H k k j r e k Sl e f o K k u f o H k k x

INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT (IMD)

(In the Service of Nation Since 1875)

Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) Government of India New Delhi

India Meteorological Department (IMD) was established in 1875. It is the National Meteorological Service provider of the country and the principal government agency in all matters relating to meteorology, seismology and allied disciplines and provides weather and climate services to different sectors.

IMD's Recent Initiatives and Achievements

of its infrastructure to deliver value added services, which encompass refurbishing and enhancing its Observational capability, Forecasting techniques and Communication facilities. u Implementation of Global Forecast System (GFS) model at resolution (35 Km) at Delhi on High Performance Computing Systems (HPCS) to generate seven days forecast. u Implementation of high resolution regional model at different centres of IMD. u Operationalisation of Multi-Model Ensemble (MME) extended range forecasts. u Installation of Central Information & Processing System (CIPS) at IMD New Delhi. u Introduction of Climate Data Management System (CLISYS) at IMD Pune and IMD Delhi. u Integrated Agro-meteorological Advisory System at District level. u Introduction of Public Weather Service (PWS). u Monsoon monitoring and forecasting services with dedicated monsoon page on IMD website. u Fog monitoring and forecasting services for Palam Airport in Delhi with live RVR. u Special weather forecasting services for the Commonwealth Games 2010 over Delhi NCR. u Installation of Doppler Weather Radars at Delhi and Hyderabad. u Seismic Microzonation study of National Capital Territory, Delhi. u Introduction of GPS Radiosonde in the upper-air observations.
u Modernization

India Meteorological Department

1. Weather Forecasting Services

The National Weather Forecasting Centre (NWFC) has been set up at Mausam Bhawan, Delhi to bring all types of forecasting services of IMD under one umbrella. It provides forecast guidance to six Regional Meteorological Centres (RMCs) and State Meteorological Centres (MCs).

Salient Features of NWFC

? Real time reception and assimilation of multi

sensor observations.
? Seamless software tools for various meteorology,

climatology and public weather service applications. ? An integrated and fully automated forecasting environment ? Synoptic method is overlaid on numerical models supported by modern graphical and GIS applications to produce high quality analyses & forecasts and automated dissemination of forecast and warning. ? Backup support of NWFC at IMD, Pune in the office of DDGM(Weather and Forecasting) National Weather Forecasting Centre (NWFC)

Web based Forecast Services : Weather forecast, meteorological information, warnings, normal etc. are provided through IMD Head Quarters at Delhi and various offices of IMD. http://www.imd.gov.in/ http://www.mausam.gov.in/ v IMD Pune http://www.imdpune.gov.in/
v v IMD HQ

Regional Meteorological Centres (RMCs)

http:// www.amssdelhi.gov.in v IMD Mumbai http://www.imdmumbai.gov.in/ v IMD Chennai http://www.imdchennai.gov.in/ v IMD Kolkata http://www.imdkolkata.gov.in/ v IMD Guwahati http://www.imdguwahati.gov.in/ v IMD Nagpur http://www.imdnagpur.gov.in/
v IMD Delhi

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India Meteorological Department

Forecasting Cell l Monitoring of weather situation over the country l Issuance of short to medium range forecast with a outlook on extended range. l Issuance of forecast for mountain region, sports, tourism and VIP movements etc l Issuance of meteorological sub-division wise weather warnings. l Co-ordination with Regional and State Meteorological Centres for location specific forecasts Aviation Cell l Preparation of significant weather charts for analysis purpose. l Monitoring of aviation weather through 17 Aerodrome Meteorological offices, 51 Aeronautical Meteorological Weather offices and Meteorological Watch offices (MWO).
(Fog over northern India as seen in Satellite picture)

Cyclone Warning & Marine Forecasting Cell l Responsible for monitoring and prediction of cyclone disturbances over the north Indian Ocean. l Issuance of warning and advisory to national and international disaster management agencies. l Acts as Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre (RSMC) to issue tropical cyclone advisories to World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) /Economic & Social Co-operation for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP) Panel countries. l Also acts as Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centre (TCAC) to provide advisories for International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).

