IC-NRLF

253 EDI

P A

2095 N8 1912

N READER
G,

MAIN

NUTTING

GIFT OF

A FIRST

LATIN

READER
BY

H. C.

NUTTING.
OF CALIFORNIA

PH.D.

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN THE UNIVERSITY

*
,

!>*;
i

.*

"*
.

i**
t*

"***"***

NEW YORK

CINCINNATI

CHICAGO

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY

COPYRIGHT, 1912, BY

H.

C.

.NUTTING

ENTERED AT STATIONERS' HALL, LONDON.

NUTTING.

LATIN READER.

W.P.

*"'

PREFACE
WITH the Primer previously published, this Reader provides for a course of study leading up to Caesar or some Students who are to give other author of like difficulty.
five

years or more to preparatory Latin would normally devote a year each to the Primer and the Reader but the
;

maturer pupils in the four-year course will cover easily their first year the work outlined in both books.
It
is

in

hoped too, that, aside from use in this regular sequence, the Reader will be found to meet the needs of

many
for

teachers

who

are looking for a carefully graded text

supplementary reading or for translation at sight. The plan for "beginning Latin" embodied in Primer and Reader differs from others most fundamentally, perhaps, in that it concentrates so definitely upon the problem and it is of developing the student's power to read Latin this that second in that with general design quite harmony book is called a " Reader," and that in it the Latin-English
;

exercises are

massed

at

one point, with notes

at the foot of

the page.

Teachers using the Reader can best cooperate toward

realizing the writer's aim if each recitation period is divided definitely into two parts, the first to be devoted, without
distraction, to the business of learning to read, the other

being reserved for grammatical drill and for composition work, oral or written. In this way, without loss in any essential particular, it will be found possible to bring the
student along, by natural stages, to the point where he will
iii

247517

IV

FIRST LATIN

READER

attack a simple passage from Caesar or Nepos, not as a Chinese puzzle by laborious effort to be tortured into some-

thing remotely resembling sense, but as a story from the reading of which some pleasure and profit is to be derived. For the development of a system of Latin-English
exercises so graded as to serve the purpose for which the Reader is made, of course no Latin author was available
;

and the
original.

text, therefore, is

With

necessarily for the most part the idea of stimulating interest, and to

and syntax while " the who do not care for (foryet meeting halfway many the first hundred lessons have been made to eign) war," deal almost entirely with matters of American history, the
bring into play the necessary vocabulary
initial series (1-45) summing up briefly and chronologically the main events of the years 1492-1783, and the second

group (46-100) comprising short anecdotes assembled without regard for chronological sequence. Next follow two narratives from Caesar simplified (101-125), an d the
concluding series (126-140) is made up of selections from the original text of Caesar, Nepos, Suetonius, Sallust, and Cicero. This final group, of course, is not a part of the

gradatim plan, but was added that the student might have the satisfaction of reading some "real Latin." The passage from Suetonius (131), chiefly because of its large
vocabulary, will probably be found too difficult for most if so, the intrinsic interest of the passage pupils may
;

make

it

seem worth the teacher's while

to undertake a

translation for the class.

With a view to discouraging the habit of constant recourse to the general vocabulary, a series of lesson preparations has been provided in the form of a word list
showing the important new words
cise
:

in

each successive exer-

moreover, with the exception of proper names and

FIRST LATIN READER

numerals, all words which are used in but a single lesson For teachare defined in the footnotes on that exercise.
ers who are using the Reader as a text for sight reading, the cross references of the notes may prove helpful as providing a means of locating familiar material with which
to elucidate the lesson of the day.

In preparing the Latin text, I have derived some help from the handbooks in common use, but my main reliance has been Merguet's " Lexikon zu den Schriften Casars." I would also acknowledge gratefully the generous help of my colleague, Dr. M. E. Deutsch, who has read a large part of the text and given me the benefit of several valuable
suggestions.

H. C. N.
BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
LATIN-ENGLISH EXERCISES
EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY
PACK
1.

Christopher Columbus

23.
24.

William Penn and the Friends

.

26
27

2.

Christopher Columbus {con-

3.

tinued} Christopher Columbus (continued}

Christopher Columbus (conchided}

Nathaniel Bacon in Virginia 25. Nathaniel Bacon {continued} 26. Nathaniel Bacon (concluded}
27.

28 30
31

The

4.

Boyhood Washington

of

George
.

5.
6. 7.

The Cabots
Captain John Smith Captain Captain
tinued}
.

Experiences on the Frontier 29. A Dangerous Mission 30. A Dangerous Mission (con28.

...

32
33

John

Smith

(con31.

tinued}

34
of the French

tinued}
8.

The Beginning

John
John

Smith Smith

{con32.

and Indian War

Braddock's Defeat
33. Later Events of the

.... ....
War
. .

35

36 37

9.

Captain

(con-

cluded}
10.

34.

The Outbreak
tion

of the Revolu-

Pocahontas

38 Boston
.
.

11. 12.

Henry Hudson Henry Hudson (continued}

in

35. Operations about

.

39
41

36.

The

Battles of

Long

Island

13. Colonization

New
.

Eng37.
.

and Trenton

land
14. 15.
1

The Retreat from Trenton

Campaign

42
43 44
45

Soldier's Courtship

38. Burgoyne's 39. Valley

...

Unrest

among

the Indians

6.

17.

Old Friends become Enemies The Outbreak of King Philip's

Forge 40. Help from France 41. Benedict Arnold

20
42.

....

46 48

War
.

A Roman
his

who

fought against
of Cornwallis

8.

Remarkable Deliverance

19. Philip finds Allies

....
.

Country
.

43.

The Surrender
Washington
Life
. .

49
51

20.
21.

Captain Church

44.
.
.

retires to Private

The Death

of Philip

....
.

22.

End

of the

War

45.

The Father

of his Country

52

Vlll

FIRST LATIN

READER

TALES OF LAND AND SEA

PAGE
46.
47.

48.

The Settler's Daughter The Trials of War The Attempt to surprise De. .

....
De-

troit

49.

The Attempt
troit

to surprise

(continued)

50. 51.

A Successful Ruse How the Town was

An Example

.... ....
Saved
.
. .

52.
53.

of Fortitude

54.

Hasty Leave-Taking The Capture of a Man-of.

.

War
55.

56.

The Fall of New London The Fall of New London (con.

tinued)
57. Captivity

among

the Indians

58. 59.

60.

6 1.

A Fresh Supply of Powder A Battle against Great Odds A Night Attack A Choice of Evils ....
. .

62. Lost in the 63.

64.

65. 66. 67.

Woods The Battle of Saratoga Unwelcome Visitors The Boyhood of Daniel Boone The End of the Pequots The End of the Pequots (con.
. .
.

....

.'

tinued')
68.
. Escape 69. Stories about Daniel Boone
.

79
.

Difficult

70.
71. 72.

An English Privateer A Roman Vandal

. .

Indian Vengeance 73. A Tale of Brave Women

.

FIRST LATIN READER

IX

104.

105.

106.

The Advice of the Enemy is in. A Messenger eludes the Taken 127 Enemy 137 The Romans are Ambushed 128 112. Caesar heads a Relief Force 138 The Enemy Prevail 130 113. The Besieged learn of Cae.

107. Annihilation of the

Roman
131
114. 115.

Force
108.

The Gauls

attack a Second

sar's Approach .139 The Enemy raise the Siege 141 They are Outgeneraled by
. . .
.

Camp
109.

133
116.

Caesar

142

The Besieged attempt to Communicate with Caesar 134

Defense
of
their

Arrangements for the Rest of the Winter 143

....

no. Heroic

Camp

135

AN AFRICAN CAMPAIGN
117. Caesar

lands a

P'orce

in

122.

Narrow

Escape

of

their

Africa
118. Operations about Utica
119. Curio gains
.
.

145

Commander
123.

152
to the
.
.

147

King Juba marches

Relief of Var us
.

an

Initial

Ad148
124.

.154
to

vantage 1 20. He maintains

121.

The Numidians
Strategy

resort

his

Army's
. .

Loyalty to Caesar

.149
a

125. Curio's

Army

is

155 Annihilated 156

The

Pompeians Second Reverse

suffer
.
.

.151

SELECTED PASSAGES FROM LATIN PROSE AUTHORS

126-128.

An
An

Episode from the

131.

Gallic

War
Episode from the

158

132-133.

129-130.

Civil

War

163

169 134-136. Catiline's Conspiracy 172 137-140. On the Eastern Frontier 178
.
.

The Death of Caesar. The Fate of Hannibal

.

166

WORD

LIST

186
199

LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY

LIST OF
Gallia

MAPS
124

The Scene
As'.a

of Curio's Campaign in Africa

146 179

Minor

FIRST LATIN

READER

NAVIS

The above

illustration

is

taken from a Pompeian wall painting.

It is interesting particularly as

ing-gear used by the

vessels

Romans even

showing the rather primitive steerIn large for heavy ships of war.

sweep.
either

two helmsmen worked together, each controlling a single On small boats one man attended to the steering, using

one oar or two, according

to the construction of the craft.

LATIN-ENGLISH EXERCISES
EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY
LESSON
i

Christopher Columbus

Quodam

in

oppido

Italiae

Columbus appellabatur. Sed prope erat mare, puerque saepe ad

ret naves,
5

natus est puer, qui Diu in patris officma laboravit.

olim
litus Ibat, ut vide-

quae e portu ad terras exibant diversas. In navibus erant homines multl, et Columbus mare ipse transturn autem pecuniam nullam habebat. Ire saepe voluit Sed postea, cum iam iuvenis esset, usque ad Britanniam
;

et

Africam navigavit.
Illls

temporibus nautae timebant mare Atlanticum, cur-

io

sumque prope litus tenebant. Interdum autem secundum Africae oram longe navigatum erat, quod Henricus, rex
Lusitaniae, invenlre viam volebat, qua naves circum Afri-

cam

progressae, ad
2.

Asiam pervenire
sailed,

possent.
lit.

Line
F.,

officma

officma, -ae,

//

had
by

been sailed (im-

lit.

workshop. 7. usque ad: all the even to.

9.
illis

personal passive).

way

to,

12.

qua:

which;
could',

antece-

dent, viam.
13.

temporibus: in those
:

possent:

subjunc-

days.
10.
11.

tive in a relative clause of purpose.

interdum not interim. oram: i.e. litus (ora,

:

In
-ae,

translating the verb

"

possum,

some other rendering than "be

able

p.).

navigatum erat people had

should often be chosen.

''LATIN

READER

terram esse rotundam, Columbusque etiam sperare coeperat se translre mare Atlanticum posse, et ita ad Asiam pervenlre nemo enim intellegebat terram tarn magnam esse, nee Columbus ipse suspicatus
;

5est

Americam

interponi.

LESSON

Christopher Columbus {Continued)

Interim Henricus rex mortuus erat.

in

Columbus tamen

Lusitaniam profectus

est,

ut regl turn ibi

;

regnum

obti-

aperiret sed pecuniam, quam peteEx Lusitania igitur in Hispaniam n5lebat rex. dare bat, ubi rex Ferdinandus Isabellaque belfecit loiter Columbus

nenti consilium

suum
;

15

lum cum Mauris gerebant, nee quisquam advenam libenter audiebat. Itaque ille, ubi cognovit regem et reginam nolle ea f acere quae speraverat, ad Galliam versus profectus est cum autem montes translret, nuntius est consecutus, qul dixit velle iam Isabellam parare naves pecuniamque dare. Qua re audlta, Columbus laetus rediit, nautasque validos
;

quaerere coepit; sed paene omnes, perlculum veritl, cum eo navigare nolebant. Postremo autem e portu exiit tribus cum navibus parvis,
20

quae Pinta, Nina, Santaque Maria appellabantur

i.

cumque

a noun.
4.
5.

quidam: masc. pi., used as rotundam: rotundus, -a,

nee
:

12.
13.

ubi: temporal conjunction. ea: (neut. pi.) the things.

velle
:

-um, round, or spherical.

15. 16.

was
:

'willing.

and

not.

interponi:
obtinenti
regl.

lit.

to

lie

be-

tween.
7.
:

gladly, or with joy. Latin adj. is often best translated by an adverb or a phrase.
laetus

pres.

part.

17.

veritl

perf. part,

of vereor

modifying
10. 11.

ubi: (but) there. nee quisquam arid nobody.

:

be translated as a present, the Latin use being somewhat

to

inexact.

FIRST LATIN

READER

paucos dies navigasset, ad msulas quasdam pervenit, in quibus inveniuntur plurimae aves, quarum cantus est pulTurn per ignotum mare fortiter progressus est. cherrimus.

LESSON

Christopher Columbus (Continued)

multa milia passuum Columbus navigasset neque 5terram vidisset ullam, nautae vehementer timere coeperunt, quod multa audiverant de navibus, quae longe per

Cum

mare Atlanticum progressae domum numquam postea rediin Hispaniam igitur' statim redire volebant, dux erant tamen noluit. Quare ill! primo habuerunt in animo Co10 lumbum etiam in mare iacere postremo autem eorum
;

a duce mltigatl sunt. Olim nauta quidam credebat se terram videre, et omnes gaudebant nubem autem viderat ille, non terram. Sed

animi

Iratl

15

paucis post diebus ramum invenerunt et bacas in marl natantes, ac Columbus sensit se iam terrae appropinquare. Mox noctu ignem quoque in lltore viderunt, ac mane ad

Insulam pervenerunt parvam, ubi paucos dies morati sunt.

laeti in

harenam

egressl
adiit, in

Inde profectus, Columbus

alias

quoque msulas

Gazas tamen inve20 quibus erat ea, quae Cuba appellatur. nlre non potuit, quas quaerebat. Putabat enim se iam ad
1.

navigasset:
:

i.e.

navigavis-

14.

paucis post diebus: a

later,
lit.

few
of of

set.
2.
4.

days
plurimae see neque: cf. nee, multa: many mltigatl sunt
:

afterward by a
of

multus.
p. 2,1.4.

few days
difference).
15.

(abl.

degree
part,

6.
11
.

(stories}.

natantes:

pres.

were calmed

nat5.

(mltigo, i).
13.

at length. 21. potuit see the note

: :

iam
i, 1.

on pos-

nubem: nubes, -is, f.^clond.

sent, p.

13.

FIRST LATIN READER

quare incolas earum insularum, quas Indos appellavit.
;

Asiam pervenisse
adierat,

LESSON
Indi

Christopher Columbus (Concluded}

iturus esset, in Insula

5

ColonI

Columbum amabant isque, cum ad Hispaniam redquadam coloniam parvam rellquit. mox Indls f ecerunt ac brevl ad unum tamen iniurias
;

ab

els interfecti sunt.

Interim Columbus ipse

domum properabat;

subito autem,

cum

laetus per naves fluctibus

10 litteras,

quas in nullam iam esse spem, putabatque dolia posse ad lltus ventis ferri, civesque suos ita certiores fieri de els Insulis, quas
;

mare navigaret, tempestate maxima coorta, paene completae sunt. Turn ille scripsit dolia conditas in mare iecit credebat enim

ipse invenerat.
et
15

Sed maris violentiam naves sustinuerunt, Hispaniam incolumis pervenit* ubi rex
et

Columbus

in

regina eius rebus gestis gaudebant,

eumque

fecerunt insu-

larum praefectum. Postea ad Americam Columbus semel atque iterum naviRem autem haud fellciter gessit, inopsque pogavit. stremo mortuus est. Etiam turn terras, quas invenerat,
20

Asiae partem esse credebat.

3.

rediturus esset:

was about
F.,

13.

violentiam: violentia,
incolumis:
1.

-ae,

to return.
5.

force.
14.

brevi

i.e.

mox.
p. 2,
1.

ad unum:
cf.

to

a man.
8.

laetus,
15.

8.

for rendering, ubi: there.

laetus:
:

cf.

16.

eius

rebus gestis:
:

in

his

10. d51ia

conditas

d51ium, -i, N., cask. freely, he placed ...

exploits.
16. praefectum cf. the predicate accusative (Indos) with appellavit, 1.2.

(and)

lit.

what?
:

12. certiores fieri

or learn,

lit.

be

made more

be informed, certain.

18. inops (-opis, adj.)

in

pov

Supply posse with

this clause.

erty.

FIRST LATIN

READER

LESSON

The Cabots
Interim vir quidam, nomine Cabot, a Britannia cum nave parva nautlsque paucfs profectus est atque ad Americam pervenit. QuI non solum Insulas adiit, sed etiam earn ter5

ram, quae nunc Canada appellatur. Postea Idem cum fllio ad Americam iterum navigavit, ac multa mllia passuum secundum Htus progressus, Indos vidit multos. Interim

nautae prope Insulas quasdam morabantur, ut piscls caperent. Qui, cum domum incolumes redlssent, amlcls suls
10

multa narraverunt de rebus mirls, quas vlderant; quin etiam dlxerunt se ursas vldisse in mare progredientes, ut
piscls raperent.

Cabot fllius postea omnls in partes navigavit, ac diu conatus est viam invenire, qua circum Europam navigare atque ita ad Asiam pervenlre posset; earn tamen viam

isnumquam

esset senex

est. Olim, cum iam neque ipse diutius navigare posset, dona magna dlcitur dedisse nautls quibusdam, quos forte cognoverat parva in nave ad terras Ignotas prefectures esse; adeo

invenit,

neque nunc nota

navis nautasque semper amavit.

i.

a from.
:

13.

qua

abl.
1.
:

of

way by which
1.

3. qui: he.
8.

earn: the.
:

cf.

qua, p.
15.

i,

12.
cf.

qui,

cum (and ) when they.

neque

nee, p. 2,

4.

incolumes: cf. p. 4, 1. 14. 9. multa: cf.ea, p. 2,1. 13, and multa, p. 3, 1. 6. This noun use of the neuter of adjectives and

16. diutius:
17.

dlcitur

(any) longer. lit. he is said.

cbnstructhe present, future tenses of
in

This personal passive

tion
is

common
and

pronouns
in Latin.

exceedingly frequent rendering varies with the context. 10. ursas: ursa, -ae, p., bear.

is

imperfect,
like.

The English

verbs of saying, thinking, and the

18. prefectures esse: turus esset, p. 4, 1. 3.
cf.

redi-

12. filius: the younger.

FIRST LATIN

READER
6

LESSON
qul ex
et

Captain John Smith

Quod
erant,

colon!,

Hispania in Americam deductl

argentum ibi inveniebant, BritannI colonos quosdam mlserunt, qui castra ponerent ea quoque in terra, quae Virginia appellatur. Quos colonos Indi mox adortl sunt, sagittlsque occiderunt paucos castra tamen
;

aurum multum

prope ripam posita erant, ac nautae e navibus

inmiserunt in hostes, qul se celeriter in
coactT sunt.

tela

plurima
recipere

silvas

Brevi autem erat perlculum etiam maius nam paene loomnis consumptus est cibus, quern colon! a Britannia navibus vexerant. Statim igitur eorum dux, nomine Faber, vir
;

fortis,

cum scapha pauclsque

militibus

adverso flumine

longe progressus est, ut frumentum quaereret, quod incolae libenter dabant pro rriigls quas colon! secum ferebant.
15

Postea dux idem,

cum

iterum

ut invenlret prpfectus esset

viam, qua ad Asiam naves pervenire possent (omnes enim iam intellegebant Americam non esse Asiae partem), fortiter pugnans ab Indis captus est.

LESSON

Captain John Smith (Continued)

20

Postremo tamen in coloniam incolumis reductus, Faber postea per lltora omnia iter fecit sperabat enim semper
;

3. ifcnerent: cf. the note on ea: modifier possent, p. i, 1. 13. of terra: for translation, cf. earn,

12.

adverso
lit.

flumine: up
-arum,
p.,

stream;
14.
trifles.

what?
:

nugls

nugae,

p. 5,

1.

3.

4.

10.

ships ;

quos: these (adj.). navibus: freely, in their strictly, abl. of means.

16. omnes: everybody, cf. the noteonquidam,p.2,l. I. The noun use of the masc. pi. is very frequent.

FIRST LATIN

READER

se flumen esse inventurum, quo Americam transire et ita ad Asiam pervenire posset. In itineribus et dux et mllites noctu saepe frigora maxima ferre cogebantur turn, remoto
;

ignl et
5

baud procul

collocate,
fuerat.

huml

iacere solebant

eodem

loco, ubi ignis

modo

Interdum aquam dulcem non

habebant, eorumque panis fluctibus corruptus est. Olim in eos, cum prope Htus qu^ddam navigarent, ab
incolis sagittae subito ex arboribus

missae sunt

milites

postea in litore eosdem Indos corbulas manibus lotenentes vldissent, incolas velle frumentum sibi dare credi-

tamen,

cum

Dux autem, Insidias veritus, milites iussit hostes arm5rum terrere turn, cum Indl perterriti in sono prius silvas fiagissent, colon! ad litus venerunt, et in harena dona
derunt.
;

posuerunt multa.
15

Quae cum

ac colonis iam factl amici,

frumentum
8

Indl invenissent, gaudebant, els libenter dederunt.

LESSON
Dum
1.

Captain John Smith (Continued)

prope coloniam habitabant, colonorum copias saepe rapiebant quin etiam interdum
flunt,

haec

Indl, qui

esse

inventurum:
cf.
.

would
1.

corruptus est: corrumpo,

-ruptus, spoil.
9-

3,

-rupi,

find.
2.
3.

quo:
et
. .

qua, p. et: both

for

i,
.

12.

and.
the

corbulas:

maxima:
of
turn:

the

various

basket.

manibus:
6,
1.

corbula, -ae, p., for syntax, cf.

renderings

magnus, see

navibus, p.
14.

10.

Vocab.

at such times.

remoto: removes, 2, -movl, -mStus, move. 4. huml: on the ground; locaeodem loco the prepotive case. sitions in and ex are often lacking
:

with loco and

5.

locis.
cf.

interdum:
:

p. i,

1.

10.

dul(:em
6.

dulcis, -is, -s, fresh.

(-is,

panis

M.)

bread.

quae: these (noun), 15. factiamici: freely, becoming friendly (facti from fio) English often uses a pres. part, where the perfect would be more exact, 16. haec these things. fiunt in connection with dum, the pres. indie, is rendered as an imperfect. 17. rapiebant: would steal; a common meaning of the impf. indie.
.
:

FIRST LATIN READER

arma quoque e colonia rapta sunt, donee unus ex Indis, qui ea tractare nesciebat, ita ipse paene se interfecit. Postremo e Britannia venerunt colon! novi, qui Fabro,
5

de quo supra dm, amid non erant. A quibus domum redlre Sed coactus, numquam postea ille ad Virginiam revenit. per mare Atlanticum saepe navigavit, atque olim pervenit usque ad terram, quae nunc Britannia Nova appellatur.
Ibi nautae, Ioc5 idoneo compluris dies morati, pisces ceperunt multos, quos sale condltos postea in Britanniam

10

reportaverunt.

Interim dux parva in scapha multa milia

litus

passuum secundum
ab incolls emebat.
Qui,

progressus,

frumentum pellesque
vellet,

cum demum

in

Britanniam redlre

Indos com-

15

pluris in naves accepit ac est perventum omnesque

secum domum reduxit Quo ubi iam e navibus egressl sunt, unus

e praepositls Indos pauc5s se sequi navemque iterum conscendere iussit; turn clam ad Hispaniam cum captlvls
Ibi autem cum Indos vendere conamiserls profectus est. sacerdotes retur, quldam, qui de eius consili5 certiores fact!
20 erant,

ad navem statim properaverunt

ex:

a quibus captlvl

servati sunt.
1.

of.
:

2.

tractare
.

(how)

to handle.

13. qui, cum: when . vellet was ready ; for

:

he.

other
the

ipse
4.
5.

domum
revenit

se: freely, his own self. i.e. to England.

: :

meanings of the word see Vocab.

14.

means "back";
(1.

the prefix re- often cf. reportaverunt

(1.

freely.

in naves accepit secum: i.e. se

translate

+ cum.

10), reduxit

14),

and re(d)-

Ire (1. 4).

7.
8.

quo: there] lit. whither. 15. est perventum: cf. the impersonal passive on p.
i,
1.

usque ad: as far as.

loco

11,

9.

the note on p. salted sale conditos

:

cf.

7,1. 4.

and

down

translate according to the conomnes cf. p. 6, 1. 16text here.

:

(condio, 4, season ; sal, salis, M. ? salt) ; condltos modifies quos.

ii.

16.

praepositls: praepositus,
fact!

-I,

pelles

pellis, -is, F., skin,

M., officer. 19. certiores

erant:

cf.

or pelt.

p. 4,

1-

12.

FIRST LATIN

READER

SACERDOS

Above

is

shown the

statue of a Vestal Virgin found at

Rome

in

the ruins of the

Temple of Vesta, a goddess upon whose

altar a

pure bright fire was always kept burning, and whose public worship was in the hands of virgin priestesses chosen in childhood
for

in the highest honor,

a term of thirty years' service. The Vestal Virgins were held even the consuls yielding them precedence
in public
;

when they appeared

saved,
as
if

and a condemned criminal was

he were but fortunate enough to meet some of them

he was being led away to execution.

io

FIRST LATIN

READER

LESSON

Captain John Smith (Concluded)

Faber interim coldniam

parabat,

in

Britanniam
ac

Novam

brevlque

cum

militibus

nautls

deducere sedecim ad

Americam versus profectus est. Cum autem mare translret, subito tempestas magna est coorta, ac naves fluctibus paene
5

fractae sunt

quare

domum

redire coactus est.

Sed paulo post cum una nave parva iterum profectus, multos dies ad Americam versus fellciter navigavit. Turn,
plratis procul vlsis, frustra effugere

conatus

est.

Piratae

tamen invent! sunt

navigare,
is

icduxerat; qui igitur

Europa ducem suum veterem volebant secum autem ad Americam cursum tenere maluit. Sed

milites esse, quos ipse olim in

paucis post diebus Galli quidam, qu! per maria omnia prae-

dam quaerebant, eius navem ceperunt, ipsumque suam navem longam coegerunt conscendere. Ibi cum moraretur, eius
15

nautae, qui
vela,

domum

redire iam diu volebant, clam dederunt

in

Britanniam pervenerunt. Ubi tamen incolumesque dederunt cum demum redisset Faber, qui poenas postea cum Gallls diu navigare coactus erat. Numquam postea ille coloniam deducere c5natus est.
2.

ad
1.

...

versus:

for;
little

cf.

14.
15.

moraretur:

was
in

detained.

p. 2,
6.
lit.

13.

iam diu:

connection

paulo post:

later,

afterward by a

little', cf.

pau-

cis

fectus:
1.

post diebus, p. 3, 1. 14. procf. the note on facti, p. 7,

invent! sunt
to
.
.

with such adverbial words and phrases as iam, iam diu, etc., an imperf. has almost the force of a
pluperf.
i.e.

dederunt vela :sc.ventis,

cf.

15.
g.
.

set sail.
16.

esse:
?

i.e.

incolumes:

p. 4,

1.

14.
1.

proved
ropa
:

be; lit. what note the case.

Eu14.

ubi: see the note on p. 4,

FIRST LATIN

READER

LESSON

10

Pocahontas

Prope coloniam, quam BritannT in Virginiam deduxerant, habitabat quidam rex Indus, cui erat fllia pulchra. Puella, quae Pocahonta appellabatur, colonos amavit, olimque ser5

eum ducem, de quo supra multa dlxi; nam tracum ille ab Indis captus esset, hostesque eum interficere vellent, regis filiam suum corpus interposuisse. Id tamen multl credunt numquam esse factum, Fabrumque
vaverat

ditum

est,

postea mentltum esse.

Sed frumento

certe et carne Poca-

honta colonos saepe

lomisit,

iuvit, et

quondam ad oppidum nuntium

15

cum hostes oppidanos occidere pararent. Interdum colonl, quorum copiae semper parvae erant, fame paene perierunt qum etiam olim, quamquam libenter equos quoque edebant, homines multl mortul sunt. Turn, impetum Indorum timentes, oppidan! ipsam rapuerunt Pocahontam mensesque multos pro obside tenuerunt, ut Puellam, dum in pater, fllia capta, amlcus esse cogeretur. oppido moratur, unus ex colonis amare coepit. Qui, cum earn in matrimonium duxisset, ad Britanniam cum uxore est profectus ubi paulo post Pocahonta mortua est
;

2.
lit.

cui

erat:

freely,

who had;

noun
it

when

it

precedes the noun,

what?
4.

is

often best rendered as

id:
:

suum

p. 5,

multa: much; cf. multa, 1. traditumest: it is re9.

is

here.
7.
i.e.

the

incident.

lated (trado
lit.

short for transdo,

along).

multl
p. 2,

cf.

the note on quidam,

:

hand over, pass

6.

1.

I.

suum: emphatic position, her own. When a possessive adj.

is
it

15.
17.

prd

as.

moratur:
16.

for the force of

employed
is

for clearness merely,

the tense, see the note

p. 7,
1.

on

flunt,

apt to follow

the

modified

12

FIRST LATIN

READER
ii

LESSON

Henry Hudson

Hoc fere tempore Batavl, qui volebant viam invenlre, qua circum Europam ad Asiam navigari posset, paraverunt navem, cui erat nomen Luna Dlmidia, et Hudsonem, virum
5

Britannicum, ducem f ecerunt. Ille primo circum Europam navigare frustra Conatus, ad Americam deinde profectusest, quod ibi audiverat esse freta,

quibus naves in Asiam translre possent. tum est, multa mllia passuum secundum

Quo
litus

ubi perven-

cumque
10

navigavit; loca multa expl5rasset, postremo pervenit ad Insu-

lam, ubi nunc est oppidum, quod Eboracum Novum appelHie IndT subito adortl sunt nautas, qui cum scaphis latur.

15

portum explorabant, sagittisque hominem interfecerunt unum. Quo facto, dux du5s Indos rapuit navemque conscendere Turn insula relicta, adverse flumine prof ectus est coegit. cum autem baud longe navigasset, captivl e navi se iecerunt Inin aquam, et nando ad ripam incolumes pervenerunt.
;

terim navis leniter progrediebatur, moxque in conspectu erant montes, quorum incolae frumentum copiasque alias
20 nautis libenter

vendiderunt.
for

1.

hoc
cf.

.tempore:

synp.
I,

9.

cum
cf.

tax,
I.

illls

temporibus,
:

explored.
verb,
14.

explorasset: having For the form of the

3,
1.

navigari posset lit. it could be sailed', cf. the impersonal passive

II.
3.

9. 2.

navigasset, p.
:

I.

quo

this (noun).
:

15.
1.

advers5 flumine

cf.

p.

6,

navigatum
Dlmidia:

erat,

p.

i,

1.

12. 17.

Half

(dimidius,

-a, -urn).

gerund, by swimthe phrase nando pervenerunt may be rendered freely

nando:

ming
"

7.

quo

cf. p. 8, 1. 14.

swam."

FIRST LATIN

READER
12

13

LESSON
Cum
flu mine

Henry Htidson (Continued)

inde dies paucos
in

adverse navigatum esset,

ripam egressus incolas convenit, qul libenter sagittas suas fregerunt omnis, ut advenae intelIbi baud diu moratus, Hudso legerent se esse amicos. sed postremo flumen invenit 5 iterum leniter progressus est ad ac sensit se hac Asiam pervenlre non posse. fieri, angustius ad mare rediit, brevlque domum profectus est. Itaque Faucis post mensibus Batavi naves alias et homines miserunt, qui cum Indls negotiarentur ac postero anno dux 10 Idem, cum a Britannia ad Americam iterum profectus esset, mare maximum sub septentrionibus invenit, quod nunc eius nomine appellatur. Ibi menses multos hiemare coactus est. Turn demum, cum cibus iam omnis consumptus esset, nautae sceleratl, duce in scapha relicto, in altum vela dederunt.
;

dux ipse e navi

15

Hudsonem nemo postea

incolumes

vidit

sed nautae, paucls amissis,

pervenerunt: quamquam prlmo fame omnes paene perierant; paucls enim avibus exceptis, non habebant quod essent, donee in conspectum venit navis,
cuius magister eos frumento aliisque rebus iuvare potuit.
4.

domum

baud

diu

freely,

but a

short time.
6. angustius: predicate adj., hac agreeing with flumen, 1. 5. cf. the note on qua, p. 5, sc. via
:

1.

13.
9.

negotiarentur:
p.
.
.

cf.

the note

a high without distinctly comparing one thing with another. sub septentrionibus i.e. toward the north (septentri" Great ones, -um, M., the Bear"). 14. altum: the deep (sea).
paratives

may

indicate

degree

in

general,

on possent,
10.

i, 1.
.

13.

15. 17.

amissis:

i.e.
.
.

by death.
:

cum
1.

cf. p. 12,

9,

and

profectus esset: the note.

paucls.

exceptis

freely,

11.

mare:

bay.

maximum:

mighty ;
perlative.

absolute use of the su-

In a similar way, com-

with the exception of a few. 18. quod essent: (anything) to eat (essent from edo) Asantecedent for the relative, supply id (ace.).
.

14

FIRST LATIN

READER

LESSON
Colonization in

13

New England

Faucis post annls BritannI complures, qui apud Batavos diu habitaverant, in Americam cum liberls atque uxoribus

emigrare constituerunt.
eius terrae,
5

Qui, cum pervenissent ad litus quae nunc Britannia Nova appellatur, impetum

Indorum

veritl,

legatum, nomine Standisium,

cum

militi-

bus paucis miserunt, qui loca undique exploraret. 111! igitur multa milia passuum secundum litus progress!
sunt,

cum

navigarent interdiu, noctesque autem in

litore

agerent.
10

Primd terrae incolas raro vlderunt; olim tamen, cum mane proficlscl pararent unusque ex mllitibus omnium arma in scapha iam collocavisset, Indi subito e silva magn5 clamore eruperunt, sagittisque vulneraverunt paucos. Sed milites statim ad scapham cucurrerunt, ut arma caperent,
hostesque celeriter fugere coactl sunt. Postremo ad portum tutum perventum
perierant.
est,

15

ubi tribus ante

annls multi habitaverant Indi; qui iam ad

unum morbo
quoque
etiam

ad
20

Qua eum locum venerunt,

de re certiores

facti,

cdonl

reliqui

ibique e navi in litus egressT, dis

egerunt gratias castraque posuerunt.

Est in

lltore

nunc saxum, quod AmericanI semper coluerunt colentque

2. suis.
3. qui,

Hberis atque uxoribus:

sc.

14.

ut

arma caperent:

i.e.

to

arm
cum:
cf. p. 5,
:

themselves.

1.

8.

17.

ad unum: utterly;

cf.

p. 4.

6.
8.

exp!5raret

note the mood.

cum

navigarent: translate
seldom.
as a masc.

1.5. 18.
re.

qua

de

re:

i.e.

de

hac

by a

participial phrase.

10. rar5: adv.,

11.

19.

dis: from deus.

colo,
3,

omnium: used

21. coluerunt:

colui,

noun, modifier of arma.

cultus, venerate.

FIRST LATIN

READER

IUNO, REGINA

DEORUM

The chief deities worshiped by the Romans were twelve in number namely, Jupiter, Neptune, Vulcan, Mars, Mercury,
:

Apollo, Juno, Minerva, Vesta, Ceres, Venus, and Diana.

these,

Besides

many minor

divinities

were recognized.

16

FIRST LATIN READER

illi,

semper, quod hie demum e navi egress! sunt Britanni qul postea maiores peregrinantes appellati sunt.

LESSON
A

14

Soldier's Courtship

Hieme proxima morbo aut fame colon! complures perieI lie, runt, quorum in numero erat StandisI quoque uxor. in matrimonium volebat ducere uxore mortua, 5 quandam puellam pulchram, cui erat nomen Prissilla sed, cum se
;

sentlret militem

asperum

esse,

rem ipse

tractare noluit,

mlsit, qul puellae patrem convenlret. luvenis, qul forte ipse quoque Prissillam amare coeperat, loamlco tamen deesse nolebat. Quare maestus profectus est,

iuvenemque quendam

leniterque per litus ad puellae domum versus ambulavit. Quo cum pervenisset resque esset proposita, pater statim
se

non

nolle dixit.

Cum

autem iuvenis cum

:

Prissilla ipsa

de virtute legati eiusque rebus gestis loqueretur, ilia diu " Nonne pro te," inquit, 4< diciStacita audivit, turn rldens " turus es ? Qua voce ille vehementer commotus domum

ad legatum
1.

rediit.

Qul primo amlcum

n. domum:

verbis

acerbls
with

2.

quod: conjunction. maiores as noun, Fathers.

:

residence;

domum
1

grinor,
4.

peregrlnantgs Pilgrim I travel abroad )

:

(pere-

meaning, the preposition cannot be omitted (as in 1.

6)
.

in this

i.e. quorum in numero StandisI: filius among whom. and proper names in -ius and -him
:

12.
1.

quo

cf.

the note on p.

8,

14.
13.

res:

non

{his} errand. with nolle. cum Pris-

have regularly
the gen.
;

this short

form of

silla:
cilia."

we would say "to

:

Pris-

so also some

common

nouns
6.

in -ium.

Accent, Standfsi.

14. eius

i.e.

of Standish.
1.

re-

cum -.causal conjunction ;cf.,

:

bus gestis:
15.

cf.
:

p. 4,
i.e.

15.

however, the note on p. 14, 1. 8. 10. maestus cf the rendering

.

nonne
es
:

n5n
to
1.

-f ne.
;

dicturus

going

speak
3.

cf.

of laetus, p. 2,

1.

6.

rediturus esset, p. 4,

FIRST LATIN READER

accepit,
cidisse.

17

postremo tamen sSnsit non illius culpa rem ita ceItaque paucis post mensibus a iuvene Prissilla in
est,

matrimonium ducta
sumpsit

Standisius autem sibi uxorem aliam

LESSON
Unrest
5

15

among

the Indians

prope coldniam habitabant, paene omnes inimicl timebant legatum Standisium, de quo vehementer sed erant, dux nam fortissimus, libentissime bellum is, supra dm;
IndT, qul
;

semper gessit, neque umquam perlcuium ullum recusavit. Qui tamen non erat crudelis olim enim, cum ad oppidum lolndorum inimlcorum profectus esset hostesque vicisset, tres Indos vulneratos domum secum reduxit, ut eorum
vulnera
ibi

curarentur.

Hoc
15

fere

tempore colonl

alii,

a Britannia profecti, haud

procul condiderunt oppidum alterum. Turn demum Indi vehementer commotl, concilio convocato, oppida ambo incendere colonosque ipsos interficere constituerunt sed rex, quidam, qul cojonos amabat, ad Standisium properavit,
;

eumque de hostium consilio certiorem fecit. Periculo cognito, legatus statim cum mllitibus paucis ad alterum oppidum
20 profectus est.

Ibi Indi,

cum

vidissent milites esse paucos,

el

arbitrati se facile

Standisium terrere posse,

15. concili5
1.
:

ostenderunt

i.

illius

fault of
8.

his,

culpa: through (any) iuvenis i.e. of the

contrast consilio,

18. 18. periculo cognito

:

(culpa, -ae, F.)-

rem the
:

affair.
. . .

freely,
.

hav-

neque umquam: and never] cf. the rendering of nee quisquam, p 2, 1. n. In translation, nee (neque) should always, if possible, be resolved thus into
connective and negative.

ing learned of the danger A literal rendering of cognitus in the abl. absol. construction would often be awkward. 21. arbitrati: cf. the use of
veriti, p. 2,
1.

17.

i8
slcas,

FIRST LATIN

READER
Sed

ac verborum quoque contumelias adiunxerunt.

legato loqueretur, is, slgno mllitibus dato, Pecsuotis sicam subit5 rapuit, eaque ipsum interfecit simul mllites, comites Pecsuotis
;

paucis post diebus,

cum quidam Pecsuot cum

adortl,

eos

otnnes occiderunt.

Quo

facto,

Indi

reliqui

perterriti fugerunt, nee diutius de caede colonorum cogitabant Gill.

LESSON
El

16

Old Friends become Enemies

regi,

certiores fact! sunt,

a quo colonl de suo perlculo consiliisque Indorum duo erant filii, qul quoque colonls diu

loamici erant.

Patre autem mortuo, iuvenes suspicarl coeperunt bene emisse colonos, quibus silvas Indi vendiderant;
turn

novam
:

vlderunt

Quod
15

religionem elves suos amplecti baud libenter itaque mox de bello cogitabant. ubi c5gnitum est, e colonia mllites miss! sunt, qui

fratrem maiorem, nomine Alexandrum, pro obside in oppidum secum reducerent. I lie autem ibi morbo affectus est
gravl;

mortuus
bitrati,
1.
i.e.

cumque postea domum redlsset, apud suos brev! est. Quo facto, Alexandrum veneno periisse arIndi slcas securesque suas acuere statim coeperunt.
.

verborum

contumelias:
lit.

10. patre

mortuo translate
:

insulting

words;

what?

" " by a clause introduced by when

adiunxerunt: adiungo,
-iunctus, add.
2. 3. 4.

3, -iunxl,

or "after."

n. bene emisse
certain.

i.e.

had made
elves

quidam: a

a good bargain
12.

lit.

what?

is: i.e. Standish.

turn: furthermore.
:

ea: note the case.

him.

The
his

intensive

ipsum: pronoun

suos: subject of the infin. note the tense. 13. cogitabant

14.
17.

points a contrast between Pecsuot

quod:
: :

cf.

quo,

1.

5.

and

companions (comites).
cf. p.

5.

quo:

12,
:

1.

14.

6.
cf.

nee diutius

and no longer ;
1.

gravl modifying morbo. suos as noun, his own people. 19. acuere: acuo, 3, acui, acutus,

the note on p. 17,

8.

caede:

a massacre.

This proceeding, sharpen. of course, portended war.

FIRST LATIN

READER

SECURES ET SICA

ancient battle-axes are shown above, one complete, the other lacking a handle. The dagger was found in a tomb in
Etruria.

Two

20

FIRST LATIN
Turn

READER

oppidan! alterum fratrem, qui Philippus appellabatur, ad coloniam deduxerunt, eumque coegerunt

demum

arma omnia tradere, quae ipse comitesque f erebant nee vero dlmiserunt hominem, donee pollicitus est se reliqua quoque arma traditurum, quae domi Indi habebant.
;

LESSON

17

The Outbreak of King Philip's

War

Iratus

Philippus, qui patre et fratre mortuis iam ipse rex erat, domum profectus, Indos ad arma vocavit. Qui eum
;

libenter secuti sunt

quln etiam olim quendam clvem

regis consilia colonis prodiderat.

suum

10

quod Complura iam erant colonorum oppida; sed Indi prlmo tantum vlllls admoverunt ignis bovesque rapuerunt nam,
interfecerunt,
:

a sacerdotibus moniti, hominem occidere nullum ausi sunt, donee a colonis Onus ex ipsorum numero vulneratus est.
J

Turn demum, omnibus oppidis oppugnatis, caedes maxima 5est facta, ac col5ni miseri, alii cum aquam peterent, alii

cum

vlllls in

oppida fugerent, tmdique occisl sunt.

Olim

hostes,

cum

in castellum

quoddam impetum

fecis-

sent sagittasque ardentes mlsissent in tectum, postremo ipsi quoque castello ignem admovere conati sunt. Qua re

2oanimadv
4. 5.

ersa, colon!, qui se fortiter

the

multas horas defendeipsorum: their own.

alii.
.

hominem:

man.

13.

domi

traditurum: esse. sc. at home ; for the case, cf.

7,
1.

15.

.alii:
:

some

others.
17.

cum
hostes,

as.

huml, p.
8.

4.

cum:

when

the

suum: of theirs. 12. hominem: standing in contrast to villis and boves of the
preceding clause.

enemy. Note the changed order in: upon. of the English.

19. .ipsi:

modifying

castello.

qua

re

this.

FIRST LATIN
rant,

READER

21

omnem

salutis

spemiam deponebant;

sed subito imber

coortus est maximus, quo ignes sunt extinct!.

Quare Indi

conatu desistere coactl sunt.

LESSON
A
Hoc
5

18

Remarkable Deliverance
alio in

fere

tempore

qui e Britannia paul5 ante f ugerat,

oppido latebat imperator quldam, quod rex Britannorum

nolebat oppidanos

eum

volebat interficere.

Homo -scilicet

Sed olim, cum colon! in templo cognoscere se ibi latere. adessent omnes, tuto se e latebris exlre posse credebat; itaque efenestra prospexit. Primo neminem vidit; turn subito
10

animadvertit multos Indos per agros clam properantes, ut

oppidum oppugnarent. Quibus ille rebus vehementercommotus, exaedibus statim Qui cum celeriter e erupit ac col5nos ad arma vocavit.
15

templo cucurrissent, advena duce cum Indls fortiter pugnaverunt, hostesque postremo in silvas fugere coacti
sunt.

Imperator interim, postquam Indos* fugere intellexit, ad latebras statim se recepit, nee postea a colonls inveniri potuit. Qui igitur crediderunt ducem e cael5 a dis missum
2oesse, qui se adiuvaret, sicut multis ante annis Castor et Pollux olim subito adfuerunt in acie auxiliumque Romanis
i. deponebant: note the tense. imber (-bris, M.) shower.
:

14.
lit.

advena duce:

abl.

absol.,

the stranger (being)

18.

leader

3.
(lit.

desistere: give desist from} the attempt.

conatu

up

transl. freely,

inveniri

note the
:

last letter

6.
1.

homo

cf.

hominem,
.

p. 20,

of the word.
lation,
cf.
I, 1.

4.

potuit for the transthe note on possent,

12.

quibus

rebus:
p. 20,

trarisl.
1.

p.

13.

as singular (cf.
13.

qua re,
.

19).
cf.

cum

cucurrissent:
1.

19. qui: cf. the rendering of qui in the note on p. 5, 1. 3.

the note on p. 14,

8.

ducem

leader.

22
lulerunt,

FIRST LATIN

READER
cum
hostibus,

cum

neque eos in

horas multas pugnassent fugam dare potuissent.

ill!

LESSON

19

Philip finds Allies

haec geruntur, Indi quidam longinqui, quibus erat castellum maximum, armls aliisque rebus Philippum iuvare
5coeperunt. Quo cognito, colonl, quamquam iam hiems nam erat, id castellum statim oppugnare constituerunt
;

Dum

putabant hanc quoque gentem prima aestate bellum gerere parare, consiliaque hostium ipsi praeoccupare volebant.
Itaque via nivall cum exercitu valido profecti, per silvas load castellum iter fecerunt. Ibi acerrime est pugnatum,
ac colonl multl interfectl sunt
est,
;

Indorumque copiae omnes

factis, colonl

castellum tamen expugnatum ignl sunt consumptae qui:

bus rebus

vulneratos secum ferentes

domum

leniter se receperunt.
15

Hoc

detrlmento vehementer commoti, Indi iam undique

convenerunt, oppidaque colonorum oppugnare coeperunt Subito veniebant in conspectum turn, colonis singula.
;

occlsls villisque incensls, celeriter in silvas se recipiebant,

20

cum interim milites, qul arma modo consequi poterant. Itaque

3.
5.

gravi5ra ferebant, nullo diu colonl miser! undique

10.

dum,

etc.

cf. p. 7, 1.

16.
:

acerrime

est

pugnatum:
battle

quo: neuter. cognitd the note on p. 17, 1. 18.

7.

cf.

freely,

desperate
as
:

was
the

first

prima: the (part of}.

early,

lit.

the

fought', lit. what? 13. vulneratos:

noun,

wounded.
in

ferentes

nom. case.

8. ipsi: translation. 9.
1.

may be omitted

17. singula: modifying oppida. veniebant: for the translation,

cf.

via

13.

for syntax, cf. qua, p. 5, nivall: nivalis, -is, -e,

:

the note on rapiebant, p.

19.

7,

1.

17.

cum:

while.
:

snowy.

20. c5nsequi

sc.

eos

(i.e.

Indos).

FIRST LATIN
interfectl sunt
;

READER

23
:

Standisius enim iam pridem mortuus erat sed postrem5 dux alius inventus est, qiu fellciter cum Indis

bellum gerere sciebat.

LESSON

20

Captain CJiurch
Cercas, qui iam dux colonorum factus
est,

non modo cum

consilio olim

5hostibus

feliciter

bellum gerere sciebat, sed etiam Indos

sibi asclscere

interdum socios

potuit.

Quo

profectus, ad quandam gentem pervenit baud longinquam, cuius reginae diu fuerat ipse amicus quare sperabat eius
;

clvibus facile se persuadere posse, ut colonos adiuvarent. 10 Ibi tamen ab Indis impetus acerrimus in Cercam eiusque

comites facta est

donee

in

qui igitur in palude coacti sunt latere, venerunt milites complures, qui eos ex scapha
;

periculo eriperent.

15

Cercas, quamquam consilium turn perficere non potuerat, convenlre tamen reglnam iterum conari constituit. Itaque

paucls post mensibus uno

fectus, in
est

cum

milite Indisque tribus pro-

eiusdem gentis fines denuo iter fecit; quo ubi perventum, comitibus in scapha relictis, ad reglnam ipse
est.

progressus
3.

Cum

ea

dum

loquitur, Indi multl, qui per

clvibus)
verb.
14.
.

infin.

4.

gerere: cf. the use of the with nesciebat, p. 8, 1. 2. Cercas: gen. Cercae, etc.
adv., only.
allies.

posse

fut. infin.,

which

is

replacing the lacking in this

:

modo: the
5.

Cercas,

quamquam

cf.

the

etiam: also.
soci5s:

6.

(as)

con-

note on hostes, cum, p. 20, 1. 17. 15. convenlre: dependent on

conari.
17.

silio:
8.

design.

reglnae: dat. case. ipse: he. eius: i.e. the queen's. 9. persuadere: persuade, lit. make (if) agreeable (hence the dat.

denuo:
1.

i.e.

iterum.

quo:
per:

cf. p. 8,

14.

19. cum: around in.

preposition.

24

FIRST LATIN

READER
QuI tamen, huml turn

herbam

latuerant, subito armatl exsiluerunt.

cum

intellexissent

Cercam minime esse

territum,

sederunt concilioque habito polliciti sunt se colonos adiuturos in bello, quod illi cum Philippe gerebant.

LESSON
cum

21

The Death of Philip

5

Cercas
partis
dedit.

his sociis

iter

fecit

sulsque militibus iam omnes in per silvas, et undique hostes in fugam

Quare postremo Philippus ipse paucls cum comitivallls multa mllia passuum in paludes longinquas f ugere coactus est numquam enim colonls se dedere conicstituerat: quln etiam olim, cum quidam ex eius amlcis dicere ausus esset pacem cum els faciendam esse, rex Trabus per
;

tus

hominem sua manu

frater mortul

occidit.

Cuius

rel acerbitate

com-

motus,

statim ad

colonos perfugit eosque

15

certiores fecit de palude, ubi Philippus turn latebat. Itaque dux col5norum, qul multos dies frustra quaeslverat

regem modoque domum

paludem sine mora

redierat ut
est,

iterum celeriter profectus

instruxit.

uxorem consolaretur, militesque suos prope illam Qua re animadversa, Philip;

pus eiusque comites per valles longius f ugere conatl sunt 20 rex vero Infelix, interceptus a militibus qul in silva collocati
1.
.
.

qul tamen,

cum
qul,

but

when
p.
8,

they

cf.

cum,

the Vocab.
-atis, F.,

the various meanings of res, see acerbitate acerbitas,

:

1.

13.
2.

harshness,

humi:
suls:
1.

cf. p.

may be omitted
5.

turn: 7,1.4. in translation.

13.

mortui:
;

of

the

dead

(man)
sing.
16.

part.,

used as a noun,masc.
:

his

own;

cf.

suum,

p.

n,
10.
12.

and the note. quidam: a certain one. hominem: cf. p. 20, 1.4.
6,
cf.

modo
qua
vero:
:

(but} just.
cf. p.

18.

re:

20,

1.

20.

i.e.

tamen.

19. Infelix

sua:

suls,

1.

5.

rel:

for

(-icis, adj.)

ill-starred.

FIRST LATIN
erant, a fratre derat.

