CHAPTER 4 CASE STUDY III ADDRESS: Malvani no.

8, beside Malvani Agar bus depot, Malad (W) DATE OF VISIT: 25/01/2013 Description:
Before commencement of the construction work, plot was empty. G+7 storied residential building has to be constructed.

Surrounding details
The surrounding buildings were constructed on shallow foundation as it was slum area. So it was economical for the surrounding buildings to rest on shallow foundation. Residential houses were present nearby site. Bus depot was just adjacent to the site.

Site details
The piling work was started from January. Total 8 piles have been constructed up to 24th of January. Piling was carried out with Percussion drilling (Traditional bailer & chisel method).

Percussion drilling (Traditional bailer & chisel method)

Adoptable in the areas where rock strata was available at lesser depths. Efficiency is 1 pile per day. Cheaper method as compared to rotary method.

Some important points

Piles are resting on brown completely weathered tuffaceous breccias. Diameter of pile varying from 600mm. Depth at site varying from 9 to 12m. Spacing between two piles: 3 times the diameter of pile. Piles are bored in cast situ piles. Designed as per cole & stroud approach (N.V NAYAK) Concrete having good workability i.e. having slump value about 150 to 200mm. Initial setting time about 1 hour (by using retarders)

 Tests carried out on piles : a) Pile integrity test b) Dynamic load test Concrete was poured by trimie method of concreting. End bearing piles.
The details regarding the total depth of each bore hole and the level at which the rock is first struck, are given in Table -1 below. Table -1 Bore Hole No. 1 2 3 Depth to Rock Top, m 8.50 8.50 9.50 Table 2 STANDARD PENETRATION TESTS Bore Hole No. 1 1 1 2 2 3 Depth of Test (m) 3.00 3.60 4.50 5.10 6.00 6.60 4.50 5.10 6.00 6.60 6.00 6.45 N Value (Blows / 30 cm) 8 13 27 10 12 27 Remarks Yellowish soft clay Yellowish medium clay Yellowish stiff clay Yellowish medium clay Yellowish medium clay Yellowish stiff clay Total Depth, m 15.00 15.00 15.00

SUB - SURFACE STRATIFICATION AND ENGINEERING PROPERTIES The sub soil profile as revealed by drilled holes can be divided in the following layers. Layer I: DEBRIS FILL This layer extends up to a depth varying from 1.50 m below ground level. It is composed of recent loose debris material deposited at the site to raise the plot ground level. Layer II: YELOWISH BROWN SOFT TO MEDIUM CLAY This layer extends from 1.50m to 5.0m below ground level. It is yellowish brown soft to medium clay. It is a highly plastic residual soil having SPT blow count, N, ranging between 8 -13 along the depth.

Layer III: YELLOW STIFF TO VERY STIFF SANDY CLAY This layer underlies Layer II and extends from 5.00m to 7.00m below ground level. It is yellow stiff to very stiff sandy clay having high plasticity. The SPT blow count, N, of this layer is 28. Layer IV: BROWN COMPLETELY WEATHERED TUFFACEOUS BRECCIA This layer underlies Layer-III and extends from 7.00m to 8.50m at bore hole no. 1 and 2 and to 9.0m at bore hole no.3 below ground level. It is brown completely weathered tuffaceous breccia. The core recovery is less than 10 % and RQD is 0 %. Layer V: REDDISH BROWN HIGHLY WEATHERED TUFFACEOUS BRECCIA This layer underlies Layer-IV and extends from 8.50m to 15.00m below ground level. It is reddish brown highly weathered tuffaceous breccia. The core recovery ranges between 8 42% and RQD is 0 - 30%.

GROUND WATER TABLE The ground water table is observed at a depth of 4.50m below ground level.

SITE: Proposed residential building at Gaikwad Nagar, MHADA

DATE OF EXECUTION : 03/ 10/ 11 to 05/10/11 CASING TYPE OF BIT : 4.0 M : DIAMOND BIT METHOD OF BORING : ROTARY WASH

layout, Malvani, Malad(W) Mumbai. CLIENT: M/s RASHMIN CONSTRUCTION CO. Andheri(E).
CONTRACTOR: M/s Advanced Geo-Tech Solutions, Mumbai. BORE HOLE NO.: 1
LOGGRAPH DIA OF BORE HOLE LAYER VISUAL SOIL / ROCK DESCRIPTION SAMPLES DEPTH

