About automatic fire alarm systems research

Huide Liu
College of Resource Hebei University of Engineering Handan, China lhd8866@163.com

Lili Gao
College of Information & Electronic Engineering Hebei University of Engineering Handan, China lili_gao1979@126.com

Suwei Li
Hebei University of Engineering Handan, China
AbstractFires continue to occur in modern architecture,the people's lives and property has brought huge losses. In order to reduce the fire in the building automatic fire alarm equipment placed into a necessity. This paper discusses the automatic fire alarm system, the composition and working principle. The system will be collected through the fire alarm detector to the fire, fault and other signals sent to the sub-machine, Submachine re-transmission of such information will be sent to the fire alarm control, and then start from the controller, sound and light alarm display, alarm and other devices, and automatically print a fire information. This paper describes the overall structure of the fire alarm system, fire alarm control software in the design. Fire detectors using two-wire method to reduce the wall alignment, improve reliability, ease of construction and installation. Keywords- Fire; Alarm; Fault

Tao Wu
College of Resource Hebei University of Engineering Handan, China The fire alarm detector described in this paper uses twowire system, this two-line is not only the power line, but also the signal transmission line. Two-wire system can reduce the wall alignment, to improve communication reliability, construction, easy installation. Each detector with the respective internal address coding circuit is used to provide detector's address. In this paper, the overall structure fire alarm control design and research has practical application value and broad potential for development. II. THE DESIGN OF THE OVERALL STRUCTURE OF THE SYSTEM

I.

PREFACE

As China's economy and the continuous development of urban construction, new high-rise buildings continue to increase, due to various reasons, building a fire is often sudden. Prevention and elimination of fire caused the fire departments and all sectors of society attention. Automatic fire alarm equipment design, production, application will have a larger development. Installation of automatic fire alarm system is aimed at the timely detection of fire, to take timely fire-fighting, evacuation and other measures to minimize losses due to fire. Automatic fire alarm system is composed of fire alarm detectors, fire alarm controller and other on-site alarm component. In accordance with Fire Code, fire alarm detector has inductive smoke detectors, temperature detector alarm button manually, etc. When the fire alarm controller receives a smoke detector, temperature detector, manual alarm buttons or other items to send to trigger a fire signal, issued by sound and light alarm signal, recording the fire of the time, place, and this information through the printer automatically printed out. At the same time fire alarm controller output control signal to start the corresponding control module. Automatic fire alarm system also has a fault alarm, the main and backup power supply auto-switching, alarm display, the system self-test functions. _____________________________________

Automatic fire alarm system from the logical structure is divided into the central control unit, linkage switching unit, direct control unit, fire detectors four modules.Fire alarm controller and sub-machine communication use of RS485, 485 selected MAX1487. Automatic fire alarm system structure is shown in figure 1, Fire alarm detector structure shown in figure 2.

Figure 1. Automatic fire alarm system structure

Figure 2. Temperature detector

978-1-4244-5265-1/10/$26.00 2010 IEEE



The central control unit as the master of automatic fire alarm system parts, it brought the sub-machine, the remote controller directly, floor displays and other peripherals for centralized management is the most important part of the entire system. The central control unit to complete the main display, definitions, fire alarm, fault alarm, fire alarm and fault information on printing-related functions. Fire alarm detector when an exception occurs, submachine of these anomalies is sent to fire alarm controller. Sub-machine from the fire alarm controller has received the start and stop linkage command equipment, etc. Submachines can also be used independently as a regional submachine. In addition to having the system's basic functions, sub-machine can be independently defined, query and other operations. Linkage control unit and direct-control control unit for each configuration a color LCD to display the relevant information. Direct control of all external remote control unit used by direct approach to the management switch.When the remote controller directly received by the external device status change automatically when you switch to the direct control of the district and will provide detailed information on the LCD display. Can manually start and stop the remote direct control of external devices. Two lights indicates that the current state of external devices. Each interaction point have a manual operation key and there are two lights indicates that the control module's current status. Linkage point logic is stored in the linkage switching unit. When the linkage point to meet the pre-set and the logical relationship to delay time, to the central control unit to issue commands to start or stop the control module and automatically switch to control the partition of the linkage. After the control module moves to the central control unit sends back the feedback signal, feedback signal and detailed information display on the LCD screen. III. THE MAIN FUNCTION OF THE SYSTEM