Climate Cell l Climate cell provides the climatological information processed through CLYSIS system to the forecasters.

Satellite and Radar Support Cells

l To facilitate the interpretation of satellite and radar

products for forecasting

l Interpret the radar products and assist the

forecasters in NWFC in issuance of weather advisories and Nowcasting of severe weather. l Satellite application cell monitors and interprets satellite products and functions in the same manner as the radar cell. PWS Cell l Generation and dissemination of customised weather products from the NWFC.

Nowcasting Cell l Responsible for monitoring and prediction of severe weather over the country in 3-6 hour range. l Issuance of alert to the concerned RMCs/MCs regarding the impending severe weather through video conferencing. Agromet and Hydromet Applications Cells l These cells are in direct co-ordination with forecasting cell and generate Agromet and Hydromet products on All India basis.

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India Meteorological Department

2. Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) Centre

Global Forecast System (GFS) at T382L64 ( 35 km) resolution has been implemented at IMD Delhi on IBM based High Performance Computing Systems (HPCS). The new GFS is running 2 times a day (00 and 12 UTC) with global data assimilation and forecast for 7 days. This new higher resolution global forecast model and the corresponding assimilation system are adopted from NCEP, USA.

Weather Research & Forecast (WRF-Var) System : The regional mesoscale analysis system (WRF-Var) is installed on HPCS at IMD, Delhi with its all components i.e. pre-processing programs, observation assimilation program (WRF-Var), boundary condition updation and forecasting model. The model runs with 2 domains (27 km and 9 km) at 00 and 12 UTC and forecasts for 3 days.

WRF Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (WRFNMM) for tropical cyclone forecast. Run at the time of tropical cyclone over the Indian Seas.

Polar WRF for predicting weather conditions over Antarctica (Maitri), implemented in IMD in October 2010. Forecast of 10m winds and 2m Temperature for 24 hours over Maitri region.

Extreme Temperature Forecasting : IMD from beginning of 2010 has implemented extreme temperature (Maximum & Minimum) deterministic forecast for two weeks and the monthly probability forecast of extreme temperatures using the ensemble members of coupled model outputs.
Forecast maximum temperature (0C) anomaly Based on 08 Apr 2010, valid for 12-18 Apr 2010 Forecast minimum temperature (0C) anomaly Based on 30 Dec 2010, valid for 3-9 Jan 2011 Porbability (%) of Below Normal Maximum Temp Valid for December 2010 (Based on Nov. 2010) Porbability (%) of Below Normal Minimum Temp Valid for December 2010 (Based on Nov. 2010)

In the Service of Nation Since 1875

India Meteorological Department

3. Nowcasting
Nowcasting falls under the category of weather forecasting valid for very short duration (say upto 6 hours). The venue specific forecasts based on meso-scale model with the assimilation of Delhi Doppler Weather Radar Observation was implemented to support weather forecast system for Delhi Commonwealth Games 2010. Different nowcast products are given here :

NOWCAST SYSTEM - SWIRLS (Based on Delhi Radar Data)

Location Specific Meteograms (WRF-VAR at 3 KM Resolution)

NOWCAST SYSTEM -WDSSII (Based on Delhi Radar Data)

MESOSCALE MODEL ARPS (with DWR assimilation)

4. Meteorological Telecommunication
Telecommunication Division of IMD provides the support function needed for meteorological data and processed products to the users, both on national and international level. Since its inception in 1969, IMD maintains an extensive telecommunication network for speedy collection of meteorological information, both basic data and processed products, all over the globe. The main telecommunication hub of the IMD's telecommunication network is located at New Delhi. It is now termed the National Meteorological Telecommunication Centre (NMTC).