PENETRATION TEST, (Blows / 30 cm) 15 30 45 60 N

0.00

TYPE-NO

CORE RECO VERY %

RQD IN ROCK %

100 Mm 1.00 2.00 3.00 brown soft to medium clay of high plasticity 4.00 76mm 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 C.P. 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 C.P. 41.0 13.0 Reddish brown highly weathered tuffaceous breccia V C.P. C.P. 42.0 16.7 8.7 0.0 C.P. 26.7 20.0 brown completely weathered tuffaceous breccia IV II
3.00m3.60m 4.50 to 5.10m

Debris fill

SPT-1 SPT-2

3 3

3 5

5 8

7 12

8 13
GWT

Yellowish brown stiff to very stiff sandy clay with gravel

III
6.00m6.60m

SPT-3

12

15

31

27

REMARKS: UDS UNDISTURBED SAMPLE DS DISTURBED SAMPLE

SPT - STANDARD PENETRATION TEST C.P. - CORE PIECES

SITE: Proposed residential building at Gaikwad Nagar, MHADA

DATE OF EXECUTION : 05/ 10/ 11 to 08/10 / 11 CASING TYPE OF BIT : 4.0 M : DIAMOND BIT METHOD OF BORING : ROTARY WASH

layout, Malvani, Malad(W) Mumbai. CLIENT: M/s RASHMIN CONSTRUCTION CO. Andheri(E).
CONTRACTOR: M/s Advanced Geo-Tech Solutions, Mumbai. BORE HOLE NO.: 2
LOGGRAPH DIA OF BORE HOLE LAYER VISUAL SOIL / ROCK DESCRIPTION SAMPLES DEPTH

PENETRATION TEST, (Blows / 30 cm) 15 30 45 60 N

0.00

TYPE-NO

CORE RECO VERY %

RQD IN ROCK %

100 Mm 1.00 2.00 3.00 brown soft to medium clay of high plasticity 4.00 76mm 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 Reddish brown highly weathered tuffaceous breccia V C.P. 18.0 0.0 brown completely weathered tuffaceous breccia IV C.P. C.P.
4.50 to 5.10m

Debris fill

II
GWT

SPT-1

10

Yellowish brown stiff to very stiff sandy clay with gravel

III
6.00m6.60m

SPT-2

11

12

19.3

9.3

C.P. C.P. C.P.

22.7

0.0

15.00 REMARKS: UDS UNDISTURBED SAMPLE DS DISTURBED SAMPLE SPT - STANDARD PENETRATION TEST C.P. - CORE PIECES

16.0

9.0

SITE: Proposed residential building at Gaikwad Nagar, MHADA

DATE OF EXECUTION : 08/ 10/ 11 to 11/10/11 CASING TYPE OF BIT : 4.0 M : DIAMOND BIT METHOD OF BORING : ROTARY WASH

layout, Malvani, Malad(W) Mumbai. CLIENT: M/s RASHMIN CONSTRUCTION CO. Andheri(E).
CONTRACTOR: M/s Advanced Geo-Tech Solutions, Mumbai. BORE HOLE NO.: 3
LOGGRAPH DIA OF BORE HOLE LAYER VISUAL SOIL / ROCK DESCRIPTION SAMPLES DEPTH

PENETRATION TEST, (Blows / 30 cm) 15 30 45 60 N

0.00

TYPE-NO

CORE RECO VERY %

RQD IN ROCK %

100 Mm 1.00 2.00 3.00 brown soft to medium clay of high plasticity 4.00 76mm 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 C.P. 12.00 13.00 14.00 C.P. 15.00 C.P. 30.0 30.0 Reddish brown highly weathered tuffaceous breccia V C.P. 21.3 0.0 C.P.
GWT

Debris fill

II

Yellowish brown stiff to very stiff sandy clay with gravel

III
6.00m6.45m

SPT-1

23

27

brown completely weathered tuffaceous breccia

IV

19.3

10.7

27.3

24.0

REMARKS: UDS UNDISTURBED SAMPLE DS DISTURBED SAMPLE

SPT - STANDARD PENETRATION TEST C.P. - CORE PIECES

DESIGN OF PILE:
By COLE & STROUD APPROACH Formula, Qap = (CuNc/FOS) x (D2/4) + (aCu1FOS) x (DL) Where, Qap=stress on pile due to applied or allowable or design load Cu=shear strength of rock below the base of pile Nc=bearing capacity factor taken as 9 FOS=factor of safety taken as 3
a/FOS=0.3

Cu1=average shear strength of rock adjacent to the shaft in the socket length L=length of socket (3D) Grade of concrete=M30 Diameter of pile=600mm Socket length=3x0.6=1.8m Using formula, Qap= {(600x9xx0.62) / 12 }+{0.3x600xx0.6x1.8} =1119.66 KN =114.14 t Structural capacity=0.25x2500x3.14x0.62 As, Qap < structural capacity of pile Therefore provide group piles Provide 2 piles in group.