READER

25

eiusdem Indl interfectus est, quern ipse occiCaput PhilippI securl absclsum colon! secum domum tulerunt ubi supra portam positum est, ut omnes viderent regem re vera mortuum esse.
;

LESSON
End
5

22

of the

War

Quo detrlmento perterritus legatus PhilippI, qul paucis cum comitibus e palude effugerat, in silvls procul latebat. Quern Cercas diu frustra quaeslvit sed postremo Indum
;

senem

mod5
10

cepit et puellam, quos viam ostendere coegit in legati castra subito perventum est.

quo

Ibi Cercas,

quamquam

arma Indorum, quae hum!

comites perpaucos secum habebat, collocata erant, audacter rapuit.

"
:

Quo
rem."
15

Cercas vero

facto, legatus "

:

magna voce
est cena "
:

Captus sum,"

inquit.

Ubi

nam

veni ut vobiscum cena-

Turn legatus

"an bubulam?"

Quo

Equmam carnem mavis," inquit, audlto, Cercas scilicet dixit se malle

reliqui (noctu
;

bubulam. Carne sine mora consumpta,

enim impetus

factus erat) mox huml iacebant sopitl sed Cercas et legatus diu vigilabant. Postremo Indus surrexit et silentio egres2.

absclsum:

agreeing

with

12. 13.

magna:

i.e.

loud.
sc. inquit.
.

caput.
3.
4.

Cercas vero:
:

rus, -a,
5.
7.

supra: preposition, over. re vera in very fact (ve-um, lit. true, or actual).
:

equinam equinus, -a, -urn, mavis what form of (of) horse. malo ?
14.
:

legatus: lieutenant.

15.

quern: him.

bulam:
cow.
19. tio
:

an: conjunction, or. bubulus, -a, -um,

Indus: the Indian. used as adv.

bu(of)
silen-

8.

10.
is

senem: aged (from senex). perpaucos: the prefix per-

intensive.

abl.,

26
sus est

FIRST LATIN
;

READER

meret.

quare alter credebat eum exisse ut arma alia suBrevI autem aderat legatus manibus ferens insignia
"

Haec nunc tua sunt," quae quondam Philippus gesserat. ante Cercae inquit, insigniaque pedes huml posuit. Ita confectum est.

LESSON
Dum

23

William Penn and the Friends

in Britannia Nova geruntur, in alias Americae Europa veniebant colonl multi; in quibus erant complures, qul se Amicos appellabant. Cuidam viro claro, qui hanc religionem erat amplexus, rex Britannorum turn

haec

partes ex

lomagnam pecuniam debebat; quod aes alienum ut solveret, in America provinciam novam hoc fere tern pore constituit,
virumque ilium legatum
fecit;

quae provincia e nomine

le-

gatl Pennsylvenia appellata

est.

Legatus, quod religio Amlcorum gentibus Europae grata i5non erat, colonos plurimos statim ad Pennsylveniam praemisit,

tus est; ubi

pauclsque post mensibus in provinciam ipse profecurbem condidit, quae Philadelphia appellatur. Amlcl credunt bellum gerere nefas esse, religionem Propter

atque omnibus
x.

cum hominibus comiter vivere volunt;

other
(i.e.

itaque

alter:

the

Church).
(again}. manibus: forsyntax,cf. navibus, insignia: trappings p. 6, 1. 10
(insigne,
3.
-is,

of}. owe.

debebat: debeo,

2, -ui, -itus,
:

2.

aderat:

was back

this (adj.). ut the ace. preceding belongs to this pur-

quod

pose

clause.'

n.
12.

constituit: established.

N.)

legatum
after.

governor.
freely,

gesserat:

had
:

worn.

freely,

tua

tuus, -a, -urn, yours. dum haec, etc. cf. p. 7, 1. 16. 7. veniebant: note the tense.
6.

14-

grata
;

popular

(with)
17.
18.

lit.

what ?
esse:

ubi: there.

in:
10.

among.

nefas

that

it

is

magnam:

(a) large (sum

crime (nefas, indeclinable noun).

FIRST LATIN

READER

27

per multos ann5s continues in provincia erat pax, etiam

legatus
ille

cum

mortuus

esset.

De
5

est ilium,

comitate legati multa narrantur; qum etiam traditum cum olim per provinciam iter faceret, parvam

puellam vldisse ad templum euntem, eamque in ipsius equo positam ad templum ita deduxisse.

LESSON

24
Virginia

Nathaniel Bacon in

Nova bellum gerit Philippus, in VirIndl ginia quoque impetus saepe in colonos faciebant, mulin Britannia

Dum

tosque agricolas, qui procul ab oppidis habitabant, cum locruciatu occiderunt. Quo periculo commoti, colonl multa milia passuum nunti5s ad caput provinciae miserunt, qui

legatum orarent, ut mitteret

mllites,

qui hostis coercerent.

15

Legato autem nullo mod5 persuaderl potuit ut colon5s adiuvaret, quod cum Indls ipse negotiabatur nee quaestum dlmittere volebat; qum etiam iuvenis quldam, nomine Beco,

cum

qui a Britannia tribus ante annis in provinciam venerat, dixisset se velle in Indorum finis ducere colonos pau-

cos, qui

iam

ipsi

arma ceperant, a legato domi

est iussus

manere.
20

Iuvenis autem, sine mora ad castra colonorum clam prox.

per:

freely,

for,
-a,

conit

13.

persuader! potuit

lit.

could

tinuos:
secutive.
3.

continuus,

-um, con-

be

made

agreeable;
1.

cf.

persua2,

cum

after.

dere, p. 23,
15.
1.

9.
:

tramulta: cf. p. 5, 1. 9. ditumest: cf. p. II, 1. 4. earn: from eo. 5. euntem: her. ipsius: his mun.
6. positam part, (from pono), agreeing with earn. 1 1 caput capital.
:

volebat

cf.

velle,

p.

15.
:

17. cum translate much earlier in the English sentence. 18. ipsi: on their own motton,
i.e.

without

waiting

for

the governor to act.

28
fectus,

FIRST LATIN

READER

assensu
in finis
5

cum primum omnium dux

in

factus est.

eorum conspectum venit summo Qui igitur, quamquam

sciebat legatum postea iratum se fortasse interfecturum, tamen Indorum copias duxit, hostesque in fugam
dedit.

undique

Quod

ubi est audltum, legatus ex oppido

celeriter profectus est, ut

Beconem caperet suppliciumque de eo sumeret, quod iniussu suo bellum cum Indls gereret.

LESSON

25

Nathaniel Bacon (Continued}

BrevT autem ad caput provinciae legatus celeriter redlre
ro

nuntiatum enim est oppidanos, quos domi liquerat quique iuveni duel amicissimi erant, res novas
est coactus;

reibi

Quibuscum legatus turn pacem fecit; postquam agitare. vero Beco demum e bello longinquo domum rediit, colonl,
carl aedes custodiebant
15

legatum adhuc esse Iratum arbitratl, noctes diesque ducis eumque, cum paulo post decurio multl comites armatl ad oppidum secutl sunt. factus esset,
;

Ibi tamen legatus, qui quoque copias coegerat, Beconem statim rapuit, mox autem ab oppidanls Iratis dlmittere coactus est. Sed iuvenis, paucis post diebus certior factus
1.

cum primum
omnium:
1.

i.e.

as soon as.

10.

iuveni

here as adjective.
lit.

2.

modifying
p. 5,
3.
3.

as (masc.) noun, cf. assensu. qui:

res novas: revolution; what?

ii.

agitare: agit5,
:

Iratum:
:

in (his) anger.
inter-

quibuscum
I.

cf.

I, plan. secum, p.

8,

fortasse

adv., perhaps. fecturum: sc. esse.

4.
5.
6.

14.
13.

arbitratl
1.

cf.

the

use

of
:

copias

quod

(his) troops. this (noun).

:

veritl, p. 2,

17.

noctes diesque

night
14-

and day.
decurio (-5nis, M.)
:

supplicium supplicium, -I, punishment. 7. de:lit./hw*. supplicium sumere is the converse of poenas dare,
N.,

memto-

ber of the legislature. 16. coegerat: had

called

gether.

FIRST LATIN

READER

29

BALLISTA

was not very formidable, as may be seen which gives a modern artist's concepRoman " cannon " were tion of an attack upon a walled town.
Ancient
artillery

"

"

from the above

illustration,

simply huge catapults, some of which threw stones or masses of

metal, others projected heavy darts.

30

FIRST LATIN

READER

legatum parare se iterum in custodiam dare, clam noctu f ugit ex oppido, nee postero die ab inimicls suls invenlri potuit.
Colon! scilicet undique libenter convenerunt, ut ducem carum adiuvarent; isque iam menses multos, modo cum
5

Indls

modo cum

legato, fellciter

bellum

gessit.

Olim,

cum

obsideret urbem, quod erat caput provinciae, ballistasque circum muros collocare vellet, uxores inimicorum e praediis

proximis deductas ante milites suos posuisse dicitur, ut sine

periculo suorum opus perficeretur.

LESSON
V

26

Nathaniel Bacon (Concluded}

10

cum ea in urbe multos dies obsessus esset, postremo cum comitibus omnibus navis conscendit, quae
Legatus,
in flumine

propinquo ad ancoram consistebant, ac sine

est,

mora profectus
15

ut auxilium peteret.

Quo

facto, Beco,

qui sentiebat legatum bem statim incendit

;

mox cum

socils esse rediturum,

ur-

ipse autem, laboribus perlcullsque

mortuus est. Turn eius comites, cum intellegerent legatum solere inimicos etiam mortuos contumeliis afficere, corpus ducis carl tulerunt ad flumen et in aquam merserunt quare legatus, 20 cum redlsset ad urbem amlcosque Beconis multos interfecisset, ipslus iuvenis corpus invenlre non potuit.
fractus, paulo post
;

2.

invenlri

note the

lat
at

let-

10.

legatus,
1.

cum

cf.

hostes,

ter of the word.

4.

cum,
.

p. 20,

17.

modo
.
.
.

modo:

one

17.

cum

time
6.

at another.
:

note on p. agreeing
17, note.

14,
7,

intellegerent: cf. the solere: 1. 8. cf.

1.
:

quod

relative,

solebant, p.
18.
19.

4.

with the predicate noun.

8.

dicitur

cf. p. 5, 1.

mortuds (when) dead. merserunt mergo, 3, mersi,

:

9.

suorum

to

(lit.

of)

his

men.

mersus, bury, lit. sink. 20. multos: many (of).

FIRST LATIN

READER

31

Faucis post annis ille legatus pessimus quoque poenas dedit; nam a rege domum revocatus, summa ignomiriia affectus ibi mortuus est Interim Virginia reliquaeque
bello loquor,

Sed antequam de provinciae paulatim validiores fiebant. a colonis cum Britannls gestum quod postea

est, quaedam dicenda sunt de puerb, qui imperator summus Americanorum futurus erat.

LESSON

27

The Boyhood of George Washington

Hie puer, qui Vasingto appellabatur, in Virginia natus est sexaginta fere annis post bellum, quod cum legato eius 10 provinciae gesserat Beco ille, de qu5 modo dm. Puero erat frater maior, qui tribunus militum factus ad bellum

quod Britanni cum Hispanis turn gerebant eis in ad quas Columbus primum naves appulit. Vasingto, postquam frater ad exercitum profectus est, de bell5 15 saepe cogitabat; cumque ludebant pueri ac simulabant se esse milites, semper erat ille imperator. Postea
abierat,
Insulis,

vero, puer magnus et validus factus, celerrime dlcitur currere potuisse neque equum timuisse ullum.

Frater iam volebat Vasingtonem nautam fieri, mater aoautem noluit; itaque ille domi aliquamdiu mansit et didicit Sed paucis post anomnia, quae ibi in ludo tradebantur.
4.
6.

fiebant: note the tense.

16.
.

imperator: pred. nom.

quaedam:
futurus

(neut. pi.) some-

thing.
7.

erat:
3,

was
and

et:' omit I7 V ero: moreover. i n translation. factus render by

:

destined
p.
16,
1.

a clause introduced by "when."

dlcitur:
21.
cf. p.
:

to

be-,

cf. p. 4, 1.

30,

1.

8.
:

15-

omnia
-I,

8
9.

natus est:

cf. p. i,

1.

i.

ludus,
i.e.

ludo everything. tradebantur: M., school.

lit.

post: here preposition.

was taught ;

what?

32

FIRST LATIN READER

nis vir quidajn, cui erat

maximum praedium longinquum,

hominem conducere
tueret
;

voluit, qul terminos praedil sui constiac Vasingto, qul hanc quoque artem didicerat, ab
est.

eo conductus in praedium missus

LESSON

28

Experiences on the Frontier

5

In praedio, quod instar provinciae erat, habitabant agricolae paucT, at multl Indi. Hie Vasingto menses multos silvas et montes iter fecit, ac saepe equo vectus per longe
rlvos et flumina transiit
;

noctu autem solebat sub caelo

prope ignem hum!

10 bat.

iacere,

Olim cum

ita sopltus iaceret, subito ignis in

;

quod casas colonorum non amafoenum

ex quo lectus eius factus erat quo ex periculo ipse tamen servatus est ab agricola quodam, qul turn vigilabat.
cecidit,

Tres annos in praedio moratus est Vasingto, ibique mores

Indorum cognoscere coepit

15

annos natus
tus est
:

rediit,

nam

quare, ubi domum undevlginti a legato Virginiae tribunus militum facVirginia tota reliquisque provinces col5ni arbi;

trabantur bellum

cum

Gallis

mox gerendum

esse.

Britanni

enim multl iam transierant montes consederantque in vallibus, quae a Gallis prius exploratae erant quibus rebus
;

2.

terminos: terminus,
. .
.

-I,

M.,

xx.

exquS:

(out}
for

boundary. 3. hanc
surveying.
6.
8.
9.

quo ex periculo:

of which. word order,

:

artem:

i.e.

of

hie: the adverb.

ea in terra, p. 6, 1. 3. undevlginti annos natus at nineteen years of age, lit. havcf.

14.

ama4 bat: fancy ; for other meanings of this word, seethe Vocab. 10. foenum foenum, -i, N.,
cf. p. 7,
1.
:

autem humi:

moreover.

ing been born nineteen years. 15. tribunus militum: a major.

16.

Virginia tota:

throughout
is

all Virginia.
totus.

The

prep, in
is

often

omitted when the abl.

modified

straw.

by

FIRST LATIN
Galli commoti,
stella

READER

33

cum hanc regionem

ibi

dimittere nollent, ca-

complura

ponebant, quae Britannos arcerent.

LESSON
A

29

Dangerous Mission

Quamquam spes pads iam paene sublata erat, legatus Virginiae constituit tamen nuntium mittere, si ullo modo
5

componl possent. Itaque Vasingto, sine mora delectus qui hanc rem difficilem tractaret, paucis cum comitibus per silvas fortiter profectus est cumque monies quoque translsset, Indls quibusdam ad concilium vocatis
;

res sine bello

10

persuasit ut ad Gallorum castra se sequerentur. Quo ubi perventum est, Galli nuntium comiter acceperunt, responderunt tamen se numquam nisi bell5 coactos

ex

illrs f Inibus

discessuros.

Quare Vasingto, qui Gallorum

do-

copias maximas sum ma

sollicitudine animadverterat,

mum

statim properare coepit;

cum

i5ventum esset^ impedlmentis relictis, duce Indo etiam celerius progressus est. Via scilicet erat ipsa periculosa (nam hiems iam erat) alterum autem f uit perlculum maius colonls enim iniml;

vero ad montes perun5 cum comite et

cus erat dux.

1.

Qui
nollent:

olim,

cum

advesperasceret, telum subito

n.
coactos.
13. copias: stores, or supplies. sollicitudine: sollicitudo, -inis,
F., anxiety.
nisi:

cum

translate

introducing the part,

by a
2.

participial phrase.

ponebant: note the tense.

arcerent: note the

4. 5.

mood.
3,

si:

(if")

perchance.
-po-

componl: compono,
tractaret: note the

14.
16. 18.

sui, -positus, settle.

vero: and. duce guide.

:

6.
8.

Indls

cf.

mood. the note on per1.

alterum

another ; contrast
of alter
col5nls: construe

the

commoner meaning
p. 34,!. I.

suadere, p. 23, modifier of Indls.

9.

vocatis:

on

with inimlcus.

34
in

FIRST LATIN
Vasingtonem
misit.

READER
Indum
in-

Quo

facto, colonus alter

terficere
erat,

volebat.

At Vasingto,

qul telo vulneratus

;

hominem

non
5

discedere incolumem passus est solum interdiu sed noctu quoque iter

non iam autem faciendum

esse.

arbitrabatur,

quod periculum sentiebat maximum

LESSON A
cum
rate

30

Dangerous Mission (Continued}

Paul5 post ad flumen

translrent,

magnum perventum

est;

quod

Vasingto forte in aquam frigidam cecidit, unaque cum comite in insula parva morarl coactus turn demum per glaciem, est, donee dies postera illuxit
:

ioquae

in flumine natabat,

summo cum

alteram
nerunt.

ambd

venerunt.

perlculo ad rlpam Deinde, equo ab Indis emptd,

facilius fecerunt iter, et

postremo incolumes domum perveUbi legatus, cum de pertinacia Gallorum certior

illos tarn

factus esset, moleste ferens

15

audacter respondisse,
castella

Vasingtonem
elsdem

iussit milites trans

montes ducere ad

ponenda, e quibus ipse modo redierat. Interim colon! alii, e provincia clam per montes profecti, in illis regionibus longinquls locum quendam, castrls maxime idoneum, audacter occupaverunt. Qul vero brevi
in locis
20 a Gallis se

dedere coacti sunt

nam Vasingto, quamquam iam

sibi esse

cogebat copias atque intellegebat omnia

i.

facienda

in: at.
rate:
ratis,
-is,

14. p.,

illos

respondisse: that
.

7.

raft

they

had replied.
ad castella
.
.

for syntax, cf. navibus, p, 6, 1. 10. 10. in upon the surface of.
:

15.

ponenda:
is

to establish forts.
16.
locis.

natabat cf. natantes, p. 11. ab: from.

:

3,

1.

15.

quibus: the antecedent

sibi:

12.

facilius:

i.e.

more com1.

21.

dat. case, this

being

fortably. 13. ubi:

the
cf.

ubi, p. 4,

14.

regular agency construction with the gerundive. The whole

FIRST LATIN

READER
tamen
suls satis

35

ut hie locus defenderetur, civibus

mature

auxilium ferre non potuit.

LESSON
The Beginning of

31

the French

and Indian War

sum mo labore

At
5 ibi

paucis post diebus, per loca aspera

progressus, in hostium fines pervenit Vasingto, castraque

parva posuit. Deinde paulo longius prof ectus exploratores cepit paucos; turn autem certior factus Gall5s Indosque
adesse plurimos, iterum se in castra recepit.
Galli,

Quo

facto

cum

sociis Indis celeriter consecutl, in castra

;

impetum

f ecerunt

acerrimum

sed postremo, colonis inultas horas f ru-

iostra oppugnatis, e castris Vasingtonem cum armls ea condicione exlre passl sunt, ut exercitum ex his flnibus statim

reduceret.

Ille igitur invitus

domum iter facere

coactus

est.

Postero autem anno e Britannia legiones complures missae sunt ad Gallos expellendos ex els locis, unde illl modo

Vasingtonem discedere coegerant. Imperator factus erat nomine Braddoc, dux fortis, qui tamen cum Credebat vero se omnia Indis bellum gerere nesciebat. sclre, neque a Vasingtone aut reliquis colonis se monerl volebat quare, cum ad bellum profectus esset, quamquam 2omulta milia passuum pervias perlculosas silvasque maximas
15

vir Britannicus,

iter

legionibus erat faciendum, exploratores

praemittere
:

phrase may be rendered freely that he must evert himself to the utmost for the defense, etc.
i.

14. ad Gallos expellendos purpose clause cf. the similar phrase

;

on

p. 34,
17.

1.

15.
cf.

suls: modifier of civibus.

gerere:

the

infinitive
1.

8.

10.

Indis: here as adj. . ea condicione ut: on

. .

with
se
:

8, nesciebat, p. omit in translation.

.

2.

omnia:

these terms, that. 12. invitus

:

cf.

the

note on

laetus, p. 2,

1.

6.

all {about the subject) 21. legionibus: for syntax, cf. sibi, p. 34, 1. 21.

36
noluit,
pollicitl

FIRST LATIN

READER

nee gratias colonis egit, qul operam suam ultro sunt nam ne conspectum quidem legionum sua:

rum putabat Indos

esse laturos.

LESSON
.

32

Braddock

'

Defeat

Postremo vero, cum

sesset, subito in silvis
tela

in fines

hostium longe

iter

factum
;

Indorum

ululatus est auditus

turn

plurima inmissa sunt, ac mllites Britannic!, qul hostem nullum videbant, undique cadere coeperunt. Colon! interim in silvam celeriter inruperunt, arboribusque interpositls
10 in via

cum Indls acriter pugnabant; at imperator legiones habebat instructas, nee suos loco cedere passus est,
fieri

quamquam caedem maximam

paene omnes aut

sentiebat.

Itaque

ill!

15

Braddoc vulnus ex mortuus est. Vaipse accepit, quo paulo post mllites cohortarl conatus, imperasingto perterritos primo tore vulnerato exercitus reliquias ad castra reduxit, ubi
interfecti sunt aut vulnerati, ac

impedimenta maxima

relicta erant.

Ibi, concilio

convocato,

tribunl centurionesque celeriter e fmibus hostium sibi discedendum esse statuerunt.

Quo
20

proelio

admoneor

ut

dlcam de incommodo maximo,

quod a Romanis acceptum est apud lacum Trasumennum,

7. videbant " could see."
:

we would
. . .

say
:

12. 14.

aut

aut

either

or.

8.

arboribus

interpositis

imperatore vulnerato translate by a phrase introduced by

:

freely, getting

behind trees,
:

lit.

"after."
17.

what?
10.

discedendum esse:
:

imper-

habebat

kept.

suos

cf.
:

suorunv

from
p. 7,

Ioc5 page 30, 1. 9. their places ; cf. the note on

4.

sonal use of the gerundive, to. 19. ut

20.

apud
:

at.

lacum Trasu-

1.

mennum

in north central Italy.

FIRST LATIN

READER
ibi

37

cum Hannibal, dux Poenorum, Secundum litus est via angusta,

msidias clam fecisset.

turn agrl apertl.

In loco

aperto Hannibal castra posuit, milites autem multos in latebrls prope viam collocavit. Turn, cum Roman! temere
5

via angusta ad Hannibalis castra versus iter facerent, subito Poem e latebrls eruperunt et hostis perterritos in lacum

compulerunt.

LESSON

33

Later Events of the

Etsi in proelio, de

War

quo supra dixi, Galll victoriam erant illis regionibus celerrime se recepeex adept! Britannlque 10 rant, Vasingtonis tamen virtutem omnes laudabant. Quern igitur colon!, copiis tota ex provincia coactls, summum
fecerunt

ducem
;

et in

montes cum exercitu ad

hostis arcensociis

dos miserunt

ubi bellum

cum
:

Gallis

eorumque

men-

15

ses multos fellciter gessit imperatores complures e

tribusque post annTs,

cum iam

Britannia ad American! missi una alils cum essent, legiones quasdam ille e Pennlegatls sylvenia trans montes duxit atque hostes ex els locis discedere coegit, ubi ill! quondam Britannls tantum detrlmentum
intulerant.

20

Qu5 incommode accepto, Galll tamen minime animo demissi bellum alibi acriter gesserunt nam Indl, qul erant paene omnes amicl, eos omnibus modis adiuvabant. Sed
;

2.

in
;

loco aperto:
lit.

freely,

in

the open
cf.

what

10. quern: not relative in the English translation. 18.

5. via angusta: for syntax, the note on qua, p. 5, 1. 13; here the abl. may be rendered

Britannis: dat. case; trans-

late

"upon." 20. animo

demissi:

lit.

cast

"along."
8.

erant adept!

adipiscor, 3,

down in mind, i.e. discouraged. The abl. case here expresses specification.

adeptus sum, gain, or secure.

38

FIRST LATIN READER

fractl,

postremo, multis detrimentis

pacem

mox

adept!

sunt,

Canada

alilsque

regionibus

petierunt quam Britannis

;

traditls.

Vasingto interim ab exercitu domum redierat, ubi in maStrimonium duxit matronam quandam, quae Marta appellabatur turn annos paucos in praedio suo mansit otiosus.
;

LESSON
The Outbreak of

34

the Revolution

Nunc mihi dlcendum est de bello, quod colon! paucls Diu rex senapost annls cum Britannis ipsls gesserunt.
tusque Britannorum a provincils vectlgalia quaedam exigere loerant conati, etsl hae leges latae erant in concilio, in quo
suffragium ferre Americano null! licebat. Id colon! moleste ferebant ac postremo, cum iam tanta iniuria non diutius
;

ferenda videretur, omnibus ex provincils in unum locum viri delect!, in els Vasingt5, ad consilium commune capiendum
15

convocatl sunt.

Hi, concilio habito, litteras ad regem Britannorum miserunt, quibus postulabant ut colonls iura
elves reliqui obtinebant.
litterls acceptls,
i.e.

eadem concederentur, quae domi

Quibus
1.

rex Iratus non solum iura concedere

13.

petierunt:

petiverunt.

quam:
2.

this (noun).
:

in
sunt,
14.

unum locum:
1.

ferenda bearable; lit. what ? with convocati

:

p. 37,
6.

1.

adept! sunt cf. the note on 8. Britannis: dat. case.

otiosus
:

15.

in els: cf.
. . .

in, p.

translate

by an-

consilium
trast

26, concilio
:

1.

7.

con-

other part of speech.

vectlgalia N., taxes.
9.
:

the

meaning
:

of the

two

vectlgalia, -ium,

words.
15.

litteras

for

the force of

10.

leges

lex, legis, F.,

meas-

ure, or law.
11.

suffragium
-i,

ferre:
N.).

cast
Mb',

the plural, see the Vocab. 16. quibus in which ; abl. of means.
:

strictly,

vote (suffragium,
(state

this

17.

obtinebant:

freely,

en-

of affairs).

joyed.

FIRST LATIN
noluit, sed

READER

39

etiam in

Americam

misit milites multos, qul a

colonis audaciae poenas repeterent.

Apud oppidum parvum, nomine Lexingtonem, primum pugnatum est, magna cum caede Britannorum nam agri;

5Colae, muris interpositis, tela plurima inmlserunt in hostes, qul ita sex milia passuum se recipere coacti sunt ad urbem,

unde paulo ante profectl erant. Quibus rebus factls, concilium idem, quod ad regem litteras mlserat, quaerere coepit imperatorem, qul omnls copias Americanas duceret. Clio

ves scilicet memoria tenebant res gestas Vasingtonis in bello, quod paucis ante anms cum Gallls Indlsque gestum
erat
est.
;

quare

ille

summo

assensu

omnium dux

brevl factus

LESSON

35

Operations about Boston

15

Sed antequam Vasingto in Britanniam Novam pervenire potuit, iterum acriter pugnatum est in quodam colle, ubi postea Americani columnam maximam eorum nomine
statuerunt, qul ibi pro llbertate vltam suam largltl sunt. Eo in proelio Britanni vlcerunt sed ne hostes quidem satis
;

laudare poterant virtutem colonorum, qul 20 norum tarn audacter exceperant.

impetum

vetera-

Vasingto, postquam illuc pervenit, hostls menses multos

2.

audaciae

for

(lit.

of} their
F.,

16.

insubordination.
3.

columnam monument.

columna,

-ae,

nomine:
i.e.

in

apud: near.
ita: i.e.

primum: the
fire.

honor.
17.

adverb.
6.
7.

statuerunt:

posuerunt.

under a hot

concilium:
cives

(deliberative)

vitam: translate as though the noun were plural.

1 8.

body.
9.
:

e5

modifier of proelio.
:

(his} fellow-citizens.
:

21.

to.

memoria tenebant

i.e.

had

the
1.

cf. VasingtS, postquam note on hostes, cum, p. 20,

not forgotten.

17.

illuc

adv., thither.

FIRST LATIN

READER

COLUMN A

shown a monument about a hundred feet in in 104 A.D., in honor of the emperor On its sides are sculptured scenes descriptive of one of Trajan. Trajan's important campaigns, a fact which makes this column a
In the picture
is

height, erected

at

Rome

very important source of information about the details of

military
life.

Roman

FIRST LATIN READER

intra munitiones Bostonis continuit.

41

Turn, cum eius copiae subitonoctu maiores factae essent, prope urbem clamcollem

occupavit, atque ibi vallum summa celeritate quin etiam ubi dies illuxit duxque hostium muniti" Hi ones novas animadvertit, vehementer commotus ille

quendam
exstruxit

tanta opera perfe"cerunt, quanta colon! una nocte," inquit, Hoc meus exercitus mense toto perficere non potest."
vallo exstructo,

"

cum cotldie tela plurima

ballistls

Americano-

rum
10

in

urbem

mitterentur, hostes brevl naves conscendere

atque e portu f ugere coacti sunt. Col5nl adhuc bellum gesserant ut iura clvium Britannicorum sibi concederentur iam vero, cum neque rex neque
;

senatus eos audire vellet, de Britannia desciscere

novamque

condere rem publicam constituerunt.

LESSON

36

The Battles of Long Island and Trenton

15

gnare parabant.

manque oppumagna Insula, quae Longa Ibi e navibus egressl hostes cum Americanis appellatur. acriter pugnaverunt. Qu5 proelio victus VasingtS non

Interim Britannl

Novum Eboracum
est

terra

Haud procul

20 dlmittere
6.
. .
.

solum ex Insula discedere sed etiam Novum Eboracum coactus est. His rebus factis, colon! omnes animo
tanta
as.
.
.

quanta

such

13.

de

from.

desciscere

de-

seised, 3, -sclvi, -scitum est, sepa-

7. potest: cotdd, a common idiomatic use of the pres. indie, of this verb. hoc vallo, etc.: the abl. absol. may be translated by a " when " clause, and the following

rate.
14.

rem
terra

publicam

common-

'wealth.
15.

and

sea,

manque: by land the abl. expressing place

.
:

words by a
8.

participial phrase. ballistls abl. of means.

:

where.
20. animo . . demissi cf. the note on this same phrase, p. 37,
1.

12.

cum:
:

causal.
.
. .

neque
nor.

neque

neither

20.

42

FIRST LATIN
;

READER

vehementer erant demissi quare Vasingto, quamquam toto cum exercitu Britannico in acie pugnare non audebat, putavit tamen aliquid sibi faciendum esse, quod spem civibus
suis adferret
5

Quam
invitl

BritannJ, qul

facultatem mox nactus est. Nam cum Americanis ipsl pugnabant, multos
;

Germanos conduxerant, qul in exercitu stlpendia facerent quorum Germanorum pars quaedam baud procul a Novo
Eboraco
in hibernls

iam collocata

erat.

Quo

cognito, Va-

singto noctu profectus, etsi erat tempestas

icque quoddam transeundum erat, audacter iter fecit quo in itinere duo homines frlgore perierunt. Hostes, qul nihil suspicabantur diemque festum
;

maxima flumenad eorum castra versus

Turn celebrabant, ab Americanis facMlime capti sunt. demum colonl iterum spem magnam habere coeperunt.

LESSON

37

The Retreat from Trenton

15

Paulo post Vasingto, cum ausus esset iterum progredi ad eundem locum ubi Germanos illos ceperat, perlculum adiit maximum. Nam subito aderant Britanni plurimi, nee
propter natantem glaciem flumen translre American! poterant.

Turn imperator Britannicus, qul Cornivallis appellacrederet iam demum circumventum aobatur,

cum Vasingtonem

esse, glorians,
2. 4.

"Cras," inquit,

^a me
16.

iste
1115s

vulpes capietur."
i.e.

acie: regular engagement. adferret note the mood.

:

those mentioned
crederet: trans;

in

1.

7.

quam

facultatem:

freely,

an

20.
late

cum

opportunity for -which. with reluctance. 5. invitl

:

by a participial phrase also on the next page, 1. u.

so In

ipsl: in person.
9.

erat

there was.
. . .

12.

diem

festum: aholi-

Latin the pres. part, is used much less freely than in English. 21. eras: adv., to-morrow.

day

(festus, -a,

-um).

vulpes

(-is, c.)

fox.

FIRST LATIN

READER

43

At Vasingto

facere, ut cotidie solebant,

suos iussit sub vesperum in castris ignis cum interim paucl maximo cum
;

quod eo consilio strepitu circum vallum opus festinarent iussit, ut Britanm arbitrarentur ibi impetum hostium excipere
5

Americanos parare.

Nocte tamen intempesta

colon!, sine

strepitu Gilo ex castns egress!, viis devils iter fecerunt circum exercitum Britannicum, atque in agros apertos inco-

lumes pervenerunt. Itaque mane imperator Britannorum " " vulpem istum invenire non potuit Vasingto enim etiam 10 turn oppidum oppugnabat alterum, ubi quidam Britanm alii
;

castra posuerant. Quare Cornivallis, cum sentiret se elusum esse, celeriter se recepit, ut impedimenta conservaret sua,

quae ad pugnam profectus post tergum longe

reliquerat.

LESSON

38

Burgoynes Campaign
Postero ann5 alius imperator Britannicus ex Canada per provinciam Noveboracensem legiones quasdam ducere

15

conatus

est.

Cui omnia pr!mo

fel!citer

evenerunt; Tae-

eo

conderoga enim capta est American! comportaverant.

mult!
e

una cum
in

copiis omnibus, quas

Cum

autem

German!

Britannico

exercitu

proximam

provinciam

20 miss!

essent ut equos aliasque copias colonorum raperent,

ut
:

2.

as.
:

solebant

sc.

10.

oppugnabat:

note

the

facere.

paucl
:

here used as a

tense.
13-

(masc. pi.) noun. of course, of their 3. vallum

(merely},
16.

own camp.
I,

festinarent: festlno,
:

ad pugnam: for a battle i.e. not for a campaign, omnia: cui: for whom.
eo
:

quod hurry along. quod, a thing which.

design.

i.e.

id
:

note the gender.

18.

c5nsilio

there,

lit.

thither', cf.
1.

the note

on

quo, p. 8,

14.

44

FIRST LATIN

READER

agricolae, qui a pueritia

statim convenerunt

ex

ilia

arma ferre soliti erant, undique Germanlsque magno cum detriments provincia discedere coactls, imperatorem ipsum mox
;

acerrime adortl sunt American!, quorum in dies copiae maiores fiebant.

proelio victi hostes, qui iam omnibus ex partibus obsidebantur, in Canadam redlre prlmo frustra conatl,

Quo

licet
10

Turn scipostremo Americanis in deditionem venerunt. colonl omnes ecfrenate gaudebant, quod perlculum
effugisse videbantur.
;

maximum

Sed

alibi

hostes acriter
erat.

gerebant bellum

cuius eventus adhuc

maxime dubius

LESSON

39

Valley Forge

Dum
x

geruntur haec, de quibus

modo

dixl,

Britanni Phi-

ladelphiam oppugnare parabant, quae urbs turn erat caput rei publicae Americanae. Unde Vasingto, cuius copiae
i5

numero erant multo

Inferiores, hostes null5

modo

arcere

poterat; quare senatus ad aliud oppidum se recepit, ac Philadelphia nullo defendente a Britannis capta est.
4. 6.

in dies from day to day. omnibus ex partibus: on

:

lit.

all sides.
8.

quae urbs what? 15. numero:

13.

the city which

for

syntax,

cf.

Americanis: dat. case.

g.

10.

quod: conjunction. videbantur: sc. sibi,

i.e.

they seemed to themselves] freely, they thought that they, etc.

multo: (by) animo, p. 37, 1. 20. much. 16. senatus: Congress. 17. nullo: supplying the missdefendente ing abl. of nemd.
:

gerebant: note the tense. maxime dubius: by the prefixing of maxime, an adj. (or adv.) is
11.

sc.

raised to the superlative degree. 12. haec neut. pi.

:

Philadelphiam). For the pres. part., being active in meaning, may take an object even when used, as here, in the
(i.e.

earn

abl. absol. construction.

FIRST LATIN

READER

45

Faucis post diebus circiter qulnque mllibus passuum ab eadem urbe acriter pugnatum est, sed turn quoque Vasingto
discessit Inferior.

Qul

igitur,

tes suos in hibernls collocavit in

Smultos summa cum inopia miserrime vlctum est. Nam non solum in aerario nulla
erat pecunia, sed in castris

cum hiems iam adesset, millquadam valle, ubi menses omnium rerum necessariarum

mox frumentum quoque

deficere

coepit; mllitesque miseri, quibus erant saga nulla, saepe noctes totas prope ignem vigilare coacti sunt. Qum etiam

lotraditum

est,

cum agmen

in

hiberna

iter faceret,

multorum

pedes nudos in nive vestigia cruenta fecisse. Sed iam demum ex Europa socil Americanls auxilium ferre parabant multi enim etiam alils ex gentibus mo;

leste
15

ferebant Britannos iura

civium colonls concedere

nSluisse.

LESSON

40

Help from France

tempore factum erat ut Galli, qui Britannos minime amabant, cum Americanls facerent foedus atque
Ita hoc fere

trans

mare imperatorem cum

qulnque mllibus

classe mitterent, qui colonos

8.

1.

passuum:
ab
:

quibus:
2.

dat. case; cf. cui,

abl.

of degree of difference.
:

p.

1 1, 1.

(away} from. 2. pugnatum est J"ought ; lit. what?

3.
5.

10.

multSrum: as(masc.)noun;
1.

battle

was

cf.

multi,
12.

13.
:

cum

as, or since.

cum:

freely,

under

the

Americanis indirect obj. with auxilium ferre. 13. aliis ex gentibus: i.e. of
other nationalities.
16.

stress of.

miserrime: misere (adv.), victum est: imperwretchedly.

6.

factum erat:
:

it

had come
foedus
:

to pass.
17. cum preposition. foedus, -eris, N., alliance.

sonal pass, (from viv5)

aerario:

aerarium,

-ri,

N.,

public treasury.

46
adiuvaret.

FIRST LATIN
Quibus rebus

READER

cognitis, Britanni

delphiae consederant,
se undique
copils
5

cum

illi, qui Philasentirent flumine classe obsesso

aliis,

oppugnari posse, celeriter sese coniunxerunt cum quae in provincia proxima collocatae erant. Ita
:

Philadelphia rursus in Americanorum potestatem pervenit. Adhuc Britanni crediderant colonos facile vinci posse

sed iam

demum

senserunt se rem difficillimam tractare

quae ad meridiem spectant, colon! ran multls cum servis in praedils maximls habitarent, in

cumque

in provincils,

ioeas constituerunt exercitus suos mittere, si ibi rem gerere Nee vero eos consilium fefellit nam fellcius possent.
;

15

Gorgia una cum aliis quibusdam provincils brevl est occupata, et ubicumque in acie pugnatum est, American! vict! sunt Quibus detrlmentls minime animo demissi, colonl iam manus parvas coegerunt, quae in silvis paludibusque latebant, donee occasidnem rel bene gerendae nanclscerentur turn subito impetu facto aut capiebant Britannos
;

aut eos in

fugam dabant.

LESSON
Dum

41

Benedict Arnold

haec geruntur, in provincia NoveboracensI quldam aoimperator Americanus, nomine Arnoldius, dux audax ac
1. quibus rebus this. delphiae locative case. 2. flumine obsesso
:

Philathe
:

n.

nee vero, etc.

:

freely,

and

trans-

plan WAS successful ; lit. what? 13. ubicumque conjunction,

15.

late

by a conditional
3.

clause.

wherever.
last

letter of the

oppugnari: word.
i.e. se.

note

the
:

manus:
latebant:
p.
7,

companies,
cf.
1.

or

posse

could.

bands.
16.

sese:
8.

the note on
rel

cum:
eas
si
: :

since,

or inasmuch

rapiebant,

17.
:

bene

as.
10.
1.

gerendae (gen. case)

referring to provincils,
cf. si, p.

freely, snc:

8.

33,

1.

4.

nanclscerentur cessful action. translate the subjunctive "could."

FIRST LATIN READER

47

strenuus, Britannis parabat prodere castra, quae colon! in rlpa fluminis Hudsonis posuerant, quoque ab Americanls

comportata erant omnia, quae ad bellurn necessaria erant; nam castra natura loci munitissima erant, ac funis quoque Sferreus ibi trans flumen ductus erat, ne naves hostium
longius adverse flumine navigare possent BritannI, cum iam dies proditionis appropinquaret, nun-

tium mlserunt, qul ducem convenlret Americanum, litteIncolumis ad Arnoldium pervenit rasque ab eo reportaret.
10

nuntius

sed

cum ad
:

Britannos redlret, ab Americanls

qul captlvum sine mora in castra proxima deduxerunt, quamquam ille miser omnibus modis ab els salutem impetrare conatus est. Qua de re certior factus, Arnoldius ad Britannos quam celerrime perfugit; qu5tribus captus est
15

rum

in exercitu imperator brevi factus est. Nuntius interim, causa cognita, capitis est damnatus litteras enim, quas manu ducis Americanl scrlptas ferebat,

delere

non potuerat, antequam

est.

in castra

a colonis tribus

ductus
20

Arnoldius,

cum

contra suos elves acerrime bel-

lum

gessisset,

els ipsls
1.

postremo apud Britann5s mortuus est, etiam invisus quos tanta perfidia adiuvare conatus erat.
:

castra, quae, etc.

namely,

14.

quam
their

celerrime

as quickly
:

West
2.

Point.
:

as possible.

i.e. qu5 + que, quoque and into which ; for quo, cf. the note on p. 8, 1. 14. note the gender. 3. omnia: ad for.
:

and in
16.
i.e.

qu5rum army.
:

in exercitu

cognita
death.

tried.

capitis

to

(less often)

the

The charge or penalty may be

4.

natura:
(-is,

note the case.

:

expressed, as here, by the genitive. 17. manu: abl. of means with

scrlptas.
19.

funis
5.

M.)
:

chain.
(-a,

ferreus

-um)

iron.

cum

ductus erat
7.

had been
:

stretched.

waging.

gessisset: after suos: observe the em.

proditionis
cf.

proditio, -onis,

phatic position

(cf.

the

note on

p., betrayal',
1.

the verb prodo,

suum,

i.

p. n, 1. 6). 21. eis ipsis: dat.

case; con-

12.

ille

miser: he, poor fellow.

strue with invisus.

48

FIRST LATIN

READER
42
his Country

LESSON

A Roman
clar5 duce
iniuria

who fought against

lit

Quibus rebus admoneor

pauca dicam de Coriolano,

qul imperator fortissimus, a clvibus ab urbe discessit seque coniunxit cum damnatus, Romanis bellum antea hostibus, qul saepe intulerant.

R6man5;

primo res undique feliciter evenerunt, Romanlque legates pacis petendae causa ad Coriolanum mittere coacti. sunt, Qul autem, propter iniuriam a clvibus inlatam adhuc iratus, asperius respondit
legatosque maestissimos domum dimlsit; quln etiam Idem nuntil a senatu iterum missi ne in castra recepti quidem sunt.

Denuo mox

bello indicto, hostibus

10

Quibus rebus cognitis, Roman! graviter permoti etiam sacerdotes mittere constituerunt, si ab els saltern Coriolani animus ferox fleet! posset cum ver5 ne hi quidem quicquam
;

15

impetrare potuissent, turn mater ipsa uxorque Coriolani una cum alils matronls compluribus ad hostium castra maestae
profectae sunt. Quo ubi perventum
est,

matris verbis vehementer com-

motus Coriolanus
ffnibus
x.

pollicitus est se sine

mora cum

exercitu e

Roman5rum

discessurum.

Postea apud hostls mul-

pauca: a few (words').

qul: this (adj.).
iniuria:
abl.

2.

rendering of the comparative, cf. the note on maximum, p. 13,

1.

3.

used adverbii.e.

n.
9.

ally.

urbe

the

city,

Rome,

legates

often thus designated as being the city par excellence.

4.
5.

sadors.

envoys or ambasmaestissimos pred. adj.

:
: :

idem:
13.
flecti:

pi.

Romanis:
denuo:
pacis
/.*.

dat. case.

ferox (-ocis, adj.)

flecto,
3,
:

fierce.
flexus,

iterum.
:

flexi,

petendae causa i.e. ad pacem petendam. Literally causa means "for the sake of." 8. asperius: rather harshly
6.

influence.

vero

and.
lit.

quic-

quam:
thing.
15.

any

concession,

any-

maestae: in (the garb oj")

(aspere

adv.,

harshly}

for the

mourning.

FIRST LATIN
tos

READER
traditum est

49

annos

vixit,

nee libenter;

nam

eum

esse

solitum dicere sen! miserrimum esse exsilium.

LESSON

43

The Surrender of Cornwallis Sed

5

ut ad

Americanos redeamus, ab

els diu ac varia for-

tuna bellum

At paulatim oppida ad meridiem provinciarum, quae spectant, rursus in poteBritannis gestum

est.

cum

bellum gerebat,
est;

statem Americanorum verierunt, ac Cornivallis, qul iam ibi in Virginiam postremo se recipere coactus

qua

in provincia

summa cum

licentia rapere et

agere

coepit omnia.
10
licis; et

Vasingto autem iam aderat cum exercitu socilsque GalCornivallis in urbe mumtissima, quae Eboracopolis
sustinuit.

15

oppugnationem duos menses Turn aegre hostes, cum frustra erumpere conatl essent parsque munltionum ab Americanls esset expugnata, se suaque omnia VasingtonI dediderunt. Cornivallis autem ipse, ne suis oculis Ignominiam exercitus videret, eo die se
appellatur, undique obsessus,

esse

aegrum simulabat, atque

maestus moratus

in

tabernaculo, donee deditio

est facta,

est.
;

Hac
20 ac

victoria nuntiata, American! ecfrenate gaudebant senatus in templum convocatus dls gratias maximas egit.
vixit:
cf.

x.

from
the

viv5.
p.

nee
17,

steal (goods)

and

drive off (live

libenter:
!

note on

stock).
ii.

8.
2.

mumtissima: strongly forhostes

:

sem: for an old man-,

. . . :

sen!

tified.

is

from senex. redeamus 3. ut

6.
8.

13.

i.e.
.

to return.

16.

ne
suis

the English. videret freely,

:

ibi: in that region.

in order to avoid seeing.

-ae,
F.,
:

licentia:

licentia,

16.
1.

cf.

again suum,
p. 14,
1.

p.

n,

lawlessness.
freely,

rapere

et

agere

6.

rob

and plunder ;

strictly,

20.

dls:

cf.

19.

FIRST LATIN

READER

MUNITIUNES

Above may be seen the remains of a Roman camp, showing

very well the nature of
at short intervals
its

still

defenses

namely, a vallum, strengthened

by small towers.

FIRST LATIN READER

51

Omnes enim
petendam.

sentiebant Britannis

pacem iam demum

esse

LESSON
Washington Pace
facta, Carleto,
retires to

44
Private Life
turn

dux Britannicus, qui

Eboracum

Novum
5

domumque
I llam

praesidio tenebat, redire a rege iussus

in

cum

exercitu naves conscendere

est.

legates suos paulo post convoCumque pauca locutus eos valere iussisset, legatl, qui eo duce annos circiter octo stlpendia fecerant, lacrimas non potuerunt diutius continere, sed Rentes imperatorem
cavit.

urbem Vasingto

icdextra tenuerunt.
turn habebatur.

suum deponeret, ad urbem

Legatis dimissis, Vasingto, ut imperium statim profectus est, ubi senatus

15

Cum iter faceret, multitudines maximae ex oppidis omnibus egressae flores in via sparserunt; et inter fausta nomina etiam pater patriae est appellatus. Sic progressus est usque
ad urbem, ubi
sito,

eum

senatus exspectabat

turn,

imperio depo-

domum
est.

sine

mora

contendit, arbitratus se iam in praef ecerat,

dio iure otiosum vivere posse, sicut

antequam bellum

indictum
i
.

Britannis
1.

cf

the note on

sibi, p. 34,

21.
:

freely, sion.
13.

Congress was

in ses-

6.
7.

legatos staff officers. eos valere iussisset:

cum

as.

had

14.

sparserunt:

bidden them (to) fare well (valeo,

2,

sparsl, sparsus, scatter.

spargo, 3, fausta
:

valui).
8.

eo duce:
14.

cf.

advenaduce,
1.
:

p.
i.

faustus, -a, -um, complimentary. 16. exspectabat: note the tense.

17.

21,

1.

circiter: cf. p. 45,

cf.

arbitratus:
1.

cf.

the note on

stlpendia fecerant
1.

p. 42,

veriti, p. 2,
1

17.

6.

8.

iure: abl. of ius, used ad;

10. 11.

ut: for the purpose (of}. senatus habebatur:

. . .

verbially

cf.
cf.

iniuria, p.

48, 1.3.

otiosum:

p. 38,

1.

6, note.

52

FIRST LATIN

READER
45

LESSON

The Father of his Country

facere noluit.
est in animls

Laus maxima VasingtonI tribuenda est, quod se regem Sed eius nomen manet semperque mansurum

hominum,

in aeternitate

temporum, neque aliud

umquam ab Americams aeque amabitur. Quod ille pater patriae appellatus est, hie est honor, qui paucis contigit. Nam abhinc multos annos Cicero ita est vocatus, cum vlcisset clvls pessimos, qui et antiquitus

rem publicam perdere voluerant hoc idem cognomen Camillo a clvibus gratis
;

iure
10

datum

est.

Romanus, dux fortis clarusque, iniuria in ius vocatus, abierat in exsilium, vivebatque apud Ardeates, cum Galli pluriml trans montes in Italiam subito profecti, proeille vir

Nam

lio acri vlcerunt Romanes, urbemque ipsam incenderunt. Turn Camillus, concilio convocato, Ardeates hortatus est ut
15

audacter fines defenderent suos, Romanisque fortiter auxilium ferrent. Itaque, illo duce, oppidan! noctu clam profecti, in
1.

quosdam
(laudis,
:

Gallos, qui sine custodils in agro aperto

p.):
credit,

laus

few;

tribuenda est

is

due

(tribuo, 3,

tribui, tributus, give,

or ascribe}.
:

contigit: masc., as noun. contingo, 3, -tigi, fall (to the lot of), or happen (to}.
7.

quod: that (conjunction).

2.

perdere: perdo,

3, perdidi,

mansurum
1.

est

cf.

futurus

perditus, ruin.
8.

erat, p. 31,
3.

7.

cognomen: cognomen,
gratis
: :

-inis,

aeternitate:
p.,
:

-atis,

endless

aeternitas, extent. tern-

N., title.

grateful.

porum
other.

the ages.

aliud

(any)

(a of

people of Ardea town about twenty miles south Rome).

n. Ardeates

4. aeque adv., equally. quod: as for the fact that.

:

5.

hie

est:
cf.

this

is;

for

the

12. Galli: the Gauls, a people inhabiting the country now known as France.

gender,
p.

the

note
:

on

quod,

13.
p. 48,
1.

urbem
3.

cf.

the note on urbe,

30,

1.

6.

paucis

(only)

FIRST LATIN

READER

53

hum! iacebant
eosque in

sopltl, maximo clamore fecerunt impetum, fugam dederunt. Ac paulo post reliqul quoque

hostes, qu! in castrls

ad

Romam
Rome.

morati erant, a Camillo

paene ad
3.

Qnum

occlsi sunt.
(or at)
4.

ad

Romam: near

adunum:

cf.

p. 4,

1.

5.

TALES OF LAND AND SEA

LESSON
46

The Settlers Datighter

In Britannia
solebant

Nova quondam
in

petus timebant Indorum,

;

agricolae, qul semper imagros cotldie secum arma ferre

in colle edito castellum

ac prope

quendam vlcum

erat, quo, si quando opus esset, colonl uxoresque statim deducerent. Quo ex castello olim signum subito datum est Indos adesse. Hoc audito, agricolae, equis in agrls sine mora relictls, ad villas cucurrerunt,

quoque positum
liberos

et mulieres ac liberos

quam

celerrime in castellum deducere

coeperunt.
10

tantum, ad castellum cum potuit, priusquam Indl in conspectum venerunt; itaque puellam parvam in arbore cava collocavit, ne hostes earn invenlre possent, ipseque, ut auxilium

At

vir

quldam, cui erat

fllia

ea pervenire non

clvibus suls ferret, per agros fortiter contendit. In proelio, quod est ibi commissum, ab Indls capti, in

vir,

longinquas deduct! sunt agricolae pauci, in els ille de quo modo dlxl. Oppidan! scilicet crediderunt filiam una cum patre captam esse sed ille multis post mensibus
silvas
:

edit5 editus, -a, -um, high. quo: cf. quo, p. 47, 1. 2. -si quando:. if at any time, or whenever. there opus esset: should be need.
3.
:

8.
1.

quam

celerrime

cf. p.