? New Delhi is a Regional Telecommunication Hub (RTH) on the Main Telecommunication Network (MTN)
? The National

connecting the two World Meteorological Centres, Moscow directly and Washington via Tokyo. Meteorological Telecommunication Network (NMTN) is designed to collect observational data and to receive and distribute meteorological information on a national level through 19 collection centers (which are either Meteorological Centers at the State Capitals or Regional Meteorological Centres).

In the Service of Nation Since 1875

India Meteorological Department

5. Integrated Data Processing and Communication Systems

This is focused on core (critical) information systems and integration of all new components into a comprehensive single system, which includes following major components : TRANSMET, Central Information & Processing System (CIPS), CLISYS, SYNERGIE and Public Weather System (PWS). TRANSMET -Is the new central node of IMD national & international telecommunications. ? Information & Processing System (CIPS)- To handle, manage, store, process and archive all data received from international and national observation networks, NWP models, products from INSAT & Kalpana Satellites, and DWR network. Climate Data Management System (CLISYS)- Systematically gathers weather observations in India, quality ? control, manage, analyze and disseminate in electronic form. SYNERGIE- It integrates all the meteorological data (in WMO recommended formats) into the same system and ? allow the forecasters to use and/or combine any type of data at any step of his work. Public Weather System (PWS)? ? Metofactory- it allows IMD to deliver automatically to their end-users the meteorological products and services they need in the right format and at the right time ? TV system- To communicate the forecast and the weather situation to public Central ?
? Visumet- A user friendly graphical format display system for displaying different weather phenomenon,

forecast, satellite, Radar images etc.

In the Service of Nation Since 1875

India Meteorological Department

6. Surface and Upper Air Observations

l One of the mandates of IMD is to take meteorological observations on real time basis and to provide current &

past observations for operational and research use.

l Surface Observatories are located almost one in each district (559 observatories) so as to meet the requirements of

agricultural, transport and other operations. l Under the ongoing modernization program of IMD, it is planned to establish a network of 1000 Automatic Weather Station (AWS) and 3600 Automatic Rain Gauge Stations (ARG) across the county in a phased manner. l In addition to the meteorological observatories, instruments are also placed in the Airports for measuring Runway Visual Range (RVR). Installed ARGs RVR equipment Installed AWSs

Upgradation in the Upper Air Observing System IMD's Upper air observational network comprises 39 radiosonde and 62 pilot balloon observatories spread all over the country. New GPS based sounding systems have been introduced in the observational network for the upper air observations at 10 locations. The GPS radiosonde operates in 1680 MHz and has digital architecture. It uses GPS to provide the location of the sonde during the ascent and hence is used to derive the wind speed and wind direction. An MoU was signed between Society for Advance Microwave Electronics Engineering and Research (SAMEER), a Society under Ministry of Communication and Information Technology and IMD, in May 2007 for exploring the possibilities of indigenous development of various instruments to up-grade the upper air observational capabilities of IMD. Semi Automation of the Pilot Balloon Computation System : The computation system at all the 62 Pilot Balloon Observatories has been upgraded to semiautomatic type by deployment of the Hand Held Computation System. This is very user friendly menu driven system, saves the time, data quality checks are applied and data availability is in near real time to the forecasters. The data is now being archived in digital format.
Indigenous GPS sonde ground receiving antenna Semi automation of the Pilot Balloon Computation System

Indigenous Software for data acquisition

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India Meteorological Department

