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Chaotic SVPWM Control and its Application in EMI suppression for PV Inverters
H. Li, F. Lin, Z. Li SM IEEE, W. A. Halang, and Bo Zhang

AbstractThis paper rstly use the chaotic space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) control to improve the EMI characteristic of photovoltaic (PV) inverters. According to the operating principle of chaotic SVPWM control, it has the advantages in low costs, simple design and suppressing EMI without EMI lter, the implementation method of the chaotic SVPWM control is following provided. Furthermore, the chaotic SVPWM is also employed to improve the total harmonic distortions (THD) of PV inverters, where, a chaotic carrier plays a key part in implementing the chaotic SVPWM control. Finally, simulation results of a PV inverter with different output inductance are given to validate the effectiveness of the chaotic SVPWM in suppressing EMI and improving THD. Index TermsChaotic SVPWM, PV inverter, Chaotic carrier, EMI suppression.

I. I NTRODUCTION As we all known, with the rapid development of industry, the nonrenewable resources, such as coal, fossil oil, natural gas and so on, has been consumed so much, the problems on global energy crisis and environment pollution have become more and more serious. Finding and developing new energy resources are urgent for human beings. Solar energy is a kind of clean, renewable energy, and it has the prospects of largescale development and utilization [1]. Therefore, the research on solar photovoltaic power generation has become a hot issue. It is also well known that the solar photovoltaic power generation has two ways for implementation: namely off-grid photovoltaic (PV) system and grid-connected PV system. In the past, due to the high cost of solar cells, the PV power generation system is generally used for remote without power area [1], [2]. However, the applications and markets of PV power generation have been changed a lot in recent years due to the cost down of solar cells. The main applications of PV power generation have been changed to the city grid PV power generation and building integrated PV power generation, which make the three phase grid-connected PV inverter become a core device for high power PV power generation systems. And space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) control is a very popular control method for three phase PV inverter due to the advantage on low harmonics in lowfrequency band.
Hong Li and Fei Lin are with Electrical Engineering School, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044 Beijing, China (email: hli@bjtu.edu.cngen.de; in@bjtu.edu.cn). Zhong Li and Wolfgang Halang are with Embedded Systems Group, FernUniversit at in Hagen, 58084 Hagen, Germany (email: zhong.li@fernunihagen.de; wolfgang.halang@fernuni-hagen.de).) Bo Zhang is with School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China (email: epbzhang@scut.edu.cn)

Although the PV inverters under SVPWM control have good characteristic on low harmonics around power frequency [3], [4], however, due to the rapid on-off actions of switches Q1 Q6 , as Fig. 1 shown, serious EMI will be generated. In PV power generation systems, PV inverters, which transfer the solar energy from solar panels to the power grid, have to fulll EMI standards concerning the level of harmonics, such as Class A and Class B limits from CISPR. Normally, high power PV inverters are connected to the grid via output EMI lters which are designed to limit electromagnetic Interference (EMI), and make the inverters easy to comply with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) international standards. EMI lter is to suppress EMI by cutting off the coupling path between EMI source and sensitive devices or components, and it will increase the volume, weight and cost of PV inverter.

Fig. 1.

The topology of three phase grid-connected PV inverter

Chaotic SVPWM control can reduce EMI from the source of EMI generation, which only need to change the control circuit, therefore, the volume and weight almost will not be increased. Further, according to the literatures [5], [6], THDs of output waveforms can also be improved by chaotic SVPWM control. Therefore, this paper will study the EMI characteristics of three-phase PV inverters under chaotic SVPWM control. This paper is organized as follows: in section II, the operating principle of chaotic SVPWM will be introduced; then, the implementation of chaotic SVPWM control is designed in section III, next, the simulation of three phase grid-connected PV inverter under chaotic SVPWM control will be conducted and the comparison of electrical properties under traditional SVPWM control and chaotic SVPWM control will also be given; Finally, the analysis results are concluded. II. O PERATING P RINCIPLE OF C HAOTIC SVPWM The main idea of SVPWM is to get a rotating magnetic eld using voltage space vector. For any three phase fundamental voltage, they can be expressed as a voltage space vector

978-1-4673-0405-4/12/$31.00 2012 IEEE 1213

2 V = (va0 + vb0 ej 2/3 + vc0 ej 2/3 ). (1) 3 The space can be divided into 6 sectors by 8 voltage space vectors (including 2 zero vector and 6 vectors with 2/3Udc length) corresponding to the different working states of 6 switches. The output voltage space vector within one period can be tted by the two vectors of a sector, as shown in Fig. 2, where 1 means switches Q1 , Q3 or Q5 turned on, and 0 means switches Q1 , Q3 or Q5 turned off. V is the output reference voltage space vector, is the rotation angle of voltage space vector.