47,

4.

14.

n. priusquam: i.e. antequam. commissum: i.e. 15. est commissum est.

.
.
.

7.

sine

mora:

i.e.

instantly.

16.

in eis

cf. p.

38,

1.

14.

54

FIRST LATIN
ex Indorum vlco clam effugit
in
;

READER

55

cumque postremo domum

oppido filiam potuisset invenire, avis pervenisset neque Ibi reperta sunt ossa suos ad arborem cavam deduxit.

tantum

et sagitta una.

LESSON

47

The Trials of War

5

hostibus transmarmls qul olim bellum cum col5nis Americanis multos annos gesserunt, facinora atrocia facta
esse dlcuntur

Ab

plurima.

Nam
ille

cuidam colono erant duo

dlligentia curabat; at imperator hostium, qul hoc oppidum praesidio tenebat,

equl pulcherrimi, quos

maxima

loqulque erat omnibus oppidanis superbia maxime invlsus, illos equos quondam ad se duel iussit, quod nuntium cum
litteris

ad castra longinqua mittere

vellet.

Sed unum ex

equls

nemo

postea

vidit,

alterque paucis post horls in via

15

moribundus baud procul repertus est. Praedam quoque e villis undique rapere solebant hostes sed eos quondam duo servl Afrl callide eluserunt; postquam enim milites appropinquare nuntiatum est, hi servl
;

fideles,

tabula abrepta, argentum domini celeriter sub aedi-

bus condiderunt.

Unus autem ex

els

sub aedibus

ar-

2ogentum vix ab altero acceperat, cum subit5 hostes in conspectum venerunt. Itaque ille, qul supra stabat, tabu3.
5.

ossa

os, ossis, N., bone.

:

construe with invlsus.

abl. of cause.

superbia

transmarinis

transmari-

nus, -a, -um, from across the sea. 6. atrocia: atrdx, -ocis, adj.,

zz.

quod

vellet:

on the

ground that he wanted,

16.

dastardly. 7. dicuntur
ID.

note the
i.e.

pi.

verb.

18.

quique:

qui

que.

21.
cf.
1.

callide adv., cleverly. tabula: tabula, -&*,?., board. ille: tabulam: the one.
:

omnibus

oppidanis:

dat.

case;

18.

56

FIRST LATIN

READER
;

lam statim demlsit, ne quid hostes suspicarentur ac servus alter, qul nullo modo evadere poterat, tris dies noctesque sub aedibus dicitur sine aqua cibove mansisse.

LESSON
The Attempt

48
Detroit

to surprise

Postquam bellum, quod a Britannls cum Gallls Indlsque gerebatur, paene cdnfectum est, multaque castella longinqua in potestatem Britannorum venerunt, quidam rex Indorum, nomine Pontiac, dux fortis et acer, castella ilia
recipere Britannosque
;

ita

ex

els

regionibus expellere se

posse sperare coepit quare, concilils undique convocatis, iolndos hortatus est ut se fortiter sequerentur atque hostis invlsos ad unum interficerent.

Cum
naculls
15

iam ad caedem faciendam Indl omnia expedlrent,

e castello

quodam mulier

arma parare animadvertit.

quae eum amabat,

forte egressa barbaros in taberQua re nuntiata, legatus

tamen verebatur, donee castellum maesta intravit, puella Inda, Indorum totum ostendit. Turn vero castelconsiliumque lum custodils maioribus flrmatum est, nee nimis mature;
Britannicus, qul ibi praeerat, nihil

nam
i.

postera nocte procul in

demlsit:

silvis audlrl

poterat cantus

not

dimlsit.

9.

posse: could.
se
:

After ne and quid: i e. aliquid. si, the short forms quis, quid, etc., are regularly used.
3.
1.

10.
14.

him.
re
. :

qua

this observation.
. .

15.

nihil

verebatur freely,
:

dicitur:

cf.

dicuntur, p. 55,

felt

no concern ;
nimis
:

lit.

what?
too.

7. 4.

18.

adv.,

The

bellum, quod, etc.

recipere

namely,

the French and Indian

8.
:

War.

whole phrase may be rendered freely and none too soon.

19.

compound of
1.

audiri

capio.
infin.

This and the following depend on posse, 1. 9.

of the word.
2.

note the last letter cantus cf. p. 3,

:

FIRST LATIN

READER
:

57

hostium, qul circum ignes saltabant

sic

enim Indl se ad

caedem

incitare solebant.

LESSON
The Attempt
to surprise

49
Detroit (Continued}

Mane ad

castellum

cum

comitibus circiter sexaginta

venit Pontiac, conciliumque postulavit.

Haud magno

in-

Stervallo sequebatur reliqua multitude Indorum, qui simulabant se extra munitiones pila lusuros.

Portis castelll patefactls, Pontiac, qul nihil suspicabatur, una cum comitibus, qul omnes arma vestimentis tecta fere-

bant, sine mora intravit deinde autem vehementer permoiotus mllites omnes et complures negotiatores cum armis
;

animadvertit. Postquam vero ad pnncipia deductus est ac vldit duos tresve tantum adesse centuriones, audacter cum legato loqui coepit.

circumstare

15

Priusquam ad castellum perventum est, comites rex monuerat se, cum pauca prius de pace locutus esset, legato zonam daturum quo slgno impetum statim in legatum centurionesque faciendum esse, cum interim Indl ceteri,
;

qul extra munitiones relict! erant, per portas inrumperent praesidiumque adonrentur.
2.

caedem:
intervallo

(the business of)

translate the abl.

murdering.
4.
:

n. circumstare: i.e. in such a way as to encircle Pontiac and

his

followers.

prlncipia

prln-

"at"
6.

(strictly, abl.

of manner).

cipia, -orum, N.,

15cf.

pila: (at) ball; abl.

of means

pauca:
5,
:

headquarters. note the gender;

1.

(pila,-ae, F.).
8.

lusuros: sc. esse.

multa, p.
16.

9.
belt.

qul omnes: all of whom. but vestimentis: abl. of means

;

zSnam
:

zona, -ae, F.,

offer.

daturum:

would

quo
trans-

translate "under."

10

cum armis:

i.e.

(fully}

slgno abl. of time late "at."

17.

when;

armed.

ceteri:

i.e.

reliqul.

58

FIRST LATIN

READER
cdnaretur, legatus signum

Cum vero porrigere zonam

dedit, et subito

ille

prmcipia son5 armorum completa sunt.

Turn
silia
5

demum barbarl, qul iam plane sentiebant omnia consua patefacta esse, vultu demisso e castello silentio sunt
atquein silvas properaverunt
sunt.
;

egress!,

ubi e conspectu Bri-

tannorum mox amissl

LESSON

50

A
Colon!,
runt.

Successful

Ruse

cum bellum

gererent, hostis saepe fallacils eluse-

quldam American us, qul menses multos cum exercitu fuerat, uxoris conveniendae causa olim clam
Sicut dux

icdomum

Cuius adventu cognito, oppidani, profectus est. certiorem fecerunt legatum hostibus favebant, qul pauci Britannicum, qul castris praeerat proximls, ducem ilium in

oppido
15

latere.

Itaque sine mora cum legione noctu profectus, legatus ad oppidum celeriter contendit; ubi statim aedibus AmericanI ignes admotl sunt. Quo animadverso, ille scilicet credebat
titer

spem omnem iam esse sublatam sed fllia ex aedibus foregressa legato, "Mater mea," inquit, "aegra est. Da
:

rmhi, obsecro, salutem eius saltern miserae."

1. zonam: see p. 57, 1. 16. signum dedit i.e. made a motion.
:

The word means

before

literally

"to be

2.

prmcipia

7.

see p. 57, 1. n. fallacils: tricks or trickery

:

over," notions which, in Latin, call for the dative.

14. 15.

"or "to be

(fallacia, -ae, F.)

8. 9.
1.

legione: (his} regiment AmericanI: as noun, gen.

.

sicut

as,
:

for in stance.
the note

sing.
16.

causa

cf.

on

p. 48,

ignes:

translate as

sing.,

6.

and turn the whole phrase into the

oppidani
1.
:

10. 11.
p. 57,

(his}
cf.

townsmen.
qui omnes,

active form.
19. secro,

qui pauci:
8.

obsecro:
i).

quo: neuter. f beg (you} (obmiserae: of eius

.

12.

praeerat:

cf.

p. 56,

1.

15.

her,

poor woman.

FIRST LATIN

READER

59

Qua

re impetrata, mulier

mllites autem, ne dux ipse interim omnibus ex partibus circumstabant qum etiam hand procul sunt morati, donee aedes totae igni con:

cum lecto leniter elata est; ullo modo effugere posset, aedes

sumptae

sunt.

Turn

laetl

ad castra se receperunt, inter se

gloriantes unum saltern Americanum sceleratum poenas At incolumis erat ille nam, cum uxor efferretur, dedisse. sub lecto manibus genibusque ambulaverat, neque eum Sic astutia filiae servatus mox ad exviderat quisquam.
;

10

ercitum tuto

rediit.

LESSON
How
the

51

Town was Saved

Multis post annis, quam ea, quae modo dlxl, facta sunt, duae puellae Americanae, quae alio in oppido prope mare Olim enim, habitabant, facinus memorabile ausae sunt.

cum
15

pater earum longe abesset, in conspectum subito venit navis longa Britannica ex qua, cum in portum pervenisset, mllites multl scaphis vectT ad litus celeriter contenderunt
;

atque Americanorum coeperunt incendere navigia, quae turn forte in portu ad ancoram c5nsistebant.

Fugam iam
x.

parabant oppidan! ceteri

elata
est:
9.

at puellae illae,
astutia,
-ae,
F.,

re: concession.
efferS.

astutia:

from
3.

omnibus
1.

ex

partibus:

cf.

p. 44,
4.

6.
cf.

quick wit. n. post ea quam.

quam:

i.e.

post-

the events.

totae:
1.

the note on laethemselves.

abl.

tus, p. 2,
5.

16.
:

inter se

among
etc.
:

13. facinus: not as on p. 55, 1. 6 (see the Vocab.). The phrase, as a whole, should be rendered
freely.

8.

manibus,
translate

of

means;
-us. N.,

"upon"
neque
.
.

(genu,
.

knee).
cf. p. 2,
1.

quis-

19. parabant: preparations for.

were
?

making

What are other

quam:

n.

meanings of

this

word

6o

FIRST LATIN

READER

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

Among
art.

The

the ancients, music was a comparatively undeveloped scantiness of the music of the stage is indicated by the

above scene from a comedy, where the actor in the foreground is manipulating a tambourine (tympanum)^ while another in the rear
plays

upon double pipes

(tibiae).

army, music was not employed as an accompaniment for the inarch ; but various trumpets were used for sounding
In the

Roman

In the picture below may be seen the long straight trumpet (tuba} used by the infantry.
signals.

FIRST LATIN
tibia

READER

61

arreptls, secundum litus clam properaveac colle runt, parvo interposito clare canere coeperunt. Qu5 sono audlto, BritannT vehementer commotl armatos

tympanoque

plurimos appropinquare arbitrabantur (nam American! multaeque gentes aliae tibia tympanoque canere solent, cum in proelium progrediuntur). Quare, veriti ne interciperentur,
hostes, navigiis

oppidanorum
;

relictis,

celerrime se ad

navem longam receperunt

10 in

nam non
sunt.

diutius de iniurils

suam m-

ferendis cogitabant, sed sine

mora navem solverunt atque

Ita a puellls

mare apertum progress! oppidum servatum est.

duabus

LESSON
An Example
Indi

52

of Fortitude

cruciatum sine gemitu pat! possunt, atque Indi Asiatic! nudl dlcuntur inter nives vitam 111! agere, neque edere gemitum, etsi ignes admoveantur.

American!

summum

i5tamen cruciatu
rant.

fortiter

ferendo

Romanes

nullo

Nam
:

olim,

cum

diu neque fellciter bellum

:

modo supecum rege

1. .tibia:

tibia, -ae, p., flute.

-i,

tympano tympanum,
2.

N.,

drum.
1.

interposito:
:

cf.

p.

36,

8.

vitam: 13. nudi pred. adj. translate as pi. not edere. etsi: 14. edere:
even though.
ignes
:

clare
5.

adv., loudly. tibia tympanoque

translate as
:

see

1. 1.

sing.

admoveantur

sc.

eis

for syntax, cf. manibus, p. 59,

6.
.

8.

ne:

(after
cf.

a verb of fear-

subjunctive, because part of the indirect discourse. Render the

ing) that.
7.

whole phrase
suum,
p.

freely.

suam:

n,

1.

6.
cf.

15.

ferendo:
cf.

in

(the

matter
1.

8.

inferendis:

inflicting-,

of) bearing',

inferendis,

8.

the force of the gerundive as seen in the use with ad and causa in

The
tion.
.

ablative expresses specifica-

purpose clauses.
9.

16.

neque
;

feliciter

andunsric-

solverunt:

lit.

loosed,

or

cessfully
1.

cf.

the note on p. 17,

released; see the Vocab-

8.

62

FIRST LATIN

READER

Porsinna gestum esset, C. Mucius, clarus iuvenis Romanus, Tiberim constituit solus transire regemque hostium, si posset,

interficere.

Itaque telo

veste tecto

profectus est;

cumque flumen clam translsset, in castra hostium incolumis Ibi tamen regem a comitibus internoscere non 5 pervenit.
pro Porsinna scrlbam occldit; deinde frustra ad regem ipsum deductus est. QuI cum conatus effugere
potuit, ac

cognoscere consilia, quae in se inita erant, admoverl, ut iuvenis omnia prodere cogeretur. ignes 10 Ille autem ultro dextram in ignem porrexit, cruciatumque
vellet penitus
iussit

sine gemitu passus est. Quo viso rex, tantam fortitudinem admiratus, captivum incolumem dlmisit, ac paulo post a Romanls pacis condiciones petlvit, quod cum gente, ex qua

erant iuvenes tantae virtutis, diutius bellum gerere nollet.

LESSON
A
15

53

Hasty Leave- Taking"

Prlm5
hostes,

bello,

cum ex Canada

quod Britanm cum Americanis gesserunt, per pr5vinciam Noveboracensem

8.

1. Porsinna: king of Etruria, a district of Italy just north of C. i.e. Caius {Gains). Latium. 2. Tiberim ace. sing, of Ti: :

against.
-ii,

penitus: adv., fully. inita erant ineo,

:

in:
-ire,

-itus,
9.

enter into.
everything. neut.
:

omnia

beris.
3.

si: if.

n. quo:
vestimento:
cf.
.

veste:
1.

i.e.

p. 57,
5.

8.
:

13. quod: because (a.shesaid}. ex qua iuvenes: freely, //k?

. .

internoscere

internosco, 3,

young men of
14.

-which.

-novi, -notus, distinguish.

6.

tantae virtutis:
characteristic
first

the

gen.

scribam:

scriba,

-ae,

M.,

expresses
ity;

or qual-

clerk.
7.

translate
freely.

literally

and

ad

cum
ticipial

qui the king. before. vellet: translate by a par: :

then
15.

primo belld:

abl. of time

phrase.

when.

FIRST LATIN
ad mare
villis

READER

63

iter
;

adiutl sunt

facere conabantur, a socils Indis multum barbar! enim paulum ante exercitum progress!,

bant.
5

undique incensis, colonos summa crudelitate occideQuare agricolarum omnium suspensl erant animl.

Dum res ita se habent, in praedio quodam servus Afer olim subito ex horto perterritus fugit, dominumque certiorem fecit se Indum in herba latentem vidisse. Quo
audlto,

dominus statim ad

cum eo

fratris vlllam profectus est, ut consilium communicaret; interim uxorfilium iussit

ioequos carrumque parare.

in

Turn, postquam rediit pater, carrum imposuerunt, aedibusque ac bobus repauca fluminis satis magni, quod prope fluebat, ad lictls, rlpam

sine

mora progress!

sunt.

Id

cum

transissent,

celeriter

15

At ne sic quidem sine laboribus periculisque effugerunt; nam in itinere, tempestate subito coorta, mater llbenque sub caelo noctem agere coactl sunt sed postremo in provinciam
:

inde per agros contenderunt una cum colonls his regionibus diutius morari non audebant.

alils,

qul in

proximam incolumes pervenerunt.

LESSON

54

The Capture of a Man-of- War

20

Olim mult! armatl American! ad Canadam versus

faciebant, ut ibi

iter

pugnarent. Qui postremo ad transeundus si longius proerat, lacum, qul pervenerunt

i.

cum

Gallis

Indis: here adj.

3.

occldebant:
1.

cf.

rapiebant,

u. pauca: note bobus: from bos.

12.

.the

gender.

p. 7,
5. 8.

17.

satis: quite.
alils
:

res: matters.

14.
;

not reliquis or ceteris.

:

vlllam

farm

cf.

the comin
1.

18.

noctem agere
1.
:

cf.

vitam
but

moner meaning of the word

9.
I,

3.

agere, p. 61,
20.

13.
strictly,

communicaret:
. .
.

communico,

armatl

noun

make

jointly.

the phrase

may be rendered

freely.

64
;

FIRST LATIN

READER

in lacu autem ultro citroque navis longa gredi vellent Gallica navigabat, ne quis ibi scaphls transire posset. American! scilicet navem longam sibi statim capiendam

esse intellexerunt. Concilioque convocato, cum variae senStentiae dictae essent, subito legatus qiridam, maximae virtutis vir, imperatorl "Ego," inquit, "si mihi milites sex et

cuneos compluris dabis, celeriter rem conficiam." Mllitibus cuneisque datls, legatus nocte intempesta ad navem longam clam scapha vectus est; ubi cuneos sic Inseruit, ut gubernaiocula nullam in partem mover! possent.

Mane AmericanI lacum

transire

coepenmt.

Quo animad-

verso, Galli, qui nihil suspicabantur, veils passls in hostes impetum facere conati sunt; at navis, ventis statim ad litus
delata, facile capta est a
15

quibusdam Americanis, qui ad

id

Nave longa capta, scaphae ipsum Americanorum sine ullo incommodo ad litus ulterius pervenerunt, militesque rursus ad Canadam per montes silvasque
in litore

moratl erant.

leniter progress! sunt.

LESSON
The Fall of

55

New London
praesidio
tenerent,

Cum

Britann!

Novum Eboracum
rebus

2ocoloni classls

omnibus, quae ad bellum necessariae sunt, secundum litus Novae Britanniae ad

onustas
1.

ultro

not as on p. 62,
:

1.

10

see the Vocab.

cula
;

ne quis so that no one the note on quid, p. 56, 1. i.

2. 4.

cf.

gubernaing a clause of result. cf. the illustration facing p. i 10. mover! note the last letter
: . :

of the word.
12.

sententiae

cf.

sentio.
:

8.
1.

nocte intempesta
Inseruit:

cf.

p. 43,

13. 14.

passls from pando. ventis: abl. of means.

:

5.

id

ipsum:

this

very

pur -

msero, 3, -serui, ut: introduc-sertus, force in.

9.

pose.
16.

ulterius: modifier of litus.

FIRST LATIN READER

occidentem navigantes interdum videbant
tardius
;

65
turn, e portibus

liburnicls celerrime vectl, onerarias capiebant, si

quae

forte,

progressae, intervallo maiore sequebantur naves Id BritannI diu molongas, quae els praesidio missae erant. leste tulerant cumque insula Longa iam tota subacta esset,
;

ne postea
auderent,

umquam colonl in naves suas impetum Novum Londmium delere constituerunt.

facere

Itaque ab insula noctu profecti, fretum clam transierunt sed ventis adversls impedltl portum non potuerunt intrare,
10

donee dies postera

colonis

illuxit.

Turn

celeriter e castellis

slgnum

omnibus ex partibus in oppidum convenerunt. QuI, cum BritannI e navibus egress! essent, ad lltu's versus fecerunt iter,
est hostes adesse, et agricolae armati

datum

murlsque interpositls
*5

tela

At

BritannI, qui numero erant perunt in oppidum atque ignes

plurima in hostes inmlsenmt. multo superiores, mox inru-

undique aedibus templlsque

in

Quo vls5, colonl, ut uxores liberosque loca tuta deducerent, ex oppido in agr5s se receperunt.
admSverunt.

LESSON
The Fall of

56

New London

(Continued}

20

Prope oppidum erant castra quaedam, quae American! Quo cum hostes pervepraesidio baud magno tenebant.
navigantes: modifying clasinterdum: not 64, 1. 20. interim. videbant: used to sight.
1.

sis, p.

them,

lit. for a protection to praesidi5 being a dat. of service. id: i.e. this preying

for them,

2.

capiebant
si

cf.

rapiebant,
cf.

upon
5.

their shipping.

p. 7,1. 17.

quae: if any;
. .

subacta:

subigo,

3,

-egi,

the note
3.

quid, p. 56, 1. I. tardius maiore:

.

on

-actus, subdue.

abcf.

6.

ne

umquam:

so that

solute comparatives

(cf.

the note

never.
8.

on

p. 13,
1.

1.

n).
:

intervallo:

fretum: sound.

p. 57,
4.

4.

15.

numero:
ignes
:

eis praesidio

as

an

escort

16.

cf. p. 44, 1. 15. translate as sing.

66

FIRST LATIN

READER
Dato autem
:

nissent, colonos statim se dedere iusserunt.

response minime

grato, acerrime

BritannI, qui, ut supra dlxi,

pugnatum est sed numero multo erant superiores,

ibi

postremo conscenderunt munitiones, castraque expugnaqum etiam virtute colonorum, qui animo obstinate restiterant, adeo exacerbatl sunt, ut summa crudelitate occlderent deditos quosdam, qui arma iam proieverunt
;

cerant.

Deinde tamen, castra funditus delenda esse

;

arbitrati,

lovulneratos prius efferre coeperunt sed id tanta saevitia, ut homines miser! in carrum alius super alium abicerentur.

Turn a Britannis

circiter viginti carrus duel

coeptus est ad

villam quandam, ubi vulneratl ab amlcis curari possent. At praeceps erat via, ac postremo a mllitibus carrus diutius
isretinerl

non

arborem

inllsus est

poterat, sed per declive celeriter delatus, in Ipsa concussione quidam e vulneratis
;

interfectl esse dlcuntur

ac ceterorum ululatus etiam trans

portum audltus
20

est.

Sed iam undique colon! plurim! ad oppidum auxili ferendi causa properabant, hostesque celeriter ad navis se recipere
coacti sunt.

2.

response
ut
:

noun,

derived

when
13.

the

dependent
:

infinitive

is

from respondeo.
3. 6.

passive.

as.
cf.

possent

note the mood.

(-cipitis,

ade5:

p.

5,

1.

18.
i,

14.

praeceps

adj.):
the

exacerbatl sunt: exacerbo,

asperate. 7. deditos
neratos,
9.
1.

ex-

steep.
15.

per

declive:

along

as

noun;

cf.

vul-

slope; declive being used as a neut.

10.

noun (from
delatus:
:

decllvis, -is, -e, steep}.

i.e.

funditus:

utterly.
1.

adv., totally, or arbitrati cf. veriti,p. 2,

rolling

down;

lit.

what?
16.

17.

concussione:
e: of.
cf.
1.

concussio,

10.
12.

id: sc. fecerunt.

-onis, p., shock.

19.

forms

the passive coeptus est: of this verb are used

auxili:

the

note

on

StandisI, p. 16,

4.

FIRST LATIN

READER
57
the Indians

67

LESSON
Captivity

among

Priusquam pr5vinciae Americanae validae sunt factae, Indi oppida longinqua saepe adoriebantur miseraque erat E quibus fortuna eorum colonorum, qui ab eis captl sunt.
;

Onus haec fere de se commemorat

5

"Olim,"
nissent,

inquit, "cum barbarl subitS in conspectum veego cum oppidams ceteris fuga petivl salutem, et in

paludem proximam quam celerrime contend!. Sed in prolapsus, a tribus Indls captus sum, atque una cum

luto
reli-

quls capti vis in silvas longe sum deductus; ubi dies mult5s 10 per rnontes summo cum labore fecimus iter, cum interim

contumelias acerbissimas cotldie ferre cogebamur.

Noctu hostes captives hum! supinos collocabant, cunelsque in terra defixis, manus pedesque arte religabant, ne Interdum quis nostrum per tenebras effugere conaretur. f rumenut veritl ne autem tanta erat 15 barbarl, inopia cibl, turn deficeret, nos etiam ignl mandare semel iterumque in animo haberent. At ego, postquam frlgore fameque sum paene necatus, paucls post mensibus a domino novo emptus,
2.

"

postremo

domum
:

incolumis pervenl."
7.

adoriebantur
1.

cf.

capiebant,
lute

quam

cf.

p. 47,

1.

14.

p. 65,
4.

2.

haec:
:

neut.
narrat.

pi.

comfreely

n.
13.

lutum, -I, N., mud. contumelias: cf. p. 18,

arte
cf.
:

1.

I.

memorat
phrase
etc.
5.

i.e.

The whole
1.

adv.,

tightly.

ne

may be rendered

quis:
2.

the same phrase on p. 64,

:

discourses

somewhat as follows,

14.

6.

inquit: present tense. fuga: abl. of means;

15.

nostrum autem:
61,
1.

from ego.
moreover.
ne:
con-

we

cf. p.

6.

would

say, **/ flight"; cf. other renderings of this abl., p. 57, 11. 6
8.

16.

mandare:

mando,
:

i,

sign.

semel iterumque

see the

and

Vocab.

68

FIRST LATIN

READER

LESSON
A
Olim
puella,
ita salutl fuit.

58

Fresh Supply of

Powder

quae Elizabeta appellabatur, oppidanls suis Subito ab Indis oppidum erat oppugnatum,

colonlque statim se receperant in castellum parvum, quod barbari diu expugnare frustra conati sunt. At deficere iam
5

tela

ille paene magicus, quo celeritate exitiali Americandrum aliarumque gentium multarum longissime feruntur. Quare colon! vehementer erant animo demissi; quamquam enim in villa hand longinqua copia

coeperat pulvis

pulveris satis magna relicta erat, nemo earn putabat loullo modo ad castellum tuto adferri posse, quod Indl in Insidils undique latebant. Multi tamen perlculum sublre " u sed Elizabeta volebant, Ego Ibo," inquit puella enim
:

15

sum, meque carere facilius potestis." Consilio a duce probato, puella mox e castello palam egressa est, leniterque ad villam versus ambulavit. Qua
re
et Elizabeta nullo

nova permotl, Indl prlmo eventum tacitl exspectabant, impediente ad villam facillime pervenit cum autem, pulvere arrepto, ad castellum rursus celeriter currere coepisset, turn barbari, qul iam se elusos sentiebant, 20 tela plurima undique coniecerunt. Sed puella fortis sine
;

2.

ita: in the
lit.

following

way

n.

sublre

subeo,

-Ire, -ii, -itus.

salutl:

for a

safety-,

cf.

Vocab.
trast

praesidio, p. 65, 1. 4, and see the erat oppugnatum: con-

risk, lit. undergo. 12. volebant: were "willing.

13.
lit.

me ...
:

carere: spare me,

expugnare, 1. 4. 5. quo: abl. of means. cf. p. 37, 7. animo demissi

:

be without

potestis
p. 41,
16.
1.

me; me is abl. case. you could; cf. potest,

;

7.

1.

20.
10.

re

performance.
cf.

chan ce. For other renderings, see the Vocab.

freely,

modo:

17.

nullo impediente:
1.

nullo

defendente, p. 44,

17.

FIRST LATIN READER

vulnere intra portam castelll recepta
sublevatl
est,

69

impetus

Indorum

colonlque pulvere potuerunt sustinere, donee

amlci auxill ferendi causa ex oppidls finitimis frequentes convenerunt.

LESSON
A
5

59

Battle against Great

Odds

In quodam lacu maximo, cuius in

dum Taeconderoga,
Britannis
et

acriter
est.

pugnatum
;

positum est oppiab Americanis cum quondam Americanis parvae erant naves
lltore

facile e Canada copias adferre poterat, multas naves longas summa diligentia Inlostructas paraverat; se enim Taeconderogam brevl expu-

paucae

at

dux Britannicus, qui

gnaturum sperabat. Imperator tamen colonorum, vir maximae virtutis, etsi numero erat multo Inferior, committere proelium minime

cum horas multas esset pugnatum noxque iam adesset, naves vix nabant Americanae, telaque paene defecerant. Quo qtiidem tempore Britannl, noctem veriti, destiterunt sed ad ancoram baud procul consisteproelio ne colonl tenebras bant, per effugere conarentur. At Americani nocte intempesta, lucernls extmctls, silentio 2odederunt vela, et magno circuitu hostes vltaverunt. Itaque
dubitavit; sed
15
;

mane, cum Britannl proelium redintegrare

in conspectu erat navis

vellent,

vix

ulla;

qtiare

illl,

ancoris sublatls,

summa

celeritate

Insequi

coeperunt.

Postquam autem
sunt,
:

Americanos fugientes paene adsecuti

2.

constitit
syntax,
-ae,

ea
cf.

sublevati: sublevo,

i,

help

17.

proelid

for
3.
:

out.
6.

conatu, p. 21,
9.

1.

Americanis dat. case. mstructas: equipped.

:

19.

lucerms

lucerna,

F.,

lantern.

12.

maximae

virtutis
I.

cf.

tan-

24.
adj.

fugientes

participle

as

tae virtutis, p. 62,

14.

yo
navis,

FIRST LATIN READER

qua vehebatur dux ipse colonorum, et sola hostium impetum, donee reliqua classis Americana in portum munitum pervenire potuit qum etiam ne illam quidem
sustinuit
;

praedam ceperunt Britanni nam suo navigio, cum ad appulsum esset, AmericanI ipsl ignis admoverunt.
;

litus

LESSON

60

Night Attack

Bello primo, quod a BritannTs cum Americams gestum est, in flumine quodam Carolaenae Ulterioris Insula parva
praesidio Britannico tenebaturt interim dominus insulae,
vir locuples reique publicae amantissimus, moleste scilicet

loferebat castra hostium in praedio suo collocata esse, eo

magis quod mllites interdum se msolenter gerebant. Postremo AmericanI constituerunt adverse flumine navigare copiasque Britannicas, si possent, ex Insula expellere. Itaque clam prefect!, navibus nocte intempesta ad Insulam
15 silentio

re

appulsls, impetum acerrimum subito fecerunt. Qua nova permotl Britanni ad arma celeriter cucurrerunt et dominus quoque Insulae, qul nesciebat amicos adesse, impetum ab hostibus factum arbitratus, una cum ux5re llberlsque in silvas tardius se contulit; ipse enim pedibus
;

4.
5.

suo cf. suum, p. appulsum esset

:

11,
cf.

1.

6.

appulit,

p. 31,
6.
1.

1.

13. bello

wealth (objective gen.) amantissimus is the superlative of the part, amans.

;

primo:
lit.

cf.

p.

62,
lit.

10.

15.
7.

Ulterioris:

Farther

eo magis: and all the more, on this account (the) more. ix. msolenter adv., insolently,
:

(from the point of view of the capital of the United States), i.e. South. 9. rel publicae amantissimus most loyal to his country, lit. most loving of the common. . . :

or impudently.
16.

re: action.

19.

tardius

absol. compar.
:

being crippled, being incapacitated in his feet.

pedibus captus

lit.

FIRST LATIN

READER
Ubi
sic

71

captus a servls turn sella ferebatur.

ad casam

lon-

ginquam perventum

est,

mater subito clamavit puerum

Infantem in aedibus relictum esse.

Quo

audito, fflia forti;

cucurrit ter per tenebras profecta celeriter inter tela amicorum et hostium in aedes pervenisset,

domum

cumque puerum

e cunls rapuit

incolumemque ad matrem secum

reduxit.

LESSON
A

61

Choice of Evils

Parvo in oppido Novae Britanniae habitabat quldam

agricola, cui erant liberi octo.
Is olim,

cum

subito nuntia-

tum

esset Indos appropinquare, ex agrls ad

loservandos

summa
cum

celeritate

bona Iiber5sque properavit; aegra enim doml

uxor iacebat.

Quo
iter
15

igitur

pervenisset, liberis convocatis atque ad

castellum

proximum statim praemissis, ipse uxorem ad Sed iam in conspectu erant Indi, parare conatus est.
ulla erat salutis spes.

neque diutius
relictls,

Itaque uxore bonlsque

liberis sibi

agricola,

qui iam antea statuerat cum

els

vlvendum aut pro

moriendum

esse,

equum

conscendit,

LTatque ad castellum versus quam celerrime contendit. ber5s mox adsecutus est, et omnes, etsl Indi vestigils
20

sequebantur, in castellum incolumes pervenerunt

1.

nam

sella: sella, -ae, p.,

sedan

chair]
p. 6,
1.

for
10.

syntax,
cf.

cf.

navibus,

16s

the phrase as a whole, cf. ad Galexpellendos, p. 35, 1. 14.

17.

aegra: pred. adj.

clamor.
-antis,

2.
3.
adj.,

clamavit: Infantem:

infans,

that this

vlvendum: sc. esse. Note and the following gerun;

6.

infant. cunls

dive are impersonal

:

but translate
i.e.

cunae,
:

cradle.
10.

matrem
servandos:

-arum, F., (her} mother.

that he must, etc.

19.

vestigiis sequebantur

the nearer noun.

agreeing with For the form of

were following the trail

their footsteps).

(lit.

in

72

FIRST LATIN

READER

via,

quotiens propius accesserant barbarl, pater consistebat in eosque armis terrebat. Sed interim uxor aegra, mulier
fortitudinis,

magnae

una cum

captivls

alils

ab Indls in

silvas deducebatur.

LESSON

62

Lost in the Woods

5

Mult5s abhinc annos quidam puer parvus matre insciente in silvam clam profectus, diu ibi secum sub arboribus lusit. Qui, cum iam advesperasceret, viam reperire non potuit ac brevl intellexit sub caelo sibi noctem agendam esse. Itaque

10

cumque per arbores lunam stellasque aliquamdiu suspexisset, postremo somno gravissimoquievit. Mane iterum viam invenire frustra conatus, famem bacis sustinuit; quo modo quinque dies per silvas erravit. Deinde
ex
foliis

lectum

fecit,

noctu ignem animadvertit, et celeriter progressus in vlcum Indorum subito pervenit. quibus comiter acceptus, mul-

15

tos dies ibi

moratus

est.

Dum

haec

fiunt, legatus provinciae

una cum comitibus

paucis pueri quaerendi causa in scapha profectus erat, oppidaque Indorum finitima adibat omnia. Quae res puero
saluti fuit;

nam postremS

repertl sunt

quidam

barbarl,

2oqui nuntiaverunt ipsum incolumem esse viamque ostendei.

near.

propius: absol. compar., too accesserant: translate as if

c5nsistebat
:

9.

stellas

stella,

-ae,

p.,

star.
10.

a perfect.
tense,

note the

suspexisset

suspicio,
lit.
:

3,

and contrast the force of

1. 1.

suspexl, suspectus, watch,

look
abl.

the imperfect deducebatur,

5.

4.

up

at.

somno gravissimo
res:
:

abhinc

cf.

p.

52,

6.

of manner.
18.

insciente:
lit.

Insciens,

-entis,

adj.:

not knowing;
6.

translate

the

saluti fuit

cf.

proceeding. oppidanis
1.

puero
.

sa-

abl. absol. freely.

profectus:
:

slipping away.

luti fuit, p. 68, 20. ipsum:

I.

he.

viam:

i.e.

secum

i.e.

by himself.

the

way

to reach him.

FIRST LATIN
runt.

READER

73

Puero
ille

quibus

sic recepto, legatus sicas dedit els Indis, a Barbarl scilicet d5nis tarn gratis servatus erat.

gaudebant, puer autem

domum

reductus

est.

LESSON

63

The Battle of Saratoga

Saepe pro patria fortissime pugnavit iste Arnoldius, qul postea Britannis prodere conatus est ea castra munltissima, quae in ripa fluminis Hudsonis posita sunt et non num:

quam

etiam salutl civibus suls fuit

tantopere enim a

mllitibus amabatur, ut ipso adventu suo ad victoriam eos incitare posset.

10

ordinem ademisset imperator, quocum simultatem gerebat, ille, sono proelii ad aures ad" " si dux esse non possum, at saltern lato, Ego," inquit,
eius

Olim Saratogae, cum

15

manipularis ero quae cum dixisset, iniussu imperatoris conscendit equum celerrimeque in proelium vectus est ubi mllites, duce vetere c5gnito, clamore sublato laeti secutl
; :

"

sunt, atque

impetum acerrime fecerunt

est

in earn

partem, ubi
virtute

acies hostium confertissima visa est.

Ibi

summa

pugnans Arnoldius
canls parta est.
2. ille
3.
:

vumeratus, victoria autem ab Ameri-

the boy.

Philadelphiae,

p.

46,
3,

1.

i.

gaudebant: were delighted. autem: omit in translation.

that (in the disparaging sense), a frequent meaning of
4.

ademisset:
tus, take

adimo,

-emi, -emp-

iste

this

6.

word; cf. p. 42, 1. non numquam

ips5: mere.

21.
i.e.

i.e. quo + cum. simultatem gerebat: he was at odds (simultas, -atis, F., quarrel).

u.

away. quocum:

some-

times.
8.

13. iniussu imperatdris iussu suo, p. 28, 1. 7.

16.

cf.

in-

10.

Saratogae: for syntax,

cf.

17.

partem: direction. visa est: from videor.

74

FIRST LATIN

READER
tamen

EtsT vulnera Arnold! non erant exitialia, tempus

morti opportunissimum erat. Odium enim perfidiae, qua ille postea usus est, gloriam eius rerum gestarum semper
5

quln etiam traditum est (ut supra commemoravl) ne Britannos quidem, qul eius perfidia victoriam se nacturos speraverant, hominem ullo in honore habuisse, postquam bellum confectum esset. obruet
;

LESSON
Unwelcome

64

Visitors

Britanni, cum iam iterum cum Americanis gererent bellum pugnisque navalibus saepe victl essent, postremo conlostituerunt usque ad Lovlsianam classem mittere, si ibi felicius rem gerere possent. Quare appulsis navibus ad eum locum, ubi in mare fertur flumen maximum, quern Indi

15

patrem aquarum vocabant, mllites mult! in litus egress! praedia finitima explorare coeperunt. Sic factum est ut qufdam adulescens Americanus, qul in
villa otiosus

pluris in

hora diel fere quarta morabatur, mllites comhorto latentes subito animadverteret. Qua re
navalibus: navalis,

nova graviter commotus, comites ut sine mora latebras

1.
1.

Arnold!

cf.
:

Standisi, p. 16,

9.

-is,

-e,

4.
:

men
tion.
2.

taoccasion. tempus may be omitted in transla-

naval.
10.

usque

ad

Lovlsianam
L.
si
1.
:

freely, to far-away

in the

morti:

note
N.)
:

the

case.

hope that;
12.
p. 66,
cf.
1.

cf. si,

p. 33,

4.

odium
fidiae
:

percontempt. (-1, objective gen.; translate

fertur:
15.

rolls]

cf.

delatus,

"for." qua: the case regularly used with utor.

4.

quern: for gender, the note on quod, p. 30, 1. 6. est ut it hap15. factum
:

obruet
lit.

obruo, 3,

-rui, -rutus,

pened that (factum

16.

est

from
:

fio).

dim,
cf.

overwhelm. 7. confectum esset: for mood, the note on admoveantur, p.

1.

hora diei fere quarta i.e. See the note on about 10 A.M.
p. 75.
17.

61,

14.

re

happening.

FIRST LATIN

READER

75

CANIS
Just inside the street door of a Pompeian house is found worked mosaic of the pavement this representation of a watchdog.
signify

into the

The words Cave canem

" Beware of the dog."

HORAE

The Romans
twelve

divided the time between sunrise and sunset into

equal
is

hours

long in

summer, and
to

short

in

winter.

Above

shown a sundial used

mark

the time in the great

public baths at Pompeii.

76

FIRST LATIN READER

quaererent hortatus est, et ipse prlmo fuga salutem petivit; sed ab hostibus statim circumventus, se dedere turn non

At paulo post fenestra patefacta erupit, cumhostium undique in eum conicerentur, incolumis que in paludem, ubi BritannI armls impedltl summo pervenit
dubitavit.
tela

labore sequebantur.

Itaque iuvenis,

cum demum ab

hostibus intervallo satis

in

magno
celeriter

abesset,

.rborem nactus idoneam

qua

lateret,

conscendit.
;

BrevT autem

sonum exiguum sub

loarbore audivit

maxime
lem,

cumque despexisset, ibi vidit canem, quam Quare periculum veritus, comitem fidequae per paludem dominum secuta erat, invitus necavit,
arnabat.

tacitus in arbore
15

Deinde aliquamdiu moratus est; postquam autem BritannI quaerendo defessi ad vlllam se receperunt, magno circuitu custodias hostium vltavit, eorumque de adventu certiorem
multisque
lacrimls sub folils texit.

cum

fecit

imperatorem Americanum, qui oppidum haud longinpraesidio turn tenebat.

quum

LESSON
Abhinc annos
circiter

65

The Boyhood of Daniel Bo one

ducentos
in

Pennsylvania natus est

2opuer, qui postea factus est explorator clarissimus. Quln etiam a prima pueritia ille arma ferre consueverat, ac in
1.

fuga:
turn
:

2.
3.

p. 67, 1. 6. for the time being. fenestra patefacta: abl. of

cf.
i.e.
;

12. 14.

invitus:

cf. p.

35,
cf.

1.

12.

postquam:
17.

freely,

when

at

length.
12,
1.

quaerendo:

nando, p.
:

way by which translate through. cum concessive.

:

15.

magno
20.

circuitu, etc.

cf. p.

7.

ab

from.

69,

1.

-.i.e. was separated. despexisset: despicio, 3, -spexi, -spectus, look down; cf.

8.

abesset

20.
21.
1.

factus est: from f 15.

10.

prima

7.

early; consueverat:
:

cf.

p.

i.e.

22, sole-

suspexisset, p. 72,

1.

10.

bat.

FIRST LATIN
silvls

READER

77

ambulans feras saepe occidit. Olim, cum vespere primo do mum non redisset, vicini, veritl ne puer ab Indis aut feris esset interfectus, frequentes convenerunt, com5

plurlsque dies erraverunt per silvas, si ullo modo eum invenire possent; quT postremo pervenerunt ad casam ramls caespitibusque aedificatam a puero ipso, qul frustum carnis
in

ignem porrigens huml sine timore solus sedebat. Nam non erraverat sed consults se longius contulerat in silvas, quod procul ab oppidls sine comitibus etiam turn
e via
;

10 libenter

habitabat.

PaucTs post annis pater multa milia passuum ad loca

Ion gin qua cdnstituit in silvas emigrare,

urbes oppidaque minime grata erant.

ubi perventum
est,

quod ipsl quoque Quas ad sedes novas

puer, cum pater fratresque arbores exisclderent agrosque ad satus accipiendos pararent, fens Ininterfectis carnem e silva cotldie domum reportabat. terdum noctu quoque venatus esse dicitur quo quidem
:

lumina enim, ut utl solebat ad feras e latebrls eliciab audivimus, exploratoribus saepe 2oendas magno usui sunt.

tempore facibus ardentibus

2.
1.

ne:

cf.

the note on p. 61,

6.
5.

would say "m the woods." him ; construe with grata. ipsl
:

ramls caespitibusque: abl. of means with aedificatam trans;

13.
15.

quas

this.

late (freely)
7.

" of."

16.
i.e.

satus: satus, -us, M., crop. reportabat note the tense.

:

sine
cf.

timore:
timeo.

uncon-

17.

venatus:

note

the

case

cerned;
8.

longius: absolute compara-

tive.
9.

etiam turn

i.e.

even when
i.e.

(and that dicitur is personal). tempore: i.e. at night; quo freely, on such occasions. In translating, quidem may be omitted.
. .

so young.
10.

18.

facibus

fax,
cf.

facis,

p.,

libenter habitabat:

he

had a
11.

liking for living.

torch; for syntax, 1. 2. ut as.

-

qua, p. 7

12.

pater: sc. eius. in silvas: ace., because of

;

19. 20.

from. magno usui:

:

ab

cf.

the note on

the verb of motion (emigrare)

we

praesidio, p. 65,

1.

4.

78

FIRST LATIN

READER
66

LESSON
The

End

of the Pequots

Natio Indorum crudelissima, quae haud procul a

Novo

Quibus rebus proxima manus exigua missa est, quae At Sagricolls auxilio esset poenasque ab Indis repeteret. mllites longe a litore progredl non audebant qui igitur,
nuntiatis, e provincia
;

Londmi5 habitabat, quondam singulos undique interficere subito coepit.

Insidias collocare ac colonos

parvo frumentl numero direpto tabernacullsque panels inBarcensis, e finibus hostium brevi domum se receperunt bar! vero, hac iniuria graviter permotl, incendia ac caedes
10

undique etiam crudelius iam miscuerunt. Turn denique e provincia missa est classis, cuius praefectus iussus erat mllites exponere in quodam portu parvo, Ille autem, hoqui haud longe a castrls Indorum aberat.
stes ita consilium

suum

facile

cognoscere posse arbitratus,

'5

portum navigavit, cumque classis e conspectu barbarorum longe discessisset, turn demum naves ad Htus Deinde in terram egressus, sine mora per silvas appulit.
via devia
rlretur.

praeter ilium

cum exercitu profectus est, ut a tergo hostes adoIn itinere quasdam Indorum nationes fmitimas 2oadiit, e quibus multi armatl operam suam pollicitl sunt.
5.
1.
.

auxilio:

cf.

usui,

p.

77,

n.
vincia.
12.

provincia:
iussus erat:

i.e.

eadem

pr6'

20,
. .

and see the Vocab.

repeteret:
cf.

poenas
1.

p. 39,

2.

i.e.
:

was under
3,

7.

numero
diripio,

amount.
3,
.

di-

orders.

exponere

expono,

reptS

-ripui, -reptus,

plunder
9.

(cf. rapio) incendia caedes

. .
.

-posui, -positus, land, i.e. if 14. ita:

he

followed

trans-

orders.
18.

late as singulars.
cf.

With incendium
p.
:

posse cf. note, p. 23, 1. 9. via devia: cf. viis devils,

:

incendo.
10.

crudelius

crudeliter, adv.,

a terg5: cf. the 43, 1. 6. use of ex in the phrase omnibus ex

partibus.

savagely,

FIRST LATIN

READER

79

Sic postremo perventum est ad sedes hostium, qui, rati propter timorem colonos praetervectos esse, iam minus dlligenter castra sua custodiebant.

LESSON
The

67

End

of the Pequots (Continued)

Noctu castris appropinquaverunt colon!. Intus erant Suxores quoque llberlque Indorum, intusque audio poterat cantus barbarorum, qul, circum ignis saltantes, victorias ColonI aliquamdiu tacitl exspectasuperiores celebrabant
verunt; turn,
defessi

cum

dies

iam

illucesceret

Indique saltando

somno quiescerent

gravl,

subito in castra portis

loduabus inruperunt.

Qu5 impetu repentmS commotl,

lectis exsiluerunt,

hostes tamen celeriter e

tabernacullsque interpositis, tela in milites conicere fortiter coeperunt plurima. Qu5 animadverso, dux colonorum statim intellexit consilium sibi mutandum esse,
15

suosque tabernaculis ignes admovere

iussit,

deinde celeriter

Quo modo Indi miegresses undique castra circumstare. seri, ignl e castris fugere coactl, a colonis paene ad unum
interfecti sunt; et si qul forte

aciem perruperant, eos

socil

Indi libenter occiderunt.

20

In proelio multi quoque e colonis sunt vulnerati, atque exercitus statim Novum Londmium se recipere coactus est;
x.

rati: i.e. arbitrati.

p.

72,

1.

10.

portis:

cf.

the

6.

saltantes
1.

cf.

saltabant,

p.

57,
7.

i.

superiores:
:

here,

of

time.

note on fenestra, p. 76, 1. 3. 18. si qui eos: lit. if any them (cf. the note on quid, ,
. .

waited. exspectaverunt 8. saltando: for syntax,

p.
cf.

56,
19.

1.

i).

nando, p. 12,
9.

1.
.

17.
.
.

Indi: as adj. libenter occiderunt: freely, were glad to kill

x.

somno

gravl:

cf.

Novum Londinium: town

8o

FIRST LATIN

READER

quo, ut iussum erat, naves iam redierant, ut ibi ducem miliSed hostes panels post mensibus altesque exspectarent. tera pugna victi sunt, neque umquam postea iniuriam ullam
colonis facere potuerunt;
in 5 divlsl, alii

qum

etiam brevi in

manus parvas

aliam nationem ascitl sunt.

LESSON
A
Quondam
Difficult

68

Escape

pueri duo sine timore in agrls apertls cotldie laborabant; nam, etsi colonl turn bellum cum Gallls Indlsviderat.
10

que gerebant, in his regionibus nemo barbaros ullos nuper Sed olim duo Indi subito ex arboribus eruperunt
proximls, puerisque arreptis se celerrime in silvam receperunt Qua re nova perterritus puer minor flere coepit; sed

qul plane sentiebat fletum nihil profuturum esse, fratrem hortatus est ut se fortiter gereret. Per silvam una
alter,

cum
15

Qul, postquam sic captivis iam properabant barbarl. dies multos iter fecerunt, ad lacum pervenerunt longinquum, ubi cum aliis clvibus suls hiemare constituerant.
Ibi dum morantur, linguam barbarorum discere coeperunt pueri. Quo modo maior prima aestate repperit Indos in animo habere in Canadam ducere captlvos, eosque ibi in

names

in the ace.

and

abl.

do not
cf.

n. minor:

i.e.

the younger;

require prepositions to express the ideas "to" and "from."

iussum erat: note the gender. altera pugna: we would say " in" rather than "by."
1.

maior, 1. 18. 12. fletum: fletus, -us, M., crynihil: adverbial ing; cf. fleo.
ace., not
. . .

2.

at

all, lit.

in

no

re-

sped.

profuturum
prodesse,
suis

esse:

3.

neque

umquam

cf.

the note

sum,
avail.
16.
18.

profui,

prohelp, or

on

p. 17, 1. 8. 4. colonis: dat. case.

5.

of theirs.
cf.
:

alii in
,

aliam: some into one

maior:

minor,].
p. 22,
1.

11.

some into another.

prima aestate

cf.

7.

FIRST LATIN
servitutem Gallis vendere.

READER

81

Quare, cibo armlsque arreptis, fratres duo ex hibernis noctu clam fugerunt; ubi autem dies illuxit, in arbore cava se somno dederunt.
Interim Indl cum canibus undique pueros quaerebant. At frater maior, cum canes propius ad arborem accessissent, e somno latratu excitatus, callido usus consilio frustum carnis els proiecit. Quae res puens salutl f uit curn enim canes carnem devorarent, barbari nihil suspicantes arborem prae;

terierunt.

Quo

vlso, puerl rursus profectl

per silvas erra-

loverunt, donee
in

fame laboribusque paene confectl sunt; turn quoddam oppidum colonorum sibi antea Ignotum subito

pervenerunt.

LESSON
Stories about
Ille

69

Daniel Boone

inter feras
15

explorator clarus, cuius de pueritia paulo ante dixi, Indosque paene totam egit aetatem. Olim e

ribus

Carolaena Citeriore trans montes una cum aliis exploratoqumque audacter in valles longinquas contendit ubi uno cum comite ab Indls captus, postquam ab els septem
;

summa diligentia custodltus est, noctu clam surrexit, comiteque e somno excitato, incolumis ad casam pervenit,
dies
20

quam
1.

ipse ceterlque exploratores paulo ante f ecerant. Faucis post anms easdem in regiones colonos cum uxoservitutem:
cf.

F.,

slavery;
2.

servitus, servus.

-utis,

n.
turn. 13.

sibi:

construe with

igno-

autem: and,
;

cuius: modifier of pueritia.

propius: quite close use of the compar. ?

5.

what
M.,
if

14.
15.

aetatem: not aestatem.