7. Satellite Meteorology
IMD is receiving and processing meteorological data from two Indian satellites namely Kalpana-1 and INSAT-3A. Kalpana-1 was launched on 12th September, 2002 and is located at 740 E. INSAT-3A was launched on 10th April, 2003 0 and is located at 93.5 E. Kalpana-1 and INSAT-3A both have three channel Very High Resolution Radiometer (VHRR) for imaging the Earth in Visible (0.55-0.75 m), Infra-Red (10.5-12.5m) and Water vapour (5.7-7.1m) channels having resolution of 2X2 kms. in visible and 8X8 kms. in WV and IR channels. In addition the INSAT-3A has a three channel Charge Coupled Device payload for imaging the earth in Visible (0.62-0.69m), Near Infra Red (0.77-0.86m) and Short Wave Infra Red (1.55-1.77m) bands of Spectrum. The Resolution of CCD payload in all the three channels is 1 Km 1 Km. At present about 48 nos. of satellite images are taken daily from Kalpana-1 which is the main operational satellite and 9 images are taken from INSAT-3A. Imaging from CCD is done 5 times during daytime only. All the received data from the satellite is processed and archived in National Satellite Data Centre (NSDC), New Delhi. (http://www.imd.gov.in/section/satmet/dynamic/insat.htm)
Sea Surface Temperature Land Surface Emissivity

Quantitative Satellite Products

l Sea surface Temperatures (SSTs) l Outgoing Longwave Radiation(OLR) l Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (QPEs) l Cloud motion vectors (CMVs) l Water vapor winds (WVWs)

v A Products catalog for NOAA/MODIS

satellites payloads was also prepared and posted on IMD main website for use of forecasters and researchers.
v Recently three Ground receiving and

Atmospheric moisture profile

Fog detection

processing systems for NOAA/METOP and MODIS Polar orbiting satellites were installed at IMD New Delhi, RMC Chennai and at RMC Guwahati.
v The OCEANSAT-2 Satellite of ISRO
Outgoing Longwave Radiation (Jun-Sep, 2010)

became available for operational use from July 2010. The Sat. Met. Division has undertaken projects with SAC (ISRO) utilizing the OCEANSAT -2 data for Tropical Cyclone genesis and use of data in NWP models.

Ocean surface wind

Kalpana's WVW

Normalised DifferenceVegetation Index

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India Meteorological Department

INSAT-3D Earth Station and IMD's readiness ? A new Earth station for receiving the data from INSAT-3D was installed at IMD New Delhi. It accomplishes IMD's readiness for INSAT 3D satellite to be launched soon by ISRO. ? The satellite will have a 6 channels imager and a 19 channels sounder with 1 Km resolution imagery in visible band, 4 Km in IR band and 8 Km in water vapor channel. ? In addition to satellite imagery in six channels several new derived products along with the vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature, moisture and ozone will be available after processing the data from INSAT-3D.

Modernization of Cyclone Warning Dissemination System Modified Cyclone Warning Dissemination System (CWDS) to replace the existing network of CWDS is under process. Implementation of this will make Cyclone Warning on one of the DTH television channels.

8. RADAR Meteorology
v Basically used for Nowcasting and very short range weather forecasting v A Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) provides velocity and spectrum width data (in addition to reflectivity). This

capability permits the forecaster to view weather events like thunderstorms, hailstorm, heavy rainfall etc in greater detail. v DWR provides various meteorological, hydrological and aviation products which are very useful for forecasters in estimating the storm's center, fixing its position and predicting its future path. v In Numerical Weather Prediction models the DWR data, which is in digital form, can directly be assimilated, to have better rainfall estimation, better prediction of the storm track and point of landfall for tropical cyclones. v By end of phase-i of the moderinaztion, 21 DWRs will be in operation and by end of phase-ii 55 DWRs will be operational. v Raw data from DWRs is received online at central server and is converted to the format required by modelers and shared through IMD-Telecom (TRANSMET) and also used to create a national radar mosaic.

Existing and Proposed RADAR Networks of IMD

The new DWR installed at Hyderabad

DWR imagery of Delhi, of 19rd April 2010.