(a) Traditonal SVPWM control

(b) Chaotic SVPWM control Fig. 3. Comparison between traditonal SVPWM control and chaotic SVPWM control Fig. 2. The basic working principle of SVPWM control

T1 T2 V = V1 + V2 , Ts Ts

(2)

where, Ts is the switching frequency and T1 and T2 can be calculated by V , Ts and c . In traditional SVPWM control, c = 2f /fc , where f is the output frequency and fc is the switching frequency. The running of the output voltage space vector under traditional SVPWM control can be shown in Fig. 3(a). If the switching frequency change chaotically within a certain range, the harmonic energy will be distributed in a wider frequency band, therefore, the harmonic amplitudes in high-frequency band will be suppressed and the output voltage space vector can be shown in Fig. 3(b) [7], [5]. III. I MPLEMENTATION OF C HAOTIC SVPWM C ONTROL The control diagram of PV inverter under SVPWM control is shown in Fig. 4. The difference between traditional SVPWM and chaotic SVPWM lies in the carrier. For traditional SVPWM, the carrier is periodic and the carrier is changed chaotically for the chaotic SVPWM. Therefore, how to generate a chaotic carrier is the key for implementing chaotic SVPWM control. Since the parameter design, such as inductance and capacitance, is based on the switching frequency, the generated chaotic carrier should make the switching frequency change chaotically within a certain range. In this paper, the frequency of the chaotic carrier can be obtained by Eq. 3, where F means the frequency modulation range and xk is a chaotic sequence, which can be generated by a chaotic mapping. Fc is
Fig. 4. The grid voltage and grid-connected current waveforms

the given switching frequency used to design the parameters of the PV inverter main circuit, f generated by a chaotic sequence within a small range. fc = Fc + f, f = F xk , (3)

The most common chaotic mappings are logistic mapping and tent mapping. The logistic mapping [8] can be expressed as xk+1 = xk (1 xk ), k = 1, 2, 3..., xk (0, 1); (4)

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while the tent map [9] as xk+1 = (1 2|xk 0.5|), k = 1, 2, 3..., xk (0, 1). (5) Now, the chaotic carrier can be got in digital way or or in an analogue way [10]. Fig. 5 shows a periodic carrier and a chaotic carrier generated by different chaotic mapping in digital way, where, = 4, = 1, Fc = 1.25kHz , F = 250Hz .

Fig. 8.

The grid voltage and grid-connected current waveforms

(a) Periodic carrier Fig. 5. Different carriers for SVPWM control

(b) Chaotic carrier

(a) Traditonal SVPWM control

(b) Chaotic SVPWM control

IV. T HE SIMULATION FOR PV I NVERTER WITH C HAOTIC SVPWM C ONTROL The simulation parameters for a three phase grid-connected PV inverter, as given in Fig. 1, are as follows: Ipv = 15A, eg = 220V , Vdc = 800V , Cdc = 2.2mF , and the frequency of grid voltage is 50Hz . When L = 7mH , the simulation results of the PV inverter under traditional SVPWM control and chaotic SVPWM control are shown in Fig. 6 Fig. 9.

Fig. 9. Comparison between Chaotic SVPWM control and chaotic SVPWM control

Fig. 10.

The grid voltage and grid-connected current waveforms

Fig. 6.

The grid voltage and grid-connected current waveforms

(a) Traditonal SVPWM control

(b) Chaotic SVPWM control

Fig. 11. Comparison between traditonal SVPWM control and chaotic SVPWM control

(a) Traditonal SVPWM control

(b) Chaotic SVPWM control

Fig. 7. Comparison between traditonal SVPWM control and chaotic SVPWM control

When L = 5mH , the simulation results of the PV inverter under traditional SVPWM control and chaotic SVPWM control are shown in Fig. 10 Fig. 13.

Fig. 12.

The grid voltage and grid-connected current waveforms

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(a) Traditonal SVPWM control

(b) Chaotic SVPWM control

Fig. 13. Comparison between Chaotic SVPWM control and chaotic SVPWM control

According to the simulation results, it can be found that when the PV inverter is controlled by Chaotic SVPWM, the harmonics in high frequency band can be reduced comparing with that under traditional SVPWM and THD of the gridconnected current is improved by chaotic SVPWM control; More important, when the PV inverter is with smaller output inductor, better grid-connected current waveform can be obtained under chaotic SVPWM control, as Fig. 12 shown, and a low-frequency harmonic (around 800Hz) will be generated under traditional SVPWM control, which will increase the volume, weight of lter a lot. On the other hand, it can also be found that chaotic SVPWM control make the amplitudes of the harmonics in low frequency band increase a little, as shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 9. Therefore, there is a tradeoff in the harmonic characteristics between low frequency band and high frequency band. V. C ONCLUSION This paper proposed a kind of chaotic SVPWM control to suppress EMI for three phase PV inverter. The control strategy of chaotic SVPWM and the simulation in a three phase gridconnected PV inverter are given in this paper. According to the simulation results, it can be concluded that the EMI generated by PV inverter and the THD of grid-connected current can be reduced by chaotic SVPWM control; With smaller inductor, PV inverter under chaotic SVPWM has better output performance. VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was supported by the Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number 51007004 and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under grant number 2012JBM096, in part by the Key Programme of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 50937001. R EFERENCES
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