Citeriore:
lit.

(citerior,

-ior,
cf.

6.

latratu:

latratus,

-us,

barking. usus est

7.

usus:

translate

as

Nearer, i.e. North-, the note on Ulterioris, p. 70, 1.

-ius),

7.

...

et.

20.

ceteri:
1.

contrast the force

quae:

this.

of aliis,

15.

82

FIRST LATIN

READER

ribus llberisque deduxit ad locum, qui castello maxime idoneus videbatur. Ubi aliquamdiu fortuna prospera usus est;

quondam eius fllia, quae errabat in agrls, ut flores carperet, una cum puellls alils ab Indis capta, in silvas comsed
5

Dum autem iter faciunt, est. ramos fregerunt parvos omnibus locis aut puellae prudentes hum! res aut magno usul erat patripannos rellquerunt quae bus Iratls, qui baud longo intervallo vestigils Insequebantur.
plura milia passuum ducta
;

Barbaris
10

victis,

puellae laetae

domum

reductae sunt.

Paulo post ille explorator ipse iterum captus, diu apud Indos vivere coactus est. Sed postremo, cum per aquam
pr5fluentem cucurrisset, ne vestigia ulla faceret, ad amic5s incolumis pervenit. Multls autem ante mensibus uxor
liberique,

patrem iam pridem mortuum

rati,

ad propinquos

15

suos in Carolaenam Citeriorem maestl se receperant.

LESSON
An
iustum

70

English Privateer

Abhinc multos annos, etsl illo ipso tempore bellum cum Hispanis non gerebatur, quidam praefectus

Britannicus per maria navigabat omnia,

gazamque ac naves

Hispanorum omnibus
6.

locfs spoliabat
tis,

itaque accidit ut,

running,
:

cum

prudentes

prudens, -entis,
locis
:

part.,

lit.

flowing

adj.,
cf.
1.

omnibus the note on eodem loco,

wide-awake.

forward.
14. ratl modifying the whole propinphrase uxor liberique. quos: here, as noun. the note on in cf. 15. in:

p.

7,

4; translate everywhere. ... aut: cf. p. 36,1. 12.

-I, M..,

aut

7. pannos rpannus, of cloth.

strip

silvas, p. 77,
cf. p.

1.

12.

Citeridrem:

8.

interval!5:
1.

cf.

the note on
cf.

81,

1.

15.

p. 57,
1.

4.

vestigiis:

p.

71,

16. 17.

illo

ipso: that particular.

iustus,
-a,

19.

iustum:

-urn,

12.

profluentem

profluens, -en-

regular.

FIRST LATIN READER

secundum
lltus

83

Americae

regionis adlret multas, incolasque tlque tradere cogeret.

Ulterioris navigaret, urbes illlus magnam vim aurl argen-

bant

Llmae duodecim navigia in portu ad ancoram consistequae cum ille spoliaret, certior factus aliam navem
;

gaza onustam hand procul abesse, praeda e duodecim navigiis confestim in suum recepta, e portu statim solvit, sum-

maque
se iam
10

celeritate coepit Insequi

dlvitias

enim etiam maiores

capturum sperabat.
;

Mox in conspectu erat navis fugiens quae nullo modo evadere potuit, cum BritannI celeritate tantopere superabant.

Nave tradita, divitiae maximae intus repertae sunt; etiam gubernator ipse duo pocula argentea habuisse quin
dlcitur.

Quae cum

praefectus vidisset, gubernatori,

"
;

"

Duo
est."

15

pocula tu habes," inquit

bat, invltus praefecto in

alterum mihi

dandum

Turn gubernator miser, qui omnia tradenda plane intellegemanus pocula tradidit ambo.

LESSON
A Roman
ris,

71

Vandal

Quibus rebus admoneor ut de pessimis facinoribus Verhominis plane scelerati, pauca nunc dicam. Nam ille,
4.

Limae
:

a town name what

;

12. 13.

divitiae

cf.

1.8.
cf.

case?
7.

gubernator:
ipse: even.
:

guberna-

vit
9.

suum sc. navigium. cf. navem solverunt, p.

divitias
:

sol-

culum.
15.

61,

1.

16.
8.

alterum one (of the two). tradenda sc. esse.

:

divitiae,

-arum,
p.

plane

full well.
:

p.,

treasures.
10.

fugiens:

cf.

fugientes,

69,1.24.
xx.

dat. 17. praefect5 case; translate as if a genitive. in 19. hominis: apposition

cum:

causal.

celeritate:
1.

with
cf.

for syntax, cf. animo, p. 37,

20.

tantopere:

cf.

p. 73,

1.

7.

Verris. plane: utterly, the rendering in the note on 1. 16. pauca: note the gender.

84

FIRST LATIN READER

These remnants of a house door serve

to

show why the word

;

for

house doors were arranged almost always to open inward rather than outward on the inside there was a more or less primitive lock or bolt, and sometimes
is

"door"

plural in Latin.

Roman

a bar too was used.

FIRST LATIN

READER

85

cum

praetor in Sicilia esset, omnibus locls oppida templaque spoliavit quin etiam tantae erat avaritiae, ut ne pauperriml quidem SiculT bona videre posset, quin statim ea Interdum autem a suis comitibus est possidere vellet.
;

elusus.

Sicut memoriae traditum est eum olim certiorem factum cuidam Siculo esse duo pocula argentea; quo audlto, etsl aedes eiusdem hominis nuper spoliatae erant, nuntium statim mlsit, qui pocula ad se sine mora deferri iuberet. 10 Siculus igitur, veritus ne sibi malum accideret maius, confestim cum poculls ad praetorem profectus est. Qu5 ubi iam amforte sed ante fores quiescebat pervenit, praetor bulabant quidam ex ipslus amlcls, homines improbl, quorum tamen consilio ille multum uti consueverat: qui Siculo sunt pocula?" inquiunt. Turn homo miser 15 statim, "Ubi primo queri coepit bona omnia sibi eripi, deinde eos vehementer hortatus est ut sibi auxilio essent. Quo audlto, ill! "Quantum nobis dabis," inquiunt, "si pocula tibi non eripientur?" Turn Siculus spe erectus, praemium satis ma;

1.

praetor

(-oris,
:

M.)

(as)

templa see the picgovernor. ture of a Sicilian temple shown on

p. 96.
2.

10. malum: as noun, modified by maius. n. ad praetorem: to the gov-

ernor*s residence

(cf.

1.

i).

tantae

avaritiae

for

paupersyntax, cf. p. 62, 1. 14. rimi pauper, -eris, adj., poor. vellet: without 3. quin
:

with the verb, render "chanced to"; cf. the free treatment of libenter, p. 77, 1. 10.
12. forte
:

13.
bi:

ipslus
uti

i.e.

Verris.

impro-

ivishing,

lit.

but that

(qum) he
2,

improbus,
14.
:

-a, -urn,

unprincipled,
1.

wanted.
4.

freely,
cf.

depend upon.
p. 76,

possidere:
-sessus,

possideo,

consueverat:
16.

21.
;

-sedi,

possess. cheated.

suis

sibi

dat. of disadvantage
cf.
1.

note the position of the word.

est elusus
6. is
:

we would say ''from him."

17.

was

auxilio

p. 78,

5.

memoriae traditum est

lit. it

it

18.
19.

quantum: as noun.
erectus
(-a,

recorded,

is

handed down

-um,

part.)

to

remembrance.

elated,

or inspired.

86

FIRST LATIN

READER

gnum pollicitus est, poculaque brevl domum laetus reportavit comites enim praetoris, cum ille e somno experrectus esset,
audacl mendacio us! non dubitaverunt conflrmare pocula
sibi

non digna

viderl,

quae in eius mensa ponerentur.

LESSON

72

Indian Vengeance
5

Indl American! non solum

cum

colonis saepe bellum

gesserunt, sed inter se quoque pugnare consueverant acerrime. Sicut in Britannia Nova rex quidam, nomine Miantonirno,

regem
10

diu per Insidias conatus est interficere fmitimum, ut ipse solus duarum nationum
;

Uncam, regnum

obtineret
subito

cum autem ista consilia eum fefellissent omnia, magno cum exercitu in vlcln! fines quam celerrime
:

contendit
certior

Uncas

factus, copias coegerat et

est.

vero, de eius adventu ab exploratoribus sine mora ad pugnam

profectus
15

duae Instructae sunt, Uncas, paulum ante suos progressus, se velle dlxit solum cum Miantonimone solo dlmicare, ut sine detrimento ceter5rum res diiudicarl posset.
acies

Ubi

Quod cum

ille

recusaret,

Uncas c5nsulto

in terram pro-

lapsus est, eiusque mllites,

2.

clamore sublato, super ducem

12.
cf.

experrectus

esset:

exper-

Uncas: for the declension,

p. 23,
1.

giscor, 3, -perrectus
3.

N., lie.

sum, wake up. mendacio: mendacium, -1, us! translate as if a

:

the note on Cercas,

16.

4.

velle:

was

willing.

so-

lum

present.
4.

what
. .
.

pred. adj. with dlmicare ; other part of speech has the

(cf.
1.

digna

quae: with sub-a,

same form?
17.

5).

junct, worthy to (dignus,

-um)

ceterorum:

we would say
diiudicarl: dl-

mensa: mensa,
8.

-ae, p., table.

"to the others."

iudico, 18.
ille:
i,

Insidias

see the Vocab.

fallo.

9.

10.

fefellissent:

duarum: the two. from

decide, or settle. quod: this (proposal).

Miantonimo.

FIRST LATIN

READER

87

iacentem sagittas plurimas coniecerunt in hostis; qui repentlna re perterriti se c5nfestim in silvas paludesque contulerunt.

Qua

in

ipso captus est.

5

fuga perierunt multi, rexque ab Unca Ab inimlco salutem petere dux victus
paulo post securl percussus est

scilicet nolebat, et

quidem tempore Uncas, cum

quo inimlcum hum! moribun:

dum
tae

vidisset,

stumque enim

eius umerum sica appetivisse dicitur, frucarnis inde abscfsum vultu laeto devorasse; tansaevitiae sunt

mores Indorum.

LESSON
A
10

73

Tale of Brave

Women

Abhinc multos annos, cum in provincils, quae ad occidentem spectant adhuc ran essent colon!, exploratores quidam, domo trans montes profecti, per regiones Ignotas multa milia passuum iter fecerunt, et postremo locum ido-

neum
15

nacti, procul

castellum

parvum

collocaverunt

ab amlcis in rlpa pulcherrimi fluminis quibus rebus factis, nun;

tios mlserunt, qui

eodem mulieres llberosque deducerent. Hiems iam appropinquabat omnes tamen cum nuntiTs
;

libenter
i.

domo

egress! sunt, et navigils parvls vectl secundo

prostrate-, sc. hac.
lit.

iacentem:

what?
4. 5.

repentmare: ab 0f.
:

12. domo: the ace. and abl. of domus have the construction of town names (cf. the note on p. 79,
1.

securl

percussus est:
lit.
:

i.e.

21).
16.

was

executed;
6.
7.
8.

what?
of means.

quidem omit in translation.

sica
:

abl.

relation to idem, as eo to quo to qui.

17.

eodem: bearing the same is, and omnes:

i.e.

inde:
cf.

i.e.fromit.-r-wM&
1.

the

women and

laeto
for

p. 58,

4.
cf.

devorasse

children.
18.

the

form,

navigasset,
1.

secundo:

cf.

the force of

p. 3, 1. 1. 10. occidentem: cf. p. 65,

1.

the prep, secundum, and contrast that of adverse (flumine).

88

FIRST LATIN READER

summo

flumine ad castellum versus per aquam glacie impeditam labore contenderunt. Barbarl interim paene cotl-

numero
5

die e ripis tela coniciebant; et postremo multl e colonorum exitiali morbo affectl sunt. Qua re cognita, hostes

e rlpa scaphls audacter progressl, navigium ceperunt quo aegrl vehebantur, hominesque miseros Interfecerunt omnes.

Tantis in perlculis non virl solum sed etiam mulieres

virtutem

dam
10

maximam praestiterunt. Sicut, cum in saxo abscondito adhaesisset, mulieres

aquam
frigidam,
alterius vir hostes armis deterrebat.

scapha quaeduae exsilue-

runt in

cum
nica

quadam

puella vix

scaphamque de saxo detruserunt, Atque in liburadulta omnibus salutl fuit; cum

enim ab Indls tela conicerentur plurima, virique se tegere conarentur, haec virgo fortis, cum liburnicam vl fluminis 15 ad rlpam deferri animadvertisset, gubernaculis arreptis navem in cursu tenuit, donee vulnerata est quin etiam ne turn quidem gemitum ullum edidit, neque e manibus guber;

nacula elabi passa

est.

LESSON
Et hac
et alils aetatibus

74

The Treasure Seekers

homines credull consueverant
in

2ocavernis maris frustra quaerere naves,

6.

quae olim gaza

:

aegri: as
alterius:
vir:

noun;

cf.

vulne-

15.
16.

gubernaculis:
in cursu
i.e.

rati, etc.

cf. p. 64, 1.9. in the chan-

11.

two).
12.

of one (of the husband.

adultus,
i.e.

nel.
18.

elabi
:
.

adulta:

-a,

-urn,

sum, slip
19.

part.,
13.
c<n>er.

grown
se

up. get under

:

et

elabor, 3, cf prolabor. et: cf. p.

:
. .

-lapsus
1.

7,

2.

tegere:

temporibus. credull: credulus, -a, -um, credulous.

aetatibus:

i.e.

14.

virgo (-inis, F.)

.

maiden.

cum
translate

animadvertisset:
partic. phrase.

20.

cavernis:

caverna, -ae, F.,

by a

cavern.

FIRST LATIN

READER
;

89

onustae in marl naufragium fecisse dicuntur interdum autem fortuna prosperiore usi sunt. Sicut abhinc multos annos quldam negotiator, e Britannia Nova paucls cum comitibus profectus, ad locum navigavit longinquum, ubi
5

gaza maxima multls ante annis naufragio amissa esse dlcebatur. Quo cum venisset, arborem altissimam statim
excldit

scaphamque
nihil

fecit,

quae ad freta finitima exploranda

est.

usul esset.

Aliquamdiu

repertum

10 toto die diligenter

laboravissent ac spe

Olim tamen, cum nautae omnl paene sublata

ad navem se defessi conferrent, quldam ex els forte submersam animadvertit algam formosam, cuius-pulchritudine captus servum Indum e scapha exsillre eamque carpere
15

iussit; ille vero, ubi cum alga se ex aqua emersit, sub marl confirmavit sese multa arrna vldisse. Quo audlto, omnes

ecfrenate gaudebant,

gium

invenisse,

cum sentlrent se iam demum navimenses multos quaesiverant. quod Quare

;

mare exsiluerunt Indi alii a quibus brevl e navilaminae gio argenteae complures elatae sunt. Postero die
statim in
20 nautae,

cum eodem prima luce cum praefecto redissent, e mari vim argent! incredibilem una cum gemmls plurimis
naufragium naufragium, shipwreck (navis -f frango) usisunt: they have had.
: .

facile receperunt.
1
.

-um,
13.
14.

graceful.

pulchritudine

-I,

N.,
2.

pulchritude, -inis, ?,, beauty.

servum: helper.
se
.
.

8.

usul esset: see the Vocab.

toto die:

emersit: emerged,
3,

10.

translate

as

if

or came
-mersus).
15. 19.

up (emergo,
:

-mersi.

ace.
11.

omnl:

freely, entirely.

forte:
1.

12.

quldam: as noun (sing.). cf. the note on p. 85, submersam: sub mersus,
part.,

sese

i.e.

se.

laminae: lamina,

-ae,

p.,

plate, or strip.
20.

-a,

-um,

submerged,

i.e.

prima
1.

luce:
i.
:

cf.

vespere
-ae,

under the surface. 12. algam: alga, -ae, p., seaf ormosus, -a, weed. formosam
:

primo, p. 77,
21.

gemmls

gemma,

p.,

jewel.

90

FIRST LATIN

READER

LESSON

75

A
Olim
in finibus

Dangerous Conspiracy

Indorum ab Americanls

constituta est

provincia maxima, ex qua pars quaedam etiam nunc InProvincia constituta rex Indus, nomine diana appellatur.

Tecumsa, qui ne elves sul brevl patriam totam dimitterent timere coeperat, omnibus locls palam dicere non dubitavit sine consensu omnium nationum Indls agrum nullum ven-

dendum esse; ac postrem5, concilils undique convocatis, barbaros hortatus est ut se sequerentur hostisque invisos e
finibus suis expellerent.
10

Deinde, causa iter

ipsi

cum ad caput provinciae legatl conveniendi fecisset, quamquam in legatl aedium vestibule
:

comitibusque subsellia posita erant, ibi sedere noluit terram enim conflrmavit esse Indorum matrem, seque in ea stare malle; itaque legatus ad colloquium in silvam
progredi coactus
est.

15

hementer

est Ira

colloquuntur, Tecumsa vecommotus, eiusque comites securls conIbi

dum

festim arripuerunt. Sed Americam pauci, qui adstabant, statim expedierunt arma, mllitesque summa celeritate ad

legatum defendendum adcurrerunt; quibus rebus territi, At legatus, qui plane sentiebat 20 Indl nihil turn ausi sunt.

cum barbarls sibi mox dlmicandum

4.

esse, copias satis

ipsi:

magnas
subsel-

1.5.
5. 6. 6.

ne: depending on timere, t5tam: translate by an adv. omnibus locis cf. p. 82, 1.
:

12.
lia
:

Tecumseh.

subsellium, -i, N., bench. the few. 17. pauci:

1 8.

expedierunt

i.e.

expedlve:

M., case.
xx.
N.,

consensus, -us, Indls concurrence. dat.

: :

consensu

runt.
cf.
1.

ad

...

defendendum

the
ii.
19.

construction with
adcurrerunt:
est,

causa,

vestibulS:

vestibulum,

-I,

adcurro,

3,

entrance court.

-cum, -cursum

run

up.

FIRST LATIN

READER
Tecumsa
interim, ut

91

quam

omnls Indos ad arma vocaret, reliquas gentes diligenter iam circelerrime cogere coepit.

cumlbat.

LESSON
A
5 sibi

76

Dangerous Conspiracy (Continued)

potuit, legatus, consilio callido

Priusquam rex Indus cum sociis redire initium belli esse faciendum ratus,
;

pugnam profectus, legiones flumine adverse pauca milia passuum duxit, turn subito in ripam transiit alteram. Putabat enim (id quod factum est)
barbaros Insidias collocaturos ea in ripa, in qua primo
iter

usus est

nam

ex urbe ad

icfacere ipse coepisset. Copils igitur flu men traductis, sine detriment ullo contendit ad oppidum, ubi domicilium Te-

cumsa habebat.

Cum
15

legatus

propius accessisset, regis frater, qul turn

oppido praeerat, nuntium misit, qul diceret postero die Indos condiciones pads petlturds. Itaque AmericanI prope

oppidum posuerunt castra, armisque expeditls se somno dederunt. At vigilia circiter quarta subit5 auditus est
ululatus

Indorum, qul undique castra iam obsidebant sono ad aures adlato, milites e somno excitatl ignis quo
;

5.

initium: initium,

-I,

N., be-

flumen
transdo).

ductis

(cf.

trade

for

ginning. The whole phrase may be rendered freely, thinking that he ought to take the initiative in
the war',
8.
lit.

n. domicilium: domicilium,
N., residence,

-I,

id

quod

what? factum

14.

praeerat:
note.
.
.

cf.

p.

58,

1.

12,

est:

as

and the
17.

actually proved to be the case, lit. the thing which (actually) hap-

vigilia

quarta:

i.e.

toward morning, the night being

divided into four equal watches. 19. qu5 sono ad aures adlato:
cf.

pened.
9.

ea:

modifying ripa.
:

in

qua: upon (or along) which. 10. flumen traductis i.e. trans

p.

73, fires.

1.

n.

ignis:

the

(camp}

92

FIRST LATIN

READER

confestim extinxerunt, ne ab hostibus conspici possent. Sic tris fere horas in nocte obscura ab Americanls fortis-

sime pugnatum est; turn prlma luce, eruptione facta, in

fugam coniecerunt hostls, oppidumque incenderunt. 5 Oppido incenso Tecumsa, postquam rediit, consilia sua
perficere nullo

modo

cum American!

potuit paucis autem post mensibus, Britannis bellum indixissent, in exercitu

;

Britannico legatus factus

est.

LESSON
A
10

77

Quick- Witted Messenger

Olim, cum in pr5vinciis, quae ad meridiem spectant, AmericanI cum Britannis diu gessissent bellum ac saepe superati essent, dux quidam Americanus ad imperatorem alium litteras mittere volebat at primo reperirl poterat nemo, qui eas deferre auderet, quod undique hostes vias Postremo autem mulier quaedam, " Ego litobsidebant. " i5teras adferam," inquit; quidvis audere malo, quam domi animo morari suspense."
;

adducto, nuntia sine mora conscendit, ac, confestim profecta, in itinere ab hostibus intercepta est. Quam cap-

Equo

tarn milites

maxima

diligentia custodierunt,
si

2ovocarl posset, quae litteras quaereret, vestlmentis tectae essent.

donee mulier quae forte nuntiae

litteras

Dum
i.

vero mulier exspectatur, nuntia

subject,

celeriter

possent:
1.
.

milites

13.

auderet:

(see p. 91,
7.

19).
. .

15.

would venture. quam: (rather} than.

:

cum
:

indixissent:

17.

nuntia (-ae, F.)

translate

by a

Britannis

phrase. translate the dat.

partic.

18.

captam:
posset
1.
:

i.e.

after
si

messenger. her
cf.

capture.
20.

"upon."
8.

could.

quae

legatus

an

officer.

p. 65,

2.

FIRST LATIN
perlegit,

READER

93

singula.

cumque eas discerpsisset, fragmenta chartae edit Quae res el salutl fuit: altera enim mulier, cum
scilicet
;

invenire potuit quare nuntiam incolumem abire petita, Ilia autem summa celeritate ad castra Ameri5 passi sunt. cana contendit, imperatoremque certiorem fecit de rebus

postremo venisset, nihil mllites, venia contumeliae

omnibus, quae in

litteris

scrTptae erant.

LESSON

78

Fortune favors the Brave

In exercitu Americans olim erat centuri5 quldam, nomine lasper, qul semper in periculls maximis libenter verlosabatur. Slcut, cum Britanm castra quaedam oppugnavexillumque Americanum tells abreptum in terram extra munltiones cecidisset, inter tela, quae plurima horent,

stes coniciebant, e castris erupit

in vallo rursus posuit.
15

ille,

vexillumque arreptum

Ac paulo post, cum cognovisset Americanos paucos a Britannls capitis damnatos Savannam ad mortem deducl,
un5 cum comite profectus, ad fontem baud procul ab ea urbe
in Insidils latebat, ut cTvibus suis,

Mox
x.

in

conspectum

posset, auxilio esset. venerunt captlvl, quos mllites decem

si
3,
9.

discerpsisset:
-cerptus,
:

discerpo,

libenter versabatur
be.
(-1,

freely,

-cerpsl,

tear

up.
-I,

delighted to
N.,
F.,
1 1
.

fragmenta
bit.

fragmentum,
:

vexillum
flags

N.)

chartae
2.
4.

charta,

-ae,

the

Roman

shown on

flag, cf. p. 162.

paper.
f uit
:

12.

plurima: freely, thick

capitis:
cf.

and
and
the

proved to

be.

fast.
16.

contumeliae: translate the " for " gen. (cf. audaciae, p. 39,
1.

p. 47,
:

1.

6,

the note.
i.e.

Savannam
1.

see

2).
6.

note on p. 79,
contendit:

21.

ad mortem:

pushed on.

to execution,

94
;

FIRST LATIN

READER

custodiebant e quibus octo, ubi ad fontem perventum est, armls sub arboribus relictis, aquam haurire properaverunt.

Turn lasper eiusque amicus eruperunt e

custodibus occlsls
5

latebrls,

duobusque
:

mllites

ceteros

se

dedere coegerunt

captlvis Britannicis atque clvibus, quos servaconfestim ad castra Americana se contulerunt. verant,

deinde

cum

Haud semper autem laspero res tarn fellciter evenerunt; paucls enim post annis interfectus est, cum summa audacia procucurrisset ex acie atque in hostium vallo vexillum
lodeflxisset

Americanum.

LESSON

79

Andrew Jackson

Nunc mihi pauca dicenda

sunt de rebus gestis Americani

cuiusdam, nomine lacsonis, qui obscuro loco natus, postremo rei publicae prlnceps factus est. Qui adhuc puer in bello, quod prlmum Britannl cum Americanis gesserunt,
isfortiter

versatus, una cum fratre ab hostibus captus, in morbo gravi affectus est. Mater autem brevi efficere potuit ut filii ambo cum captlvis Britannis commuta-

carcere

rentur.

Multis post annis,

1.

cum

Britannl iterum
13.

cum Americanis
(while}
:

ad

quibus: near.
haurire:

i.e.

militibus.

adhuc:

still.

in

bello,

quod primum
efftcere
;
.
.

i.e.

in primo

2.

haurio,

4,

hausi,

bello, quod.
16.
.

haustus, draw.
3.

ut

freely,

ar-

duobus: the two.

laspero, etc.
1.
:

range that
the simi17.

lit.
:

what?
translate as adj.
:

7.

cf.

captlvis

lar phrase, p. 43,

8.

16.

cum: conjunction.
vexillum:
loco
:

9.

cf. p.
;

12.
cf.

station
7,

93, 1. 11. for syntax,

the note on p.

1.

4.

commute, \,exchange ; in connection with this verb, cum may be rendered "for." i.e. from the 19. iterum year 1812 on.
:

commutarentur

FIRST LATIN

READER

95

bellum gererent, Indi, quodam castello Americanorum expugnato, non solum armatos sed etiam mulieres liberosque

summa
serceret;
mllites

crudelitate occiderunt.

Qua

caede nuntiata, lacso,

ut hostls cofecisset, etsi

dilectu habito,

quam celerrime profectus est, cumque multa milia passuum iter

Iab5rando defessl semel iterumque negabant se longius progressuros, pervenit postremo ad castra munltissima, quae in ripa flOminis TallapOsae posuerant Indi. Ubi acriter pugnatum est castra tamen sunt capta, hostes;

10

que paene ad
coactl sunt.

perierunt aut in Floridam f ugere Victoria potltus lacso summa comitate regem

unum

aut

ibi

Indorum

accepit, qu!

equo vectus castra intrare

est ausus
libe-

petitum ut frumento AmericanT iuvarent mulieres

15

rosque Indos, qul in silvis latentes rabant.

famem aegre iam

80

tole-

LESSON

Pirates Ashore

Quondam

in

marl Atlantico secundum

litus

Americanum

ultro citroque navigabant piratae, qul omnibus locis naves e quibus unus, vel Americarias vel Britannicas spoliabant
;

summae audaciae homo,

20 Is

liburnicls praeerat compluribus.

olim oppugnare constituit oppidum longinquum, quod numquam antea spoliatum erat, cuiusque incolae locupletes

esse dlcebantur.

Sine detrlmento liburnicae in portum venerunt

4.

turn

dilectu:

dllectus,

-us,

M.,

levy.
5. etsi: modifying the preceding clause. 6. laborando: gerund.
1 1
.

petitum: supine; 'another saying ut peteret. frumento (a contribution of)

13.

way

of

grain.
14.

latentes:
:

in

their hiding

victoria

the

same

con-

places
17.

lit.

what ?
:

struction as with utor.

navigabant

kept sailing.

96

FIRST LATIN

READER

TEMPLUM

It is

The above building, found in Sicily, is of Grecian architecture. known as the Temple of Concord. Roman temples were reguconstructed on Greek models.

larly

FIRST LATIN READER

97

in

autem captlvus quidam, qui minus diligenter custodiebatur, mare clam exsiluit, ac nando incolumis pervenit ad lltus qui sine mora oppidanos de consiliis piratarum certiores
:

oppidanl summa dlligentia Deinde, postquam plratae e 5bona sua celare coeperunt. navibus egress! milites paucos, qui oppido erant praesidio
fecit.

Quo

nuntio accepto,

relictl,

in

fugam coniecerunt,

elves ipsl, aedibus clausls,

;

tela in hostes

prlmo coniecerunt plurima sed postremo, timore detriment! etiam maioris coacti, se maesti dedide10 runt.

dam

Quos omnls plratae, victoria potiti, Ubi ill! fame sunt paene coegerunt.

in

templa quae;

necati

victores

enim interim tarn bene se habebant, ut miserorum oblivlscerentur.

omnmo

captivorum

LESSON

81

Carrying the Tribute

15

Abhinc multosannos AmericanI, antequam res publica vaHda facta est, tributum pendere solebant cuidam regl Africano, ne plratae earum regionum(qui sub eius imperio erant)
naves suas spoliarent. Olim, cum praefectus Americanus tributl istlus ferendl causa ad Africam navigasset, rex ille,
qui forte nuntium
i
.

cum dono Byzantium hoc

;

fere

tempore
vic-

minus

not very

what use

11

coegerunt
tarn

crowded.

of the
4.

com par. ?
nuntio: news, or informacelare: celo,
I,

tores

victor, -oris,

M
se

victor.

12.

bene
est:

habebant:

tion.
5.

TVere

having so good a time.

facta
freely,

conceal, or

15.

had
3,

hide.
6.

grown.
paucos
:

pendere:
:

pendo,
.
.

pe-

cf.
cf.
:

paucT, p. 90,
p. 65,
cf.
1.

1.

1710.

praesidiS:
8.

4.

pendi, pensus, pay. 16. ne so that .

19.

not.

quos omnis

qui omnes,

Byzantium
1.

see the note

p.

571-

on

p. 79,

21.

98

FIRST LATIN

READER

ad regem supremum mittere volebat (nam ipse quoque tributum pendere cogebatur), ab Americanls postulavit ut nave sua hanc rem susciperent. Praefectus scilicet se nolle

Nonne servl estis ? " inquit "nonne Hanc rem mehercle nisi conf estim 5 tributum mihi penditis ? naves omnes Americanae, quae in marl Medisuscipietis,
respondit; sed rex,
"
:

terraneo navigant, a piratis statim capientur."

igitur

Praefectus
:

animo baud aequo Byzantium proficlsci coactus est ubi autem rex supremus Americanos summo accepit honore; iccumque discederent, duel etiam dedit diploma.

navis paucis post diebus ad lltus Africae rursus appulsa esset, rex Africanus, qui iam oblltus erat se pollicitum esse nihil amplius ab Americanls postulatum Tri, prae-

Cum

iterum Byzantium navigare cumque id Turn minatus est. etiam mortem isrecusaret, praesentem timor regis praefectus diploma porrexit; quo viso, tantus
iussit
;

f ectum

animum

occupavit, ut venia contumeliarum petlta Ameri-

canos sine mora redire

domum

pateretur.

LESSON
A
Eo
1.

82

Successful

Ambuscade

tempore, quo colon! cum Philippo, rege Indorum 2oclaro, bellum gerebant, oppido quodam a barbaris incenso,
regem supremum:
pendere:
of.
:

i.e.

the

10.

diploma:
-atis, N.,

ace. sing, of di-

Sultan.
2.
cf.

ploma,
p. 97,
1.

passport.
Iri
:

15.

13.

postulatum
recusaret
:

what
to
;

in-

ab:

fin.?
:

i.e. n5n + ne this 4. nonne combination assumes the answer

15-

object

subest:

"yes." 5. mehercle:

praefectus. ject, minor, r, threaten.

1617.
1.

minatus

interjection,

my
8.

hattdom;

lit.

(so

help}

by me,
the

diploma: cf. 1. 10. contumeliarum: cf.

quo:

p. 93,

Hercules.

4,

and the note.

when,
lit.

Byzantium:
cf. p.

translate
97,
1.

19.

during

ace, "for";

19.

which.

FIRST LATIN

READER

99

magna

vis

frumentl ab

els Integra in agris relicta est.

Qu5

cognito, imperator colonorum, tantam frumentl

copiam non temere dimittendam ratus, ab oppid5 fmitimo legatum cum mllitibus proficlsci iussit, ut f ruges ad belli sedem reportaret. Ille igitur iumenta carrosque statim coegit multos, ac confestim in agros
illos

contendit

ubi nullo impediente fruest.

mentum omne

in carros sine

mora impositum

Postquam tamen copias reducere coepit, legatus silvas veritus (per quas tria mllia passuum iter faciendum erat) io mllites primo armis expedltis progredl iussit. Cum vero agmen e silva incolume evasisset, omnia pericula suos iam eifugisse arbitratus, via minus diligenter explorata, in
Insidias

subito

incidit,

quas hostes fecerant in palude

15

quadam, per quam rivus parvus fluebat. Quern ad locum ubi perventum est, repente auditus est undique ululatus Indorum, telaque plurima inmissa sunt. Qua re nova
permotl mllites null5 modo resistere potuerunt, praesertim cum numero barbari multo essent superiores. Qum etiam e

20 ter

proelio colonl vix septem oct5ve eff ugerunt quare prop" cladem ibi acceptam hie locus postea " rlvus cruentus
;

appellabatur.

LESSON
An
Eodem
3.

83

Intrepid

Commander
in scaphis olim eo c5nsilio

bello

quidam colonl

profectl sunt, ut
fmitimo:
:

cum
to the

Indls fmitimis aut

burned
12.

pacem

facerent,
use but

i.e.

arbitratus,

etc.:

town.
4. fruges frux,frugis, ?., fruit belli pi., crop. (of the earth) sedem i.e. the base of operations.
; :

one

part, in the English sentence. 13. incidit: incido, 3, -cidi,

fall into (in+cado).

14. 19.

rivus

brook.
i.e.

iumenta: iumentum, -I, N., multos beas* of burden. see the note on rati, p. 82, 1. 14.
5.
:

octove:

octo
:

+ ve.
syntax,
15.

22.
cf.

eodem

bello

for
1.

primo

bello, p. 62,

ioo
aut
els

FIRST LATIN
indicerent

READER

severarent.
colon!,

Philippum adiuvare perscaphis egressi, per agros contendebant

bellum,
si
:

cum

repentmo eo quoque proelio Indl numero erant multo superiores; dux enim colonorum qumdecim tantum milites secum turn habebat.
Is

milites

subito ululatus audltus est, et barbari impetu ad lltus se recipere coegerunt nam in

autem, vir

summae

constantiae,

locum idoneum

nactus, suos hortatus est ne se ammo demitterent, et ipse res sic geritur, animadvertit dlmicavit. loacriter

Dum

forte

unum

comitibus

ita

territum,

ut

nullo

modo

pugnare posset.
faceret,

Quo

viso,

hominem

iussit
:

lapides com-

portare, qui pro munitione usui essent

sagitta subito lapidem

percussit,

quod cum iste quern manibus

isferebat;

quo miraculo permotus (nam vltam a dls ita servatam esse existimabat), animos homo resumpsit, summaque virtute una cum ceterls pugnavit. sed navis Brev! tela colonorum deficere coeperunt;
adventu opportune servati sunt. Dux tamen, cum nollet Indos putare se timore discessisse, etiam turn in agris

20

paulum moratus fontem paulo ante

i.

est

ad petasum

petendum, quern ad

reliquerat.

els: cf. the note

1.

on Britan-

mood.
14.

iste: the soldier,

ms,

p. 92,
4. 8.
9.

7.

manibus
lit.

cf. p. 7,

1.

9.
-i,

ad: toward.

15.

miraculo: mlraculum,

N.,

locum: position. animo for syntax,

:

providence,
cf.

strange happen-

the

more
.

familiar phrase,
cf.

animo
on

ing. 16.
sit
:

animos courage.
:

resump-

demissus.
11

resumo,

3,

-sumps!, -sumptus,

forte
1.

the

note

recover.
19.

p. 85, 12.

12.

cumn511et: translate by a

quo: neut.

lapides

lapis,

-idis, M., stone.

partic. phrase. 20. timore : abl. of cause.

13.

p.

89,

pro: as, or for. 1. 8. essent:

usui:

cf.

note

the

21. petasum: petasus, broad-brimmed hat.

-i,

M.,

FIRST LATIN

READER
84

LESSON
Burned at

the Stake

Indorum multa narrantur. Sicut, cum a colonorum Gallls quoddam oppidum barbarlsque esset expugnatum, ampliusque qulnquaginta oppidan! capt!
crudelitate
essent, hostes

De

cum

captivis miserls confestim

iter faciunt,

domum

con-

Stenderunt.

Dum

autem

Onus e

captivis,

homo

obesus, qui onus grave ferre coactus tardius sequebatur, se posse clam effugere ratus, onus subito in via deposuit

atque in arbore cava latere conatus est. Hie autem ab Indis brevl repertus, veste detracta per lonivem nudus progredi est coactus; quo mod5 usque ad

Turn barbarl, captive ad arborem religato, ignem pedetemptim admovebant, donee homo moribundus vlsus est; deinde rursus paulum reducebant, Quin etiam, ne hoc quidem quo diutius cruciaretur.

noctem

iter

factum

est.

15

content!, frusta absclderunt vlscerum, ut cruciatu captlvl oculos suos pascerent, cum interim canerent aut saltarent

rldentes

et postremd,
:

ne contumelia
;

ulla deesset,
:

corpus

i.e. more (than) 3. amplius such expressions as "above a thousand."

cf.

14. quo replacing ut, as it regularly does when the purpose clause contains a comparative.

6.

obesus

(-a,

-um)

stout.

cruciaretur: crucio,
ture.
15.

tardius: absol. compar.

7. 9.

i, (keep in) torhoc: (neut.) noun.

onus: onus,
hie
:

-eris, N., load.

content!:

contentus,

-a,

the adv.

veste:

i.e.

vestimento.
11.

-um, with abl., content (witJi). frusta vlscerum not frustra.

:

iter

factum est: translate

viscus,
flesh. 16.

-eris,

N.,

(sing,

and

pi.)

by an
12.

active form.

ignem: the fire,

admove-

bant: kept moving up. 13. reducebant: sc.

eum
1.

(i.e.

pascerent: pasco, 3, pSvi, pastus, with abl., feast . . (upon). Strictly, cruciatu is abl. of means,
.

ignem).
perfect,

For the
cf.

force of this im17.

17.

deesset

rapiebant, p. 7,

force of the

what is the literal word (de + sum) ?

:

FIRST LATIN

READER

mortui in favlllam residere passl sunt, quo postea maiore

amici dolore afficerentur,

cum

eius

casum viderent

miserri-

mum.

LESSON
An
Dlim
5

85

Early Morning Surprise

GallT Indique castellum quoddam hieme expugnare constituerant. Quare per nivem altam summo labdre progressi, nocte

intempesta in silva baud procul ab oppido

deinde, impediments praesidio pauquarta fere exacta ad munltiones pede;

castra collocaverunt
cls relictls, vigilia.

10

temptim accesserunt. Nam per nivem gelu rigidam iter iam faciendum erat, timebantque ne sonus a col5ms audiretur; quam ob rem ab imperatore iussl erant paulum progredl,

paulum stare, turn iterum paulum progredl, ut strepitus exercitus per nivem iter facientis sonus tantum ventorum videretur. At nihil suspicabantur colon!; qum etiam
turn
15

custodes ipsl

somno gravissimd

quiescebant.
;

Itaque hostes

facillime in castellum pervenerunt nix enim una ex parte tarn alta fuit, ut munltiones vix exstarent. Turn demum,

ululatu acrl sublato, barbari colonos perterritos confestim detraxerunt e lectls, et undique caedes incendiaque miscuerunt.
1. mortui: as noun (gen. favlllam favilla, -ae, p., masc.) embers. residere reside, 3, -sedi, sink down. quo: cf. p. 101, 1. maiore: {all the} greater. 14.
.

rigidam: rigidus,
lit.

-a,

-um, crusted,

stiff.
:

2.
4.

amid: nom.pl.
hieme:
paucis exacta
:

abl.

of time

when

10. ne note the nature of the governing verb 13. facientis: modifying exercitus. sonus: pred. nom. with videretur tantum: (sc. esse).
.

or within which.
7.

the adv.

as (masc.) noun.

8.

from exigo

con-

16. una ex parte ex partibus, p. 44, 1.

cf.

omnibus
I,

strue with vigilia,

and

cf.

the note

on

p. 91,
9.

1.
:

17.

6.

17.
,

exstarent:
project, or

exsto,

9.

appear (above).
:

gelu

gelus, -us, M., frost.

19.

caedes, etc.

cf. p. 78,

1.

FIRST LATIN

READER

103

In castello praeda multa hostes potTti sunt atque ad vesperum, caede incendiisque aliquando defessi, se ad
silvam contulerunt.
erat
:

Victoria

tamen non incruenta parta

;

nam intra castellum erant complura tecta minora 5 quorum unum cum barbari expugnare f rustra conarenturj
tells

inde coniectis rnulti interfecti erant.

LESSON

86

Some Very Distinguished Geese

Quibus rebus admoneor de impetu, quern Galli antlqui abhinc multos annos in Capitolium fecerunt, cum exercitus
vlcissent

Romanos, urbemque ipsam incendissent.

;

Prlmo

lointerdiu hostes adorti sunt,

ascenderunt
tantaque
auderent.

sed

Romam

summaque audacia saxa aspera desuper eorum aciem tarn facile

ut

caede

deiecerunt,

numquam

postea

idem

Deinde autem, cum multos dies Capitolium obsessum

15

esset nee praesidium (quamquam se dedere vellet, noctu Capitolium

stituerunt.

summa

erat cibi inopia)

oppugnare hostes conpanels ante diebus

to hold

Itaque semita aspera,

they

quam

1.

toria, p. 95,
2. 3.

praeda: for syntax, cf. vien. 1. ad: toward.

:

made no attempt

any

incruentus, -a, -um, lit. bloodless] translate freely. parta erat from parid. 5. quorum: neut.
:

aliquando incruenta:

i.e.

demum.

part of Rome other than the lofty and isolated Capitol.

10.

interdiu:
1.

in

contrast
:

to

noctu,

16.

hostes

subject of

the verb.

7.

Galli: as
:

on

p. 52,

1.

12.

antiqui
8.

antiquus,
u.

-a,

-um, ancient.
exercitus:

n. desuper: adv., from above. 12. idem auderent: repeated the venture ; lit. what ?
14.

cum:

after.

note the
9.

15.

deinde: later. nee and yet

:

not.

The Roipsam: proper. mans were so demoralized that

17.

semita:

abl.

of

way by

which (semita,

-ae, p.,

footpath}.

104

FIRST LATIN READER

miles inermis
sunt.

Callus quidam forte animadverterat, tertia fere vigilia unus paulum ascendit cui deinde arma tradita
;

Is sequentes adiuvabat,

illl

rursus

alios.

Quo modo

collem tanto silentio pervenefunt, ut custodes nihil sentirent quin etiam ne canes quidem excitatl sunt. Sed repente anseres lunonis sacrl clangorem
Galll
;

complures ad

summum

clarum ediderunt:
vir

quae res Romanis

saluti

fuit;

nam

M. Manlius, constantiae, sono acn audito, comites ad arma vocans confestim in primum Gallum imxopetum
fecit

summae

acerrimum, eumque de saxo

;

proiecit.

Callus

casu su5 alios quoque deturbavit et hostes, magno detrimento accepto, etiam hoc conatu desistere coacti, in castra maesti se receperunt.

LESSON
An Army
Longum
15 in

87

of

Two

est consilia narrare, quibus us! sunt colon! els

Sicut quae cum Britannls et Indis gesserunt. olim, cum per provinciam Noveboracensern navis Britannica adverse flumine navigaret, in ripa forte stabant liberi duo; qul veritl ne, si agricolas armatos exspectassent, auxilium
bellls,
2.

inermis
lit.

(-is,

-e)

without

(his) arms,

unarmed,

8. M. i.e. Marcus. n. casu: fall. deturbavit:

:

3. sequentes: ace. masc., those illl: supply a verb following. from the preceding clause.

deturbo,
12.
1.

i, carry off (one's) feet, conatu desistere cf. p. 21,

:

3.

the top of] cf. 4. summum: the use of prima, p. 22,!. 7. 6. anseres: anser, -eris, M.,
goose.
sacrl:

14. longum est: ^twould be a long (tale); cf. the similar idiomatic use of the present indicative

sacer, -era, -crum,

with gen., sacred(to).

clangor, -oris, M., cry.
7.

clangorem:
edo (not

of possum, e.g. p. 41, 1. 7. cf. the note on p. 85, 17. forte

:

1.

12.
18.

ediderunt:

from

exspectassent: should wait

edo).

for ;

lit.

should have waited for.

FIRST LATIN READER

sero adferretur, c5nstituerunt,
deterrere.
si

105

possent, Britannos ipsi

parva.
5

Post doraum, quae in promunturio posita erat, silva erat Itaque liberl, cum ad aedes cucurrissent, armis

confestim arreptis, porta postica in silvam clam egress! sunt; turn autem palam e silva in aedes cum armis properaverunt.

saepius fecissent, Britanm, quT nee quicquam plane videre poterant, conspiciebant procul manum magnam in aedes convenisse rati, pedetemptim
:

Quod idem cum

lotamen progredl perseveraverunt dum vero praeter promunturium navigant, subit5 alter ex liberis inmlsit telum ac

gubernatorem graviter vulneravit qul cum prolapsus gubernacula e manibus dlmlsisset, navis e cursu flumine secundo fern coepta est. Quam ob rem BritannI, se sic omnls
;

isinterfici

posse arbitratl, animo minime aequo se receperunt ad oppidum, unde nuper profectl erant.

LESSON

88

Horatius at the Bridge

Quae

res memorabilis

me admonet

de facinore

simill sed

maiore, quod Romae antiquitus ab Horatio quodam factum esse traditur. Cum enim bellum a rege Porsinna esset
20

Romanls indictum, laniculum impetu repentlno captum

sero: adv., late text, too late.
i. 3.
;

est

in this con-

8.

quicquam:
(cf. p. 2,
1.
:

neut.

of quis-

quam
n.
13.

u).
one of (the two),
cf. p. cf.
1.

domum: (their) home. posita erat: had been built.

porta: door; for syntax, cf. semita, p. 103, 1. 17. postica:
5.

alter ex

secundo

87,

1.

18.

14.

coepta est:

the note on
is

coeptus est, p. 66,

18.

12.

posticus, -a, -urn, back.

Romae

note that this

note the gender, and cf. p. 103, 1. 12. saepius: over and over again ; what use of the
7.
:

idem

town name.
20. laniculum: a hill on the west bank of the Tiber, opposite

compar.

Rome.

io6

FIRST LATIN READER

PONS
Until the second century
at
B.C., the only bridge across the Tiber Afterward several stone bridges were

Rome

was of wood.
is

built,

one of which

shown above.

FIRST LATIN READER

107

Romanique
nisi

perterriti trans

rime f ugere coeperunt.

civis
5

Tiberim in urbem quam celerTurn Horatius, qul sentiebat hostes,

pons esset perruptus, urbe quoque statim potlturos, suos hortatus est ut pontem igni ferroque perrumperent, cum ipse impetum hostium solus sustineret. Itaque cum du5bus amlcis fidelibus, quos pudor eum deserere non patiebatur, ad prlmum aditum pontis fortiter

progressus, audacissime ibi constitit. Qua audacia obstupehostes morati facti, sunt, deinde impetum primo paulum loacriorem fecerunt Horatius vero, minas contumeliasque
;

vociferans,

summa

virtute dimicabat, nee loco cessit prius-

Turn in Tiberim post tergum pons perruptus est. armatus desiluit, et ad rlpam alteram incolumis pervenit,

quam

15

quo paul5 ante, exigua parte pontis adhuc relicta, amicos duo se recipere coegerat. Sic memoriae traditum est; Livius autem (a quo haec
narrantur) facinus hoc apud posteros plus gloriae fidei habuisse palam c5nfitetur.
i.

quam

quam

celerrime

translate

n.
loco
1.

vociferans:

vociferor,
:

i,

freely.
3. pons (pontis, M.) bridge. esset perruptus cf. exspectas:
:

shout out.
:

cf.

dimicabat fought on. the note on p. 7,

desilio,
4,
-silui,

4.
13.

sent, p.

104,

1.

18; for mood,

1.

cf.

desiluit:

admoveantur,
4.

p. 61,

14.
-i,

leap down.
N.,

ferro

ferrum,
while.
(-oris,

iron

; 1.

14.
2.

quo

the adv.

cf.
:

freely, the ax.

5. 6.
7.

cum:
pudor

M.)
cf.

shame.
videbant,
cf.
1.

exigua parte, etc. " " by a while clause. 16. memoriae, etc.
:

p. 47, translate

cf.

p.

85,

patiebatur: " would not allow "

p. 36,1. 7.
>

we would say
;

1.

6,

and translate

freely.

haec:
in the

neuter.
17.

aditum:
:

aditus, -us,
3.

apud posterSs
see

i.e.
lit.

M> approach.
8.

pontis:

following generations ;
plus:

what?
gloriae:

obstupefactl

obstupefacp.:

multus.

tus, -a,
10.

-um, part., amazed. minas: minae, -arum,

partitive gen. 18. confitetur:

-f essus

confiteor,

2,

threats.

sum, admit.

io8

FIRST LATIN

READER
89

LESSON
A

Favor Repaid

Olim Indus Ignotus in deversorium esuriens venit; cum autem diu frustra venatus erat, cibum emere non potuit. Sed colonus quidam, qul animadverterat fame hominem esse paene confectum, cauponam iussit cibum dare, ipseque pecuniam solvit. Indus colono gratias maximas egit pollicitusque est se semper beneficium memoria custoditurum.

Canadam deductus
causa missus
est.

Faucis post annis colonus ipse ab Indis captus est et in ubi a domino in silvas saepe lignationis
;

Olim, cum procul ab aedibus laboraret, losubito in conspectum venit Indus quidam, qul eum hortatus est ut paulo post in locum certum ad colloquium veniret.

Colonus baud invltus

consilium

pollicitus est;

turn Insidias veritus

15

mutavit, neque ad locum venit constitutum. Faucis post diebus Indus eum iterum convenit, iterumque hortatus est ut alio die ad locum destinatum Iret. Quo ubi perventum est, Indus se sequl iussit, ac per silvas
celeriter profectus est.

Alter, etsl timor eius

occupabat

animum, flriemque
secutus
;

itineris

omnino

nesciebat, est

tamen

cumque dies multos per silvas iter fecissent, po20 stremo ad oppidum pervenerunt, quod colonus laetus ut suum Turn dux, " Ego is sum," inquit, " quern tu abhinc cognovit. multos mensis cibo iuvistl. Hoc modo refero gratiam."
i.

esuriens
:

(-entis,

part.):

15.

destinatum: destinatus,
:

-a,

cum inasmuch as. hungry. exhausted. 4. confectum: cauponam caupona, -ae, F., mis:

-urn, designated. 16. se obj. of sequi.

17.
18.

eius

modifier of animum.

tress

of (the} inn.
:

8. lignationis the gerundive with

cf.

the use of causa to ex-

20.
21.

fmem: contrast fines. ut suum as his own.

:

is: the

man.
contrast
1.

press purpose.
14.

22.

gratiam:
gratias,

the

Indus

the Indian.

meaning of

5.

FIRST LATIN READER

109

LESSON
An Cum
olim noctu,

90

Earthquake in Colonial Times

iam colon! pluriml Britanniam Novam incolebant, dum homines fere omnes somno gravi quiescunt, repente motus terrae maximus factus est. Sono horrendo
ad auris adlato, colon! graviter permoti e
5
;

lectis

confestim

exsiluerunt, tecta rat! undique labefactari qum etiam erant qul timerent ne venisset dies mundi ultima aut certe adesset.

Interim in marl nautae

motum

senserunt, credebantque
;

navls suas in
boves,
10 territi

saxa abscondita delatas esse

cum mugltus maximos

cucurrerunt.

in agrls autem ederent, omnls in partes per-

currere

Quldam conflrmant se turn vldisse ignem per terram ac certe quodam loco erat terrae hiatus, ex quo levis fumo similis aliquamdiu efferebatur. Diebus pulvis
;

proximis complures consecutl sunt motus, sed minores

15

multique homines, qul adhuc religionem spreverant, propter timorem ad cultum deorum se converterunt. Traditum

quoque

est,

aquam cuiusdarn
lit.

fontis, qul terrae

motu hum!

depressus erat,
3.

postea hieme interdum glaciem factam

M.)
:

motus

(-us,

movei,

n. quldam
along.
12.

here, noun.

per:

ment.
5.

labefactari:

labefacto,

hiatus (-us, M.)