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India Meteorological Department

9. Agromet-Advisory Services (AAS)

v Indian agriculture has, for centuries, been solely dependent on the

weather and vagaries of the monsoon in particular. The object of agriculture meteorology is to minimize the impact of adverse weather on crops and to make use of crop weather relationship to boost agricultural production. The Agricultural Meteorology Wing of the IMD, which was established at Pune in 1932, supports and participates in multidisciplinary activities in this field. Forecast and advisories for farmers are issued by Agrometeorological Field Units at Agroclimatic zone level, IMD's forecasting offices of State capital and National Agromet Advisory Service Centre, Pune. Besides, it is also the centre for the research programs in Agricultural Meteorology and has field units in various parts of the country.
v IMD works in close association with agricultural universities,

(Agricultural output is prime for the country economy)

research institutions and central and state agricultural agencies. Agromet Scientists interact with experts in relevant disciplines and IMD's experts to frame agrometeorological advisories for farmers and State Department of Agriculture/agricultural institutions supply crop data required for IMD's services and research efforts. Helps are extended to establish and maintain specialized observatories, provide access to an extensive agrometeorological database and give inputs for agricultural planning.

(Central Agromet Observatory, Pune)

District level Agro-Met Advisory Services About 60 percent population of India depends on agriculture and thus weather-based agricultural advisories are critical. The focus is on strengthening the farmer's knowledge of weather, climate and suitable farm practices in their overall efforts to augment crop productivity. Weather and climatic information plays a major role before and during the cropping season and is helpful to the farmer to organize and activate his own resources to respond to the situation. The Agro-meteorological Advisory Service (AAS) is a mechanism to provide relevant information on meteorological and agricultural practices to improve agricultural production; both in quantity and quality.

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10. Hydro-meteorological Services

Hydromet division caters to the need of hydromet inputs particularly of Water Resources Development and Water Related Disaster (like floods and drought) monitoring / management and it provides services in the following fields viz., Rainfall Monitoring; Hydro met Forecasting (QPF); Hydro met Design; Glaciology; National and International Co-operation and Public Awareness.

Main Activities
? Real Time Monitoring of Rainfall and preparation of rainfall summary ? Meteorological support for flood warning and flood control operations to field units of Central Water

Commission (CWC) through its Flood Meteorological Offices (FMOs)

? Hydrometeorological analysis of different river catchments for project authorities. ? Compilation of rainfall statistics

- Is another important service provided by IMD through :v Monitoring Meteorological drought. v Preparation of Drought Climatology v Delineation and identification of

11. Drought Monitoring

Areas Showing Classification of Moderate Drought (1901-2000)

Aridity Anomaly (17-23 Sep 2010)

Drought Prone areas.

v Monitoring Agricultural drought

conditions during Southwest and Northeast monsoon seasons by preparing aridity anomaly maps.

12. Astronomical Services

The Positional Astronomy Centre (PAC) situated in Kolkata is the nodal office of the Govt. of India who has got the responsibility to prepare the data on positional astronomy for scientific purposes and national calendar for civic and religious purposes. (http://www.packolkata.org). Activities of PAC
l Bring out publications (Indian Astronomical Ephemeris, Tables of

Sunrise & Sunset and Moonrise & Moonset and Rashtriya Panchang).
l Take observations on important astronomical events (Solar Eclipse,

Lunar Eclipse, Comet etc).

l Render Data Services l Work of Popularisation of Astronomy

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13. Meteorological Services to Aviation

IMD provides meteorological support to the national and international civil aviation sector through a network of four Meteorological Watch Offices (MWOs) located at the four major international airports at Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai and New Delhi covering the respective Flight Information Region (FIR), 18 Aerodrome Meteorological Offices (AMO) including the four MWOs and 53 Aeronautical Meteorological Stations (AMS) located at various airports in the country. A Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centre (TCAC) is also functioning at IMD, New Delhi to provide advisory information on tropical cyclones. Services provided
v Supply of Current Weather Observations to all

aeronautical users Integrated Airport Meteorological Instrument System (AMIS) installed at Amritsar, BIAL Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Guwahati, Jaipur, Mumbai, New Delhi for automatic acquisition, processing, dissemination and display in real time of the meteorological parameters affecting landing and take-off operations. v Issue of forecast and warnings on meteorological hazards to aviation:
Landing and Take-off forecast (TREND) Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) Route Forecast Aerodrome Warning Area/ Local Forecasts SIGMET SIGWX
v Web based online briefing to Airlines

