatasi :
a. rotasi tanaman
b. menutupi tanaman dengan plastik transparan
selama 1 bulan
c. bakterisida
d. pengaturan pengairan
Solution :
a. plant rotation
b. to cover plant with transparent plastic for 1
month
c. bactericide
d. to lead water
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 40 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
Cara mengatasi :
a. menggunakan bibit yang sehat
b. membakar daun-daun sisa panen
Solution :
a. to plant health seed
b. to burn harvest residue leaf
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 41 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
SOURCE :
www.biology.com
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
www.smpn1banjarnegara.sch.id Page 42 of 43
www.smp1banjarnegara.co.cc
www.wotosuwoto.co.cc
Biology/8/2/2009
THE AUTHOR
PUBLISHER