\\t.

with gen.,
light
i.e.

shake down.-era.rt. qul: there were (some) who. The subjunctive is used regularly after any tense of sunt qul or nemo est qul.
6.

cleft (in),
13.

yawning (of},
(-is,

levis

-e)

(of

weight).
rising ;
16.
lit.

efferebatur

kept
M.,

what

mundi: mundus,
autem: moreover.

-i,

M., the

cultum:
hurnl:

cultus,

-us,

world.
8.

worship.
17.
. .

g.
e,

cum

ederent

note the

what
18.

is

the

into the ground; commoner meaning ?

:

and

translate

by a

partic. phrase.
-us, M., bel-

depressus erat
:

deprimo, 3,

mugltus: mugltus,
lowing.

-pressi,

factam

-pressus, sink. glaciem esse i.e. froze solid.

no
esse,

FIRST LATIN

READER

quamquam

antea omnl tempore anni uberius fluere

consueverat.

LESSON

91

Evils of the Slave Trade

Gentes, quae Africam incolunt,
5

quondam

inter se saepe

dimicabant, captivlque a negotiatoribus empti, navibus in terras sunt transporter! diversas, ubi dominls novls traditi summis laboribus aetatem in agrls agebant. Dum autem
navigant, condicio captivorum miserrima erat; nam traditum est dominos, qul quaestum volebant facere quam

maximum neque aliud curabant, lovorum operam minimam dedisse.

valetudini salutlque ser-

Qul igitur rniseri in locis angustis foedisque procul a luce caellque spiritu saepe claudebantur. Quln etiam interdum, ut naves quam plurimos portarent, inter se vinculis iuncti, suplnl dies noctesque iacere coacti sunt, spatio minimo
iStantum
relicto, ubi

paucl vice alterna se exercere possent:

;

quorum cruciatus, tempestate coorta, maximus erat turn enim forls omnibus clausls vix resplrare poterant, multlque
i.

quamquam:
:

whereas.
tu
:

12.

caeli

(open) air.
:

spiri-

uberius

adv. (positive not in use),

very freely. 4. navibus: by ship.

6.

spiritus, -us, M., breath, i.e. to one another. 13. inter se

laboribus
:

translate as sing.

iuncti: iungo, 3, iunxi, iunctus, bind.

15.

aetatem
verb, p. gant, etc.

cf.

vitam with the same

13.

pauci

i.e.

small groups.

6*k
:

dum

navi-

freely, it

was, however,
shipboard,

while
that,

tJiey

were on

vice alterna, abl. phrase, in turn. exercere: exerceo, 2, -ui, -itus, exercise. possent note the mood.
:

e|tt
aliud: anything else. miseri: the
. . .

9.

their. (but} tempestate coorta: translate by a

16.

quorum:

qui wretches.
foedis:

ii.

poor

"when"
17.

clause.
:

locis

quarters.

foris

forus,

-i,

M., gangway.
i,

foedus,

-a,

-um, foul.

respirare: respiro,

breathe.

FIRST LATIN READER

moriebantur.

in

Quo mod5 saepe factum est ut vlvl, vinculls mortuos iacere cogerentur, donee postero die nautae solverent mortuos corporaque in mare abicerent.
retenti, inter

LESSON
A
Illls

92

Pirate Outdone

temporibus, cum servi plurimi ex Africa in terras Sdlversas transportarentur, saepe in marl coniurationem inter se nautae fecerunt, dominoque navis aut coniecto in

ducem novum ipsl deligebant; quo secundum lltus Africae ultr5 citroque navigabant et naves gentium spoliabant omnium. 10 Quorum e numero quldam in portum olim vectl longinvincula aut interfecto,

modd

plratae fact!

quum, ubi
legatum

in litore collocata erant castra

parva Britannica,
mittere

tela

aurumque

castrls

ad

se

summa

superbia iusserunt.

Ille

vero, vir

maximae

constantiae,

aurum respondit se non daturum esse, sed tela libenter misTurn plratae 15 surum, si eorum navis propius accessisset. Ira commotl castra acerrime adortl sunt, ac legatus Britannicus,
tus,

postquam tela defecerunt e castrls se recipere coacpostremo ab hostibus captus est; qul eum cum

custodibus confestim ad
i.

ducem

miserunt.

Iste
not

scilicet

moriebantur:
1.
1.

cf.

rapiebant,
cf.

p. 7, p. 74,
3.

17.
15.

factum est ut:

. .
.

12. aurum: do aurum with auris.

confuse

14.

libenter:
1.

cf.

the note
esset

on
per-

solverent

abicerent

p. 93,
15.

9.
cf.

translate both " should."

5.

the

subjunctives

accessisset:
1.

ruptus, p. 107,

3.

vail', the high seas.

8.
9.

plratae

predicate

nom.

16. Ira commotl: with wrath.

freely, filled

naves
e: of.

commerce.

18.

cum

custodibus

i.e.

under

10.

guard.

ducem:

. (their) chief

112

FIRST LATIN

READER

hominem horrendis exsecrationibus accepit, quod anim5 tarn obstinate resistere ausus erat; legatus autem minime territus audacter resporidit atque etiam maioribus exsecrationibus
5

quam dux
et ultro

nam

piratae ceteri,

ipse usus est. Quae res el saluti fuit nova re delectatl, cachinnos sustulerunt
;

maximos

vitam homini concesserunt, quod male

dicendo ducem ipsum superare potuerat.

LESSON

93

Colonization in Africa

Americanl Britannlque, cum demum plane coepissent cognoscere mala, quae ab emptione servorum oriuntur, locolonias in Africam statuerunt deducendas esse, in quas
libertini mitterentur; illlsque

servos fere

omnes postremo

temporibus erant etiam qui sic in patriam reduci posse

existimarent
Coloniae, quae prlmo sunt eo deductae, non erant validae, Sicut saepe cum incolis Africanis pugnandum erat.

15

et

olim,
i.

cum

colon!

quldam promunturio Tnsulaque emptls

exsecratio,

exsecrationibus:

oriuntur:

orior,

4,

ortus

sum,

-onis, F., curse.

at the unexpected 5. nova re turn (of events) abl. of cause.

:

arise (cf. coorior). 10. in Africatn

deducendas

esse: freely, ought to be planted in

d31ectati:
part., highly

delectatus,

-a,

-um,
M.,

Africa.

amused,

lit.

delighted.
-i,

*fn.

libertini: libertinus,
:

cachinnos:

cachinnus,

freed/nan.

-I, M., mitterentur note the

roar of laughter.
7.

mood.
of specificacf.

dicenlo: abl.

12.

patriam:

i.e.

(their} right-

tion.
9.

fid country.
mala: as (neut.) noun;
13.

posse '.could. existimarent: ct. the note

eo
qui, p. 109.!. 5. the adv. for meaning,
:

the

somewhat

similar use of the

on erant
14.
cf.

neut. bona.

emptione servorum:
;

freely, traffic in slaves

lit.

what?

quo, p. 107,

1.

14.

FIRST LATIN

READER

113

oppidum parvum

in litore condidissent, nationes

;

proximae

moleste ferebant peregrines illic cdnsedisse verebantur enim ne iura sua vetera amitterent, emptioque servorum

(qua ex re quaestum
5

magnum faciebant) mox tota repriarmatis meretur. Quare, undique convocaas, in oppidum colonorum repente impetum fecerunt acerrimum. Intra
;

munltiones erant dux aeger et triginta quinque tantum at illi, cum in proelio homines, qul arma ferre possent ex numero aut vulnerati aut interfectl qulndecim ipsorum
loessent, hostes praeda occupatos postremo in fugam coniecerunt. Faucis autem post diebus oppugnatio a barbarls

redintegrata est; qul ne turn quidem

Itaque, pace iam

rem bene gesserunt.

demum facta, haec quidem colonia paulatim

est.

numero vlribusque aucta

LESSON
A
15

94

Prize

Won and Lost

mare Mediterra-

Olim,

cum

navis longa Americana per

neum
suos

navigaret, nautae procul velum vlderunt; quo viso, praefectus, liburnicas piratarum baud procul abesse ratus,

summa

celeritate Insequi

iussit.

Dtim autem
poterat.

veils

remisque contendunt, subito navis in saxis

2oadhaesit,
2.

absconditls

neque

Gilo

modo
i.e.

detrudl

Quo
lit.

casu
what?
with

moleste ferebant, etc.:

adv., there.
if

this particular colony]

were much wrought up

illic:

that. etc.

(Do
14-

not

confuse

quidem

quidam.)

4.
6.

tota: translate as
intra: behind.

an adv.

viribus
vis

contrast the meanvires

ing of

and
:

(see

the

8. 9.

cum:

after.
:

ipsorum
.
. .

their.
:

Vocab.). 19. remis

10. 12.

occupatos busied. ne quidem: see

Roman
the

remus, -i, M., oar. ships often had both sails

and
to
full

Vocnb.
13.

oars, and velis remisque came be a standing phrase for "at

haec quidem colonia

freely,

speed."

114

FIRST LATIN

READER

secundum Htus
ie"cerant

convenerunt, et American!,

nuntiato, plratae oppugnandl causa undique etsl, ut navem levarent, in mare

omnia, postremo se dedere coactl sunt.

Qua
5

victoria parta, rex piratarum, veritus

ne

aliae

naves

longae oppidum suum oppugnarent, Americanos miseros mumtiones firmare coegit, cum interim a plratis captlvl
tanta dlligentia

custodiebantur,

ut,

quamquam

dies noc-

tesque de fuga cogitabant, rem numquam perficere possent. Els nautis, qui noctu quoque laborare volebant, pecuniam
lodedit rex,
ill!

cum opera sua vellet quam maturrime perfici; autem pecuniam acceptam statim profuderunt, et ebrii per oppidum vagantes iniurias oppidanis saepe intulerunt Turn miris modis poenas dedisse dicuntur hominis enim suplnl sola pedum verberabantur, idque saepe tarn vehementer ut sanguis exiret. Interdum autem, pecunia lictoribus
;

data, storeis interpositis nautae verberabantur,

cum

interim

legatus huic rei praepositus (qui tamen extra fores carceris morarl solebat) ex clamoribus iudicabat homines cruciatus
patl maximos.

LESSON
A
20

95

Prize

Won and Lost

(Continued}
saxis

Interim plratae longam

detruserant;
i.

navem Americanam de
captlvl scilicet
14.

quam ob rem
What

etiam molestius
(placed flat) on his
:

oppugnandi causa:

freely,

suplm
sola
.
:

to the attack.

part of the

back.

verb

is

oppugnandl ?
levarent: levo,
vellet
:

the foot)
I,

solum, -I, N., sole (of verberabantur verbero,

a.

lighten.

I,

beat.
;

idque: freely,
.

and

that

10.

he

was anxious
:

too

strictly, id is

subject of fiebat

(that) .
xi.

maturrime from mature.

profuderunt:
-f usus,

profundo,

3,
:

supplied 15. sanguis (-inis, M.) \blood.

exiret
:

fudi,

squander.

ebrii

irzzly, flowed.

lictoribus

ebrius, -a, -um, intoxicated.

13.

lictor, -oris, M..,

policeman.
storea,
-ae,

miris modis: transl. as sing.

:

16.

storeis:

p.,

hominis

modifying pedum, 1.

14.

mat.

FIRST LATIN
ferebant

READER

115

navem suam in hostium potestatem venisse: eorum dux, Benbrigius nomine, litteras clam mlsit, quibus hortatus est alium praefectum Americanum, qui eodem in marl navigabat, ut clvibus auxilio venlret praedamque e manibus hostium eripere conaretur. Ille, litterls
itaque
acceptis, susplcionis vltandae causa liburnicam mlsit
;

quae

nocte intempesta portum ingressa, ad

veriti

navem longam cursu

tarn incerto navigavit, ut plratae qui in ea custodies agebant, ne liburnica in navem inllderetur, magna voce guberIs

lonatorl imperarent ut ancoras iaceret.

autem respondit

ancoras amissas esse.

response decepti, plratae liburnicam vagantem proaccedere patiebantur, cum subito ex ea septuaginta pius armati gladiis destnctls in navem longam ascenderunt

Quo

15

atque in hostls perturbatos impetum fecerunt acerrimum. brevi autem paene ad Plratae fortissime dimicaverunt
;

Turn, cum reliqul se in mare iecissent, navi longae Americani ipsl admovelocls multis simul ignes tantum vulneratls, liburnica salva ad runt, quattuorque
occlsl sunt.
20

unum

classem se receperunt. Paulo post oppidum

abire patl coactus est.
3.

ipsum classe est oppugnatum, atque invltus rex piratarum captives Americanos incolumes

quibus:
1.

cf.

the

note on
cf.

decipio,

3,

-cepl,

-ceptus,

throw

p. 38,
4.

16.

off
auxili5:

(one's}
lit.
1.

clvibus

the

erratic-,

vagantem: guard. what? (cf. vagantes,

propius
:

same construction with the verb

sum.
6.

p.

114,

12).

absol.

compar., very

close.
:

type of vessel used

liburnicam: this being the by the pirates

(cf. p.
i.e.

14.

destrictls

destrictus r -a,

-urn, part.,

drawn.
;

themselves 8. ea
:

113,

1.

17).
i.e.

19-

9.

nave longa. magna see the Vocab. for

:

salva: quattuor: as noun. incolumi translate the abl. by

invitus
translate

"with."
22.
:

the varied meanings of this adj. 12. response: noun decepti:

by

phrase.

incolumes: scot free.

n6

FIRST LATIN

READER
96

LESSON

A
in

Mysterious Disappearance

ColSniis multls iam in

Americam

deductis, Galll etiam

consueverant, non solum ut barbarl ad suam religionem converterentur, sed

fines

Indorum

sacerdotes

mittere

etiam ut

illl

amici essent,

si

quando cum Britannis dimisanctl interdum

Scandum

esset.

Qui homines
;

maximls

in

perlculls versabantur

slcut olim in regionibus longinquls,

quae postea civitatis Noveboracensis pars factae sunt, sacerdotes complures, qui cum negotiatoribus paucls castellum parvum ibi tenebant, subito certiores factl sunt Indos perelogrinos omnls occldere constituisse.

Palam fugere non audebant sacerdotes, neque els ullae erant naves, quibus ad Canadam veherentur. Itaque clam intra castellum scaphas facere statim coeperunt deinde,
;

postquam omnia ad fugam iam sunt parata, barbaros ad

15

convlvium vocaverunt.

Illl

convenerunt

laetl

cumque

edissent omnia, quae sacerdotes apposuerant, domum reTurn Galll gressi in tabernaculis mox sopitl iacebant.

scaphas ad rlpam portaverunt, ad Canadam versus profectl sunt.

silentio
20

et

flumine secundo

Mane

Indi

viderunt castellum

clausum

qua re ani-

Pomadversa, primo sacerdotes vota facere credebant. stremo tamen, fenestris ingress!, intus esse neminem
i.

translate
4.
5-

colSnils a"

de-luctis:

14. 15.

by

when "
:

clause.
1.

omnia: note the gender, convlvium: convlvium, -I,

Cf. the illustration

si

quando

cf. p. 54,

4.

N., feast.
-

on

sanctl:

sanctus,

-a,

-um,

pious.
6.

the opposite page. 21. vota facere: to be at prayers

versabantur:
(to).
:

freely,

were

(votum,
22.

-i,

N.,

prayer},
cf.

exposed
ii.

fenestris:
1.

the note on

eis

dat. case.

p. 76,

3.

FIRST LATIN

READER

117

CONViVIUM

The

Oriental fashion of reclining at meals was

the Greeks

much

in

vogue
taken

among

and Romans.

The above

illustration is

from a wall decoration at Pompeii.

n8
timore

FIRST LATIN READER

maxim5 senserunt; nesciebant enim Gallis ullas esse scaphas, eosque arte magica effugisse iudicabant.

LESSON

97

Early Days in Liberia

Cum

in Africa abhinc

multos annos condita esset res

publica, quae Liberia appellatur, incolae eius regionis no$vae clvitati inimlcissimi erant. Nam advenae statuerant

emptionem servorum reprimendam esse, Afrl autem quaestum suum dimittere nolebant. Olim prope coloniam quandam subito multitude barbarorum armatorum per silvam viam rumpere audlta est. Sed 10 in oppido arma multa apud sacerdotem quendam condita erant; qui, una cum duobus fabrls, qul elsdem in aedibus
habitabant, tela confestim in hostls inmittere coepit, mulDux tamen Afrorum paucls cum comitosque vulneravit.
tibus fortiter progressus iam coepit circum aedes in terra defixi erant.
fabrls statim telo interfecit,
territl,

15

perrumpere palos, qul Ilium autem Onus ex barbarique ceteri, hoc casu per-

confestim verterunt terga et

quam

celerrime in

sil-

vam

se contulerunt.

At paulo

post, moleste ferentes ducem

mortuum in colonorum

potestate relictum, corporis quaerendi

10.

i. timore maximo: to their great alarm ; lit. what ? note the signifi4. Liberia: cance of the name (cf. Hbertas). 6. empti5nem servorum cf. p.
:

are other

apud at the house of] what meanings of this word ?

:

u.
penter.
12.

fabris

faber, -bri, M., car-

tela

inmittere

coepit

reprimendam: translate the gerundive "must." rum9. viam (their) way.

112,
1.

9.

opened
14.
pi.,

fire.

palos

palus,

-I,

M., stake]

pere:
part,

translate

as

if

present
lit.

(rumpo,

3, rupi,

ruptus,

palisade. 19. in ... potestate: freely, sc. relictum in the hands.

:

break).

FIRST LATIN

READER

119

causa redierunt, summaque virtute identidem impetum in aedes fecerunt acerrimum, donee, cum horam amplius dimicatum esset, subito proelio destiterunt et rursus maestl in
silvam regress! sunt.

LESSON
An
5

98

Experience with Robbers

illlus

Quondam
pater

in

aquarum

fluminis, qui lingua Indorum appellabatur, plratae multi in speluncls

rlpis

latebant, ut navigia spoliarent, quae illTs temporibus mercibus varils onusta ultro citroque navigabant qum etiam
;

10

loco castra parva fecerant, ibique naves vel maxima's adoriebantur.

quodam

summa

audacia

Quern locum olim negotiator locuples, ventum idoneum nactus, veils passls incolumis est praetervectus qui autem ad rlpam navem suam appellere non ausus est, donee duo
;

dies inde adverse flumine navigavit.

15

qui

navem viderant

Interim vero plratae, praetereuntem, nee praedam tarn

pulchram dimittere volebant, recta via per silvam erant seciitl, et loco opportune in Insidils iam latebant qul, nave
;

1.

identidem:

adv.,

time
cf.

and
101,

10.

vel: even.

maximas

of

again.
2.
1.

the largest size.

p.
12.

3,
3.
5.

horam amplius: and the note.

nactus: freely, with the aid

of;
1.

lit.

what?

passls

seethe

proelio: cf. p. 69, qui: for gender,

1.

17.

Vocab. under pandd.

13.

cf.

quod,

duo dies: for the space of

praetereuntem: from prae-

p. 30,

6.

lingua
:

we would
F.,

two days.
15.

say,
6.

" in the language."

speluncls

spelunca, -ae,

tereo.
1 6. recta: rectus, -a, -um, The robbers straight, or direct. were able to gain upon the trader

cave.
7.

mercibus

(sing,
9.

and

pi.)

merx, mercis, merchandise.

:

F.,

ibi: at that point.

because of the bends in the

river.

120

FIRST LATIN READER

ad ripam appulsa, e silva subito eruperunt, ac nautas captos ad castra sua navem reducere coegerunt.
Ibi negotiatoris

coquus Afer consilio callido usus est

sibi iniurias intulisse,

nam
5

simulabat

dominum
esse
:

seque gaupiratarum

dere

eum captum
Sed

quo mod5
omnibus

in amlcitiam

inrepsit, qul

credebant
olim, cena

hominem socium

fidelem esse fu-

turum.

in nave apposita, coquus in flumen repente proximum piratam proiecit ; quo signo nautae ceteros quoque in aquam detruserunt. Plratae ad
;

lorlpam nando pervenerurit

festim solvit ac

negotiator autem

navem

con-

summa

celeritate

domum
99

profectus

est.

LESSON
The
Capttire of

Stony Point

Olim BritannI castra satis magna occupaverant in ripa Hudsonis, baud procul a castellis compluribus, quae adhuc tenebant American! victl. Quare colonl, cafluminis
15 Stella

sua magno esse in penculo ratl, castra statim sibi delenda esse exlstimabant. Quam ad rem conficiendam
delectus est

quidam Antonius,

vir fortissimus, qul antea

facinora saepe ausus erat audacissima.

Omnibus rebus
aofectl, solis
i.

paratis, American!, per silvas clam prooccasu prope castra Britannica in latebrls conif

captos: translate as

cepe-

15.
culo.

magno: modifier of
delenda esse
cf.
:

peri-

runt

et.
:

cook. 3. coquus (-J, M.) usus est put into execution.

:

16.

for the trans-

lation,

the note on reprimen1.

6.

inrepsit:
(one's)

inrepo, 3, -repsi,

dam,

p. 118,

6.
:

worm
7.

way. omnibus: i .e for the whole

. :

18.

ausus erat
solis

freely,

hadper-

formed.
20.
:

party.
8.

sol, solis,

M., sun.

10.

quo signo nando: cf.

cf. p.

57,
1.

1.

16.

occasu: abl. of time

-us, M.,
lit.

when

(occasus,

p. 12,

17.

setting).

FIRST LATIN

READER

12 1

fere vigilia silentio ad castra accesserunt,

sederunt/ibique boras complurls moratl sunt; turn tertia cum interim duce

uterentur serv5 Afro, qul Pompeius appellabatur. Una cum servo praegrediebantur duo mllites, qul vestimenta agricolarum gerebant. Quare custodes nihil suspicantes homines propius accedere passl sunt Pompeius enim erat omnibus notus, quod antea ad castra saepe venerat ut venderet bacas quln etiam slgnum el a Britannis interdum
; :

lomilitibus

factum est ut sine strepitu custodes a duobus caperentur; et legiones ipsae paene in castra venerunt, priusquam BritannI senserunt hostes Turn autem celeriter concurrerunt ad arma et foradesse.
erat.

datum

Ita

tissime dimicaverunt.

15

castra In proelio Antonius graviter vulneratus est brevl deiecerunt autem sunt expugnata ab Americanls, qul opera omnia, quae BritannI magna dlligentia ibi effecerant.
;

LESSON

100

Nathan Hale
Postquam BritannI Longa Insula tota potiti sunt, Vasingto tamen Novl Eboraci aliquamdiu moratus est, cum
discedere nollet, donee de consiliis hostium certior factus
2.

cum
by a
qul

uterentur:

trans-

7.

omnibus: as (masc.) noun

:

late

partic. phrase.

duce

dat. case.

(as) guide.
3.
.
.

appellabatur:
praegre-

named,
4. dior,

slgnum countersign. datum erat had been factum est ut municated.

9.
:

8.

corn:

cf.

praegrediebantur:
3,

-gressus

sum,
:

go
i.e.

on

sine strepitu ivithout (making any) disturbance,

p. 74,1. 15.
:

ahead.
5.

12.

concurrerunt: sc. BritannI.

nihil suspicantes
cf.
1.

'with-

18.

out suspicion. 6. propius

case
:

cf.

Novl locative Eboraci domi and humi.

:

the force of the

12.

19.

factus esset
1.

cf.

exspectas-

word on

p. 115,

sent, p. 104,

18.

122
esset.

FIRST LATIN
Diu
ille

READER
mupo-

hominem

frustra quaerebat, qui veste

;

tata castra Britannica speculandi causa adire vellet

stremo autem ad hanc rem suscipiendam legatus adulescens

repertus est qui, vestlmentls magistrl puerorum sumptis, Ubi BriSliburnica vectus ad Insulam incolumis pervenit.
:

tanni, qui nihil suspicabantur, hominem llbere circum caIlle autem diligenter stra omnia ambulare passl sunt.

faciebat descrlptiones;

commentaries vero, ne

sibi

essent

detrimento,
10

si in

manus hostium

venisset, Latlne scripsit.

Turn paucls post diebus, re bene confecta, ad locum rediit, unde ad continentem transiturus erat. Dum autem ibi liburnicam exspectat, in deversorio a

perfuga quodam conspectus est, qui Britannos sine mora de eius latebrls certiores fecit. Itaque ab hostibus confeisstim missa est navis longa, quae hominem interciperet

Scapha
cile

credebat

e navl ad litus appulsa, legatus scilicet amicos adesse quare e latebrls palam progressus, in litore fa;

captus

est.

Is paulo post a Britannis capitis

damna-

tus, fortissime

2oadesset, aequissimo " mihi est

se gerebat; animo "

cumque tempus moriendi iam

quod
1.

una

vita tantum,
p.

Hoc solum me paenitet," inquit, quam pro patria largiar."

121,
1.

ille:

omit in translating.
willing.
i.e.

19.

Latlne:
erat:

adv., in

qui
2.

...

vellet:
i.e.

veste

Latin.

mutata:
spy ;
4.
6.
lit.

in disguise.

n.
as a
ttitor.

transiturus

was

to

speculandi causa:

cross.
18.

what?
:

is:

omit in translating.
:

magistri puerorum
libere:

capitis

damnatus
moriendi
:

cf.

the note on

adv., freely,

or at

p. 47,!. 16.
19.

will.
8.

freely,

of execu-

descrlptiones

descriptio,
(cf. scribo).

tion.

-onis, F., (a)

drawing
:

20.

commentarios

commentaril,
dat.
1.
;

me

paenitet

aequissimo fully composed. causes me regret

:
: :

-orum, M., notes. 9. detrimento:

(cf. praesidio, p. 65,

of service

(paenitet, 2, paenituit). 21. quod: that. largiar

junctive.

sub-

freely.

4) translate venisset: cf. factus esset,

For the phrasing of the

cf. p.

whole clause,

39,

1.

17.

STORIES FROM CAESAR RETOLD

THE WINTER OF
54-53 B.C.
101

LESSON

In 58 B.C. Julius Caesar became governor of northern Italy and the vast country extending from the Alps to the North Sea, and spent the next nine years in disciplining various tribes of that great territory.

Unexpected Trouble
Caesar, cum in Gallia bellum gerebat, totam aestatem hostes premere solitus est, turn, ut vires mllitum conservaret,

exercitum

in

hlberna deducebat:

nam caelum earum

regionum hieme asperrimum est; quare ille iudicabat aestate sibi cum hostibus esse dlmicandum, reliquos autem anni menses in hibernls milites retinendos esse. Olim, cum transisset in Britanniam multosque dies cum incolis eius Insulae bellum gessisset, aestate exacta ad continentem
rediit.

10

summam esse f rurnentl inopiam.

collocavit.
1. cum: at the time when. aestatem not aetatem. The ace. " may be rendered throughout." 2. vires: do not confuse vis
:

Ibi certior factus est propter siccitatem in Gallia Itaque exercitum in partes

complures dlvisum in diversis civitatibus hiemandi causa

6. 8.

olim: freely, one year.

aestate exacta
:

freely,
;

at
cf.

the "very
vigilia
9.
.
.

end of
.
:

the season

and

vir.

exacta, p. 102, 1. 8. siccitatem siccitas, -atis,

3.

deducebat
:

note the tense.

i.e.

F.,

drought.
11
.

caelum
4.

climate.

dlvisum
;

freely,

after diin
.
. .

asperrimum:

as

comille:

aiding, etc.
collocavit
:

lit.

what?
:

pared with that of omit in translating.

Italy.

quartered upon.
the tribes

di-

versis

civitatibus

of

123

124

FIRST LATIN READER

HjSabinusandCot
[DLabienus
I

Longitude

West

Longitude

East

fn

GALLIA

FIRST LATIN READER

125

Quo

facto,

dux quidam Gallorum, nomine Ambiorix, cum

exercitus tot in partes divlsus esset, Romanes 'iam demum facile superari posse ratus, una castra longinqua subito

impetus autem fortiter exceptus est a nostrls, confestim in fugam dederunt. hostium Qua quT equites spe deiecti, Gall! clamaverunt se colloquium velle quo audito, legati qui illls castrls praeerant, extra munitiones non
est adortus
;
;

dubitaverunt e5s mittere, qui

cum Ambiorige colloquerentur.

LESSON
A
Ad colloquium
10 et

102

Parley with the

Enemy

missus est C. Arpineius, eques RSmanus,

Q. lunius, Hispaniensis, qui iam ante a Caesare ips5 saepe delectus erat, ut cum Ambiorige ageret.
Els,

cum

Gallos universos

extra munltiones egress! essent, rex conflrmavit constituisse e5 ipso die omnia hiberna

Caesaris

simul

oppugnare, ne qua legio

5.

alterl
the

legion!

Gaul were numerous, and more or less independent of one another.

In dividing his force for the winter, it was Caesar's idea, in view

qua spe
as
1.

same con(e.g.

struction
p. 119,
7.

with

desisto

translate freely, castris for syntax,

3)

cf.

of the scanty crops, to distribute more widely than usual among the
Gallic tribes the burden of supplying the grain needed by his soldiers.
i.

p.

58,
8.

1.

12.
:

eos C.
:

men.
i.e.
:

cum:

causal.
:

Caius (Gazus). eques Romanus a Roman knight, i.e. a member of the middle order
9.

3.

longinqua

this

particular

in the
10.

Roman
Q.
:

state,

camp (No. 4 on the map) was distant about two hundred miles from Caesar's headquarters at
Samarobriva.
4.

i.e. i.e.

Qulntus.

12.
13.

rex:

Ambiorix.
freely,

universos:
lit.

genercf.
i.

ally,
:

what?
qua:
(a
so

nostrls

from the

the story being told point of view of the

14.

ne

that no;
56,
1.

the note on quid, p.

legid
:

Romans.

legion

body of about

126

FIRST LATIN
;

READER

subsidio venire posset se tamen invitum castra oppugnasse, sed voluntati ceterorum Gallorum civitatem suam resistere

Nee tamen," inquit, " Caesaris in me beneficiorum immemor sum itaque vos magnopere horut celerrime exercitum vestrum ad proxima 5 tor, quam deducatis. hlberna Magna enim manus Germanorum Rhenum nuper transiit, quorum multitudini nullo modd
non
"

potuisse.

resistere poteritis.

Quare

saluti vestrae statim consulite."

finis

Simul

pollicitus est se

Romanos per

suos incolumes

loiter facere

passurum.

oratione habita, discessit Ambiorlx; nuntil autem redierunt in castra legatosque de regis verbis certiores

Qua

fecerunt.

LESSON

103

Division of Opinion in the

Roman Camp

Q. Sablnus et L. Cotta legati, re repentma permoti, ea i5verba, etsl ab hoste dicta erant, tamen non neglegenda esse existimabant itaque, consilio convocato, quid optimum factu esset diu disputatum est.
;

TribunI centurionesque complures nihil

4000 infantry, supplemented usually by a small detachment of cavairy,
5.

sibi

temere agen-

vestrum
transiit
:

vester, -tra, -trum,

your.
7.
:

mostly foreign). In the camp attacked, the force amounted to a legion and a half; the other camps
cf.
1.

has crossed.

12.

14.
1.

legates the commanders. L. : i.e. Lucius. legati:

12.

were manned by a legion apiece.

subsidiS: dat. of service.
2.

15.

neglegenda:
neglectus,

neglego,

3,

voluntati:

p.,

wish] for Vocab. under resists.

3.

voluntas, -atis, syntax, see the

:

neglexl,

disregard,

or

ignore.
16.

c5nsili5: council

of ivar.
es-

4.

me (ace.) to immemor (-oris,

in

me.
adj.)
:

17.

factu:

supine, to do.

un-

set

mindful.

subj. in indirect question. 18. tribunl militum) (sc.

:

FIRST LATIN

READER

127

dum, neque ex hibernis iniussu Caesaris discedendum iudicum enim castra munitissima essent, credebant se Germams facile resistere posse, donee Caesar cum legionibus subsidio veniret. Sabinus autem, veritus ne Gall! cum sGermanls se coniungerent, statim discedendum censuit sciebat enim Germanls magno dolor! fuisse victorias supecabant
;
;

riores

Romanorum, neque arbitrabatur Gallos, qui tot contumelias a Romanis acceperant, se cum hoste quovis
coniungere dubitaturos. Oratione in utramque partem habita, cum Cotta sententiae collegae sul acriter resisteret, Sabinus postremo Iratus
" ut vobls videtur; "Fiat," inquit, mortis perlculo magnopere terrear."

10

ego non

is

sum, qui

LESSON

104
is

The Advice of the Enemy

Taken

15

Quibus verbis commoti, omnes statim e consilio surrexerunt, legatosque vehementer hortati sunt ne sua pertinacia rem in summum periculum deducerent: neque enim ullum
(military) tribunes.

Of these there
rank

sententiae:

for

syntax,

cf.

Ger-

were

six for each legion; in they stood next to the legion

com-

mams, n.

1.

3.
:

collegae collega, -ae, M.,

;

lit.

mander.

centuriones

centurions

colleague
12.

here,

brother
ut

officer

(subordinate officers, ranking from captain down). 3. legionibus troops. 6. dolori: dat. of service.
:

(namely, Sabinus).
fiat: let it be.
.
. .

vide:

tur
cf.

as

(it)
. .
.

seems

best.

is
1.

... qui

eos
16.

qui, p. 125,
:

8.

superiores
8.

as

on

p. 79,

1.

7.

rem

matters.

neque

a: at the hands of.

se

in

combination

with

enim and

obj. of coniungere, 1.9.

hoste: sc.

RSmanorum.
10.

quSvis: from quivis.

:

other postpositive words, neque usually replaces n5n. In the translation

in

utramque partem
con.

pro and
ret
:

cum
by a

freely, resiste-

of this
.

particular

clause,

combine the negative with ullum

(

translate

partic. phrase.

nullum)

128

FIRST LATIN
sibi

READER

timendum esse, si modo omnes idem probarent; autem nullam esse spem. Cum iam ad mediam noctem disputatum esset, turn demum Sabml sententia superavit, ac mane castra motum
hostem
in dissensione

Consumpta est vigilils rebona colligerent sua, nee satis scirent quid in hlbernis relinquendum, aut quid secum portandum esset. Deinde prlma luce e castrls longissimo agmine maximisque impedimentis profectl sunt plerique loenim non suspicabantur Ambiorigem omnia ea, quae de Germanorum adventu dixerat, mentltum esse, cum speraret
5 Iri

mllitibus pronuntiatum est. liqua pars noctis, cum milites

ita se

Romanos ex

hibernis elicere posse.

At interim
legatos
15

hostes, qui ex nocturne strepitu intellexerant constituisse confestim castra move"re, in silvas
collocatis

paulum se receperant Insidilsque loco idoneo adventum Romanorum cupide exspectabant.

LESSON
Ita
in

105

The Romans are Ambtished

factum
est ut, cum maior pars agminis Romanorum vallem descendisset, Galli subit5 e latebris
esse:

magnam
1.

timendum

need

be

5.

vigilils:

we would say "/

feared, a

common

force

of the

wakefulness."
6.

What
?
:

is

another

gerundive, esp. in negative phrases. The indirect discourse at this point is due to the idea of saying (dixerunt) implied in hortatl sunt, p. 127, modo: consult the Vocab. 1.15.

meaning of this word

colligerent
-Mtofa*, get together.

colligo, 3, -legi,

Translate this
esset;
1.

clause
7.

by a

partic. phrase. relinquendum: sc.

cf.

idem probarent: should agree upn one plan; what?

under
si.

i.e.

for

mood,
8.

esset, p.

126,

17.

lit.

aut:

say "and." longissimo: and, therefore,

we would

2.

dissensione

dissensi5, -onis,

straggling.

F.,

disagreement.
4.

u. cum
:

speraret:
6.

cf.

the cum-

motum

Iri

what part of

clause in

1.

the verb ?

FIRST LATIN

READER

129

erumperent, atque imquissimo nostrls loco proelium comSablnus, qui adhuc nihil suspicatus erat, acerrimo hostium impetu vehementer commotus, in omnis partes properavit ac cohortes disponere conatus est Cotta
mitteretur.
:

svero, qui cogitaverat haec

eamque
esse,

ob posse non discedendum censuerat ex hlbernls causam

in

itinere accidere,

virum magnum interim se praebebat omnibus enim modis communl consulebat saluti, ac fortissime officia et
;

imperatoris et militis simul praestabat.

10

Turn, quod propter

longitudinem agminis non facile

provider! poterat quid quoque loco faciendum esset, legati suls imperaverunt ut, impediments relictls, in orbem consisterent.
in eius
15

Quod

consilium (etsl

eodem imperatores summl

hostes,
relicta

modi casu utl solent) turn baud f ellciter accidit; nam non sine maximo timore impedimenta a Romanis esse ratl, etiam acrius iam dlmicaverunt
dat.

i.

nostrls:

case;

conet

8.

communl
cf.

saluti
8.

for
. .

strue with imquissimo. committeretur: note the termination,

syntax,
:

p. 126,

1.

et

correlative,
9.

which indicates the case of proe-

militis

a soldier (in the

Hum.
3. acerrimo: translate the su" perlative exceedingly." ten cohorts concohortes: 4.

ranks). 10. longitudinem:

-inis, F. ?

u.

longitudo, extent (cf. longus). provider!: note the last let-

stituted a

legion
neut.

(p.

125,

1.

14,

ter of the

note).
5.

quisque.

word. quoque; from faciendum cf. the note

:

haec:
:

ob

eamque

on

causam the prep, ob does not combine with -que, which is, therefore, passed on to the following
word.
7.

p. 128, 1. I. 12. in orbem

i.e.

so as to form

a circle.
13.

eodem: referring to consimodi: sort. etiam acrius

Hum.
virum magnum: pred.
:

ace.

14.
16.

praebebat show.

praebeo, 2,

-ui, -itus,

(all the)

more

fiercely.

130

FIRST LATIN READER

LESSON
77?^

106

Enemy

Prevail

Accedebat ut milites multi ab slgnis discederent et bona sua carissima ab impedlmentis arripere conarentur ceterl autem, quatnquam a Fortuna deserebantur, tamen omnem
:

salutis in virtute ponebant, et quotiens quaeque cohors procurrerat, ab ea parte magnus numerus hostium cadebat. Qua re animad versa, Ambiorlx suos procul tela conicere

spem

nee propius accedere. Quam ob rem, cum iam aliqua cohors excesserat ex orbe atque impetum fecerat, summa celeritate fugiebant hostes; cum autem cohors rursus ad loaciem se recipere coeperat, turn Galli, undique coorti, noiussit

stros acerrime

premebant.

Cum

sic

a prlma luce ad

horam octavam pugnatum

esset,

T. Balventius, vir fortis et magnae auctoritatis, tragula graviter vulneratus est; Q. Lucanius, fortissime pugnans, isdum circumvento fllio subsidio venit, est interfectus; ac

cum milites hortaretur, funda percussus rebus Quibus permotus Sabinus, cum procul Ambiosuos cohortantem rigem conspexisset, interpretem suum
L. Cotta legatus,
est.
i
.

accedebat

impersonal use,
;

-cessum
10.

est,

move
:

out.

orbe

cf.

was added (that} freely, matters were made worse by the fact (that).
it

p. 129,!. 12.

aciem

i.e.

orbem.

coorti

ab sigms
in the line.

i.e.

from their places Each cohort had its

.
.

freely, closing in. 12. horam octavam:

cf.

the

own
4.
cf.

special standards.

quotiens
1.

procurrerat

note on p. 74, 1. 16. i.e. Titus. 13. T.

:

p. 72,

i,

with the note on

15.

circumvento

translate

by a

the pluperfect. cf. the use of this prep. 5. ab in the phrase a tergo. cadebat note the tense.
:

relative clause.
16. funda funda, -ae, F., sling; see the illustration on p. 140.
:

18.

suos

reflexive to

Ambio-

7.

8.

propius: absol. compar. excesserat excedo, 3, -cessi,

:

rigem.
-e,tis, c.,

interpretem:
interpreter.

interpres,

FIRST LATIN
Cn.

READER

131

Pompeium ad eum

mlsit rogatum, ut sibi mllitibusque

parceret.

LESSON
Annihilation of the

107

Roman

Force

nihil Romanis timendum esse, seque Sablnl salutem praestare, si ille ad colloquium venire vellet. ipslus Quo audlto, Cotta tamen negavit ad armatum hostem se

Rex respondit

iturum, atque in eo perseveravit.

Sabmus autem
se

tribunes

militum

sequl iussit; cumque propius Ambiorigem accessisset, iussus arma abiDum cere, paruit, ac suls ut idem facerent imperavit.
qui
10

centurionesque

adstabant

autem

ibi

de condicionibus inter se agunt, Sabinus paulaest.

tim circumventus a Gallls occlsus

Turn vero hostes sustulerunt ululatum, impetuque

nostros facto ordines perturbaverunt. Ibi gnans periit cum maxima parte militum.
15

in

L.

Cotta puReliqui se in

hlberna receperunt, unde erant nuper egressl.

quibus

L. Petrosidius aquilifer, homo magnarum vlrium, cum confertissima multitudine hostium premeretur, aquilam intra

vallum
20

proiecit, ipse

pro castris fortissime pugnans

inter-

fectus est.

Roman! aegre ad noctem oppugnationem

i.

sustinuerunt;
eagle bearer.

Cn.:

i.e.

Cnaeus(Gnaeus).

ard

bearer,

lit.

rogatum:
4.

petltum, p. 95, 1. 13. vellet cf. the note on ad:

cf.

moveantur, p. 61,
6. 8.

1.

14.

eo: (neut.) noun. propius: with the force of

Aside from the standards of the cohorts, each legion carried a silvlrium: from what ver eagle. nom. sing.? Give some of the

meanings of the singular.

17.

prep., quite
9.

near
i.e.

to.

aquilam:
ipse:

aquila,

-ae,

F.,

idem

note the gender.

14.

cum:

una cum.
:

eagle. 18.

autem may be sup-

16.

aquilifer (-eri, M.)

stand-

plied.

132

FIRST LATIN

READER

STANDARD BEARERS

The

standards carried in the

Roman army

were numerous and

rather diverse (see also the illustration on page 162). As the eagle was the chief standard of the legion, upon it was lavished all the enthusiastic devotion which modern soldiers feel for their flag.

No

disgrace was so deep the hands of the enemy.

and

terrible as to

have the eagle

fall

into

FIRST LATIN READER

turn,

133

desperata salute, ad unum omnes se ipsl interfecerunt. Pauci, qui paulo ante e proelio effugerant, per silvas incertls

itineribus

ad T. Labienum legatum in hiberna pervenerunt, atque eum de rebus gestls fecerunt certiorem.

LESSON

08

The Gauls attack a Second Camp

5

Hac

victoria sublatus,

Ambiorix statim cum equitatu

in

Aduatucos, qui erant eius regno fmitimi, profectus est; neque noctem neque diem intermisit, peditatumque se
iussit subsequi.

Re demonstrate Aduatuclsque
10

concitatls, postero die in

Nervios pervenit, eosque hortatus est, ne sul in perpetuum llberandl occasionem dlmitterent. Interfectos esse legates

duo Romanes magnamque partem exercitus interisse docuit facillimeque oppriml posse earn quoque legionem, quae cum Q. Cicerone in fmibus eorum hiemaret. Qua dratione
;

15

facile NerviTs persuasit.

x.

desperata:
of.

spair

despero, i, se ipsl cf. ipse

:

de.

drew
tion.
9.

rein.

se

omit in translai

1. 2. The men probably ran upon one another's swords. T. Labienum: in con3. ad

se, p. 8,

10.

concitatls: concito, sul gen. pi.

:

stir up.

n.
ing
its

liberandi:

gerundive,
sui.

tak-

nection with in hiberna, this phrase may conveniently be rendered by a

genitive. For the location of Labienus' camp, see the map on p. 124.
4.

form from

Render the

" to." gen. (freely) 13. facillimeque: as governing verb for this clause, dixit may be
supplied.

gestis:

lit.

done; translate

freely,
5.

using a relative clause.

sublatus:

from
:

tollo.

in:

another of 14. Q. Cicerone: Caesar's lieutenants (see the map).

into the territory of.

6.

Aduatucos

for

this

and

edrum i.e. Nerviorum. hiemaret for mood, cf. admoveantur,

: :

other peoples mentioned, see again the nnap on p. 124.

7.

p. 61,
15.

1.

14.

Nerviis

persuasit:
lit.

won

intermisit:

sc.

cursum,

i.e.

over the Neruii ;

what?

34

FIRST LATIN READER

Itaque confestim dimissls nuntiis ad Ceutrones, Grudios,

nationesque

alias,

ut

venlrent, repente ad runt; ubi nonnulli mllites, morte

5

copils auxilio statim Ciceronis hiberna hostes se ostende-

quam maximis

nuntiata, sine timore extra munitiones officils variis

Sabml Cottaeque nondum operam

causa in silvas

dabant.

Ex

his quldam, qu!

lignationis

discesserant, repentmo equitum adventu intercept! sunt. Ceterl autem celeriter concurrerunt ad arma, vallumque conscenderunt.

LESSON
The Besieged attempt
10

109

to

Communicate with Caesar

;

obsessls
sunt.

Missae sunt ad Caesarem confestim a Cicerone litterae autem omnibus vils, ab hostibus miss! intercept!

Noctu ex materia, quam munitionis causa compornostr! turres circiter

taverant,

CXX

incredibil! celeritate

exstruxerunt.
15

Postero die hostes, multo maioribus coact!s copi!s, castra

iterum oppugnaverunt, fossamque complere conat! sunt.

qua pndie, nostr! restiterunt. Hoc idem Nulla pars noctis reliquis deinceps diebus factum est. laboribus rmlitum carebat non aegns, non vulnerat!s
ratione,
:

Eadem

2.

ras.

alias: not reliquas or ceteut: the construction is de-

12.

mctt: during the (follownight.

ing)
-ae,

materia:

materia,

termined by the idea of urging or commanding implied in the sendmaximis coing of messengers.
piis: abl. case; translate
3.

p.,

timber.

17.

qua:

freely,

as;

strictly,

abl., in the

same construction as

6.
1

"with." ad: in the neighborhood of cf. lignationis causa: p.

.

eadem
18.

ratidne.

08,

1.

8.

reliquis: the following. deinceps: adv., in turn. 19. laboribus militum freely,
:

7.

equitum:

i.e.

of the enemy.
:

toil

for

the

soldiers.

carebat:

9.

c5nscenderunt

manned.

ii.

missi: part, as(masc.) noun.

was without, or lacked; cf. the note on me ... carere, p. 68, 13.
1.

FIRST LATIN
:

READER

135

facultas quietis dabatur nee Cicero ipse, etsi tenuissima erat valetudine, nocturne tempore ad quietem utebatur,

priusquam mllitum vocibus sibi parcere coactus est. Turn duces Nerviorum, qul aliquam causam amlcitiae
5

cum Cicerone

habebant, colloqul sese velle nuntiaverunt.

Facta potestate, eadem commemorant, quae paulo ante Ambiorfx cum Sabino egerat. Addunt etiam de Sablnl morte, et conformant se nihil recusare nisi hiberna, atque

hanc inveterascere consuetudinem nolle; quam ob rem

10

Romanls

licere

incolumibus ex castrls discedere et quas-

cumque

in partes velint sine timore proficlscl.

LESSON no
Heroic Defense of their

Camp
movere nolebat,

At

popull RomanI ullam accipere ab hoste armato condicionem si ab armls

Gallis respondit
;

Cicero, qul iniussu Caesaris castra non esse consuetudinem

discedere atque legates ad Caesarem mittere vellent, sperare se eos, quae petlssent, impetraturos.
1.

quietis:

quies,
:

-etis,

p.,
i.e.

9.

hanc

consuetudinem:

rest.

tenuissima
;

tenuis,

-is, -e,

slight
2.

here, poor. valetudine cf. p.

:

the practice of quartering a division of the army upon them for the
winter.

no,

1.

9.

inveterascere

invete-

phrase expresses quality or characteristic cf. the similar use of the genitive.
;

The

abl.

rasco, 3, -veteravi,
10.

become fixed.
:

incolumibus
:

pred. dat.

4.
6.

causam

i.e.

ground.
facultate.

quascumque quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumque, whatsoever.

14.

potestate:
:

i.e.

ullam:

modifier

of con-

commemorant

i.e.

dicunt.

In

dicionem.
15.
16.

animated narration, the pres. indie. is often thus used for the
perfect.
7.

quae:

legates: as on p. 48. 1. 9. i.e. ea quae, lit. the

cum Sabino

egerat

had

treated (in his dealings) with Sabinus.

the conthings which ; freely, i.e. cessions which. petlssent petivissent cf. also the note on
: ;

exspectassent, p. 104,

1.

18.

136

FIRST LATIN

READER
pedum decem
et

Hac spe deiectl Nervii pedum qulndecim hiberna

erat

vallo

fossa

circumdant.

Els autem nulla

ferramentorum copia, quae ad earn rem usul sunt; gladils igitur caespites circumcldere et manibus saglsque
5

terram exhaurire cogebantur. Qua ex re hominum multitude cognoscl potest nam horls fere tribus decem mllium
;

passuum
fecerunt.

in circuitu

munltionem pedum qulndecim perdie,

Septimo oppugnationis

maximo

coorto vento, hostes

lotela fervefacta in casas iecerunt;

quae celeriter comprehenderunt ignem, et ventl magnitudine in omnem locum castrorum distulerunt. Turn Galll, victoriam rati iam

demum
15

esse partam,

maximo clamore vallum

scalls ascen-

dere coeperunt. At tanta erat virtus nostrorum, ut, cum maxima telorum multitudine premerentur, suaque impedimenta omnia igni consumi intellegerent, de vallo decederet

nemo.

Hie dies

nostrls longe gravissimus f uit

sed tamen

x.

hac spe deiecti

1.

cf.
5.

the
cf.

similar phrase, p. 125,

2.
1.

xx. venti: gen. case. magnitudine: abl. of cause (magnitude,

-inis, F.,

circumdant: for tense,

6.

p. 135,
3.

els:

i.e.

Nervils.

magnus)
of."
12.

force, lit. greatness, cf. translate "by reason

ferramentorum:

ferramenearn:
:

turn,

-I,
.

N.yiron implement.

distulerunt: sc.
.

eum
;

(i.e.

such

rem

business.

usul sunt

ignem)
13.

are needed.
circumcido, 3, -cidi, -clsus, cut out, lit. cut around. 5. exhaurire: exhaurio, 4,
4.
:

vallum
F.,

i.e.
i.

castrorum
scalls
:

not

circumcidere

the vallum of 1. -arum,

14.
15.

scalae,

ladder (s).
concessive,
. . .

cum:

-hausi, -haustus, remove, out.

7.

lit.

haul

maxima

multitudine:

pedum quindecim:

freely,

fifteen-foot (including both vallum and fossa, as thus far completed)

.

de vallo: i.e. from (his deposition upon} the rampart. cederet decedo, 3, -cessi, -cessum
:

freely, 16.

a perfect storm.

10.

fervefacta

fervefactus, -a,

est,

withdraw.
nostris
:

casas: -um, red-hot. quae: feminine.

barracks.

17.

dat. case;

trans-

late "for."

FIRST LATIN
hunc habuit eventum, ut eo
interlret aut vulneraretur.

READER

137

die

maximus numerus hostium

LESSON in

A
Quant5

Messenger eludes the

Enemy

erat in dies gravior oppugnatio, tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique ad Caesarem mittebantur; e quibus nonSnulli, in

ciatu

necati

conspectu nostrorum militum intercept!, cum crusunt. Intra hlberna autem erat Nervius

quidam, nomine Vertico, qul ad Ciceronem perf ugerat, cum primum castra oppugnata sunt. Hie servo spe llbertatis magnisque persuasit praemils, ut litteras ad Caesarem de10 ferret.