Future programmes v Implementation of Aviation Weather Decision Support System at Delhi ( Palam) Airport v Establishment of National Aviation Met Centre at New Delhi v Application of SYNERGIE system in Aviation met product generation v Provision to run MM5/ WRF meso-scale models to meet the specific airfield requirements at AMOs. v Introduction of TREND forecast in all AMSs. v Reception of MET data through AMDAR over Indian Flight Information Regions to be introduced. v Implementation of ISO 9000 compatible quality management system for its aviation meteorological services. v Taking up of the Survey in order to get the user feed back.

14. Environmental Monitoring Services

The Environmental Meteorology Unit of IMD was set up at New Delhi under an agency scheme of the Ministry of Environment & Forests. The unit is now renamed as Environmental Monitoring Research Center (EMRC) in IMD. It provides specific services to this Ministry and other Government agencies for the assessment of pollution impacts from various industries and thermal power plants. Atmospheric dispersion models are employed for prediction of air quality, under different terrain and meteorological conditions. These studies facilitate decisions regarding siting of industries and adoption of control strategies. Measurements of
v Precipitation Chemistry

Monitoring Climate Forcing Parameters

? To establish and operate a permanent network

Brewer Ozone Spectrophotometer at Maitri (Antractica)

(Acid rain threats) v Atmospheric turbidity v Radiation v Sunshine Duration v Evaporation v Ozone (Surface & total) v Antarctica Ozone

of stations in India to monitor atmospheric composition of radiatively active species (CO2,CH4,N2O,O3 and aerosols) ? To establish a GHG Reference Laboratory and National GHGs Standards linked to International Standards. ? To establish a Data Centre

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15. Seismological Services

? IMD is the nodal agency of Government of India responsible for monitoring seismic activity in and around the

country, with the first seismological observatory of the country having been set up by the department at Kolkata in 1898. ? The operational task of the department is to quickly estimate the earthquake source parameters immediately on occurrence of an earthquake and disseminate the information to all the user agencies including the concerned State and Central Government agencies responsible for carrying out relief and rehabilitation measures. n IMD is maintaining the National Seismological Network (NSN) consisting of 55 observatories, which includes 17-station Real Time Seismic Monitoring Network (RTSMN) set up for early warning of tsunamis. IMD is also maintaining a 16-station, V-SAT based digital seismic telemetry system around National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi for close monitoring of seismic activity in the region. ? The information relating to under-sea earthquakes capable of generating tsunamis on the Indian coastal regions is also disseminated to all concerned user agencies including the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad for issue of tsunami related messages and warnings. ? The earthquake information is transmitted to various user agencies including public information channels, press, media etc. using different modes of communication, such as SMS, fax, email, IVRS and also posted on IMD's Website (www.imd.gov.in and www. mausam.gov.in). Main Activities ? Archival of processed seismological data at the National Seismological Database Centre (NSDC) on a regular basis and supply of the same to various user agencies. ? Publication of monthly National Seismological Bulletin about all earthquakes located by the Seismological Network of IMD. ? Periodical training programs/refresher courses in Seismology Recent Achievements v Facilities created for raster scanning, processing and vector digitization of old analog charts at Seismological Observatory, Kamla Nehru Ridge, Delhi v Installation of field equipment under Seismic Telemetry System in north east India region is in process. A new permanent building for Seismological observatory at Imphal is completed . v Bilateral cooperation in the fields of Seismology and earthquake prediction research with Russia and Mexico. Earthquake Risk Evaluation Center (EREC)
n Earthquake Risk Evaluation Center (EREC) was established
National Seismology Observatory Network