removed, optical signals can be maintained until manually reset. System has the fire of priority functions, namely, whether the current system in any state, if there is a fire, the system automatically switches from the current state of the display status to the fire. B. Fault alarm function When the main power supply, maintenance and power supply, transmission no data or data errors such as failure occurs, the fire alarm control display to make trouble, issued sound, light alarm signal. Alarm sound can be manually removed, optical signals can be maintained until the failure eliminate. C. Linkage control function The system has manual and automatic switching function, According to the alarm condition monitoring personnel may be based on the first state to switch to manual to allow. After the fire the fire alarm control confirmed that treatment can be sent to the corresponding control module linkage information, start or stop the linkage device, and receive feedback signal linkage device. These signals will be displayed on the LCD screen in order to monitoring personnel of the device's operating status, ready for further processing the event. D. Remote Direct control function Fire controlled device requires a number of important direct linkage control, namely, by direct pull to achieve direct control of the function. Accordance with the principle of proximity, remote controller can be installed directly in the fire-fighting equipment on-site. Controlled fire-fighting equipment can be achieved through the operation of remote controller, start and stop. E. Clock display function Automatic fire alarm system has a real-time clock display function, containing the clock chip. System in normal operation, the LCD screen is the time display interface. When the system is running in power-down, the clock is still running. Monitoring personnel can proofread by the keyboard clock, date. F. Status inquiries and tracking capabilities Monitoring personnel would like to know if the automatic fire alarm system, the current configuration and the detection point, control points, the current state of information, the controller queries, query results displayed on the LCD screen. G. Printing function Automatic fire alarm system equipped with a microprinter, in the fire, failure occurs can be automatically printed information such as fire and fault. Monitoring personnel requirements can also print a history of fire and fault. H. Self-test function In order to keep abreast of automatic fire alarm system is working properly, set the fire alarm control automatic

In order to be able to complete the fire alarm controller of all fire alarm detectors, linkage control and direct controllers for normal inspection, and as soon as possible the early detection of fires, fire alarm issued by the function. Fire alarm controller should have a fire alarm, fault alarm, fire priority, detector log information storage and database management, fire fault information storage, information print, fire and fault audio, control linkage devices, standby power automatically switches, LCD screens Chinese display. A. Fire alarm function When the fire alarm detectors, manual alarm button or the input module exception occurs, it will be an exception of information submitted to automatic fire alarm system, the system identified by the repeated confirmation issued by sound, light alarm signal. Then a fire indicator light, a fire sound start. The central control unit's LCD screen displays the total number of fire, fire place,time and alarm detector type. Fire information display is the first fire alarm detector address and fire alarm detector loop displays the follow-up address code manner. Alarm sound can be manually



detection feature for users on a regular basis from time to time for system man-machine interface, automatic detection. IV. SYSTEM SOFTWARE DESIGN

V.

SUMMARY

Automatic fire alarm system software from the initialization procedure, fire alarm procedures, fault alarm program, fire print program, Trouble-free printing program, linkage print program, look for key processes, key processes, refresh program, composed of a variety of display program. Initialization procedure in all the major ports on the device to set the initial value, to determine the serial communication baud rate, data bits, the data validation methods. Be cleared of the memory device is initialized for the memory cell to receive data from serial port to prepare for. Set the clock display mode, read the data into the clock chip to carry out the correct date and time display. Fire alarm procedures will include fire detection procedures, interruption of transmission of fire information and data programs, fire show procedures. Program is the whole fire alarm system programs, one of the most important programs. Flow chart is as follows.

Stable operation, fire and fault alarm preparation, timely, good man-machine interface, automatic fire alarm system, fire prevention of buildings plays a decisive role. When a fire occurs, the automatic fire alarm system to be accurate, timely, rapid and automatic fire alarm system in the liquid crystal display of fire occurred at a time, place and other information to help monitoring personnel to keep abreast of fire, rescue personnel quickly arrive at the fire scene, the efficient conduct of rescue operations. The more information in time to prepare, we can reduce fire to a greater degree of people's lives and property losses. REFERENCES
[1] Shunbing Miao,Guangming Xiong,Yongping Li etc.Automatic Fire Alarm System Design and Research, Equipment Manufacturing Technology, 2006(2), P909. Liangyu Ge,Qi Cong. Intelligent Analysis of office building fire. Ti Zhou.Building Fire System Design, Yunnan Construction,2008(6). Honeywell (Honeywel1)'s construction equipment Monitoring System, Intelligent Building and City Information, 20085(4).

[2] [3] [4]

Figure 3. Fire alarm program flow chart.

Alarm program is used to detect the fault detection and control equipment is working properly, when the fault occurs, the fault occurred in the implementation of auto-repair and the fire alarm control displays the location of faults, time and other specific information. This will help technical personnel arrive in time failure occurred the scene of the fault detection equipment to be repaired.