Ille celeriter profectus, et

Callus inter Gallos sine

ad Caesarem incolumis pervenit. Ab eo de perlculls Ciceronis legionisque cognitum est. Caesar, acceptis litteris hora fere undecima diel, nuntium confestim in Bellovac5s mittit ad M. Crassum, cuius
ulla suspicione versatus,
15

hlberna aberant ab eo milia passuum qulnque et vlginti

iubet media nocte legionem proficisci celeriterque ad se Alterum ad C. Fabium legatum mittit, qul el venire.
i.

ut:

that.

eo

die:
1.

i.e.

with;
12.

lit.

what?
:

sine: without
translate as sing.

the day referred to on p. 136, as hie dies.

3.

17

(exciting).
periculls

quanto
.

tanto:
. .

with
lit.

13.
cf.

h5ra
in

undecima
1.

diel

the comparatives, the

the,

the note
14.
:

on
cf.
:

p. 74,

16.

by
1.

how much
:

by so much.
:

the note on p. 133,

cf.

erat

became.

in dies

cf. p.

44,

1.

5.

mittit

commemorant,,

p.

4.

crebriores:
\\\..

creber,

-bra,

-brum,
8.

frequent :
sc.

transl. as adv.
(i.e.

servo:
;

su5

"of

ad M. Crassum: 135,1.6. the map on p. 124. i.e. Caesare. 15. eo

:

see

his ")
10.

dat. case, to
1.

be construed
Gallus
:

16.

iubet

sc.

eum

(i.e.

Cras-

with persuasit,
ille:

9.

sum).
17.

the

slave.

ad: to (join). alterum: sc. nuntium.

(since he
.
.
.

was)

a Gaul.
freely,

inter

ad C. Fabium: see the

el: i.e. Fabio.

map

again.

versatus:

mixing

138

FIRST LATIN READER

nuntiet, ut legionem in Atrebates adducat, quorum per fines sibi iter faciendum sciebat. Scribit Labieno ut, si
rel

publicae

commodo
veniat.

fieri

possit,

cum

legione ad fines

Reliquam partem exercitus, quae paulo aberat longius, non arbitratur exspectandam; equites
circiter

Nerviorum

CCCC

ex proximis hlbernis cogit.

LESSON

112

Caesar heads a Relief Force

Hora

fere tertia ab antecursoribus de Crassi adventu

Eo die milia passuum vigintl Crassum Samarobrlvae progressus praeposuit, legio10 nemque el tradidit, quod ibi relinquebat impedimenta exercitus, obsides civitatum, litteras publicas, frumentumque omne, quod eo tolerandae hiemis causa comportaverat. Paulo post Fabius, ut imperatum erat, in itinere cum At Labienus, morte Sabml et clade legione occurrit. 15 cohortium cognita, cum omnes ad eum Treverorum copiae
Caesar certior est factus.
est.

venissent, veritus ne,

si

ex hlbernis fugae similem pro9. praeposuit: with dat, left in charge (of) civitatum i.e. the Gallic 1 1
.
.

in x. legionem: suam. sc. Atrebates i.e. F. was to march

:

south to join Caesar, as the latter moved eastward.

2.

ut:

in

this

connection,
;

states; translate the gen. litteras: documents.

12.
13.

"from."

scribit implies

imperat also

hence

eo

the adv.
erat:

the ut-clause.
3.

imperatum
occurrit
:

note the

rei

with the

commodo: lit. well-being of the commonpublicae

freely,

gender.
14. 15.

sc. ei (i.e. Caesari)

wealth]

without endangerpossit: // ing the public weal.

cohortium:

freely,

to

the
. . .

cohorts.

cum:
:

causal.

ad

may.
7.

legione

sc. sua.

hora

tertia:

i.e.

of the
:

had marched upon. Treverorum: see the map on p. 124.

venissent
16. fugae: dat. case; construe with similem.

day

following.

antecursdribus

antecursor, -oris, M., courier.

FIRST LATIN

READER

139

litteras

fectionem fecisset, hostium impetus sustineri non posset, Caesarl remlsit, quibus ostendit quantum esset

periculum docuitque omnes peditatus equitatusque copias Treverorum tria milia passuum ab suis castris consedisse.
5

Caesar, consilio eius probato, etsl opinione trium legionum delectus ad duas redierat, omnem tamen communis salutis

spem
in

in celeritate

ponebat.
Ibi

Venit igitur magnls itineribus

ex captivis cognoscit quae in
sit.

Nerviorum

fines.

Ciceronis hibernis gerantur, quantoque in periculo res

LESSON

113

The Besieged learn of Caesar's Approach

10

Itaque cuidam ex equitibus Gallis Caesar magnls praemiis

persuasit,

ut

ad Ciceronem

Graecis
consilia

litterls

Hanc epistulam deferret. scrlptam mlsit, ne Gallo intercepto nostra

15

ab hostibus cognoscerentur. HominI imperavit ut, hlberna intrare non posset, tragulam cum epistula ad amentum deligata intra munltiones abiceret. In epistula
si

se cum legionibus profectum celeriter adfore; Ciceronem hortatus estut pristinam virtutem retineret.
scripsit
x.

fecisset:

cf.

exspectassent,
38,
1.

he had arrested as he marched.

quae:
neut. interrogative;

p. 104,1. 18.
2.

trans-

quibus:

cf.

p.

16.

esset:
4.

why

subjunctive?

late as sing. (quid), 10. ex: of. Gallis:

with adj.

Treverdrum:
suis
: :

belonging
his.

to

the Treveri.
5.

cavalry of the Roman army was recruited largely from forforce.

The

opinione
1.

expectation]
p. 125,
6.

cf.

opinio, -onis, p., the similar phrase,

i.e.

eign nations
p. 125,
1.

(cf.

the note on legio,

epistula, -ae, p.,

14).

ff.

XL epistulam:

redierat:

had

been re-

letter.

duced.
7.

12.

Gallo intercepto

translate

venit

what tense

(note

by a conditional clause.
15.

the 6).

magnls itineribus: i.e. forced marches. 8. captivis: i.e. Gauls whom

amentum: amentum,

-i,

N.,

strap.
16.

deligata: deligo, \, fasten. adfore: i.e. adf uturum esse.

140

FIRST LATIN READER

ARMA
tive

showing the very primiof some of the In the lower equipment light-armed troops. picture maybe seen on the spears of the warrior the strap (amentum)
illustration is interesting as
assist the

The upper

which was used to

hand when the weapons were hurled.

FIRST LATIN
Callus,

READER

141

hlberna venisset, perlculum veritus, ut Haec casu erat imperatum, tragulam cum litteris mittit. ad turrim adhaesit, neque a nostrls statim animadversa, tertio die a milite quodam conspicitur; qul earn sine mora
5

cum ad

ad Ciceronem defert.

Ille,

docet Caesarem iam subsidio venire.

epistula perlecta, milites laetus Turn fuml incendio-

rum

procul cernebantur; quae res adventus legidnum expulit.

omnem

dubitationem

LESSON

114

The Enemy raise the Siege

Galll re cognita per exploratores, obsididne statim relicta,
10

ad Caesarem omnibus copils contendunt. Quo animadverso, Cicero Gallum quendam celeriter cum litteris mittit, in quibus scrlbit hostes ab se discessisse omnemque multitudinem ad Caesarem convertisse. Quibus litteris circiter media nocte adlatls, Caesar suos facit certiores, eosque ad pu-

I5

gnandum animo confirmat. Postero die, cum luce prima m5visset

milia

castra et circiter

passuum quattuor progressus

i.e.

esset, trans
re:

vallem mayet:
co-

x. periculum: enter the camp.

of trying to
epistula.

9-

the
lit.

situation.

freely, from-,
i.e.

through.

2.

litteris:
:

10.

ad: against.

omnibus

casu
3.

i.e. forte.

piis

cum may be
.

supplied with

ad

...

adhaesit

freely,

this abl.
12.

caught upon.
6.

turn:

later.

fuml
cf.

trans-

sc.

suam.
14-

multitudinem: omnem The whole is obj. of con. .

late as singular.
7.

vertisse.

cernebantur:

the

ren-

pugnandum: gerund,
anim5:
:

dering of videbant, p. 36, I. 7. quae res cf. quae urbs, p. 44,

:

151.

lit.

in mind.

confreely.

firmat
16.

fortifies.

Render
:

13.

omnem:

any.

dubitatio-

movisset

subject,

Caesar.

nem:

dubitatio, -onis, p., doubt.

17.

magnam: modifying both

142

FIRST LATIN
et

READER
vldit.

gnam

rivum hostium multitudinem

Erat magni
turn,

pericull res

cum

tantls copils iniquo loco dimicare;

quoniam obsidione llberatum esse Ciceronem sciebat, de celeritate aliquid sibi remittendum existimabat quare con:

sedit, et,

quam aequissimo

loco poterat, castra munivit.

LESSON

115

They are Outgeneraled by Caesar

Postridie hostium equitatus prima luce ad castra accessit, proeliumque cum nostris equitibus commisit. Caesar au-

imperavit ut cederent consulto seque in castra reciperent; simul ex omnibus partibus castra altiore vallo lomunlrT, portas obstrul, omniaque cum simulatione timoris
suls

tem

agi iussit.

Quibus rebus invltatl, hostes copias rivum traduxerunt turn Caesar, omnls, aciemque iniquo loco constituerunt omnibus portls eruptione facta equitatuque emisso, eos
;

vallem and rivum, and agreeing with the nearer.

2.

8.

consulto
altiore

adv.
:

9.

vallo

not a

new

res:

a matter.
: :

copils

sc.

rampart, but the old built higher.

10. obstrul: obstruo, 3, -struxi, simulatione -structus, block up. timoris: the purpose of this ma-

turn furthermore. Gall5rum. translate the abl. 3. obsidione

"from."
4.

aliquid
?

sibi

remittendum

neuver
12.

is

made

clear

by the follow-

freely,
lit.

he should relax somewhat

ing sentence.
invitati
:

what
5.
:

invltatus, -a, -um,

freely,
:

quam aequissimo
This

loco

po-

part.,

invited

made
i.e.

bold.

terat

in as favorable a position
fuller

rivum traduxerunt
runt trans rivum;
ductis, p. 91,
13.
1.
:

as he could.
helps to
super!,

form

cf.

duxeflumen traof
co-

show how quam and the came to mean "as ... as

munivit
:

10.

omnis

modifier

possible."

cf.

the part.

pias.
14.

munitus.
6.

omnibus portis
1.

for syntax,

castra

sc. Caesaris.

cf.

fenestra, p. 76,

3.

FIRST LATIN READER

celeriter in

143

Longius autem Insequi veritus, quod paludesque intercedebant, omnibus suls incolumibus eodem die ad Ciceronem pervenit Turres Legione producta, mumtionesque hostium admlratur. Scognoscit non decimum quemque esse reliquum mllitem

fugam

dedit.

silvae

sine vulnere;
fuerit.

nosque

in periculo res Cicerone militibusque laudatls, centuriones tribusingulos appellat, quorum egregiam fuisse virtutem

qua ex re iudicat quanto

testimonio Ciceronis cognoverat. ictae certius ex captlvls cognoscit.

De

casu Sabml et Cot-

LESSON

116

Arrangements for the Rest of the Winter

Dum

haec

fiunt,

victoria Caesaris

ad Labienum incredibili celeritate de fama defertur qum etiam, cum ab hlber;

nis Ciceronis milia

15

passuum Labienus abesset circiter sexaginta, atque ad Ciceronem post horam n5nam diel Caesar pervenisset, ante mediam noctem subito ad portas Labieni castrorum auditus est eorum clamor, qul legato gratularl
1.

2. -cessi,

longius: absol. compar. intercedebant intercede,

:

9. 3,
-I,

testimonio:

testimonium,
abl. expresses

N., report.

The
:

-cessum est, intervene. omnibus suls incolumibus abl. absol.; translate "with." built by 4. hostium: freely,
:

means; we would say "from." 10. certius as noun (neut. sing.); see the Vocab. under
cognosce.

the enemy.
5.

n. haec:
etc.
:

this.

Labienum:
:

non decimum,
translation
fuerit:
this
:

order

cf.

of

lit.

n5n quemque
subjunctive;

p. 138, 1. 14 ff. 12. fama (-ae, F.)

i.e.

decimum militem
7.

esse reliquum.

defertur:

by

report. natives. cum:

perf.

concessive.
15.

why
8.

mood?

Note

carefully

ad: before.

the force of the tense.

16.

eorum

of those.

clamor
:

egregiam: pred. adj. (egregius, -a, -um, conspicuous).

translate

as pi.

gratularl

gra-

tulor, i, offer congratulation.

44

FIRST LATIN

READER

At Treverl, qui volebant, quod hostls Caesar superavisset. postero die hlberna LabienI oppugnare constituerant, repentlna re perterriti noctu domum celeriter se receperunt. Postrldie Caesar contione habita mllites confirmavit,

seosque docuit detrhnentum, quod temeritate legati esset acceptum, aequiore animo esse ferendum, quod beneficio deorum immortalium et virtute eorum legiones ceterae conservatae essent neque hostibus diutinum gaudium

Fabium cum legione remisit in hlberna relinqueretur. icipse cum tribus legionibus circum Samarobrlvam hiemare
;

constituit
incitati

nam cum

animi

viderentur,

totam

omnium Gallorum ad bellum hiemem sibi apud exercitum

manendum
4.

arbitrabatur.
habita
:

contione

i.e.

in

Cicero's camp. 5. temeritate: translate the abl.

the gods with the (earthly) life of eorum men. i.e. the soldiers
:

addressed.
8.

"

i.e. Sabini. legati through." esset acceptum: for mood, cf. admoveantur, p. 61, 1. 14.
:

diutinum diutinus,
:

-a,
(-1,

-um,
N.):

gaudium long-continued. exultation (cf. gaude5).

9.

6.

aequiore animo esse

:

feren-

Fabium,

etc.

see

again

dum
7.
-is,

i.e.

should be

taken

the

the

map on

p. 124.

more philosophically;

lit. what? immortalium: immortalis, In passages immortal. -e,

n. cum:
12.

causal.

like the present, the

adj.
is

use of this
;

formal and conventional properly, it contrasts the life of

totam hiemem: usually this was not necessary, the winter months being normally a season of rest from active field service

(seep. 123,

1.

ff.).

AN AFRICAN CAMPAIGN

LESSON
During the
all

"

117

four or five years after the events above narrated, there

war which broke out between Caesar and Pompey was fighting in the parts of the civilized world, and more than once Africa was
civil

battleground.

Caesar lands a Force in Africa

Interim C. Curio duas legiones, D equites, ex Sicilia in Africam transportavit. Ubi eius adventum L. Caesar cum

decem

longis navibus exspectabat

qui autem,

cum

classis

navium multitudmem conspectum Htus ad trireme, pedibus Hasveritus, appulsa proximum naves drumetum fugit quo quoque eius reliquae, fuga
Curionis in
venisset,
:

ducis cognita, statim se receperunt. Curio Marcium Rufum cum classe

Uticam

praemittit.

Ipse eodem cum

exercitu proficlscitur

logressus, ad flumen

Bagradam

triduique iter proIbi C. Camnium pervenit.

;
;

relinquit ipse cum equitatu antecedit ad Castra Cornelia exploranda, qui locus peridoneus castrls existimabatur.

Rebilum legatum legionesque

1.

C.

Curi5

one of Caesar's
the numeral
:

generals.
2.

D.

supin

syntax, see the note on p. 79, 1. 21. 6. quo: the adv. fuga: defection.
8.

ply -que or et with this clause.

L.

Caesar

an

officer

Uticam

the base of opera-

Pompey's navy.
5.

tions of
9.
laria.

veritus:
sc.

reme:

galley}. " on foot " que, p.

triappalled at. sua (triremis, -is, F., pedibus: we would say

;

Pompey's forces in Africa. proficlscitur: from Anquilantecedo,

3,

12.
-cessi,

antecedit:

cf.
1.

manibus genibus-

59,

8.

Hadrumetum
p. 146;

consult the

map on

for

-cessum est, push ahead, lit. qui locus: cf. go on ahead. quae urbs, p. 44, 1. 13. perido'45

146

FIRST LATIN READER

R
Apollinls Prom.

INTER
'ar-

*.."
-.

\*
>S i

Prom.Merourii

/y
Cornelia
\

n M

s
Anquillaria

Carthaginiensis

THE SCENE OF CURIO'S CAMPAIGN DT AFRICA.

FIRST LATIN

READER

147

explorata regione, Curio Uticae quoque munitiones speculatus est; cumque animadvertisset plenissimis viis

Hac

undique portari agique multa, quae repentlni tumultus timore ex agris in urbem conferebantur, equitatum mlsit, ut praeda msperata potiretur. Simul ex urbe emissi sunt
equites Numidae, qul agricolis essent. Concurrunt equites inter se ;

DC

fugientibus

auxilio

impetum nostrorum Numidae circiter CXX reliqui se in urbem contulerunt.

neque vero pnmum ferre poterant, sed interfectis

LESSON

118

Operations about Utica

10

Interim Marcius naves longas Uticam deduxerat cuius adventu cognito, Curio pronuntiari iussit onerarils, quae
;

in

portu ad ancoram stabant numero circiter CC, se in hostium loco habiturum omnes, quT non statim ad Castra
Cornelia navis traduxissent.

Qua

pronuntiatione facta,

15

sine

mora

sublatls ancorls
erat,

quo imperatum
neus
able
;

omnes reliquerunt Uticam et, transierunt. Quae res omnium rerum

n.
pronuntiari
:

copia exercitum nostrum complevit.

(-a, -urn)
cf.
1.

particularly suitthe note on perpaucos,

:

cf. p.

128, 1.5

note the final vowel.

12. numero: for syntax, cf. in hostium animo, p. 37, 1. 20. loco habiturum: would regard as

p. 25,
2.

10.

plenissimis
viis
cf.
:

congested.

plenus, -a, -um, translate the abl.

:

"along";
3.

semita, p. 103,!. 17. cf. the note portari agique

:

enemies-,
13.

lit. what? omnes: masc.

:

on rapere
4.

et agere, p. 49,
:

1.

8.
;

timore

freely, in the panic

strictly, abl. of cause. 5.

i.e. the onerariae 14. navis traduxissent i.e. across of 1. 1 1 For the harbor (see the map).
.
:

Insperata:

msperatus,

-a,

mood and
tus, p. 107,

tense,
1.

cf.

esset perrup:

-um, unexpected.
6. 7.

3.

pronuntiatione
F.,

Numidae: with

adj. force.
16.
1.

pronuntiatio, -onis,

announce-

10.

neque: cf. p. 127, 1. Marcius: see p. 145,

ment.
16.

8.

quo: the adv.

148

FIRST LATIN
gestis,

READER
recipit,

His rebus

Curio se in castra ad Bagradam

posteroque die exercitum Uticam ducit et prope oppidum Nondum opere castrorum perfecto, equites castra ponit.

magna auxilia equitum peditumque a luba missa Uticam venire; eodemque tempore vis Srege magna pulveris cernebatur, et temporis puncto prlmum agmen erat in conspectu. Qua re nova Curio permotus
ipse, celeriter

ex statione nuntiant

equites suos praemittit, qul prlmum impetum sustineant; ab opere deductis legionibus, aciem mstruit.

LESSON
cum

119

Curio gains an Initial Advantage

10

Interim equites

hostibus proelium commiserunt

et,

priusquam legiones plane explicari possent, tota auxilia regis, quae nullo ordine et sine metu iter faciebant, in fugam
litus in oppidum propeautem numerus interfectus est. raverunt, peditum magnus Proxima nocte centuriones duo ex castrls Curionis cum 15 ad suls duobus et Attium Varum pervlgintl manipularibus cui exercitus animos conformant totlus alienos esse fugiunt
;

coniecta sunt.

Equites hostium per

i.
1.

10.

ad Bagradam: cf. p. 145, In connection with in castra,

translate " at the

Bagrada

"
;

cf.

a moment (punctum, -I, N., point) prlmum agmen vanguard', lit. what ?
.

ad T. Labienum
PJ

...

in hiberna,

33>

1-

3-

3. 4.

opere: i.e. construction. statione: static, -onis,

9. opere: (the work of) construction (cf. 1. 3). xi. legiones: sc. Curionis.

F.,

outpost.
5.

auxilia: auxiliary forces.

12. sine metu: evidently they had not heard of Curio's arrival in

luba:
to

king

of

Numidia,
p.

Africa.
13-

friendly
1.

Pompey
venire:

(cf.
i.e.

147,

if.).

appropin.

16.

oppidum: i.e. Utica. Varum: Attium comforces

quare ad.
i.e.

eodem

tempore:

mander of the Pompeian

at Utica.
17.

simul.
6.

cernebatur:
1.

cf.

p. 141,

7.

temporis puncto

cernebantur, in
:

alienos

...

a: freely,

dis-

affected toward.

FIRST LATIN

READER

149

a Curione, multosque facultate data libenter esse transituros. Qua oratione adductus Varus postero die mane legiones ex Facit idem Curio, atque una valle non castrls educit.

magna
5

Erat in exercitu

interposita suas uterque copias Instruit. Van legatus quldam, cui not! erant

multl Curionis mllites.

Hanc
;

ille

nactus appellationis cau-

sam, circumire aciem Curionis atque omnes hortarl coepit, ut Varum sequerentur quin etiam praemium pollicitus est,
si

qul ad

eum transire

voluissent.
fit

His verbls
significatio,

auditis,

nullam
ita

10 in

partem ab exercitu Curionis

atque

suas

uterque copias reducit.

LESSON
He
At
maintains his

120
Loyalty
to

Armys

Caesar
erant; quis-

in castrls Curionis animi

id,

omnium

solliciti

que enim ad
addebat.
15

quod ab

alio audierat, aliquid sui timoris

Consilio convocato, duae sententiae dictae sunt.

Erant

qul castra
i.

Van

statim
:

oppugnanda censerent
eum:
freely,
i.e.

alter!

autem

facultate data

translate as a

Varum.
willing',

voluissent:
cf.

esse transiconditional clause. turos: i.e. will desert (to Varus).

3.

castris

built

just
out.

outside

esset pernullam in ruptus, p. 107, 1. 3. partem: see the Vocab. under pars,
10.

were

the city walls.

educit: educo, 3,

significatio (-onis, F.)

:

sign.

-duxl, -ductus, lead

idem

ita
rio's

note the gender. as noun. 4. uterque

:

with the loyalty of Cutroops still a matter of doubt.

i.e.

12.

solliciti

sollicitus, -a,
:

-um,

appellatio, -onis, F., accosting; translate here

6.

appellationis

unsettled.
13.

quisque
id,

noun. what,
for
cf.

ad
cf.

accosting (them). excuse {for).

8.

causam:
\

freely,

sui:

quod suum,
the

freely, to

p.

II,

L 6;

syntax

of

gen.

phrase,

sequerentur i.e. join the army of Varus. 9. si qui: if any (noun); cf. the note on quid, p. 56, 1. i
.

Varum

glSriae, p. 107, 1. 17. 16. censerent: cf. the

note on
alteri
:

erant qui, p. 109, i.e. the other party.

1.

5.

FIRST LATIN READER

optimum factu existimabant

in Castra Cornelia legiones reducere, ut maiore spatio temporis interposito militum mentes sanarentur, simul ut exercitus, si proelio victus esset, in Siciliam facile transportarl posset. Curio tamen " Neutrum
5

consilium," inquit, probo neque enim tanti sum animi, ut castra tam munita temere oppugnanda censeam, neque tant!
;

"

timoris,

ut

spem

statim dimittam, atque

omnia prius

ex-

perienda arbitror."

Quare, dimisso
10

consilio,

contionem advocat militum

quorum animos
lites

verbis confirmat, docetque quid sit causae, cur sibi Caesarique fideles sint. Qua oratione perm5ti mi-

eum

etiam dicentem interpellabant, discedentem vero

ex condone universi cohortantur ut

dubitet proelium committere et
15 experiri.

magno

sit

animo neve

suam fidem virtutemque

1.

factu:

cf.

p.

126,

1.

17;

of the gen.,
I.i 3
.

cf.

sui timoris, p. 149,

omit here in translating. 2. maiore: absol. compar. msntes mens, mentis, f.^ feeling^ lit. mind.
:

n.

sint:

lit.

they should

be-,

translate the clause freely.

12. eum: i.e. Curionem. etiam dicentem translate this and the following part, by clauses.
:

3.

sanarentur:

sano,

I,

heal,
:

pass.,

become normal.

simul

i.e.

furthermore. 4. neutrum:

interpellabant:
neuter,
.

-tra,

(interpello,

kept interrupting discedentem sc.

:

-trum, neither (of two) contrast 5. consilium:

eum.
the
1.

13.

conti5ne:
freely,
.

the

meeting.

meaning here and on

neque:
7.

p. 149,

15.

universi:

one
:

and
1.

all.

cf. p.
:

127,

1.

16.

magno
4,

animo

for syntax, cf.

2.
;

prius

i.e.

before giving up
:

the note

on

p. 135,

neve:

experienda hope. expertus sum, try.

9.

experior,

and

contionem
i,

assembly.

ad-

cf. neque not to (ne + ve) (in sense = non + qus) 14. fidem: loyalty ; cf. fideles,
.

vocat: advocd, 10. verbis

:

call together.

1.
. .

ii.
15.

sc. suis.

quid

experiri:

make

trial of]

causae

what grounds ;

for syntax

cf. 1. 7.

FIRST LATIN READER

151

LESSON
The Pompeians
suffer a

121

Second Reverse
constituit,
;

Quibus rebus conflrmatus Curio

cum prlmum

esset data potestas, proelio rem committere postrldieque milites productos eodem loco, quo ante constiterant, in acie
collocavit.
5

duxit, ne, si

Qu5 animadverso, Varus quoque copias proaequo loco daretur occasio, dimicandl facultatem

dlmitteret.

non
si

Erat valles inter duas acies, ut supra demonstratum est, ita magna, at difficili et arduo ascensu. Hanc uterque

adversariorum copiae translre conarentur, exspectabat, 10 quo aequiore loco proelium ipse committeret. Postremo
equites in vallem descendere coeperunt. Ad eos Curio equitatum et duas cohortes mittit quorum prlmum impetum equites hostium non ferunt, sed admissis equls ad suos re-

Van

fugiunt.
15

Qua

re animadversa, legiones se sequl iubet Curio, et

omnibus cum copiis in vallem confestim descendit; interim autem hostes, veritl ne ab equitatu circumvenirentur,
terga vertunt universl, ac
recipiunt.
2.

summa
9.

celeritate se in castra

esset data:
1.

cf.

exspectassent,

si: in the
:

hope that.

ad-

p. 104,
3.

18.

eodem
1.

proelio: dat. case. loco: construe with

versariorum
cf.

adversaril, -rrum, M.,

the opposing party.

10.

exspectabat:

collocavit,
loco.
5.
itself.

4.

quo: antecedent,
i.e.

interpellabant, p. 150,!. 12.

quo:

cf.

the note
i.e.

on p.

101,

7.
8.

should present dimicandl: gerund. supra namely, p. 149, 1. 3 ff. ita: so very. ardu5 ardaretur:
: :

1.14.
13.

hostium:
:

Varus' party.

duus,

-a,

-um, steep.

ascensu:
:

admissus, -a, -um, part., let go, i.e. at full speed. 17. equitatu: sc. Curionis (cf.
1.

admissis

hanc ascensus, -us, M., slope. uterque: object of transire, 1. 9. each (commander}.

12).
18.

castra:
1.

cf.

the

note

on

p. 149,

3.

152

FIRST LATIN READER

LESSON
Narrow Escape of

122

their

Commander

fuga Fabius Paelignus, miles qiridam ex Curionis exercitu, agmen fugientium consecutus, magna voceVaru m

Qua

in

ita

nomine

appellavit, ut

unus esse ex eius militibus

et velle

Ubi autem Varus saepius appelaliquid dicere videretur. latus constitit, et quis esset aut quid vellet quaesivit, turn
Fabius eius

umerum apertum

gladio appetiit.
;

Quod
pi

ille

perlculum sublato scuto vltavit Fabius autem a militibus circumventus interficitur.

10

oximis

Interim fugientium multitudine portae castrorum completae sunt, atque iter erat ita impeditum, ut plures in eo
loco sine

vulnere

quam

in proelio aut fuga interirent

nonnulli vero erant adeo perterritl, ut protinus per castra in oppidum ipsum contenderent.
mllites,
15

eodem cursu At Curionis

rant
usui.

ad proelium egress!, secum nullam copiam portaveearum rerum, quae ad oppugnationem castrorum erant

Itaque Curio exercitum turn in castra reducit. Cuius discessu vulnerati e castris hostium in oppidum

reducuntur; quo quidem tempore multi praeterea per simulationem vulnerum propter metum eodem sese recipi1.

in: during.

13.
sc.

castra: see again the note

2.

fugientium:

hostium.

4.
5.

saepius: absol. compar. aut: cf. the note on p.

7.

128,

1.

ipsum: proper. proelium: a battle (in the sc. ex castris; egress! open). translate the part, by a relative
p. 149,!. 3.

on

14.

6. apertum: unprotected, i.e. the right. ille Varus. 7. scuto scutum, -i, N., shield.
:

clause.
16. 17.

turn

for
:

the time being.

abl. of

discessu

time

when

10. 11.

iter:

roadway.
:

translate

"on."
translat:

sine vulnere

i.e.

wound in-

18.

quidem: omit in
per
freely,

flicted
12.

by the enemy.
i.e.

ing.
19.

under.

cursu

adeo: the adv. eodem without stopping.

eodem:

adv., to the

same

shelter.

FIRST LATIN READER

153

SCUTA

This

illustration,

taken from the carvings on the column of

,

Trajan (see page 40) shows

how Roman

soldiers,

by locking

their

shields (scuta), formed a solid roof over their heads as they came up under a wall from which the enemy were sending down a

shower of

missiles.

154
unt.

FIRST LATIN

READER

re animadversa exercitusque timore cognito, bucinatore Varus, tabernacullsque paucls in castris ad tertia speciem relictls, vigilia reliquum quoque exercitum

Qua

silentio in

oppidum

reducit.

LESSON
King Juba marches
5

123

to the

Relief of Varus

Postridie eius diel Curio obsidere Uticam coepit. Sed iam ad urbem perveniunt a rege luba nuntil, qui ilium adesse magnis cum copils dlcant oppidanosque de defensione Nuntiabantur haec eadem Curiom. Ille urbis hortentur. tamen prlm5 regem nihil contra se ausurum existimabat icsed ubi certior est factus copias lubae ab Utica minus
;

qulnque et vlginti mllia passuum abesse, relictls munltionibus sese in Castra Cornelia recepit. Hue comportare ad obsidionem sustinendam usui erant. omnia, quae coepit

Dum
parvls

haec

15 alio bello esse

cum

ex oppidanls perfugls audivit lubam revocatum, et Saburram, eius praefectum, copils Uticae appropinquare. Quo audito,
fiunt,

consilium temere mutavit, proelioque

2.

rem committere
Castra Cornelia
p. 146.
:
:

con-

bucinatore

bucinator, -oris,

12.

see again

ad speciem: i.e. M., trumpeter. to keep up the appearance of occupancy.

5.

the

map on

13.

omnia

all sorts

of

things.

eius diel:

omit in translat-

The gen. depends upon the ing. die which enters into the composition of postridie.
6.

obsidionem of the same derivation as the verb obsidere, 1. 5. with adj. force, 14. perfugls
:

deserting.
abl. of means. 15. alio bellS Apparently this item of news regarding Juba's movements was
:

luba

see the note

on

p.

148,1.5. 8. haec eadem: neut.

late as singular.

trans-

deliberately fabricated, the "desertions" from the city having been

10. minus less (than) use of amplius, p. 101, 1. 3.

:

cf.

the

planned for the express purpose of deceiving Curio.

FIRST LATIN
stituit.

READER

155

Quare equitatum omnem prlma nocte ad castra quT hostis necopmantes adortus, praemittit occidit. numerum eorum Quo facto, ad Curionem magnum
Saburrae
;

equites redeunt captivosque ad

eum

reducunt.

LESSON
The Numidians
5

124

resort to Strategy

nibus

Curio, cohortibus quinque castris praesidio relictls, omcum copils quarta vigilia profectus, sex mllia passuum
erat.
;

iam ipse progressus

etiam celerius
esse,
10

iter fecit

Qui, victoria equitatus cognita, lubam enim credebat longe ab-

exiguasque Saburrae copias facile se opprimere posse

exlstimabat.

Interim autem luba (cuius de discessu falso erat nuntiatum, qufque iam
certior factus,

baud longe aberat), de nocturne proelio duo mllia equitum eamque peditum partem,

confldebat, Saburrae subsidio mittit, ipseque 15 cum reliquls copils elepbantlsque sexaginta lenius subsequitur. Suspicatus brevi Curionem ipsum adfore, Saburra
cui

maxime

copias

equitum

peditumque statim

Instruxit

atque

els

imperavit ut simul atque nostrl in conspectum venissent, simulatione timoris paulatim cederent.
20

Quo
i.

facto, hostes
i.e.

fugere Curio ratus legiones de collibus

16. suspicatus translate as a ipsum: as contrasted present. with his cavalry, which had already adfore: i.e. adbeen in action.
:

ad:

to attack.

adv., lit. falsely] render the clause freely.

12. qulque: nocturno proelio 14.
i.e.
:

11.

falso:

qui
1.

+
if.

que.

see

futurum
3,

esse.
i.e.

confidebat:

confido,

18.

simul atque:
venissent:

cum

pri-

-fisus

sum, with

dat.,r<?/x

(upon},
-I,

mum.

cf.

the note

on

subsidio: dat. of service.

15.

elephantls: elephantus,

exspectassent, p. 104,!. 18. 19. simulati5ne: translate the

abl.

M., elephant.

"with."

156

FIRST LATIN READER

;

in planitiem deduxit
sus,

cumque

confecto iam
suis

labore

longius esset inde progresexercitu, Ioc5 inlquo constitit.

explicat.
in

signum subito dat Saburra aciemque Peditatu prlmo ad speciem tantum utitur, equites nostram inmittit.

Turn

aciem

LESSON
Curio's

125

Army

is

Annihilated

Repentma

re

minime permotus Curio ordines circumiit

;

mllitesque hortatus est ut spem omnem in virtute ponerent. Hi prlmo fortissime dimicabant sed hostes, qui numero

longe erant superiores, mox aciem nostram circumventam 10 a tergo adoriri coeperunt. Turn Curio, ubi perterritls omnibus cohortationes suas non audiri intellexit,
esse

unam

salutis

15

spem reliquam arbitratus, proximos Sed hos quoque praeoccupat que eo slgna ferre iussit. missus a Saburra equitatus. Turn vero ad summam desperationem nostrl perveniunt, et Cn. Domitius, praefectus equitum, cum paucls equitibus
circumsistens,

colles capere at-

Curionem orat ut fuga petat salutem,

pollicetur.

et se
se,

ab eo non discessurum

At Curio numquam
cohortationes:
F.,

1. longius: absol. compar. inde: i.e. from the point where he had left the hills.

n.
-onis,
12.

cohortatio,

exhortation.

spem:

2.

cdnfecto:

construe

with

make for;
be supplied.
:

chance. capere as subject, suos may

:

exercitu.
4.

8.

prlmo the adv. dimicabant: kept up the

:

fight.
9.
if

the adv. 13. eo slgna: see the notes on pp. 130, 1. i,and 131, 1. 1 6. hos i.e. colles.
:

circumventam: translate as

15.

desperationem: desperatio,

circumvenerunt eamque. 10. a tergo: cf. p. 78,]. 18. omnibus: noun, forming an abl. absol. with perterritls.

-onis, F., despair. 18. se, etc.:

numquam
1.

the in-

direct discourse

depends upon con2.

firmat, p. 157,

FIRST LATIN READER

157

amisso exercitu quern a Caesare accepisset, in eius conspectum rediturum confirmat, atque ita pugnans interficitur.

E
5

nonnulli, qui

proelio equites nostrl perpauci eff ugerunt quibuscum equorum reficiendortim causa in itinere paulum
;

morati erant, fuga totius exercitus procul animadversa,

in-

columes

in castra se contulerunt.

Pedites ad

unum omnes

interfecti sunt.
reficiendorum
6.

4.

reficio,

3,

castra

i.e.

the

camp

at

-fed, -fectus, refresh.

Castra Cornelia.

SELECTED PASSAGES FROM LATIN PROSE AUTHORS

AN EPISODE FROM THE GALLIC WAR
(Caesar,

DC

Bella Gallico, VI,

7,

8)

LESSON

126

Though disconcerted for the time being by Caesar's decisive victory over the Nervii (Lesson 115), the Treveri subsequently more than once threatened the winter camp of Labienus (cf. Lessons 112 and 116,
and see the map on page
1

24)

haec a Caesare geruntur, Treveri magnls coactis peditatus equitatusque copils Labienum cum una legione, quae in eorum flnibus hiemabat, adorirl parabant iamque ab eo non longius bldui via aberant, cum duas venisse
;

Dum

Positis castrls a legiones missu Caesaris cognoscunt. mllibus passuum xv, auxilia Germanorum exspectare constituunt.

Labienus

hostium cognito consilio, sperans temeritate

eorum
1.

fore aliquam dlmicandi facultatem, praesidio qulnque

i.e.

haec:
is

events mentioned

scunt
1.

cf.

commemorant,
as
adv.,

p.

135,

in the narrative

from which

this

6.

a:

away
the

(with
adv.

extract
2.

taken.
translate

abl. of

degree of difference).
cf.

cum:
:

"and."
abl.
i.e.

una
with

the one.

temeritate: temere.
8.

4.

via: than

a journey,

the compar. venisse: to reenforce Labienus.

5.

on their part. 9. eorum: dimicandi i.e. before the Germans should arrive. repraesidio
:

missu: missus, -us, M., lit. order. here, cogndsending;

158

licto

abl. absol.

quinque cohor-

tium: (consisting) of five cohorts.

FIRST LATIN

READER

159

cohortium impediments relicto, cum xxv cohortibus magnoque equitatu contra hostem proficlscitur, et mille passuum
intermisso spatio castra communit.

Erat inter Labienum

atque hostem difficill transitu flumen rlplsque praeruptls. Hoc neque ipse transire habebat in animo neque hostes transituros existimabat. Augebatur auxiliorum cotidie spes. Loquitur in consilio palam, quoniam German! ap-

propinquare
in

dicantur,

sese

suas

exercitusque

fortunas

dubium non devocaturum, et postero die prltna luce ca10 stra moturum. Celeriter haec ad hostes deferuntur, ut ex Gallorum magno equitatus numero nonnullos Gallicls rebus
favere natura cogebat.

LESSON

127

The Enemy are Deceived and become Overconfident

Labienus noctu tribunis mllitum primisque ordinibus sit consill, proponit et, quo facilius
:

convocatis, quid sul

1. impediments at this time Labienus had charge of the heavy baggage of Caesar s entire army. 2. hostem: sing, for pi., as
1

suam salutem.
(that)

exercitusque

of the army. 9. dubium: i.e. periculum; lit. what? devocaturum: devoco, i,

bring-,
i.e.
lit.

in English.
adj.,
3.

mille

indeclinable

call.

castra

moturum
as.

here as genitive. intermisso i.e.

:

he
10.

will fall

back.

relicto

ut

inasmuch

ex

(namely,

enemy).
4,
4.

between him and the communit: communio,

transitus, -us, M.,
.

out of.

n. Gallorum:

freely, recruited

intrench.

from among
note on
rebus
13.
14.
:

the

Gauls

(cf.

the

transitu:
(cf.

passage
7.

transeo)
-a,

praeruptls

139, 1. 10). the Gallic cause.

p.
i.e.

Gallicls

praeruptus,
:

the spes Treveri. loquitur: subject, Labienus. consilio: as on p. 126,

1.
1

-um, rugged. for namely,

ordinibus:

centuri5nibus.
:

quid sui sit c5nsili his plan involves ; lit. what ?

consill, cf.

what
(for
1.

6.
8.

quoniam: inasmuch
suas
. .

as.
i.e.

Standisi, p. 16, proponit: i.e. ostendit.

101,
1.

4).

quo:
14.

fortunas

see the note on p.

i6o
'

FIRST LATIN READER

hostibus timoris det susplcionem, maiore strepitu et tumultu,

popull Romanl fert consuetude, castra mover! iubet. His rebus fugae similem profectionem efficit. Haec quoque per exploratores ante lucem in tanta propinquitate castrorum ad hostes deferuntur. Vix agmen novissimum extra munltiones processerat,

quam

cum

Galll

cohortatl

inter

se,

manibus dimitterent

longum

ne speratam praedam ex esse, perterritls Romanis,

Germanorum auxilium

exspectare, neque

suam

pati digni-

lotatem ut tantis copils tarn exiguam manum, praesertim flumen fugientem atque impeditam, adorirl n5n audeant
transire et inlquo loco committere proelium non dubitant. Quae fore suspicatus Labienus, ut omnes citra flumen
eliceret,
15

eadem usus simulatione

itineris

placide progre-

diebatur.
1.

timoris

namely, on his part.

:

thetical

2. 3.

fert: calls for.

similem

pred. adj.

haec

matter the (between dashes) until the rest of the sentence is clear.
10.

neut.

ut:

that;

dependent
:

on
158,

per freely, by; cf. p. 141, 1. 9. in tanta propinquitate freely, on account of the close proximity
4.
:
:

pati.
1.

tantis copils

see p.

I.

(propinquitas, -atis, F., nearness}.

n. fugientem atque impeditam modifying manum, 1. 10.

:

agmen novissimum: nameWith this ly, of Labienus army. phrase cf. primum agmen, p. 148,
6.
1

flumen: see p. 159, 1. 3 if. fore: 13. quae: neut., this. supplying here a future infinitive for
fio.

1.

6.

processerat

precede,

3,

ut:

-cessl,
7. 8.

-cessum est
inter se
:

advance. freely, one another.

:

diebatur, 1. all. citra:

side of,
14. neris :
i.e.

depending on progreomnes: them 14. prep., to the near

to his side of.
:

longum esse
is

less (lit. too long).

it was needThe indirect

usus

keeping
retreat.

discourse

due to the idea of say-

here,

itiup. placide
:

Do ing implied in cohortatl, 1. 7. not attempt to translate this paren-

adv

pr5grediebatur steadily. continued to move on.

.

FIRST LATIN READER

161

LESSON

128

They are Decisively Beaten

Turn praemissis paulum impediments atque

in

tumulo
petlstis

quodam

"
collocatis,
;

Habetis," inquit, "milites,

virtutem,

quam

facultatem
praestate

hostem impedlto atque imquo loco

tenetis

eandem nobis ducibus

quam

saepenu-

Smero imperaton praestitistis, atque ilium adesse et haec coram cernere existimate." Simul sigha ad hostem convertl
aciemque derigl iubet paucis turmis praesidio ad impedimenta dimissls reliquos equites ad latera disponit. Celeriter nostrl clamore sublato plla in hostes inmittunt.
;

10 111!

ubi praeter spem, quos modo fugere credebant, Infestls slgnfs ad se ire viderunt, impetum ferre non potuerunt, ac prlmo concursu in f ugam coniecti proximas silvas petiverunt.

Quos Labienus
15

equitatu consectatus,

magno numero

inter-

fecto, compluribus captis, paucls post diebus civitatem Nam German!, qui auxilio veniebant, percepta recepit.

Treverorum fuga, sese

1.

domum
-I,

receperunt.
convertl: a signal to change front.
7.

tumulo:

tumulus,

M.,

hillock.

derigl

i.e.

Instrui (derigo,

inquit ; subject, milites: voc. case.

stis

2.

Labienus.

3, -rexi, -rectus).

quam

peti-

8.

ad: on.
praeter:
:

facultatem

i.e.

earn facultatem

10.

i.e.

quam
4.

petlvistis.

spem
:

expectation.

contrary to. quos sup:

nobis ducibus

i.e.

me

duce

person

The use of the first (abl. absol.) pi. for the corresponding
is

ply as antecedent, e5s, those (subject of ire, 1. 1 1).

n. ad ...

ire: trzzly,
:

advanc-us,

saepenuvery common. mero: i.e. saepe; strictly, numero is abl. of specification.

ing,

ac freely, but. ing upon. 12. concursu: concursus,

M., clash (cf.
13.

COLCUTO).
consector,
I,

5.

imperatori: freely, before the

consectatus:

eyes
(i.e.

of your commander in chief

Caesar).

follow up.
15.

haec: this action.

adv., in person. videre. signa ...

recepit: sc. in deditidnem.

i.e.

6.

coram:
:

percepta.

cognita (percipio,

cernere

i.e.

3, -cepi, -ceptus).

162

FIRST LATIN READER

SIGNA

With these standards compare those shown

on page 132.
loyalty

in the illustrations

Flags (vexilla) were used for giving signals, and to differentiate small bodies of troops. In the matter of inspiring

among

compared with

the men, their effect was in general very slight as that of the flag in modern armies.

AN EPISODE FROM THE CIVIL WAR

(Caesar,

De

Bello Civlli, III, 95-98)

LESSON
When,
in

129

and thus precipitated the

49 B.C., Caesar marched some of his troops south into Italy, civil war between himself and Pompey (cf. the episode in Lessons 117-125), Pompey was taken by surprise, and re-

In the decisive battle of Pharsalus, fought there in tired into Greece. the following year, Caesar gained the first advantage, driving the Pompeians back to the shelter of their ramparts.

Caesar, Pompeianis ex fuga intra vallum compulsis, nullum spatium perterritis dari oportere existimans, milites cohortatus est ut benefici5 Fortunae uterentur castraque

nam ad oppugnarent. QuI, etsl magno aestu fatlgati meridiem res erat perducta tamen ad omnem laborem
paratl, imperio paruerunt. Castra a cohortibus, quae ibi praesidio erant relictae, Industrie defendebantur, multo etiam acrius a Thracibus

animo

barbarisque
10 et

auxiliis.

Nam
own

qui ex acie refrigerant milites,

animo
1.

perterriti et lassitudine confecti, missis plerique

i.e.

vallum:

of their

camp.
2.
ritis
:

spatium:
:

respite.

perter-

modifying els, supplied. dari oportere should be allowed

(oportet, 2, -uit,

6. animo abl. of specification ; translate freely. 7. castra: namely, of PomIndustrie adv., energetically. pey.
: :

8.

multo
-que: milites:
i.e.

construe

with
qui

impersonal verb,
-us,

acrius.
g.

lit. it

is fitting).

and
i.e.

(other).
el

4.

aestu:

aestus,
i.e.

M.,

...
10.

milites, qui.

heat.
tigo, i).

fatlgati:

defessl (fa-

acie:

proelio.
:

lassitudine

lassitude, -inis,

meridiem: 5 here, res: engagement.

midday.

F., -weariness.
(cf.

missis: discarded
.

dlmitto)

plerique

freely,

163

1 64

FIRST LATIN READER

armis sigmsque militaribus, magis de reliqua fuga quam de castrorum defensione cogitabant. Neque vero diutius,
qul in vallo constiterant, multitudinem telorum sustinere potuerunt, sed confecti vulneribus locum rellquerunt,
5

protinusque omnes, ducibus usi centurionibus tribunisque militum, in altissimos montes, qul ad castra pertinebant,
confugerunt.
Caesar,
castrls

potitus,

militibus

contendit

ne,

in

praeda occupati, reliqui negotl gerendl facultatem dimitloterent. Qua re impetrata, montem opere circummunlre
mstituit.

LESSON

130

Unconditional Surrender of the Pompeians

Pompeiani, quod is mons erat sine aqua, diffisi el locd, monte, universl iugis eius Larlsam versus se recipere coeperunt Qua re animadversa, Caesar copias suas divisit,
relicto
in the majority of cases ; the

word
in

-fugl,

with in and the ace., take

i.e.

agrees sense
absol.

with
it

milites,

though

belongs with
careful

the abl.

refuge (upon). 8. contendit:

10.

petivit.

Be

to

make

the

rendering of this matic throughout.

x.

sentence idio-

the particular height upon which the Pompeians

:

montem

i.e.

had finally assembled.

militaris,
-is,

circummugirdle.

militaribus:
military,

nire

circummunio,
instituit:

4,

-e, lit.

the

full
;

signa mllitaria is " standexpression for

xi.

i.e.

coepit

(In-

usually the adj. is omitted. de reliqua fuga: i.e. about resuming their flight.
2. 3. 4.
5.

ards"

absol. compar. in vallo i.e. to defend

:

diutius

it.

sum, with dat., lack confidence (in), 13. iugls iugum, -I, N., ridge ; " translate the abl. " along (way by Laeius i.e. montis. which).
: :

stituo, 3, -stitui, -stitutus) . 12. diffisi : diffldo, 3, -fisus

locum:

(their} ducibus usi

:

posts.
lit.

rlsam: a town

some miles

north,

having

toward which Pompey had already

fled,

(as) leaders ; translate freely. 6. altissimos: absol. superl.

7.

making

for the sea.

versus versus

translate as

if

ad

....
1.

(cf.

confugerunt:

confugio,

3,

the note on p. 79,

21).

FIRST LATIN READER

165

partemque legidnum in castris Pompei remanere iussit, partem in sua castra remisit, IV secum legiones duxit, commodioreque itinere Pompeianls occurrere coepit, et progressus mllia passuum VI, aciem Instruxit. Qua re 5 animadversa, PompeianI in quodam monte constiterunt Hunc montem flumen subluebat. Caesar mllites cohortatus, etsi totius diel continent! labore erant confectl noxque iam suberat, tamen munitione flumen a monte seclusit, ne noctu
aquarl PompeianI possent.
10

Quo

perfecto opere,

illl

de deditione missis legatls agere

PaucI ordinis senatoril, qui se cum his conCaesar prlma iunxerant, nocte fuga salutem petiverunt. luce omnes eos, qui in monte consederant, ex superioribus
coeperunt.
15

descendere atque arma proicere iussit. ubi sine recusatione fecerunt, passlsque palmls proQuod iectl ad terram flentes ab eo salutem petiverunt, consolatus
locls in planitiem

consurgere iussit et pauca apud eos de lenitate sua locutus, quo minore essent timore, omnes conservavit.
1.

Pompei:

cf.
1.

the

Standisi, p. 16,

4.

note on remanere:

-um, senatorial ; the highest order in the Roman state (cf. the note

remaneo, 2, -mansl, -mansum est, remain. 2. sua note the position. i.e. than the 3. commodiore: route taken by the enemy.
:

on p.

125,!. 9)-

his

-.i.e.

^hePom-

peian forces.
12.

nocte

i.e.

noctu.
:

15. recusatione
p.,
i.e.

recusatio, -onis,

protest
:

(cf.

recuso).

palmls
-ae,

6.
,

subluebat:

subluo, 3,

manibus
16.

(palma,
:

F.)
lives.

wash

7.

continent!:

the base of. as

proiecti
adj.

freely, falling
i.e.

forward.

(abl.

salutem
:

(their}
i.e.

case), unbroken.
8.

consolatus
i.e.

sc. eos.
:

suberat
-esse,

aderat (subseclusit:
se-

17.

consurgere
3,

sum,
9.

-fui).

(consurgo,
est)
i.e.
.

-surrexi,
:

surgere -surrectum

cludo, 3, -clusl, -clusus, shut off.

10.

apud eos
them.

in their hearing,
lenitas,

aquarl: aquor, \,get water. i.e. the mumtio of opere

:

to

lenitate:

-atis, p.,

humaneness.
. .

1.8.
agere.
1 1
.

de deditione: construe with

senatoril

18.

the
:

clause.
:

quo: note the compar. in timinore

.

senatorius,

-a,

more

abl. of characteristic.

THE DEATH OF CAESAR

(Suetonius, Julius, 81, 82)

LESSON
As a
world.
result of the civil war,

131

Caesar became master of the

Roman

did not approve of his absolute power, and a plot was formed to take his life. As he left home for the senate house on the

Many

fatal day,

some one pushed

into his

hand a document
it.

telling of the con-

spiracy

but he did not stop to examine

Pluribus hostils caesls,

cum

litare

non

posset,

introiit

curiam spreta religione Spurinnamque irrldens et ut falsum arguens, quod sine ulla sua noxa Idus Martiae adessent
is
5

venisse quidem eas dice ret, sed non praeterquamquam isse. Assidentem conspiratl specie officil circumsteterunt
;

Ilicoque
1.

Cimber
i.e.