in February 2004, as a multidisciplinary Center to provide purposive turning point to guide national endeavor in mitigating the disastrous impacts of earthquakes and undertake/promote specific tasks related to Earthquake Hazard Evaluation and Risk Assessment. n In this context 'Seismic Hazard and Risk Microzonation' (SHRM) provides an important tool. EREC has completed the Seismic Hazard Microzonation of NCT Delhi on 1:50,000 scale and n EREC has also collaborated in the Seismic Hazard Microzonation of Jabalpur, Guwahati and Bangalore. n EREC is now carrying out Seismic Hazard Microzonation of NCT Delhi with higher precision on 1:10,000 scale (Comprises of 75 toposheets).

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16. Climate Services

IMD has dedicated networks for climatic observations and has been providing climate services for more than a century. India specific climate related activities are :v v Climate Monitoring and Analysis Climate Data Management v Climate Research v Climate Prediction (Monthly & Seasonal Forecasts) National Data Center (NDC) : IMD has long time series of various climate data in its archive. Data rescue and data services are mainly provided by NDC at IMD, Pune. National Climate Centre (NCC): v National Climate Center (NCC) is responsible for long range forecast , climate monitoring, diagnostics and development of climate data products. It generates, many climate data products for smaller spatial and temporal scales for the user community like (i) high resolution daily gridded rainfall & temperature, (ii) district wise daily normal of surface met parameters and (iii) marine climate summaries for Indian Ocean region etc. v It also prepares and publishes monthly, seasonal and annual climate diagnostic bulletins for Indian region. Long Range Forecasts : India was the first country to start operational Long Range Forecasts, since 1886 by Sir H F Blanford. IMD issues operational long range forecasts for seasonal rainfall for winter, monsoon rainfall and northeast monsoon rainfall. These forecasts are prepared using indigenously developed empirical models. IMD has also implemented a dynamical prediction system based on an atmospheric GCM for monthly and seasonal forecasts for the monsoon season. IMD also uses coupled models outputs from other centers to prepare dynamical-empirical hybrid forecast for Southwest monsoon rainfall.

The annual mean temperature for India was +0.91 C above average, making
the year 2009 the warmest year on record since 1901.

17. Human Resource Development - Capacity Building

Human Resource Development has always been one of the prime thrust areas of IMD for capacity building and to keep pace with latest trends in various activities of the Department. Facilities for meteorological training at Pune and New Delhi have been recognized by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) to function as Regional Meteorological Training Centre (RMTC) in all the four main disciplines namely, General Meteorology, Upper Air Instrumaentation, Telecommunication and Agro-meteorology. Main Functions of Training Division
l The Central Training Institute (CTI) Pune, which is WMOs RMTC since 1986, is the main training centre for

operational Meteorologists of IMD.

l Imparts one year Advanced meteorological training course to the operational Meteorologists of the

neighboring countries in RA-II & V region under WMO regional co-operation programme. The same training course is also offered to the officials of other Govt of India Organizations (Viz., Indian Navy, Indian coast guard, etc.) and to the newly recruited IMD class-I officers. l Provides training at different levels to the IMD personnel. l Under Continuous Education and Training (CET) programme, CTI also conducts, on average 3 refresher courses per year on the themes of topical interest.

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18. Monsoon Monitoring & Forecasting (Monsoon Page)

