Excelet

Investigating the Height of a Stack of Cookies and Exploring Measurement Errors

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Sinex, Gage, & Beck (2007) The AMATYC Review 29 (1) click here

Investigating the height of a stack of cookies - Your measurements in centimeters!

Enter your data in the appropriate yellow cells in the table on the left. number of cookies 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12.3 8.6 6.1 3.5 2 height of stack 0.0 2.4 14.0 -0.07812

12.0 1.157761 0.926209

y = 1.236x - 0.078 -0.06249 R = 1.000

1.914911 2.903613 3.892316 4.881018

The regression line (blue), equation, and r2 will appear when data are entered. If you don't have data for a certain number of cookies, leave the cell blank.

height of stack, cm

2.393639 10.0 3.629517 8.0 4.865394 6.06.101272

5.86972 4.0 7.33715 8.573028 6.858422 2.0 9.808906 7.847125 0.011.04478 8.835827 0 2 9.824529 -2.012.28066

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number of cookies change average thickness (the green line appears) new slope 0.8 increase 0.989 8 decrease

Using the regression equation from the graph, the following can be calculated: enter number of cookies = measured stack height = 20 50 predicted height of stack = predicted number of cookies = 24.6 40.5

Sinex, Gage, & Beck (2007)

Investigating the height of a stack of cookies

average cookie thickness = number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 slope: intercept: r2: height 0.0 1.2 2.5 3.7 5.0 6.2 7.4 8.7 9.9 11.2 12.4 1.24 0.00 1.000 constant proportional error 1.2 2.5 3.7 5.0 6.2 7.4 8.7 9.9 11.2 12.4 13.6 1.24 1.24 -error 0.0 1.5 3.1 4.6 6.2 7.7 9.2 10.8 12.3 13.9 15.4 1.54 0.00 -random error 0.0 2.6 3.7 5.0 6.0 7.7 8.9 10.1 11.3 12.6 1.26 -0.03 0.999 Random Error 0.031 31 The actual errors or differences are plotted on the next tab. none some
height of stack, cm

1.24

of cookies of stack

18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0

1.2

2.0
0.0 0 2 4 6 number of cookies 8 10

extra cookie =

1.24

spacer thickness =

0.3

Values for regression lines fit to appropriate data.

Sinex, Gage, & Beck (2007)

Plotting the difference (this worksheet responses to changes from the error types worksheet)

number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

height 0 1.2 2.5 3.7 5.0 6.2 7.4 8.7 9.9 11.2 12.4

constant error 1.24 2.5 3.7 5.0 6.2 7.4 8.7 9.9 11.2 12.4 13.6 difference 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24

proportional error 0 1.5 3.1 4.6 6.2 7.7 9.2 10.8 12.3 13.9 15.4 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3

random difference error difference 0 1.2 2.6 3.7 5.0 6.0 7.7 8.9 10.1 11.3 12.6 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.000000
3 0.000000 2.5 0.124000 2 -0.031000 3.5

of cookies of stack

0.031000 1.5 -0.248000 1

0

0.217000 0.5 0.217000 0.186000 0.124000 0.155000

-0.5 0 2 4 6 8 10

difference

number of cookies

difference = constant error - height of stack

mean random error difference =

0.07

(should be zero or very close) difference = proportional error - height of stack difference = random error -height of stack

Sinex, Gage, & Beck (2007)

can be discovered and corrected or controlled, such as mis-calibrated measuring devices

error can be minimized by replicate measurements - no control over

systematic or determinant or commonly called bias

random or indeterminant

constant

proportional

causes scatter in the data r2 < 1

influences the intercept

influences the slope

Would this ruler cause any problems? If so, what?

10

Sinex, Gage, & Beck (2007)

Combination of errors (this worksheet responses to changes from the error types worksheet)

number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

height 0 1.2 2.5 3.7 5.0 6.2 7.4 8.7 9.9 11.2 12.4 r2 =

constant error 1.2 2.5 3.7 5.0 6.2 7.4 8.7 9.9 11.2 12.4 13.6 1.000 difference 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 r2 =

proportional error 0.0 1.6 3.1 4.6 6.1 7.7 9.3 10.8 12.3 13.9 15.4 1.000 difference = constant error - height of stack difference = proportional error - height of stack difference 0.0 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 difference 0.9 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0 0.000000 4 2 6 0.000000 number of cookies 0.000000 8 10

of cookies of stack

0.0
-1.0

These r2 values are for the appropriate stack height as a function of the number of cookies graph (not shown).

Random Error 0.002 2 none some

This is a new random error generator connected to the constant and proportional errors.

Sinex, Gage, & Beck (2007)

Building a comparison graph

Enter data in yellow cells; points, x = y, and regression lines will appear. Device 1 Device 2
2 0

regression between devices slope = intercept = r2 = #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #N/A

0 0
Device 2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Device 1

This plot allows you to identify the type of error between two
2

devices, methods, or analysts.

regression line

x = y line ----

You can relabel the device columns (green headings) and the axes labels by turning the protection off under Tools.

Sinex, Gage, & Beck (2007)

then select

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