Tillius, qui

primas partes susceperat, quasi

irrldens
ing.
(-entis, part.): derid-

pluribus:
:

compluribus.

hostils
cial

hostia, -ae, F., sacrificaesls: victim. caedo, 3,

cecldi,

caesus,

cessive.

cum: slay. litare : lito, I,

con-avl,

-atumest, secure favorable omens ; the condition of the entrails of the

as (a) false {prophet}. 3. arguens (-entis, part.): asquod as on p. 55, 1. 1 1. sailing. sua noxa (noxa, -ae, F.) harm
ut
: :
:

falsum

to

him (Caesar),
4.
is
:

animals being supposed to portend good fortune or

slaughtered
the reverse.
-Ire, -ii, -itus,

introiit

introeo,
F.. sen-

i.e. Spurinna. assidentem: sc. Caesarem (assid5, 3, -sedi, -sessum est, take

5.

enter.
-ae,

one^s

seat}.

conspiratl
conspirators.
respect.
i.e.

(-orum,
officii
:

2.

curiam: curia,
spreta
: :

M.)

the

ate house.

from sperno.

of (showing)
6. ilico

Spurinnam

a priest

who had

(adv.):
:

statim.

predicted peril for Caesar on the 1 5th of March (fdus Martiae, 1.3).

primas
rdle.

partes

i.e.

the

leading

166

FIRST LATIN READER

167

CAIUS IULIUS CAESAR

A Roman of distinguished family, and one of the ablest warriors the world has known.

i68

FIRST LATIN READER

aliquid rogaturus propius accessit, renuentlque et gestu in aliud tempus different! ab utroque umero togam apprehendeinde clamantem, " Ista quidem vis est," alter e Cadit
;

scls
5

aversum vulnerat, paulum Infra iugulum. Caesar Cascae bracchium arreptum graphid
prosilire
ali5

traiecit,

utque animadvertit undique se strictis pugionibus peti, toga caput obvolvit, simul sinistra manu sinum ad Ima crura

conatusque

vulnere

tardatus

est;

deduxit,
10

parte velata.
est,

quo honestius caderet, etiam Inferiore corporis Atque ita tribus et vigintl plagls confossus
;

etsl tradiderunt

uno modo ad primum Ictum gemitu sine voce edito " quidam Marco Bruto inruentl dlxisse, Kal
aliquid rogaturus
:

1.

intending

6.

prosilire:

prosilio,

4, -ui,
:

to

make some
renuenti
:

request ; lit. what ? sc. Caesarl (renuo, 3,

;

leap forward. ut do, i, stop.

7.

tardatus est
:

tar-

i.e.

ubi.
-a,

shake (pne^s) head} translate by a clause introduced by "as"; the lit. meaning of the dat. is "for."
-n\fi,

strictis:

strictus,

-um,
i.e.
:

pugionibus: part., drawn. sicis (pugio, -onis, M.). toga

1.2.
8.

cf.

gestu: gestus, -us, M., gesture.

2. different!: sc. cum, lit. putab at ; cf. the ting (him} off. use of ex in phrases like omnibus ex partibus. togam toga, -ae, F.,
: :

obvolvit

obvolvo,

3, -volvi,
:

-volutus, shroud.
ster,
-tra,

sinistra
left.

sini-

-trum,

sinum:
:

robe.
3,

apprehendit apprehends, -prehendl, -prehensus, lay hold of.

:

sinus, -us, M.., fold', translate here ad ima crura i.e. as ^\., (its)folds.
to his ankles (crus, cruris, N., leg).
9. honestius: honeste (adv.), in seemly fashion. 10. velata: i.e. tecta (velo, i). plagis: i.e. vulneribus (plaga,

3.

clamantem:
:

sc.

Caesarem.
;

ista
cf.

for istud (subject of est)

the agreement of quod, p. 30,

vis:

1.6.

Cascis:
ers

the

(downright) violence. two were broth.

-ae, F.).

(nom. Casca) 4. aversum from behind, lit. infra prep., below. turnedaway. iugulum iugulum, -i, N., neck.
: :

uno: construe with gemitu. ad: at. i.e. tantum. voce ictum ictus, -us, M., blow.
11.

modo:
:

articulation.
12.

5.

bracchium:
graphio

bracchium,
:

-i,
-i,

inruenti

inruens,

N., N.,

arm.
stylus.

graphium,
:

part.,

pressing
:

forward.
too,

-entis, di.

traiecit

traicio,

3,

xisse

sc.

eum
;

(i.e.

Caesarem)

-ieci, -iectus,

pierce.

Kal <rv TKVOV you

my

boy f

FIRST LATIN READER

(TV reicvov

169

iacuit,

Exanimis, diff ugientibus cunctls, aliquamdiu donee lecticae impositum, dependente bracchi5, tres
;

"

servoli
tistius
5

domum

rettulerunt.

Nee

in tot vulneribus, ut

An-

medicus exlstimabat, letale ullum repertum quod secundo loco in pectore acceperat.

est, nisi

THE FATE OF HANNIBAL

(Nepos, Hannibal,
12, 13)

LESSON

132

The second Punic War, waged between the Romans and Carthaginians from 218 to 20 1 B.C., ended in a complete victory for the Romans. The latter, however, were suspicious that Hannibal, the most famous
general of the Carthaginians, was simply biding his time to renew the war under more favorable conditions and so they desired to arrest and
;

hold him as a prisoner.

for

By hastening
in the East.

into exile,

years, of trouble for the

some

and improved the opportunity

to stir

Hannibal escaped up a great deal

Romans

Quae dum
siae

in

Romae apud
exanimis
(-is,
:

Asia geruntur, accidit casu ut legati PruT. Quinctium Flaminmum consularem

-e)
:

1.

lifeless.

-e).

nisi

quod: excepting (one)

i.e.

diff ugientibus

diffugio, 3, -fugi,
:

'which.
5.

scatter.

cunctis

i.e.

omnibus, as
-ae,
p.,

secundo:
lit.

specially vul-

noun
2.
litter.

(cuncti, -ae, -a), lecticae lectica,

:

nerable;

favorable.
i.e.

pectore:

pectus, -oris, N., chest.

6.

dependente:
part.,
cf.

dependens,

quae

-entis,

hanging
p. 168,
1.

down.
5.
-I,

bracchio:
3.

in previous chapters. Asia Minor. accidit

events narrated Asia i.e.

:

impersonal
:

servoli:
cf.

young slave ;
runt:
ut: as.
4.

servolus, servus.

M., rettule-

casu: i.e. forte. expression. Prusiae (nom. in -a, or -as) king

sc.

eum.

in:

among.
:

of Bithynia

gen.
(-1,

The may be rendered "from."

(cf. p.

170,

1.

5).

medicus
i.e.

M.)

physician.
-is,

7.

consularem:

consularis,

-is,

letale:

exitiale (letalis,

M., ex-consul.

70

FIRST LATIN READER

cenarent, atque ibi de Hannibale menti5ne facta, ex els Onus diceret eum in Prusiae regno esse. Id postero die

Flaminmus senatul
bale vivo
5

detulit.

numquam

Patres conscript!, qui Hannise sine msidiis futures exlstimarent,

legates in Bithyniam miserunt (in eTs Flamininum), qui ab

rege

peterent, sibique dederet.

recusavit,

ne inimlcissimum suum secum haberet His Prusia negare ausus non est. Illud
a se
si

ne

id

fieri

postularent,

quod adversus

ius

possent, comprehenderent ; locum, 10 ubi esset, facile inventuros.

hospitil esset;
ipsl,

LESSON

133

Death rather than Captivity

Hannibal enim uno loco
rege datum
1.

se tenebat, in castello,

erat muneri, idque sic aedificarat, ut in

:

quod el a omnibus

mentiSne
diceret:

mentio, -onis,
in

F.,

8.

id

mention.
2.

quod.
the. same con1.

a things antecedent of adversus i.e. (prep.)

:
:

contra.
9.

struction as cenarent,

i.

eum:

hospitil: hospitium,
ipsi
.

-i,

N.,

Hannibal.
i.e. the 3. patres conscript!: senators (conscriptus, -a, -um, lit. Hannibale vivo: abl. enrolled)
.

hospitality.

comprehen-

derent

sc.

eum, i.e.

let

them arrest
eos (sub-

him

themselves.

10.

inventuros:

sc.

absol.

duced by
4.

translate " as

by a clause
:

intro-

ject).

Tht

indirect

discourse

long as."
subjunctive
1.

depends upon the idea of saying

underlying
recusavit,
1.

exlstimarent

8;
1.

cf.

in a causal relative clause.

5.
6.

longum

esse, etc., p. 160,

8.

in eis: cf. p. 38,

14.

inimicissimum suum: their

n. enim: referring to what is said in the last clause of Lesson 132.

in:
12.

deadly foe. harbor.

7.

secum haberet:
:

i.e.

namely, in.
:

sibique dederet his que ut sibi dederet.

tis.

i.e.
:

eum.

i.e.

i.e.
,

illud

ne

this

legathat.

muneri : rege i.e. Prusia. don5, dat. of service (munus, aedificarat : i.e. aedi-eris, N.)
.

ficaverat.

FIRST LATIN READER

171

niret,

partibus aedificii exitus haberet, scilicet verens ne usu vequod accidit. Hue cum legati Romanl venissent ac

multitudine

domum

eius circumdedissent, puer, ab ianua

prospiciens, Hanniball dixit pluris praeter c6nsue"tudinem sarmatos apparere. Qui imperavit el ut omnis forls circumiret

ac propere sibi nuntiaret

num eodem modo undique

obsideretur.

Puer cum

celeriter quid vldisset renuntiasset,

exitus occupatos ostendisset, sensit id non fortuito factum, sed se petl neque sibi diutius vltam esse retinen-

ommsque
dam.

10

Quam

ne alieno

arbitrio dimitteret,

memor
secum

pristina-

rum

virtiatum,

venenum,

quod

semper

habere

consuerat, sumpsit.

Sic vir fortissimus, multis varilsque

perfunctus laboribus, anno acquievit septuagesimo.

x.

aedificii:

structure.

verens
:

aedificium, -I, N., i.e. veritus.

:

i.e. cum puer. 7. puer cum renuntiasset: renuntio, I, re:

usu venlret
2.

sc. id (subject), i.e.

port.
8.

that (thing)
ally}

would happen.

sensit:

quod accidit: which (actudid come to pass (namely, the

fortuito
9.

(adv.):

subject, Hannibal. casu. i.e.

discovery by the

Romans of his hid:

ing place). 3. puer:

4.
1.

hue
i.e.

cf. p.

154,

1.

12.

servus.

ianua:

ianua, -ae, p., door.

pluris:

retifactum: sc. esse. render the gerundive by "could." 10. quam: ne: i.e. vitam. freely, to avoid (with part, in

nendam

5.

praeter

modifying armatos, consuetudinem

:

-ing)

arbitrio

arbitrium,

-I,

N.,

bidding.
11. virtutum: of valor. 12.
13.

than usual; nary.

5.

lit.

beyond the ordii.e.

freely,

career

apparere:
ei
:

in conspectu

consuerat

'.i.e.

consueverat.

esse (appareo, 2, -ui).

qul:

i.e.
:

Hannibal.
i.e.

i.e.

puero.
i.e.

foris

perfunctus: perfungpr, 3, -functus sum, experience. This

exitus (cf.
6.

1.

i).

verb takes the same construction

:

propere

(adv.)

cele-

as utor

and

potior.

acquievit
i.e. die.

riter.

num

conjunction, whether.

acquiesco, 3, -quievi, rest,

CATILINE'S CONSPIRACY
(Sallust.

Bellum Catilinae, 40, 41, 60)

LESSON

134

In 63 B.C. Marcus Cicero (brother of the Quintus Cicero who subsequently figured in the events described in Lesson 108 ff.) had to deal with a rather alarming conspiracy which aimed to revolutionize the government of Rome. The chief conspirator, Catiline, took the field with

an army, while Lentulus, who was secretly in sympathy with him, supervised matters in the city. One day Lentulus noticed there two Gallic envoys who had come to Rome to complain that Roman officials were
oppressing their people,

and

he

thereupon conceived

the idea of
to stir

further embarrassing the government up a revolt among their countrymen.

by inducing these Gauls

Igitur P.

Umbreno cuidam negotium

si

dat,

utl legates

possit, impellat ad sociexistimans etatem belli, publice prlvatimque aere alieno oppresses, praeterea quod natura gens Gallica bellicosa

Allobrogum requirat eosque,

esset, facile eos

ad

tale consilium in

adduci posse.

negotiatus erat, plerisque prmcipibus civitatium notus erat atque eos noverat. Itaque
1.

Umbrenus, quod
P.:
PubliS.

Gallia

i.e.

dat: sub-

4.
(i.e.

oppresses:
:

modifying

eos

utl: i.e. ut. ject, Lentulus. 2. Allobrogum : a tribe

of
re-

southeast
quiro,
out,
3,

Gaul.
-quisivi,
:

requirat:
-quisitus,

belli-Allobroges) supplied. cosa bellicosus, -a, -um, warlike. for mood, cf. the 5. esset:

seek

impellat
incite.

hnpello, 3, -puli,

translate

note on admoveantur, p. 61, 1. 14; tale as a present.

-pulsus,

societatem:

so-

talis, -is, -e,

7.

such a.
cf.

cietas, -atis, p.,

with gen., partnerp.

:

civitatium:
1.

the note on

ship (in). ad vs., 3. publice privatimque as a people and as individuals.

123,

ii.

noverat: nosco,3,

novi,

notus:

become

acquainted

with.
172

FIRST LATIN READER

173

MARCUS TULLIUS CICERO

The
fame

first

as a statesman

of his family to reach the consulship, Cicero won some by suppressing the conspiracy of Catiline ; but
lasting distinction
his

his chief

and

was along

literary lines.
;

In oratory

he was hardly rivaled in

priceless possession.

own

generation

and his writings are a

174
sine mora, ubi
tus

FIRST LATIN READER

primum

pauca de statu

civitatis et

legates in foro conspexit, percontaquasi dolens eius casum,

Postrequlrere coepit, quern exitum tantis malls sperarent. illos videt de avaritia quam querl magistratuum, accusare
5

senatum quod in eo auxill nihil esset, miseriis suis remedium mortem exspectare, "at ego," inquit, "vobls, si modo viri esse vultis, rationem ostendam, qua tanta ista mala
effugiatis."

LESSON
The Envoys are Initiated

135
into the Conspiracy

Haec
neque
essent,

ubi

dlxit,

Allobroges
esse,

in

maximam spem
nihil tarn

adducti,

iUmbrenum
tarn

orare ut sui miseretur:

difficile

asperum quod non cupidissime facturl

llberaret.
Ille

eos in
1.

dum ea res civitatem acre alieno domum D. BrutI perducit, quod foro
:

propinqua erat
freely,

percontatus
statu

percontor,

i,

of men.
whelming.
yours.
10.

tanta:
ista
:

over.
.

ask,
2.
:

those

of
sui
:

status, -us,
.

.,

with

civitatis : gen., situation {in} sc. eorum. quasi: cf. p. 166, 1. 6. dolens doleo, 2, -ul, be con:

orare

for oraverunt.

cerned about.
3.

miseretur: miseror, 2, gen. pi. miseritus sum, with gen., take pity the indirect nihil, etc. (on)
.
:

requirere
1.

inquire
p. 171,
1.

(cf.

discourse

is

due to ^he idea of

p. 172,
lit.,

2).

exitum: solution,
(cf.

saying underlying orare.

way

out
:

i).

tantis malls
4.

dat. case.
:

magistratuum
i,

tus, -us, M., official.

cfiso,

magistraaccusare ac:

n. neque: translate "or." facturi essent that quod non they would not undertake it ; a rel. .
.

ative clause of result.

12.

rail at.
:

dum: provided
it.

only.
:

ea
ille

5.
1.

quod
eo
:

cf.
i.e.

the note

on

13.

senatu.
p.,

p. 62, miseriis :

res

aere

alieno

translate
:

" or u of." the abl. " from

miseriae,

-arum,
:

troubles.

Umbrenus.
13.

remedium
dium,
7.
-i,

(as)
:

solution^ (reme-

in

domum
16,
1.

cf.

N.). viri esse

on
i.e.

p.

II.

the note D. i.e.

:

play the part

Decimi.

FIRST LATIN READER

:

175

neque aliena con sill propter Semproniam nam turn Brutus ab Roma aberat. Praeterea Gabmium arcessit, quo maior Eo praesente coniuratiSnem auctoritas sermonl inesset mult5s cuiusque generis nominat socios, praeterea aperuit, Deinde eos Sinnoxios, quo legatis animus amplior esset.
pollicitos

operam suam domum dimittit. Sed Allobroges diu in incerto habuere, quidnam
:

cSnsill
belli,

caperent magna merces

in altera parte erat aes alienum,

in

studium

spe victoriae, at in altera maiores opes,

Haec illis iotuta consilia, pro incerta spe certa praemia. volventibus, tandem vicit fortuna re! publicae. Itaque Q. Fabio Sangae, cuius patrocinio civitas plurimum utebatur,
rem omnem,
1.

uti

cognoverant, aperiunt.
gen.,

Cicero, per San:

aliena:
(to}

with
.

un:

habuerunt)

freely,

were undecided.
.

friendly
wife
self

Semproniam

of

Brutus,

who was
to

himcon-

what quidnam -nam being an intensive

: .

really,

particle.

not

party

the

consili

spiracy.

compar. in was a freedman, hence the need of call2.

quo

note the

causae, p. 150, 8. altera .

the one
(-1,
. .
.

for syntax, cf. 1. 10.

.
.

quid

altera

(1.

9)

the

clause.

Umbrenus

the other.

studium
:

N.)
g.

ing in a conspirator of better social

standing.

ment.
sermo,
:

with gen., liking (for}. merces (-edis, F.) induceopes namely, those of
: :

3.

sermonl:

-onis,

M.,

the government (ops, opis, F., help ;

pi.,

interview.

inesset

msum,
;

inesse,

resources).
illis i.e. Allobrogibus. volventibus volvo, 3, volvi,
: :

transinfm, with dat., lit. be (in} i.e. eo late the phrase freely.
:

10.
11
.

Gabinio.
4.

volutus,
I,

turn
cf.

over
note
1.

in

(one^s}

nominat: nomino,
:

name.

mind;

the

praeterea: (and} in addition. 5. innoxios pred. adj. (innoxius, -a, -um, innocent} amplior amplus, -a, -um, great (cf. the
.

dente, p. 44, adv., at length.

17.
rel

on defentandem:
:

publicae

sc.

Romanae.
12.

patrdcinio

adv. amplius). 6. suam: modifier of operam.

N., legal services.

patrOcinium, -I, plurimum see

:
:

multum.
13.

domum
7.

i.e.

to their

temporary
(for

quarters in
in

Rome.
incertS

verant

as. uti {i.e. ut) Cicer5 sc. earn.

cSgnosee the

habuere

note at the head of Lesson 134.

176

FIRST LATIN READER

consilio cognito,
legatis praecepit,

gam

ut studium con-

simulent, ceteros adeant, bene polliceantur, dentque operam uti eos quam maxime manifestos habeant.
iurationis

vehementer

LESSON
The
countrymen

136

envoys, pretending that it would be difficult to persuade their to revolt unless the matter were put into writing, easily secured thus from the conspirators evidence sufficient to convict nine
of the ringleaders, five of
prison.

whom

were promptly executed in the public

Shortly afterward, in the north country, the army of Catiline note at the head of Lesson 134) was brought to bay by the the (see government forces, and he chose to try conclusions with a division

which on the day of battle was under the command of a veteran

officer

named
5

Petreius.

signum idem facit hostium exercitus. Postquam eo ventum est, unde [a] ferentarils committl posset, maximo clamore cum Infestis proelium Veconcurrunt pila omittunt, gladiis res geritur. signls
ubi,

Sed

omnibus rebus

exploratis, Petreius tuba

;

dat, cohortis paulatim incedere iubet

1.
i.e.

praecepit

(for

praecipit)

use the pluperfect.

suas.

cohortis

sc.

imperat (praecipio, 3, -cepi, studium cf. p. 175,!. 8. -ceptus). 2. i.e. the other conceteros
: :

incedere
est,

incedo, 3, -cessi,

-cessum
i.e.

advance.

hostium
to

Catiline
7.

and
.
.

his followers,
:

spirators in Rome. //kz/. 3. uti:

eo

unde

a point
ferenta-

maxime:
1.

cf.

where
rils
:

(lit.

whence).

the note on p. 44, festos: manifestus,

n.

mani-

ferentarii,

-orum, M., light;

-a,

-um, obvi-

armed

ously guilty^ translate the phrase

freely.
5.

troops {e.g. slingers the top illustration on p. 140). use 9. omittunt: make no
lit.

cf.

of-,

sed:

now.
tuba
:

exploratis

inspected.

tuba,

-ae,

F.,

omit (omitto, 3, -misl, -missus). Contrast the regular procedure for

trumpet.
tion

See the second

60.
:

illustra-

beginning
res
:

battle,

p.

161,

1.

9
:

on

p.

the fighting.

veteran!

6.

dat

if

rendered as a past,

i.e.

of the government army.

FIRST LATIN READER

terani, pristinae virtutis
illl

177
acriter mstare,

memores, comminus
:

baud timide

resistunt

maxima
integros

vi certatur.

Interea

Catilma

cum

expeditls in prlma acie versarl,

laborantibus
5

succurrere,

pro

saucils

arcessere,

omnia providere, multum ipse pugnare, saepe hostem

ferlre
:

sequebatur.
erat,

strenui militis et boni imperat5ris officia simul exPetreius, ubi videt Catilmam, contra ac ratus
vi tendere,

magna

cohortem praetoriam

in

medios

hostis inducit eosque perturbatos atque alios alibi resiicstentls interficit, deinde utrimque ex lateribus ceteros ad-

greditur.

cadunt.

in primls fusas Catilma, postquam copias seque

et
at
close

Manlius

Faesulanus

pugnantes

cum

paucls

comminus

adv.,
:

tentus, stretch
self}. center.
9.

Instate insto, i, -stiti, quarters. Here, and several Press thefight.

medios:
inducit:
lit.

here, exert (pne^s who occupy the

times below, the pres. infin.

re-

indued,

3,

-duxi,

places a third person of the perf. or imperf. indie.

2.
ill!
:

-ductus,

atque

i.e.
:

their
i.e.

opponents.

ciples.

(against}. connecting the two partialios alibi: some in one

;

lead

baud timide

adv., with fear}.

boldly (timide, certatur: i.e.

place, some in another in aliam, p. 80, 1. 5.

10.

cf.

alii

dimicatur (certo,
3.

-avi, -atum est) .

utrimque
lateribus

adv., on either
cf. latera, p.

prima:

the front

of;

cf.

side.
1.

161,

the use of summum, p. 104, 1. 4. 4. laborantibus part. (sc. els),

:

and (for the form of phrase) omnibus ex partibus, etc. adgre8,

those
i.e.

succurrere pressed. auxilio venire (succurr5, 3,

:

hard

ditur:

i.e.

-gressus

sum)

adoritur (adgredior, 3, Petreius first broke

.

-curri,

-cursum est)

pro

freely,

saucils : i.e. to replace. ratis (saucius, -a, -um).

G. 4,
i.e.

vulne-

ferire:
,

i.e.

percutere (ferio,

).

exsequebatur
1.

through the center, and then to the right and left made a flank attack upon the remnants of the enemy's line. 11. Manlius et Faesulanus: Manlius and the citizen of Faesulae (a town of Etruria), Catiline's in primls chief lieutenants. i.e.
:

praestabat (exsequor, 3,-secutus

;

sum)
7.

cf. p.
:

129,

9.

contra
:

ac

phrase =
8.

adv., lit. differently. The whole than, lit. as. praeter spem, p. 161, 1. 10.

in the front rank. 12. fusas fundo, 3, fudi, fusus,

:

scatter.

paucis

i.e.

(but}

tendere:

tendo, 3, tetendi,

handful.

178
relictum videt,
tatis,

FIRST LATIN

READER

in

generis atque prlstinae suae digniconfertissimos hostis incurrit, ibique pugnans

memor

confoditur.

ON THE EASTERN FRONTIER

(Cicero,

Ad Familidres, XV,
137

4)

LESSON
About ten years
Cicero,

and

after the suppression of the conspiracy of Catiline, against his inclination, was appointed governor of Cilicia neighboring districts. Below are given extracts from a letter which

much

he wrote from the east

to a friend at

Rome,

telling

some of

his ex-

periences as a provincial officer.

Cum in provinciam pr. K. Sext. venissem, et propter anni tempus ad exercitum mihi conf estim esse eundum viderem, biduum Laodiceae fui, deinde Apameae quadriduum, trlduum Synnadls, totidem dies Philomelil. Quibus
in oppidls

cum magni conventus

tributls
. .

fuissent, multas civitates

acerbissimis
1.

et

gravissimls
6.

usurls

et fals5
cf.

aere
158,

generis.

dignitatis: for

biduum:

bidui,

p.

was an ancient and noble family, and he had himself held

his

1.4.

Laodiceae: see the western

end of the map on p. 179.

stopped.
:

fui:/

high
2.

offices.

hostis

i.e.
:

the government
incurro, 3, -curri,

forces.

incurrit
:

-cursum est
4.

plunge (in among}.

etc.
:

7. Synnadis pi. city names have the same form for loc. and totidem indeclinable adj., abl.
:

cum,

translate
pr. K. Sext.

by a
:

the
melii
8.

same
:

number
cf.
:

of.

Philo-

partic. clause.

i.e.

for case,

domi.
conventus, -us, fuissent:

pridie Kalendas Sextflis, the

day
M.,

conventus
circuit

beforethe first of August (Sextilis, -is, -e), namely, July 29, as the calendar was then arranged.
5.

court.

freely,
9.

had

been held.
:

cdnfestim

for the

winter

wouldnowsoon come on (cf. p. 123, 1. i eundum: not eundem. ff.).

tributls, etc. for syntax, cf. aere alieno, p. 174, 1. 12. usurls usura, -ae, p., rate of interest.
:

acerbissimis

FIRST LATIN

READER

179

i8o
alieno HberavT.

FIRST LATIN READER

Cumque

ante adventum

meum

seditione

quadam exercitus esset dissipatus, quinque cohortes sine legato, sine tribune militum, denique etiam sine centurione
ullo
5

apud
in

Philomelium

consedissent,

esset

Lycaonia, M. Anneio legato imperavl,

reliquus exercitus ut eas

j quinque cohortes ad reliquum exercitum duceret, coacin toque in unum locum exercitu, castra Lycaonia apud Iconium faceret. Quod cum ab illo dlligenter esset factum, ego in castra a. d. vii K. Sept. veni, cum interea superioicribus diebus ex senatus consulto et evocatorum flrmam

equitatum sane idoneum et populorum liberorum regumque sociorum auxilia voluntaria comparavissem.
et

manum

LESSON
A War
Interim,

138

Scare

cum

exercitu lustrato iter in Ciliciam facere

coepissem,
1.

K. Sept. legatl a rege

:

Commageno
-I,

ad

me

cumque

and

inasmuch
-5nis, F.,

10.

ex: in accordance with.

N., decree,
.

as

seditione: seditid,
2.

consulto: consultum,
et
.
. .

mutiny.

et

et

both
:

and

quadam
:

a sort

of.

esset

and.
sane
.

evocatorum

evocatus,

dissipatus

Supply
4. 8. 9.

dissipo, i, disrupt. et after this verb, and after

1.

-i,

M., reenlisted

man.
Hbero-

"
rum
:

adv., quite.

consedissent,

4.

liber, -era,

-erum, independent,
genitives

apud: quod
:

i.e.

ad; so also in 1.7.

:

relative.
i.e.

" rendered freely " supplied by

or free.

The

may be
;

cf.

a.d. vii K. Sept.

ante

diem

septimum

Kalendas

Sep-

seventh (we would say, stith) day before the first of September, namely, August 24, as the calendar was then arranged. cum, etc. translate by a partic.
tembres, the
:

Gallorum, p. 159, 1. 11. 12. sociorum as adj., allied. voluntaria: voluntarius, -a, -urn,
:

volunteer.

comparavissem

com-

paro, \,get together. 13- lustrato: lustro,

14:

phrase.
ceding.

superioribus

the

pre-

i, review. K. Sept. i.e. Kalendis Septembribus (abl. of time when).

Commagen5: an

adj.

FIRST LATIN READER

missi,

181

tumultuose neque tamen non vere Parthos in Syriam quo audito, vehementer sum commotus cum de Syria turn de mea provincia, de reliqua
transTsse nuntiaverunt
;

denique Asia.
5

Itaque in Cappadocia extrema non longe a Tauro apud

oppidum Cybistra castra feel, ut et Ciliciam tuerer et Cappadociam tenens nova fmitimorum consilia impedlrem. Interea cognovl multorum litteris atque nuntils magnas Parthorum copias et Arabum ad oppidum Antiocheam
10

accessisse,

magnumque eorum

translsset, ab equitum meorum turmis

toria,

equitatum, qul in Ciliciam et a cohorte prae-

15

quae erat Epiphaneae praesidii causa, occidione occiQuare, cum viderem a Cappadocia Parthorum copias aversas, non longe a fmibus esse Ciliciae, quam potui maximis itineribus, ad Amanum exercitum duxl. Qu5 ut veni,
sum.

i.

missi:
:

not

mlsi.

tuose

adv., in great alarm.

freely,

tumulnon

vere

without foundation in

fact (vere, adv., lit. triithfully}. Parthos two years before, the Ro:

while occupying. 7. tenens Cicero anticipated that the Parthian invaders would take this more northern route. nova
:

consilia

cf. res
:

mans had
at the
3.
. .
.

suffered crushing defeat

this warlike people.
.

hands of

"

fmitimorum on the part of."

10.

novas, p. 28, 1. 10. translate the gen.

cum

turn:

not

only

eorum: of theirs.
turmis:
cf.

but also.

to.

mea
4.
5.

with reference note the position of the

de
:

11.

p.

161,

1.

7.

The

forces here

mentioned Cicero
(cf.

word.
Asia: as on p. 169, 1. 6. Cappadocia see the map on
:

had sent south at a venture the note on 1. 7).

12.

occidione

occlsum:

had

p.

179.

extrema:

extremus,

-a,

-um,
(cf.

lit. farthest] translate freely the rendering of primus, sum-

been annihilated (occldio, -onis, p., utter destruction}.

14. quam potui the longest possible ;

maximis
cf.

i.e.

mus,
6.

etc.)

apud
:

as

on p.

i8o,l. 4.

the note on

Cybistra
;

oppidum
genitive.
protect.

in apposition with render, however, as if a tuerer: tueor, 2, ,

p. 142, 1.5.
15 Amanum a mountain range near the eastern border of Cilicia.
.

ut

i.e.

ubi.

182

FIRST LATIN READER

hostem ab Antiochea recessisse, Bibulum Antiocheae esse Deiotarum confestim iam ad me venientem cum cognovl. magno et firmo equitatu et peditatu et cum omnibus suis copils certiorem feel non videri esse causam, cur abesset a regno, meque ad eum, si quid novi forte accidisset, statim litteras nuntiosque missurum esse.

LESSON
Mountain Brigands claim

139

the Governor s Attention

si ita

Cumque

eo animo venissem, ut utrlque provinciae,

tempus ferret, subvenlrem, turn id, quod iam ante statueram vehementer interesse utrlusque provinciae, pacare loAmanum et perpetuum hostem ex eo monte tollere, agere perrexi. Cumque me discedere ab eo monte simulassem
1
.

ab

from

the neighborhood

of (the town name without the " from " prep, would mean rather cf. the note on p. 79, 1. 21).
;

5. me subject of a new main clause in the indirect discourse.

:

si

quid

if anything.
forte
:

novi
cf.

as

(neut.) noun.

the note

recessisse
est,

recede, 3, -cessi, -cessum

on

p. 85,
7.

1.

12.
:

fall

back,

Bibulum

the

cum

causal.

animo pur: :

Syria. ply -que with this clause.

2.

(Roman) governor of

Sup-

pose.

utrlque provinciae

i.e.

Cili:

Deiotarum: a friendly native

king,

whose

offer of aid

Cicero had

been glad to accept. ad: i.e. to venientem: translate by a join.

relative clause.
3.

ciaand Syria. ita tempus ferret i.e. freely, should have opportunity. 8. subvenlrem i.e. auxilio essem (subvenio, 4, -veni, -ventum turn id ... agere now. est)
: .

perrexi
.
. .

(1.

n) 7proceeded to carry
:

et

et

et

the

first

out a project (per go,

3,

perrexi,

of these conjunctions connects the two adjs. the remaining two may be rendered and and in fact.
;

perrectum
9.

est,

proceed}.
:

interesse

interest,

-esse,

-fuit,

suiscopiis: his following. 4. non videri esse causam, cur

there did not seem to be (any} occasion for him to absent himself; lit. what?

with gen., be to the interest pacare namely, (the proj(of}. ect of} reducing to order.
:

abesset

10.

perpetuum hostem namely,

:

some troublesome robber hordes.

11.

-que

translate as

if

itaque.

FIRST LATIN
et alias partis Ciliciae petere,

READER
abessemque ab

'83

Amano
a. d.

iter
iiii

unlus die! et castra apud Epiphaneam fecissem,

Id. Oct.,

cum
;

advesperasceret, expedite exercitu

iii

ita

noctu

iter feel, ut a. d.
5

Id. Oct.,

cum

luclsceret, in

Amanum

ascenderem

Qumtus

distributisque cohortibus et auxiliis (cum alils frater legatus mecum simul, aliis C. Pomptmus

legatus, reliquls

M. Anneius

et

L. Tullius legati praees:

sent), plerosque necoplnantls

oppressimus

qui occlsl capfuit

tlque
10

sunt,

interclusl fuga.

Eranam autem (quae

non

vlcl Instar

sed urbis, quod erat

Amam

caput) itemque

Sepyram et Commorim, acriter et diu repugnantibus, Pomptmo illam partem Amani tenente ex antelucano tempore usque ad horam diel X, magna multitudine hostium occisa,
cepimus, castellaque vl capta complura incendimus.
2.

His

Epiphaneam: see the map

a. d. iiii Id. Oct.
:

8.

on

p. 179.

i.e.

9.

sc. hostes. plerosque: " or." -que we would say

:

ante diem quartum Tdus Octobres, on Ihefourth (we would say,M/'r^)

day before the Ides of October,

namely, Oct. 12.
3.

intercludo, 3, -clusi, -clusus, cut fuga: transoff. late the abl. "from." Eranam:

interclusi:

expedite:
use,
a. d.

as adj.;
177,
1.

cf.

the
ita:

(along with the town names of n), object of cepimus, 1. 14.

10.

1.

noun
i.e.

p.
iii

3.

instar:Mi
:

size

(of)\

cf.

at such speed.
4.

Id. Oct.
1.

(cf.

the note

on
,

2).
,

Oct. 13 luclsceret
: :

quod (and} which ; p. 32, 1. 5. for the gender, cf. quod, p. 30, 1. 6.
item: adv., likewise. 11. repugnantibus i.e. resistertibus (repugno, i) abl. absol. with
: ;

luclscit, 3,
5.
-ui,

grow

light.
3,

distribute

distribuo,
aliis
:

-utus, divide up, or

division of.
frater
. .

cum
.

make a Qumtus

iis

(i.e.

incolis)

supplied.

The
abl.

two following clauses also are

absolutes.
12.

praeessent
.

Qitintus

being
(cf.

my brother in command
.
.

tenente

i.e.

keeping
-a,

to.

of some,
6.

etc.

alii

alii,

antelucano:

antelucanus,
i.e.

-um,

p. 20,1. 15).

Preceding dawn.
13.

legatus: lieutenant', (as) Quintus' similar relation to simul Caesar in the Gallic war.
cf.
:

X:
cf.

decimam, ordinal
having
:

and
sign
;

cardinal
vi capta

the

same

the dates above.

i.e.

with mecum.

14.

expugnata.

84

FIRST LATIN READER

ita gestis, castra in radicibus Amani habuimus apud Aras Alexandrl quadrlduum, et in reliquiis Amani delendls agrisque vastandis, quae pars eius mentis meae provinciae est, id tempus omne consumpsimus.

rebus

LESSON

140

Completion of the Destruction of their Strongholds

5

Confectis his rebus, ad oppidum Eleutherocilicum Pindenissum exercitum adduxl. Quod cum esset altissimo et munltissimo loco, ab ilsque incoleretur, qul ne regibus qui-

dem umquam

paruissent,

cum

et fugitives reciperent, et

Parthorum adventum acerrime exspectarent, ad exlstimalotionem imperl pertinere arbitratus sum comprimere e5rum audaciam, quo facilius etiam ceterorum animi, qul alienl essent ab imperio nostro, frangerentur.
Vallo et fossa circumdedi, sex castellls castrisque maxi-

mis saepsi, aggere,

1
.

vlniis,

turribus oppugnavl, ususque torfor

radicibus

foothills
i.e.

(radix,

the position of
p.
:

-que,
1.

cf.

ob

-icis, p., lit.

roof).
:

eamque causam,
the

2.

reliquiis

remain36,

regibus
8.

129, namely, of their

5.

own.
fugi-

ing landmarks
1.

',

cf. reliquias, p.

cum: {and)
fugitlvus,
-I,

since.

15.
3.

tivos:

M.,

runaway
existima-

vastandis:
in

vasto,

I,

lay
:

slave.
9.

waste.
i.e.

quae pars eius mentis ea mentis parte, quae.

est:

existimationem
prestige.

tio, -5nis, p.,

meae provinciae
(lit.

belongs to

10.

imperl: (our) government.

is

5.

of) my province. Pindenissum in apposition

:

comprimere:
-pressl, -pressus,

comprimo,

3,

put a
.

stop to.
in
/'//
. .

with oppidum. of this town

6.
is

The exact location not known.

since this

n. quo: note the compar.

the
clause.
alienl

ab

quod cum esset:

(located}.

was
7.

munltissimo
"strongly."

transl. the suils

.

disposed toward ; cf. p. 148,!. 17.' 12. imperio: rule. sc. oppidum. 13. circumdedi
:

perl,

qul:

14.

saepsi:

saepio,

4,

saepsi,

with subjunctive, such (people) as;

saeptus, surround.

aggere: ag-

FIRST LATIN
mentis multls, multis
ulla molestia

READER
magno

185 Iab5re meo, sine

sagittarils,

sumptuve sociorum, septimo qulnquagesimo die rem confecl, ut omnibus partibus urbis disturbatls aut
incensls,
5

compulsl in potestatem His erant finitiml pan scelere

meam
et
;

pervenirent.

audacia Tebarani.

Ab

exercitum in hiberna iis, Pindenisso capto, obsides accepl dlmlsl Quintum fratrem negotio praeposui, ut in vlcis aut
;

captis aut
ger, -eris, M.,

male pacatls exercitus collocaretur.

moimd
(of earth or
:

clause.

disturbatis:

disturbs,

i,

other material).
-ae,
F.,

vlniis

vlnia,
:

wreck.
4.

penthouse.
-I,

tormentis
catapult.
p. 29.

compulsi
his:

tormentum,
the ballista
1
.

N.,

Cf.

spair^, forced (to it)

5.

in defreely, sc. hostes.

shown on
:

the
:

people just sub-

sagittarils

Sagittarius,
:

-I,

dued.
equal.
guilt,
lit.

M.,

bowman.
2.

meo

on

my
:

part.
F.,

pari par, paris, adj., scelere: scelus, -eris, N.,

molestia:

molestia, -ae,

crime;

the whole abl.

inconvenience.

sumptu

sump-

phrase
barani
7.
:

sociorum: tus, -us, M., expense. to (lit. of) the friendly natives

expresses quality. subject of erant.

Teex-

negotio

...

ut

...

(from

whom

Roman

governor

ercitus

collocaretur:

freely,

the

usually felt at liberty to extort any service he desired). 3. ut introducing a result

:

business of quartering the

lit.

army ;
trans-

what by a

aut captis,

etc.

late

relative clause.

WORD

LIST

The following list shows the new words introduced into each successive reading lesson. Aside from numerals, words found in but one lesson are treated in the notes on that lesson, and do not appear here. For proper
names, the general vocabulary should be consulted.

The
more

designation (*) indicates that the

italics

word

so

marked occurs

in four or

lessons.

English words in

are derived from, or otherwise related to, the Latin

to

words opposite
recall

which they stand. They may be found useful in helping the meaning of the Latin words as given in the general vocabulary. 1
to

Many

this prefix

Latin words are formed with the help of a prefix. Though the force of does not stand out clearly in every case, it is worth while to become

familiar with the general

a-,

meanings of the following:

ab:

away,

aside, off.
at.

ad-

to, into,
:

near, by,

Circum-

around.

con-: with, together (con- being a form of cum). Often denotes completion (e.g. conficio [facio]), or energy of action (e.g. contendo).
de:

dis-:
e-,

from, down. from, away, separately.

ex-: forth, out, from, up. Often denotes success (e.g. expugno), or energy of action {e.g. excipio [capio]).
:

inin-

upon, on, in,

not, or un-.

inter-: between.

Ob-: before, against.

per-

through, across.
:

Often intensive, very, exceedingly.

prae-

before, in advance, over.

praeter-: by, past.

pro-: before, forth, forward, out, fore-.
re-: back, again.

sub-

under.
:

trans-

across, over.

of the above prefixes take different forms according to the first letter of the word with which they are combined. The following alternative forms should in particular be noted a-, ab- (abs-) ad- (ac-, af-, al-, ap-, ar-, as-, a[s]-, at-)
:
;

Some

con-

(col-,

com-, co-)
;

dis- (dif-, di-)

;

e-,
;

inter- (intel-)

ob- (oc-, op-)

re- (red-)

ex- (ec-, ef-, e[x]-) in- (ig-, il-, im-) sub- (sus-, su[s]-) trans- (tra-).
; ;

In some words united with these prefixes a vowel is regularly altered, e.g. a or e becomes i as -field (for facio) and -tineo (for teneo). ae becomes i as -cido (for caedo cf. caedes) and -iquus (for aequus in iniquus)
:
; :

186

WORD
I
|

LIST

i8 7

neque, nee*

i88
pulcher*

WORD

LIST

WORD
hostis,* hostile

LIST

189

WORD
convenio,* convene
excipiS*

LIST
bene,*
fone-fit
cf.

loquor,* loqu-s.c\\y

maestus*
-ne

dimittS,*

mittS

hiemS*
magister, magistrate
negotior, negotiate

numerus,* numeral
prSponS, propose

gravis,* grave
polliceor*
religiS* securis*

(posterus)*
sceleratiis

proximus,* proximi-iy
rideo, r*W/-culous

sub,*

sumS,* re-sume
tacitus,* tacit

venenum, venom
verS,* veri-\y

13
ago,* a^-itate

tu*

verbum,*
/*-cipate

verb-2\

17
admoveS*
animadverts*
ardens, ardent

ante* (adv.),

virtus,*

cf.

vir

apud*
clamor,* clamor
cSnstituS,* constitution
CurrS,* \n-cursion

vSx,* voc-al

15
alter,* alter-ztion

audeS,* aud-a.cious
bos, bov-ine

deus,* dei-ty

ambS,* ambi-SMOMS
arbitror,* arbitra-iion

castellum,*
conatus,
cf.

castle

emigre erumpo,* eruption

gratia,* grace interdiu

cSnor

caedes,* sui-V<?
cSgitS,* cogitate

defends*
depSnS, depose
desists*

legatus,* fa-legate
liberi*

comes,* con-^wwY-ant concilium*

contumelia,* contumely COnvocS,* convocation
crudelis
curS,*

extinguS hSra*

mo rbus,* cholera
nox,* equi-0.#
reliquus,*
cf.

morbus

moneS, moni-tor
oppugns,* (ob+pugnS)
prSdS*
salus,*

relinquS

mam-cure

saxum*
tutus, //<?-lage

facile,* facility

incendS,* incend-io.ry
inimicus,* inimic-a\
ostendS,* w/<?w-tation

tantum,*
tectum, ^ro-tect
Villa,* village

undique*
vulnerS,* vulnerable

recusS*

VOCS,* \i\-voke

14
acerbus, acerbity

sica*

signum*
simul,* jtV/-taneously
acies*

18
adiuvo,* co-adju-ior

ambulo,* ^r-ambulate
asper,* asperity

umquam*
vinco,* con-vince

aut*
cadS,* fa-cadence

adsum*
aedes,* edi-nce
ager,* ^grz-culture

vulnus,*

cf.

vulnerS

commoveS,* commotion

desum
hiems,*
cf.

16
hiemo
afficiS*

inquam*

amplector (com~)plexus

auxilium,* auxili-&cy caelum,* r<?/-estial fenestra

WORD
tuga,*
cf.

LIST

191

fugio

1 92

WORD

LIST

WORD
veteran!,
cf.

LIST

193

vetus

194
priusquam,*
cf.

WORD
prius

LIST

WORD
magicus

LIST

195

ig6
73

WORD

LIST

WORD
peregrmus

LIST

197

198
112

WORD

LIST

LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
ticular

(Numbers in parentheses following a meaning is lound.)

definition indicate the

Lesson

in

which that par-

a, ab, prep,

with

abl.,\>y, at

the hands

from the vicinity of ; from among (106); of, from (72, 81, See also alienus, pars, petd, 1 29)
of: from;
.

acies, -ei,/T, line of battle, battle line, battle array, line, ranks; regular en-

gagement
the
field;

(36, 40).

ex acie, from
acie, in the

in

prima

repeto, and tergum.

forefront of the fight.

est,

abeo,

-ire,

-ii,

-itum

go

away,

acriter, adv., fiercely, furiously;

ergetically, vigorously;

en-

go, depart, leave.

with

spirit,

abhinc, adv., ago.

abicio, 3, -ieci, -iectus,

with

vigor;

relentlessly

(41);

throw

aside,

eagerly, with eagerness (140).

throw

overboard;

throw

(56);

shoot (113).
abripio,
3, -ripui,

ad, prep, with ace., to, for; toward, to the neighborhood of, before (52) ;
against, upon, on; at, on, near, in the neighborhood of, before until,
:

-reptus, tear away,

cut

carry away;

pull up, tear up.

off.

abscido,

3, -cidi, -cisus,

absconditus, hidden.

-a,

-um, partic. as
be away, be

adj.,

up to. Often used with the gerundive or gerund to express purpose. See also accedo, appello (-ere),
till,

absum,

-esse, afui,

dis-

eo

(verb),

perfugio,
species,

pertined,

tant (remote), be absent. ac, see atque.

pervenio,

unus,

and

usque.

accede,

3, -cessi, -cessum est, approach, draw near; come, advance (138) ; with ad and ace., approach

ad ... versus, toward, in the direction of, for. With ace. of town
name, shortened to versus
addo,
3,
(
1

30)

(115).

Used

impersonally,

be

-didi,

-ditus,

add;

make

added (106). accido, 3, -cidi, befall, happen, turn

out, develop.

mention
adduce,
3,

in addition.

-duxi, -ductus,

lead on,

accipio,

3,

-cepi,

-ceptus,
;

receive,

bring on, bring; rouse (135).

influence

(119),

greet ;

learn

(80)

sustain, suffer

(loss, indignity, etc.).

adeo, adv., to such a degree, so. adeo, -ire, -ii, -itus, visit, touch at

acer, -cris, -ere, fierce, spirited, energetic, vigorous;

(70); meet (135);

into (37).

run

into,

fall

sharp, shrill, pierc-

ing, penetrating.

adferS,
bitter;

-ferre, -tuli,

-latus,

bring,

acerbus,

-a,

-um, harsh,

gall-

transport, bear; carry, take, deliver

(letter)
:

ing 037)> outrageous (57).

with

dat., inspire (in)

(36).

199

200
Pass.,

FIRST LATIN
come;
to,
3,

READER

with ad

and

ace.,

come
stick;

reach (63, 76, 90).

-haesi,

adhaeresco,

-haesum
still,

est,

As -gra, -grum, sick, ill. noun, aegri, -orum, ;., the sick. aegre, adv., with difficulty.
aeger,

ground (of a boat). adhuc, adv., up to this time,

hitherto.

aequus,
yet,

-a,

good

(I2l)

-um, favorable, suitable, of mental states,

:

pleasant,
-iuvi,

resigned,

undaunted,
pleas-

adiuvo,
assist,

i,

-iutus,

help,

aid,

composed,
ant.

baud aequus, no
.)

support.

admiror, i, view with admiration, be filled with admiration for.

aes (aeris,
aetas,

alienum

(-1), debt.

aestas, -atis, /, summer.

-atis,

admoned,
mind.

2,

-monui, -monitus,

re-

/,

lifetime,

life;

age,

_ period (74).
Afer, -fra, -frum, negro. As noun, Afri, -orum, m., the Africans.
afficid, 3, -fed, -fectus, attack
;

admoveo,

2, -movi, -mdtus, move up (84); ignes (-em) admovere, with

dat., set (apply) fire (to). adorior, 4, -ortus sum, attack, assail;

treat,
filled

overwhelm (26).

Pass.,

be

make an
adsequor,
3,

assault (86).

(84).

-secutus sum, catch up with, overtake. adsto, i, -stiti, stand by, be in attendance.

Africa, -ae,/, Africa.

Af ricanus,

-a, -um, African, of Africa. ager, -gri, m., field ; country (45)
;

territory (75).

adsum,

-esse, -fui, be present, be (close) at hand, be in attendance;

field

agmen,

-inis,

.,

(marching) column,

(marching)

line,

primum agmen,
agmen,
off (43,
;

be on the
(100,

131);

(128); be come be there (113); be

;

vanguard
ago,
3, egl,

novissimum

rear guard.

upon (one) (99) be back (again) (22); come up (124).

Aduatuci, -5rum, m., the name of a people of northern Gaul.
adulescens, -entis, adj., young. masc. noun, (a) youth.

actus, drive, drive

treat,

117);

do;

make

overtures

carry out (project), keep (watch),

As

pass (time), give, render (thanks), wear out (life), inter se agere,
talk to
live.

one another

vitam agere,
planter,

advena,

-ae,

c.,

stranger,

newcomer.

adventus,

-us, m.,
;

coming (HO).
adversus,
trary.

presence

approach, arrival, inroad (63)

;

agricola,
rustic.

-ae,

m.,

farmer,

-vm,partic. as adj., conSee also flumen.

-a,
3,

Alexander, -dri, m., the name of (i) an Indian chief, brother of

King
don.

Philip

(2) a king of

Mace-

advesperascit,

-vesperavit

(im-

personal verb], grow dark, begin to

grow dark.
aedes, -is,/;
aedifico,
i,

alibi, adv., elsewhere, in other places, in other quarters, at other points.

pi.,

house, home.

See also alius.

alienus, -a, -um, another's, of another

build, build up.

FIRST LATIN READER

201

With ab Americanus, -a, -um, American, of 033)> inclined away. America. As noun, Americanus, and abl., unfriendly (to), averse
(to);

with gen., unfriendly (to).

adv., for

See also aes.

-i, m., (an) Americans.

American

//.,

the

aliquamdiu,
time
;

some

time, for a

for a considerable period (74. )

(all-

amiciti, -ae,/, friendship, confidence. amicus, -a, -um, friendly. As noun,

amicus,
amitto,
-i,

aliqui (aliquis),aliqua,aliquod

m., friend

//.,

Amici,

quid), adj., some, any

noun, some

-5rum, m., the Friends.

3,

one, any one, something, anything.

PI., any.

-misi, -missus, lose.

;

amo,
aliud,
other,
el?e,

i,

love, like, fancy, cherish

be

alius,

alia,

another.
other,

-in

love with (48).

Pass.,

be be-

As noun, some one

another (120)
//.,
;

some

anything else (91);

alius
of
. .

loved (63). Partic., amans, -antis, with gen., loyal (to).

3,

others

(86).

super amplector,
;

-plexus sum, embrace,

alium,
alii
. . .

one on top
alii,

another

accept.

amplius, adv., compar., further, more. one place, ancora, -ae, f., anchor. some in another (136); alii in angustus, -a, -um, narrow. some animadverto, 3, -verti, -versus, noaliam, some into one
.

139)

alii alibi,

some some

others (17,

in

into another

(67)

neque

alius,

tice,

note, perceive, observe, catch

;

and no other (45).