IMD has tried to meet long felt need of Monsoon Meteorologists, Scientists and operational forecasters by creating new Monsoon Page on IMD website (http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/Monsoon_frame.htm) from the beginning of the southwest monsoon season 2010, where most of the current and past data related to the Summer monsoon, monsoon monograph, FAQ on monsoon, meteorological glossary, Bibliography on monsoon etc. are being put along with the real time model forecast, bulletins and press release. Hope the data and information available on website will be useful to research scientists, operational forecasters and variety of users. A record number of visitors (more than 5 Lakhs) browsed the page during the monsoon season of 2010 from June to September. Multi -model Extended Range Forecast (two weeks deterministic and monthly probabilistic) The multi model ensemble forecast using coupled models outputs from ECMWF and NCEP are used for preparing two weeks forecasts updated once in every week. The forecast rainfall anomaly based on 09 Sep 2010 and (a) valid for days 5-11 (13-19 Sep) and (b) valid for days 12-18 (20 -26 Sep) indicating delayed withdrawal of monsoon. The real time coupled models outputs are also used for preparing monthly probability forecast once in a month. The probability forecasts based on July 2010 and valid for August 2010 in the form of (a) below normal and (b) above normal probability of rainfall are shown here. Monsoon Page Monsoon Mission Programme of Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) Under the monsoon mission programme, an Implementing Agreement (IA) on technical cooperation for the study of dynamical seasonal prediction of Indian summer monsoon rainfall has been signed in 2010 between the MoES, India and the NOAA, USA for a period of 5 years with IMD as one participating institution. One of he objectives of the mission is to setup a state of the art dynamical modeling frame work for improving prediction skill of (i) Seasonal and Extended range prediction system and (ii) Short and Medium range prediction system.
(a)
MME forecast rainfall anomaly (mm/day) Based on 09 Sep, valid for 13-19 Sep 2010

(b)

MME forecast rainfall anomaly (mm/day) Based on 09 Sep, valid for 20-26 Sep 2010

(a)

Probability (%) of below normal rainfall Based on Jul 2010, valid for August 2010

(b)

Probability (%) of above normal rainfall Based on Jul 2010, valid for August 2010

19. Quarterly Journal MAUSAM

Quarterly Research Journal MAUSAM ? Formerly known as Indian Journal of Meteorology and

Geophysics (IJMG) was published regularly from January 1950. Later the name was changed to Indian Journal of Meteorology, Hydrology & Geophysics (IJMH & G) in 1975. A concise Hindi name MAUSAM was given 5 year later. ? Diamond Jubilee Volume 2009 (to commemorate Sixty years of Journal MAUSAM).

MAUSAM Oct., 2010

Diamond Jubilee Vol., 2009

Diamond Jubilee Souvenir

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Photo Features : International/National Events of 2010

First session of South Asian Climate Outlook Forum (SASCOF-1) meeting organized by IMD and WMO held in IITM, Pune during 13-15 April 2010.

Inauguration of Doppler Weather Radar at Palam, Delhi on 20 May 2010 by Hon. Minister Shri Prithviraj Chavan.

Inauguration of Integrated Forecasting & Communication Systems (IFCS) at IMD, Delhi on 23rd September 2010 by Hon. Minister Shri Prithviraj Chavan.

One day Brain storming session on Polar Sciences Implementing Agreement regarding INSAT-3D Satellite Data (IA-3D) signed by Dr.Ajit Tyagi, DGM, IMD and Ms organized by IMD on 24th Sep,2010 Mary E. Kicza, NOAA, USAon 6th Oct 2010.

CGMS-38 meeting organized by IMD in New Delhi during 8-12 Nov 2010

Major Milestones of IMD

1793

1875

1954

1982

2000

2010

l India has some of the

l All meteorological

oldest Meteorological Observatories of the world. l First Astronomical & Meteorological Unit started at Madras in 1793.

work in the country was brought under a central authority with the establishment of IMD. l First HeadquartersThe Alipore Office at Calcutta, started in 1875.

were pressed into aviation weather service as early as 1954. l First Cyclone Detection Radar was installed at Vishakhapatnam in 1970.

Radars l

provided a Geo-stationary platform for remote sensing of the atmosphere and automatic data collection. l An unmanned Data Collection Platform.

INSAT l

- b a s e d dissemination of d a t a a n d information l Modernization of IMD commenced from 2006. l District Level AAS from 2008.

We b l

Forcasting & Communication Systems (IFCS). l Operational global model l Operational extended range forecast l Nowcasting

Integrated l

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