Allobroges, -um, m., the
people of southeast Gaul.
alter, -era, -erum, the other, a second,

sight of, witness, see

discover, find

name of a

out.

animus,
heart
;

-I,

m.,

mind,

spirit,

soul,
spirit
:

manner,

fashion,

another, one (of two)

other,

As noun, the

frame of mind; purpose;

courage

one (of two), the one (of

//.,
.

two)
alter

the other party (120). alter, the one ... the

PL, (56, 120), confidence (135). courage, feeling (119), insubordinate spirit (140). See also demitto

other.

and habeo.
tall,

altus, -a, -um,

high, lofty, ele-

Anneius,

-ei,

m., (Marcus) Anneius,

vated

deep (85).
n.,

As noun,

al-

lieutenant to Marcus Cicero.

-i,

tum,

-i,

the

deep (sea), the annus,

m., year.

ocean (12).

ante, adv., before, earlier, previously.

Amanus,

-i,

m., the

name

of a

mounof a

See also

iam and
of.

paulo.
before; in front

tain range of eastern Cilicia.

ante, prep, with

of,

ace.,

Ambiorlx,

-igis,

m., the

name

ahead

Gallic chieftain.

antea, adv., before, previously.

ambo,

(declined as duo, except for the 6), both. ambulo, i, -avl, -a turn est, walk,
-ae, -6
stroll;

antequam,
Syria.

conj., before.

Antiochea, -ae,/, Antioch, a

antiquitus,
adv.,
in

city of

roam (65); crawl

-ae,

(50).

ancient

times,

America,

/, America.

in early times.

202
Antistius,
-ti,

FIRST LATIN READER

m.,

the

name

of a

arma, -orum,
armatus,
-a,

Roman

physician.

Antonius, -ni, m., Anthony (Wayne), an officer in the Revolutionary War.

arms, weapons, -um, parfie. as adj. t armed, in arms, arms in hand (20) ; arms and all (88). PL, as noun,
n.,

Apamea,

-ae,

/, the name of a

city of

armati,
Arnoldius,

-orum,

m.,

armed

men,

Asia Minor.
aperio, 4, aperui, apertus, disclose; Partic. as adj., aperexplain (2).
tus, -a,

warriors, braves.
-di, m.,

an

officer in the

(Benedict) Arnold, Revolutionary War.

appello,

i,

-um, open, unprotected. Arpineius, -el, m., (Gaius) Arpineius, a Roman soldier (102). call, name, address by
upon,
call

name;

call

(122). Pass.,

arripio, 3, -ripui, -reptus, catch up,

seize;

be known

as.

rescue (106).

appello, 3, -pull, -pulsus, bring, steer, row. ad litus appellere, beach,

ars, artis,/, business, profession, ars

magica, black
ascendo,
3,

art,

magic,
-with in

run aground upon the shore. appeto, 3, -petivi or -petii, -petitus,

attack,

ascendi, ascensus, ascend,

clamber up, scale;

and ace.,

aim a thrust
3,

at.

make

the ascent of (139).

appdno,

-posui, -positus, set on,

asclsco, 3, ascivi, ascitus, win over;

adopt (67). appropinquo, i, -avi, -atum est, ap- Asia, -ae,/, (i) Asia; (2) Asia Minor (132, 138). proach, draw near; be close at hand
(47).

bring on, serve (food).

Asiaticus,
ace.,

-a,

-um,

Asiatic, of Asia.

apud, prep, with

among,

in the

country of, with; near, at; at (in) the house of; in the presence of. aqua, -ae, /, water.

-erum, rough; severe (101); troublesome (135). assensus, -us, m., approval. at, conj., but, whereas, still, however.
asper,
-era,

Arabes, -um, m., the Arabs.

Atlanticus,

-a,

-um, Atlantic.

Arae (-arum,/) Alexandri, the name atque, ac, conj., and. See also simul. of an ancient camp site in Cilicia (lit. Atrebates, -um, m., the name of a
the Altars of Alexander).
arbitror,
i,

people of northern Gaul.

Attius,
rus),
-ti,

think, believe, judge.

m., (Publius) Attius (Va-

arbor, -oris, /, tree.

arceo,
2, -ui,

one of Pompey's generals.

influence, dignity,

keep
off.

out,

ward

off,

keep auctoritas, -atis,/,

impressiveness.

back, keep
arcesso,
_

3, -ivi, -itus, call in;

call

up audacia,

-ae,

/,

boldness,

daring,

Ardeates, -ium,
miles south of

/.,

the

people of

temerity, hardihood; insubordination, lawlessness (140); (act of)

Ardea (an ancient town about 20

Rome).

ardens, -entiS, partic. as adj., blazing. argenteus, -a, -um, of silver, silver.

daring (88). audacter, adv., boldly, with boldness. audax, -acis, adj., bold, daring, audacious; of daring (99).

argentum,

-i, n., silver,

silver plate.

audeo,

2,

ausus sum, dare, venture.

FIRST LATIN
audio,
4, -fvi, -itus,

READER
-gi,

203
m., (William) Bainofficer.

hear, learn ; listen,

to.

Benbrigius,
bridge, an

listen to,

heed, give ear

American naval

augeo,

2,

auxi, auctus ; pass., increase,

grow (93); grow brighter (126).

auris, -is,/, ear.

bene, adv., well, successfully, satisfacSee also gero, habeo, and torily.
polliceor.

aurum,
ausus,

-i, n.,

gold.

beneficium,

-ci,

.,

act of kindness,

-a,

-um, see audeo.

kindness, favor.

aut, conj., or; sometimes represented Bibulus, -i, m., (Marcus) Bibulus, a in English by " and." aut aut, (Roman) governor of Syria.
.

either ... or.

biduum,

-i,

n.,

two days.
district

autem,

conj.,

however, but, whereas;

aid, help, assistance,
relief,

moreover, and.

Bithynia, -ae,/, the name of a of Asia Minor.

bonus,
-a,

auxilium,

-li,

.,

-um, good. As noun, bona,

.,

reinforcement,
force
allies,

protection.

-orum,
bos,

goods, possessions,
c.

be-

PL, auxiliary forces, supplementary

(detachments), allied force, assistants, reinforcements, auxilid esse, -with a second

longings, things.

bovis,

(dat.
;

and

abl.

pi.,

bobus or bubus)

//., cattle.

help,

Bosto, -onis, m., Boston.

dat., (freely} help, benefit, support,

protect, rescue.

See also fero and

Braddoc, -ocis, m., (Edward) Braddock, an English commander in the

venio.
avaritia, -ae, /, greed, covetousness. averto, 3, -verti, -versus; pass., turn
Cone's self) aside.
Partic. as adj.,

French and Indian War.

brevi, adv., shortly, (with) in a short time,
long,

soon,

in

quickly;

a moment, before soon afterward

aversus,

-a,

-um, turned away (131).

(67).

avis, -is,/, bird.

Britanni, -orum, m., the English, the

British,

Englishmen.
Britain

baca, -ae, /, berry.

Britannia, -ae, /, England;

Bagrada,

-ae, m., the

name

of a river

of northern Africa.
ballista, -ae,

(101). land.

Britannia Nova,

New Eng-

//

pi,

artillery.

Balventius,
a

-ti,

m., (Titus) Balventius,

Britannicus, -a, -um, English, British, See also vir. of the English.

Roman

standard bearer (106).

-a,

barbarus,

-um,

barbarian.

As

Brutus, -I, m., (i) Marcus Brutus, one of the murderers of Julius Cae(2) Decimus Brutus, husband of Sempronia (135). Byzantium, -ti, n., the ancient name

no^ln^ barbari, -drum, m., savages. Batavi, -orum, m., the Dutch.

sar;

Beco, -onis, m., (Nathaniel) .Bacon, a hero of colonial times.

Bellovaci, -orum, m., the name of a people of northern Gaul,

of Constantinople. abbreviation

C.,

of Caius,
(i)

-ai,

m.

bellum,
(116).

-i,

n.,

war, warfare; fighting

(Gaius).

See also gero.

Cabot,

-Otis,

m.,

John Cabot,

204

FIRST LATIN READER

a British
officer in

plorers, father

(2) Sebastian Cabot ; two early exand son.

3,

the Revolutionary

War.
caro, carnis,/, meat, flesh.

cado,

cecidi,

fall

turn out,

fall

out (14).

Carolaena, -ae,/, Carolina.

carnage, mas-

caedes,
sacre,

-is,/., slaughter,

carpo,
pluck.
carrus,

3,

carpsi,

carptus,

gather,

murder.

caelum,

-1, n., (the open) sky, heaven; (the open) air; climate.

-I,

m.,

carus,

-a,

wagon, cart. -um, beloved,

hut,

precious,

Caesar, -aris, m., (i) Gaius Julius Caesar, the conqueror of Gaul; (2) Lucius Caesar, an officer in Pompey's navy (117).
m., sod.
clever.

prized.

casa, -ae, /,
racks.

shack.

PL,

bar-

Casca, -ae, m., the

Caesar.

name

caespes,

-itis,

ers implicated in the

of two brothmurder of Julius

callidus, -a,

-um,

Camillus, -I, m., (Marcus) Camillus, a hero of ancient Rome.

castellum,

-i,

n.,

blockhouse,

fort,

Canada, -ae,/, Canada. Camnius, -ni, m., (Gaius) Caninius

civil

post; stronghold (133, 139). Castor, -oris, m., the name of a

god

(Rebilus), lieutenant to Curio in the war.

-is, c.,

worshiped by the Romans. castra, -orum, n., (entrenched) camp,

fortress, fortified post,

encampment.

canis,

dog.

cano, 3, cecini, play, sing. cantus, -us, m. t singing,

chant.

See also facio, habeo, and pono. Castra (-orum, .) Cornelia (-orum),
chanting,
the

name

of the
in

site

of a

camp

established
cepi, captus,
;

Africa

by Publius

capio,

3,

catch,

seize,

Cornelius Scipio at the time of the

capture, lake, occupy

take prisoner,

second Punic War.

casus,
(94),
-us,
;;/.,

make

prisoner; secure, get' (13); adopt (plan), follow (course), make for (hills), take up (arms). Pass.,

fall

(86);
134),

accident
calamity

plight
disaster

(84,

be attracted, pedibus captus, lame; vi capere, take by storm.

emergency (105). Abl.asadv.,3iSVi, by chance, as chance would have it.

(97),
(115),
-ae,

Capitolium,
ancient

-li,

.,

the citadel

of Catilma,

m.,

(Lucius Sergius)

the Capitol. Cappadocia, -ae, /, the name of a district of Asia Minor.

Rome,

Catiline, a politician

who conspired to

overthrow the government of Rome.

causa, -ae,/, cause, grounds, excuse, occasion; case (41). Abl. causa,
-with gen.

captivus,
caput,
also

-i,

m., prisoner, captive.

n.,

-itis,

head

capital.

See

dam no.
2, -ui,

career, -eris, m., prison.

careo,

with

abl.,

be without, lack ;

of the gerundive, gerund^ or abstract noun, for the purpose (of), for the business (of), for purposes (of), with the idea (of), with
a view to,
etc.

spare.

ob earn causam,

Carleto, -onis, ;., (Sir Guy) Carleton,

for that reason.

FIRST LATIN
cavus,
-a,

READER
about
-us,

205

-um, hollow.

circiter, adv.,
circuitus,,

cecidi, see cado.

cedo,

3, cessi,

cessum

est,

fall

back.

loco cedere, leave

(one's)

station,

m., circuit, detour; circumference (no). circum, prep, with ace., around, about,
in the neighborhood of (116). circumdo, i, -dedi, -datus, surround,

abandon (one's)
celebro,
I,

position, give way.

celebrate.
-atis,

celeritas,

/, swiftness, speed,

girdle, encircle.

swift action, haste.

celeriter, adv., quickly, swiftly, rapidly,

circumeo, -ire, rounds of.

circumsisto,
3,

-ii,

-itus,

make

the

speedily,

fast

in

haste,

hastily.

-stiti or -steti, rally

SufierI., at top

speed, with great

(gather, crowd) around.

speed, with all speed. cena, -ae,/, dinner,

circumsto,

i, -stiti,

stand about; sursur-

round, encircle.

ceno,

i,

-avi, (-atus), dine, take dinner,

2, -ui,

circumvenio,

4,

-veni, -ventus,

censeo,

(census), express (the)

as

round, encircle,

hem

in,

bring to

opinion, give

(one's) opinion;

bay; flank, turn the flank (of).

citro, adv., see ultrd.

urge (120).
centurio,
-orris,

m., captain, lieutenant,

ff.).

Civis,

-is,

c.,

citizen,
TV.,

fellow-citizen,

sergeant; centurion (103

cepi, see capio.

countryman.
civitas,
-atis,

(one's) country-

men, people, townsmen.

Cercas, -ae, m., (Benjamin) Church, a celebrated Indian fighter.

cerno, 3, (crevl, certus), see, descry,
discern, observe;
certe, adv., at

(gen. pi.

-um

or

-ium),

state, country.

clades, -is,/, disaster.

watch (128).
rate, certainly;

any

as

clam, adv., secretly, stealthily, quietly; unnoticed, unobserved. clamo,

clamor,
i,

a matter of fact (90).

certus, -a, -um, certain, definite; as-

-avi,

-atum

est, cry out,

call out.

sured (135); (a) particular (89). See also cognosco, facio, and fio.
ceteri, -ae, -a, the other, the rest (of).

-oris, m., cry, shout.

clarus, -a,

-um, famous, prominent;

loud (86).
classis,'-is,/, fleet.

As masc. noun,
the other men.

the others, the rest,

claudo,

3,

clausi, clausus, close;

shut

Ceutrones, -um, m., the name of a people of northern Gaul,

cibus,
-I,

up, confine (91). Cn., abbreviation of Cnaeus,

-i,

tn.,

m., food.

(Gnaeus).
( i )

Cicero,

-orris,

m.,

Marcus Tullius coegi, coactus,

-a,

-um, see cogo.

Cicero, consul in 63 B.C.; (2) Quintus Tullius Cicero, brother of the

coepi, coepisse, coeptus, began,

com-

menced
coerced,

proceeded (130).
-ercui, -ercitus,

preceding.
Cilicia, -ae,/, the in Asia Minor.

2,

hold in

name

of a district

check.
Cdgito,
abl.,
I, think, imagine; with de and have (any) thought (of) (51).

Cimber,

-bri, m., see Tillius.

206
cognosce,

FIRST LATIN READER

Commagenus, -a, -um, of Commagene
(a northern district of Syria).

3, cognovi, cognitus, get acquainted with, learn (of)> fathom, find, observe; be informed, hear, gain information; get information
of,

commemoro,
note.
3,

i,

relate, rehearse, state,

gain

(some)
try

conception

of committo,
be-

-misi,

-missus,

join,

(no);
(63,

realize (93, 122); recognize

consign, proelium committere, join

battle,
offer

89):

(case).

Pass.,

begin battle, engage in battle,

fight;

come known, be known, certius C0gn5scere, get more definite information (115).
cogo,
3,

battle,

pass.,

(battle)

take place;
tere, risk

proelio

rem commit-

coegi, coactus, compel, force,

;

oblige, constrain, impel, lead ( 1 26)

collect, gather,

an engagement, bring on an engagement. commodus, -a, -um, easy, expeditious

(130).

bring together,

call

As noun, commodum,
(ace. sing,

-I,

.,

together, call in, get together; concentrate,

well-being.

Conors,

-rtis,

crowd; muster, organize. /, cohort, cohors praerally,

Commoris, -is,/

name
Minor.

of

small town

-im), the of Asia

toria, bodyguard.

cohortor,
exhort,

i,

cheer on;

urge,

commoveo,
stir

2,

inter se cohortari; exhort

(75),

-movi, -motus, move, alarm (138). Partic.,

-a,

one another (127).

collis, -is, #*., hill.

commotus,
excited,

-um,

disturbed,

C0lloc5,

I,

place, put, deposit; station,

upset, startled, alarmed; concerned, stirred up, wrought up;

quarter, settle; establish, build: arrange, place, lay (ambuslocate,

spurred on, moved. Ira commoveri,

become
compello,

angry.
-is, -e,

cade)

mount
stack

(artillery)

pitch

communis,
compleo,
2,

common.
-pulsus, drive, force.
fill, fill

(camp);
colloquium,
view.

(arms),

in

acie

3, -pull,

collocare, form in line.

-I,
.,

-plevi, -pletus,

up;

conference, inter-

swamp
(118).

(4),

choke (122);

supply

colloquor, 3, -locutus sum, converse, talk, have an interview.

colonia, -ae,/., colony.

complures, -es, -a, several, several of, some, (quite) a number of, quite a
few, numerous;
to a considerable

colonus,

-I,

m.
-i,

colonist, settler.

number (139);
(90).

several (in

number)

Columbus,
comes,

(Christopher) Columbus, the discoverer of America.

t

m.

COmportO,
in, lay in

I,

bring together, gather

companion, attendant, follower; hanger-on, minion (71).

-itis, c.,

together, get together, collect; get

(109).
3,

/., (one's)

men

(22, 74), (one's)

comprehends,

fellows (86).

sus, arrest (132);

-prehendi, -prehencatch (fire).

comitas, -atis,/, kindliness, courtesy.

comiter, adv., courteously (29), kindly (62); on friendly terms (23).

conatus, -us, m., attempt.

concedo,

3,

-cessi,

-cessus,

allow,

grant, concede,

FIRST LATIN
concilium,
-I,
.,

READER
embark upon mount (horse);

207

council

(of war),

up (64); go on board, come on board,

;

powwow;
concurro,

(deliberative)

3, -curri,

body (34). -cursum est, rush

inter se concur-

man

(rampart)

scale (wall).

(together), run.
rere, charge

consequor,

3,

-secutus sum, catch up,

with,

upon one another (117).

terms;

come up; catch up

with; follow (90).

come up

condicio,

-onis, f.,

proposal

(no); cor dition,

plight (91).

condo, 3, -didi, -ditus, store, deposit, hide away; found, establish (city,
state).

conservS, i, preserve (116), save, look out for; husband (101), spare
(ISO)-

cdnsldo,
3,

3, -sedi,

-sessum

est, settle,

conduce,
gage. confero,

-duxi, -ductus, hire, en-

take up quarters; encamp, bivouac; take up (a) position (112); come

to a halt (114).

-ferre,

contuli,

conlatus,

bring together (117). se cSnferre, betake (one's) self, make (one's)

consilium,

-li,

.,

plan, plans, plan of

way, proceed; withdraw, return. confertus, -a, -um, partic. as adj., dense (107), solid (63); (the) thick
(of) (136).

design, purpose, scheme, project, venture; device,

action, policy, course;

expedient,
:

plot,

trick

advice, counsel;

war), conference.
at

stratagem, council (of PL, course (135).

COnfestim,
in

quickly, forthwith, immediately, without dehaste, hastily, in

adv.,

once,

See also muto.

consisto, 3, -stiti, -stitum est, stop, halt, come to a halt; take (one's)
stand, station (one's)
self;

lay;

a hurry,

hurriedly.
conficio,
3, -feel,

stand,

-fectus, finish,
;

compush
out,

ride,

plete, accomplish, bring to pass

remain (at anchor), in orbem consistere, form in a circle.

reassure;

to a conclusion (140);

wear

exhaust, weaken, overcome.

consoler, i, comfort, dress kindly (130).

ad-

cdnfirmd,

I,

assert,

declare;
reassure,

cheer
fortify,

conspectus, -us,

/;/.,

sight, view.

(up), encourage,

steady (120).

conspicio, 3, -spexi, -spectus, see, catch sight of; look on (87).

c5nfodio,
conicio,
hurl,

3, -f odi, 3,

-fossus, pierce, slay.

-iectus,

-ieci,

discharge,

constantia, -ae,/, firmness, resolution, coolness steadfastness, reliability;

shoot,

throw,

cast;

pour
icere,

in (missiles), in

fugam

shower, con-

constituo,

3, -stitui, -stitiitus,

decide,

put to
3,

flight, rout.

determine, plan; designate, appoint

join,

coniungo,

-iunxi, -iunctus,

se coniungere, join, unite, effect (a)

junction, join forces; ally one's self (103), cast in one's lot (130).

(89); fix, establish, organize; up, station (115).

draw

consuesco,

3,

-suevi, (-suetus)
,

perf.

(with force of present}

be accus-

coniuratid, -onis,/, conspiracy. CO lOr, I, try, attempt, endeavor.

tomed, be wont, be in the habit (of); translated impersonally, be

(one's) custom.

conscendo,

3,

-scendi, -scensus, climb

208

FIRST LATIN

READER
-a,

consuetude, -inis,/, practice, custom,

policy
;

Cornelius,
nelia.

-um, see Castra Corm., (Lord) Cornwal-

the ordinary (133).

3,

consulo,

-sului,

measures,

make

(-sultus), take provision, look out.

Cornivallis,
lis,

-is,

a British general in the Revolu-

consulto, adv., purposely, designedly. consum5, 3, -sumpsi, -sumptus, use

tionary War.

corpus, -oris,

.,

body.

up:

eat, eat

pass (time),

spend, igm consumere, burn.

up;

destroy;

COtidie, adv., daily, every day.

contendo, 3, -tendi, (-tentus), proceed, march, make one's way; press

(push) on, keep on, forge ahead,
hurry: beg (129). continens, -entis, partic. as adj., continuous, unremitting, unbroken.

Cotta, -ae, m., (Lucius) Cotta, lieutenant to Caesar in the Gallic war.

Crassus, -I, m., (Marcus) Crassus, lieutenant to Caesar in the Gallic war.
credo,
3,

credidi,

creditus, believe,

think.
-us, m., torture, pain, suf-

As cruciatus,
(sc.

noun,
contineo,

continens,

-entis,

/.

fering, agony.

terra), mainland (100, 101).

2,

crudelis, -is, -e, cruel, savage.

-tinui, -tentus, confine,

crudelitas, -atis, /, cruelty, barbarity,

coop up, restrain. contio, -onis, /., address

meeting.

savagery.
;

assembly,

cruentus, -a, -um, bloody.

contra, prep, with ace., against, in the direction of (126).

contuli, see confero.
insult, affront, in-

Cuba, -ae,/, Cuba. cum, conj., (time and circumstance) when, while, after, as; at a time

contumelia, -ae, /,
convenio,
4, -veni,

when much
best

(10)
as,

(cause]

since,

inas-

as:

{concession)

though,
often

dignity, illtreatment; taunt.

although.

With subjunctive,
. . .

-ventus, meet, in;

rendered by a participial phrase.

.

terview, have interview with, see

together, gather, assemble. converto, 3, -verti, -versus, turn ( 1 28)

come

cum turn, not only cum primum, as soon

.
.

but also ;

as,

when

first.

se condirect (114), convert (96). vertere, turn, give attention (90).

cum, prep,
See also

-with abl., with,

along with.

habeo (secum), simul,

m., wedge, stake.

COnvoco,

i, call

together, get together,

and una.
cuneus,
-i,

convene,

call,

summon.
sum,
arise,

coorior, 4, -ortus

come

up,

cupide, adv., eagerly, with great eagerness.

spring up ; close in (106). copia, -ae,/i, supply, abundance; outfit.

cur, adv., why,

on account of which.

PI.,

supplies,

stores;

force,

forces,

troops,

companies,

army

Curio, -onis, m., (Gaius) Curio, commander of Caesar's forces in Africa.

euro,
i,

(one's) following (138).

care

for;
:

treat

Coriolanus, -I, m., (Gaius) Coriolanus, a Roman who fought against his
country.

watch over (47)

regard for (91).
curro,
3,

care

(wounds); for, have

cucurri,

cursum

est, run,

FIRST LATIN

READER

209

rush; run about (90); run, play (of deiciS, 3, -ieci, -iectus, hurl down, hurl back (86) ; tear down, destroy fire) (90).

cursus, -us, m., course, stretch.

(99).

Partic.,

delectus, -a, -um,

custodia, -ae, /, custody.

PL, guards,

watch, pickets.
custSdiS, 4, -ivi, -itus, guard, watch.

disappointed (in). deinde. adv., then, next, later, subseabl., {freely)

with

quently.

memoria

custSdire, remember,

Deiotarus,

-I,

m., the

name

of a native
rule
in

custos, -Sdis, m., guard, sentinel.

Cybistra, -Srum, n., the city of Asia Minor.

name

of a

king who favored Asia Minor.

Roman

delatus, -a, -um, see defero.

deleo,
2,

-evi,

-etus, destroy,
raze.

make

D.,

abbreviation of Decimus,
i,

-I,

m.

away with; demolish,

deligo,
3, -legi,

damno,
nare,

condemn,

capitis

dam-

-Iectus, choose, select,

condemn

to death.

pickout, appoint, delegate. Partic. as

adj.,

de, prep, with abl., about, concerning,

of,

with reference to;

down
ten.

from,

demittd,

delectus, -a, -um, chosen (34). -misi, -missus, lower. 3,

from.

Partic. as adj., demissus, -a, -um,

decem, indeclinable adj., decimus, -a, -um, tenth.

dedi, see do.

downcast, crestfallen;
se

animo

de-

missus, disheartened, discouraged,

animo demittere, lose

i,

heart (83)

deditiS, -Snis,/i, surrender.

See also

demonstro,

point

out,

mention;

veniS.

explain (108).
-ditus, give up, surren-

dedo,
der.

3, -didi,

demum,

adv., at length, finally, at last.

Partic. as noun, dediti, -orum,

See also iam.

m., surrendered men, prisoners. denique, adv., finally, in fine. se dedere, surrender, give one's self denuo, adv., anew, again, once more, a second time. up, capitulate.

deduce,

3,

-duxi, -ductus, lead forth,

depend,

3,

-posui, -positus, put

down

transport,

conduct,

escort,

take,

(load), lay

down, surrender

(office),

bring, lead;
call

withdraw, lead away, away, recall; draw down (131).

3,

give up (hope). descendo, 3, -scendi, -scensum

est, de-

defends,
protect.

-fendi, -fensus, defend,

scend,
(121).

come down, charge down

-sertus, desert, leave,

defensiS, -Snis,/!, defense.

defer5,
-ferre,
-lull,

deser5,

3, -serui,

-latus,

bear
re-

leave in the lurch.

desisto, 3, -stiti,

down
port.

(56), carry, bear, bring;

Pass.,
-a,

stitum

est,

desist,

be carried,

drift.

cease. proeliS desistere, cease fightout, ing, withdraw.

defessus,

-um, weary, tired

worn

out.
-feci,

desum, deesse, defui,

(-fectus), give out, (84), be disloyal (14).

be

wanting

deficiS, 3,
fail,

run low.

deterreS,

2,

-terrui, -territus,

keep off,

defigo,3,-fixi, -fixus, fix, plant, set up.

scare away; intimidate.

210
detraho,
3, -traxi,

FIRST LATIN
-tractus, pull (tear,

READER
gers), miss (121), lose possession of;

strip) off;

drag out (85).

-i,
.,

give up,
dismiss,

abandon (36), forego (97)

detrimentum,

disaster, reverse,

hap, accident
(100).

calamity, loss, harm, misfortune, missource of danger ;

part

send away, allow to desend out (108); send on

(128).

discedo,
off,

3, -cessi,

-cessum

est, with-

detrudo, 3, -trusi, -trusus, push shove off.

detuli, see def er5.

draw, depart, go (off), march away, retreat, leave; recede (66); move With ab or ex andabL, ( 103, 105).
leave, desert,

deus,

-1,

m.

(dat.

and
.,

abl. pi.,

dels,

ab armis discedere,

diis, or dis), god.

discard (one's) arms

inn, tavern.

(no)

inferior

deversorium,
devius,
-a,
i,

-I,

discedere, be beaten (39).

discessus, -us, m., withdrawal, recall.
disco,
3, didici,

-um, out of the way.

devour.

devoro,

learn, acquire.

dexter, -tra, -trum, right.

dextra, -ae.

(sc.

As noun, dispono, 3, station. manus), right

-posui, -positus, arrange,

hand.
died, 3, dixi, dictus, say, speak, declare, tell,

dispute, -avi, -atum est, discuss, continue (the) discussion (104).

for

communicate, announce, diu, adv., long,

(^discuss)

a long time (period);

.
.

report,

mention, remark, suggest;

(sentiment,

express
curse.

view),

make

(suggestion),

male

dicere, swear,

neque and ... no longer; nor very long (129); n5n diutius, no
length.
.

at

diutius,

longer.

See also iam.

-a,

dies, -el,

m. and f., day. in dies, from

diversus,
divido,
up.
3,

-um,

different, various.

day to day.
differo, -ferre, distuli, dflatus, scatter;

-visi,

-visus, divide, split

put

off,

postpone.
hard,
difficult,

difficilis, -is, -e,

trouble-

d5, dare, dedi, datus, give, grant, present ; communicate, supply, provide ;
afford, offer, allow (109, 129)
;

some

delicate

(business),

ob-

sound
have

structed (slope).

(signal).

Pass.,

present

(it) self

dignitas, -atis, /, reputation, standing.

(121).
to

in custddiam
in

dare,

arrested, arrest;

fugam dare, put

diligenter, adv., diligently, carefully, with care; busily (100); with all
diligence (137).
dfligentia,
-ae,

flight, rout, disperse; operam dare, give attention (91,108); try, see to it (135); poenas dare, (pay

/, care, pains (99),

the penalty), be punished;

to rest

sesomno

carefulness, vigilance.

dare, go to sleep, betake one's self

;

dimico,

i,

-avi,

-atum

est, fight, con-

vela dare, set

sail.
;

tend, struggle, be at war; do (one's)

fighting (101).

doceo,

doctus, show, point out inform, tell; state, remind.

2, -ui,

dimitto,
lease
;

3,

let slip

-misi, -missus, let go, re(through one's fin-

dolor, -oris, /., distress, grief;

matter

of chagrin.

FIRST LATIN READER

dominus,
Domitius,
-i,

211
extuli,

m., master, owner. m., (Gnaeus) Domitius,

effero,

-ferre,

elatus,

carry

-ti,

forth, carry out,

efficio,
3,

bring (forth).
accomplish, construct (99).

a cavalry officer in Curio's army.

-feel, -fectus,

domus, -US,/, house, home, residence,

dwelling, dwelling place; domi, at

bring

(it) to pass;

effugio, 3, -fugi, escape,

make

(one's)

home; domo, from home (see also domum, homeward, egredior); home, toward home, for home; to (their) homes (96).
donee,
conj., until.
-i, n., gift,

escape,

make good

(one's) escape,

succeed in escaping, slip away, get away; find relief from (134).
egi, see ago.

ego, mei,
present.
est, hesitate.

I.

donum,
dubito,

egredior,

i,

-avi,

-atum

3, -gressus sum, go out; march disembark, come ashore;

file

dubius,

-a,

As ft0Ktt,dubiuin,-i,
ducenti, -ae,
-a,

-um, doubtful, uncertain. ., doubt (126).

forth,

out, step

out, pass

out,

make
(107);

(one's)

way
out

out,

come

forth,

two hundred.

go forth;
bring,

retire,

depart;
(122).

set

out

duco,

3,

duxi, ductus, lead,

(9,

command,
;

start

domo

be commander of
conduct, take;
stretch (chain),

34)

draw,
in

pull

(56);

egredi, leave home. elatus, -a, -um, see effero.

matrimonium

Eleutherocilices, -um,
Cilicians.

//*.,

the Free

ducere, marry, take in marriage. dum, conj., while, as, during the time

elicio, 3, -licui, -licitus, lure forth, lure.

when; provided

only.

Elizabeta, -ae,/, Elizabeth.

eludo,
3, -lusi,

duo, duae, duo, two, the two.

-lusus, outwit, cheat,

duodecim, indeclinable adj., twelve. dux, duels, c., leader, commander,

chief,

get the better of.

emigre,
emitto,

i,

-avi,

-atum

est, emigrate,

captain,

officer;

conductor,

move away.
3,

guide.

-misi, -missus, send forth,

send out.
e,

ex,

prep, with

abl.,

(separation,

emo,

source}, from, (out) of, from out, out from; beyond (sight); after, in

3, emi, emptus, buy, purchase; buy up (91). emptio, -onis, /, buying; with gen.,

accordance with; (material), from ; out of, {partitive),

from.
pars.

of,

traffic (in).

of,

enim,
eo

conj., for.

See also acies, discedo, and

60, adv., thither, to that place, there.

Eboracopolis, -is,/, Yorktown.

Eboracum
York

(-1,

n.}

Novum

(-1),

New

magis, (on this account the unde, to more), all the more; eo a point where.
. .
.

(City).

ecfrenate, adv., wildly.

edo, 3, edi, esus, eat.
edf-,
3,

-didi, -ditus, utter, give forth,

give voice to.

ire, ii, itum est, go, advance. With ad and ace., go to meet (107). eodem, adv., to the same place (spot) to this same point (73) for the same point (destination). (117).

eo,

212

FIRST LATIN READER

city

Epiphanea, -ae,/, the name of a

of Asia Minor.

exercitus, -us, m., army, force, com-

mand.
exigo,
3, -egi,

eques,
/"/.,

-itis,

m., horseman, knight.

-actus, collect (taxes)

cavalry,

horsemen; cavalry de-

pass (time).

Partic., exactus, -a,

tachment (117).
equitatus, -us, w., cavalry,
cavalry force, cavalry detachment, force of cavalry; horsemen, horse.
-I,

exiguus,

-um, completed, ended. -a, -um, small, weak;

think,
believe,

faint

(sound).

existimo,

I,

judge,

equus,

m., horse.

See also veho.

fancy, feel.

Erana, -ae /., the name of a town of exitialis, -is, -e, deadly, fatal. Asia Minor. exitus, -us, m., means of egress
eripio, 3, -ripui,

solu-

cover,

rescue.

-reptus, wrest, reWith dat., take

tion.

expedio,

4,-ivi, -itus,

make

ready, get

away (from) (71). erro, i, -avi, -atum

(about), stray.

ready, get out;

est,

erumpo,
(out)
;

3,

-rupi,

wander expeditus, -a, encumbered (by baggage), in light marching order. As w0#;/,expediti, (-ruptus), burst
,

prime (weapons). -um, partic. as adj un-

-6rum, m., light-armed troops. break out, break through expello, 3, -pull, -pulsus, drive out ; (43), break away (64), make a dispel (doubt). dash (68). explico, i, -avi or -ui, -atus or -itus,
eruptio, -5nis,/, sally, sortie. et, both et, conj., and. et
. .
.

(rush) forth, burst (rush) out, dart

deploy, arrange.
. . .

and.

etiam, adv., even, also, too. quin etiam and solum.

etsi, conj., although,

See also

explorator, -oris, m., scout, explorer, frontiersman.

explore,
i,

explore, reconnoitre, ex-

even though.
est, get out,

amine, inspect.

Europa,
evado,
3,

-ae,/., Europe.
-vasi,

expugno,

i,

take

by storm, storm,
spring up

-vasum

capture, take.
exsilio, 4, -silui, leap out;

escape; emerge (82).

evenio, 4, -veni,
'

-ventum

est, turn

(20); leap (80).

out, go, proceed.

exsilium,
exspecto,

-I,

.,

exile.

eventus, -us, /., outcome, sequel; net result (no).

ex, see
e.

I,

await, wait for, await the

coming
(6 7

(arrival) of, delay for

to,

(in);
wait

look forward
-a,

anticipate;

exactus,
excido,
excipio,

3,

-um, see exigS. -cidi, -cisus, cut down.

-ceptus, except; with-

121).
3,

exstruo,

-struxi,

-structus,

con-

3, -cepi,

struct, build.

excito,

stand (35); await, meet (37,101). I, rouse, rouse up.

-ii,

extinguo,

3,

extinxi, extinctus, ex-

tinguish, put out.

exeo, -ire,

-itum est, go out (forth), extra,

prep,
outside,

with

ace.,

outside

come
forth;

out (forth), go (out),

depart, retire.

march

of,

without;

beyond

(127).

FIRST LATIN READER

Faber,
-bri, m.,
-bi,

213

Fabius,

m.,

(Captain John) Smith. ( i ) Gaius Fabius, lieu-

feliciter, adv., successfully, well, pros-

perously,
cessfully.

nec

feliciter,

and unsuc-

tenant to Caesar in the Gallic war; (2) Fabius Paelignus, a soldier in

Curio's army;

See (rem) gero. fenestra, -ae,/, window. (3) Quintus Fabius fera, -ae, f., wild animal (creature,

Sanga, a lawyer
of Catiline.

who helped

Cicero

beast).

in the suppression of the conspiracy

Ferdinandus,
of Spain.

-i,

m., Ferdinand, king

facile, adv., easily, with great ease, with-

fere, adv., about, nearly, almost.

f ero, ferre, tuli, latus, carry, bear, bring;

out trouble, without difficulty, readily.

facinus,
-oris,
n.,

crime,

outrage;

deed, exploit, feat.

facio,
3,

brave,
do,

endure, put up with, bear, withstand, hold out against; permit

(139),
call
;

feci,

factus,

perform,
build,

for

(127):

advance

make; commit, perpetrate;

construct;

(standards)
ure).

cast (vote), pass (meas-

choose,

elect,

appoint,
;

Pass.,

be carried

(hurled,

make
liver

carry out (massacre)

make,

thrown), roll, auxilium ferre, bring

bring help, give assistance, lend aid, lend a hand, assist; with
relief,

lay, place

(ambuscade)
;

make, deafford (op-

(announcement)

portunity); inflict (injury); leave (tracks); take (departure), castra

facere, facere,

dat., support,

be

irritated,

encamp;
inform,

enlighten,

certiorem (-es) send

;

state

help; moleste ferre, be indignant, be in a of indignation, be aggrieved,

word

to, notify

(see also flo)

imiter

petum

facere,

charge;

iniurias
;

feel (it) keenly (60), regret (95, 97); chafe under, chafe at, bear with irritation (34, 55).

facere, with dat., illtreat (4)

fidelis, -is, -e, faithful, loyal, reliable.

facere, travel, journey, march, ad-

fides, -el,/,
filia,

credence; loyalty (120).

vance,

(21);

on; range stipendia facere, serve (in

proceed, push

-ae,/, daughter. filius, -li, m., son; the younger, junior

(5).
finis,
-is,

army).

See also

fi5.

f acultas, -atis,/, opportunity, chance. Faesulanus, -a, -um, of Faesulae (a

m.,

end,

objective

point

(89).

PI.,

boundaries,

border;

town of Etruria)
nus,
fallo,
-i,

As noun, Faesuladisappoint.

territory, land, lands, country.

m., (a) citizen of Faesulae.

fefelli,

f initimus, -a, -um, neighboring, near-

3,

falsus,

by, adjacent.

As noun,

finitimi,

Partic. as adj., falsus, -a, -um, false,

fictitious

(137).

fames, -is,/, hunger, starvation.

also need.

See

-6rum, m., adjacent peoples (138). fio, fieri, factus sum, be done, take place ; be accomplished, be gone

through with (109)

happen, occur,

faveo,

2,

favi,

fautum

est, with dat.,

come

to pass, arise,
;

come on

be,

be

favorably disposed

(to),

feel

become, grow
pointed,

sympathy

(for), side (with).

be made, be apcertior (-es) fieri, be inSee also facio.

fefelli, see fallo.

formed, learn.

FIRST LATIN READER

firmo,
i,

secure, strengthen.

firmus,

-a, -urn, strong.

-i,

frequens, -entis, numbers.

ad),

//.,

in

large

Flamininus,
fleo, 2, flevi,

Flamininus, a

m., (Titus Quinctius) Roman ex-consul.

est,

fretum,

-i,

n., strait,

channel, sound.

frigidus, -a, -um, icy.

frigus,
-oris,
.,

fletum

weep,

cry.

cold.

PI.,

cold

Florida, -ae,/, Florida.

flos, floris,

weather (7).

m., blossom, flower.

fluctus, -us, m.,

wave.
stream, cur-

frumentum, -i, n., grain, corn. frustra, adv., in vain, to no purpose,

without success.
-i, n., bit,

flumen,

-inis, n., river,

rent (73).
river,

advers5 flumine, up the frustum,

piece.

up (the) stream, (on) up the fuga, -ae, /, flight, rout, retreat, esdefection (117). See also stream (98) secundo flumine, with cape the current, downstream. conicio and do.
; ;

flu5, 3, fluxi, (fluxus), flow.

fugio, 3, fugi,

flee, retreat, retire, slip

folium,

-i,

n., leaf.

away; hurry, run.

retreat (127).

Partic. as adj.,

fdns, fontis, m., spring. foris, -is, m. ; pi , door.

forte,
adv.,

fugiens, -entis, flying (59, 70), in

casually,

by chance, accidentally, as it chanced; per-e,

fumus,

-i,

m., smoke.

chance (77).
fortis,
-is,

Gabinius,
brave,

-ni,

courageous,

(Capito),

m., (Publius) Gabinius person implicated in

heroic.
fortiter, adv., bravely, courageously,

with courage, stoutly ; with bravery, with fortitude (52) ; like a man (68).
valiantly,

Catiline's conspiracy. Gallia, -ae,/, France ; Gaul (101 ff.). Gallicus, -a, -um, French ; Gallic

(126 ff.).
Gallus, -a, -um, Gallic.
lus,
-i,

As noun, Gal:

fortitude, -inis,/, fortitude, heroism;

spirit

m., (a) Gaul

//.,

the Gauls

(61).

(45

ff.);

the French, Frenchmen.

fortuna, -ae, /., fortune, fate, luck ; good fortune (135). PL, wellbeing.
fortune.

gaudeo,

2,

gavisus sum,

rejoice,

be

delighted (pleased, glad).

-ae,/, the

As proper name, Fortuna, gaza, -ae,/, treasure. name of the goddess of gemitus, -us, m., groan.
gens, gentis,/, nation, tribe, people.

forum,

market place. In particular, the market place at Rome, the Forum.

-i, n.,

genus,

-eris, n., class;

birth, family

(136).

German!, -drum, m., the Germans.

ger5,
3,

fossa, -ae,/, ditch, moat.

frango,

3,

fregi,

fractus,

break,

manage
pletion

gessi, gestus, do, accomplish, (4), carry through to com-

wreck; break down (26); break, humble (140), discourage, dishearten (33).
f rater, -tris, m., brother.

(129)

have

(quarrel);
place,

wear (22, 99).

gerere,

Pass., take

happen, go on, proceed,

wage war,

fight,

bellum carry on

FIRST LATIN
war, be at war, take the
field,

READER
.,

215
the

the warpath, rem bene (feliciter) gerere, be successful, have (any)

go on Hadrumetum, -i, town of northern

name

of a

Africa.

success, act successfully; se gerere,

Hannibal, -alis, ;., the name of a famous Carthaginian general.

haud,
harena, -ae,/, sand. adv., by no means, not very, See also aequus, invitus, not.
libenter,

behave,

act,

comport (one's)

self.

See also

res.

glacies, -ei,/, ice.

gladius,

-I,

m., sword.

longinquus,

longus,
of

gloria, -ae,/, luster, renown. glorior, i, boast.

magnus, and procul.

Henricus,
Portugal.
-i,
;;/.,

Henry,

king

Gorgia, -ae,/, Georgia. Graecus, -a, -um, Greek.

gratia, -ae,/, favor (89).

PL, thanks.
satisfac-

gratus,

-a,

-um, acceptable,
;

herba, -ae, /, grass. winter quarters, hiberna, -orum, ., winter camp, winter encampment.
hie,

tory, attractive

grateful (45).

adv., here.
abl.,

gravis,

-is, -e,

heavy; trying (no),

hie, haec, hoc, this, that;

(sc. via),

hac
he,

pressing (in); extortionate, ruinous (137): serious, dangerous (disease); heavy, deep, sound (sleep).
graviter,
severely
ingly.
;

by

this route.

As noun,

they, this, these; neut., this (thing,

action, consideration, story, etc.).
i, -avi, -atum est, pass the winter, winter, be quartered for the winter.

adv.,

seriously,

deeply,

hiemo,

much,

greatly,

exceed-

Grudii,

-drum, m., the name of a people of northern Gaul.

-i,

hiems, -emis, /, winter, winter time,

winter season.

gubernaculum,
steering gear,

n.,

steering oar. PL,

Hispani, -drum, m., the Spanish, the

Spaniards.

tiller,

helm.
pilot.

gubernator, -oris, m., helmsman,

Hispania, -ae,/, Spain.

Hispaniensis,
-is,

-e,

of Spain.
-is,

As

habeo,
hold,

2, -ui, -itus,

have, hold, keep

;
:

noun, Hispaniensis,
tive of Spain.

m., (a) na-

regard

get,

make

(135)

deliver,

make
;

(speech),
attain

set

forth

homo,

-inis,

c.,

(argument)
dence),

(renown, crebene se habere, have a

;

vidual, person,

man, fellow, indibody; he, the man.

PL, people, mankind (23).

honor, -oris, m., honor, mark of distinction; esteem,

good time encamped

tend, plan

castra habere, remain

in

animo
of,

fcabere, in-

honor

deference

think
;

ing a thing)

consider (doin incertd habere,

(81).

hora, -ae,/, hour.

-ti, m., Horatius (Codes), a hero of early Rome.

be undecided; res ita se habere, Horatius,

matters stand thus
(53);

secum

habere, harbor (132).

habit5,
i,

horrendus,
hortor,
i,

-a,

-um, awful,

frightful.

-avi,

(-atus), live, dwell,

urge, exhort, direct; encour-

be located.

age, cheer, rally;

beg (102, 104).

216
hortus,
hostis,
-I,

FIRST LATIN
m., garden. m., enemy.

READER
advantage; blockaded,
obstructed,

-is,

choked:
imperator,

difficult

(ground)

hue, adv., to this place, thither.

-oris,

;//.,

(128). general, com-

Hudso, -6nis, m., (i) Henry Hudson, mander, commanding general (offithe explorer ; (2) the name of a cer), commander in chief. river of New York state. imperium, -ri, n., order (129), command (44); sway, control (81), humus, -I, /., ground ; humi, on the
ground, upon the ground; ground (90).
in (to) the

government, rule (140).

impero,

i,

-avi,

-atum

est, with dat.

case, if
ibi, adv., there, at that point, in that

any, give orders (command,

direction, directions), issue orders,

region, right there.

order, direct.

Iconium, -m, ., the name of a town of Asia Minor.

impetrd,

i,

win, gain, secure

buy

(40impetus,
-us,

idem, eadem, idem, the same, that

same, this same; the very (7).

m.,

attack,

assault,

As
the

charge, onset, onslaught.

noun, the same

man;

ncut.,

impono,
or in
on).

3,

-posui, -positus, with dat.

ace., place,

same

(thing, story, procedure, etc.).

-a,

and

load (upon,
>

id5neus,

-um,

suitable,
;

proper,
favor-

satisfactory,

well-adapted

imus,
in,

-a,
;

-um, see inferior.

able (wind).

Idus, -uum, /, the Ides (the I3th of some months, the i5th of others).
igitur,
conj., so.
-is,

(i) with abl., in, at, on, upon, on board, on the surface of ; within,

prep.

in the midst of,

ace., into,
to, in,

among

(2) with

therefore,

accordingly,

into the territory

and
ignis,

of
m.,
fire,

against, upon, on, at,

;

among ;

light,

camp

fire.

toward, for

out upon (51).

.,

PL, flames.

See also consume.

incendium,
tion.

-di,

fire,

conflagra-

ignominia,
tion.

-ae, f., disgrace, humilia-

incendo,

3,

-cendi, -census, burn (up),

fire;

ignotus, -a,

-um,

unknown,
this,

unex-

destroy by

set fire to, fire.

plored, strange.
ille,

incertus, -a, -um, irregular, devious

that,

ilia,

illud,

the.

As

noun, he, she, the one, they, these;

neut., this.

(107); insecure (135). As noun, incertum, -i, n., uncertainty (135)

(see habeo).
incite,
i ,

illucesco, 3, -luxi, dawn.

spur on,

stir

up.

se incitare,

work one's self up (48). impedimenta, -orum, n., baggage, baggage train, stores; personal ef- incola, -ae, c., inhabitant, native. fects (no). incolo, 3, -colui, inhabit, occupy, popuimpedio,
4, -ivi, -itus, hinder, molest,
late,

be settled
-is, -e,

in.

delay; put a damper upon (138). Partic. as adj., impeditus, -a, -um,

incolumis,
free.

safe,

unharmed,

in

safety, unscathed,

unmolested; scot

hampered, weighed down,

at

dis-

FIRST LATIN
incommodum,
verse.
-i,

READER
hurl, shoot, discharge,
fire,

217
telum

n.,

inconvenience

(54), check, set-back, disaster, refabulous, aston-

inmittere,

fire.

inopia, -ae,/, lack, need, scarcity.

-is,

incredibilis,
ishing.

-e,

inquam,

, -quii, say, exclaim, cry; inquire, reply, retort.

inde, adv., thence, from thence;

there;

from inrumpd,
it.

3,

-rupi,

(ruptus), break
(into),

from that point; from

-dixi,

(into),

burst

(into), rush

Indiana, -ae,/, Indiana.

indico,
3,

-dictus,

declare

dash (into) ; burst in, break in. insequor, 3, -secutus sum, pursue,
low,
trail.

fol-

(war).

vestigiis insequi, follow the

Indus,

-a,

-urn,
/.,

Indian.

As noun,
//.,

Indus, -i, the Indians.

inferior,
-ior,

(an)

Indian;

insidiae, -arum,

-ius,

inferior,

lower,

/, ambuscade, ambush; treachery, underhand means See also lateo. (72).

indeclinable noun, with gen.,
as.

weaker.

Superl.,

imus,

-a,

(the) lowest (part of) (131).

also discedo.

-um, See

instar,

the size (of), as large

instruo,
3,

-struxi, -structus,
fit

draw up,

infero, -ferre, intuli, inlatus, inflict;

form, marshal;

out, equip.

with

dat.y inflict

(upon), do (to),
iniurias
in-

make

(war

upon),

insula, -ae,/, island, Long Island.

insula Longa,

ferre, "with dat., maltreat.

integer, -gra, -grum, untouched.

As
fresh

infestus, -a, -um, threatening, opposing.

noun,
troops.

integri,

-5rum,

m.,

ingredior,
effect

3,

-gressus

sum,

enter,

intelleg5,
see,

3,

-lexi,

-lectus, realize,

an entrance.
-a,

perceive,

gather,

understand,

inimicus,

-um, unfriendly, hostile, ill-disposed. As noun, inimicus, -i,

m., enemy, ill- wisher; superl., deadly
foe.

know.
intempestus, -a, -um, See nox. able.
inter, prep, with ace.,
lit.,

unseason-

among, in the
See also ago,

iniquus, -a, -um, unfavorable.

iniuria, -ae,/, injury, wrong, damage; violence. Abl. as adv., //., injuries,
iniuria, unjustly, wrongfully, with-

midst of; between.

cohortor, and concurro.

intercipio, 3, -cepi, -ceptus, intercept,

cut off;

capture.

out just cause (45). and infero.

See also facio

interdiu, by day, by daylight.

interdum, adv.,
time;

at times,

from time to
in

iniussu, abl. of defective noun, with gen., without the order (of), against orders the order (of), without

sometimes, occasionally;

cases (91). interea, adv., in the meantime,

while.

some

mean-

(from).
inlido, 3, -lisi, -lisus, dash.

Pass.,

be

intere5, -ire,

-ii,

perish,

be

killed.

dashed, crash.
inmitto,
3,

interficio, 3, -feci, -fectus, kill, slay,

-misi, -missus, send, throw,

put to death;

murder,

massacre,

218
kill off,

FIRST LATIN
cut
off,

READER
things
;

cut down,

cut

to

pieces,

telo interficere, shoot dead.

interim, adv., meanwhile, in the meantime, the while.

intermitto,
3,

a thing (132), a project gen., his, her, their; of theirs (138). id quod, what. Isabella, -ae, f., the name of a queen

(139)

-misi, -missus, check;

of Spain.
iste, ista, istud, that, this;

leave between (126)..

that

interpono,
pose,

3, -postri,

-positus, inter-

of yours (134).

As no un,

he, this

put

(place,

hold)

between.
ita, adv., thus, so;

Pass., lie between, intervene.

intervallum, -I, n., distance. intra, prep, with ace., within, behind; (over) within (113).
intro,
I,

in this way, in the followingway; with matters standing thus (119); by this means (104): in

such a manner (122); at such

:

enter,

make
:

(one's)

way

into;

speed (139)

so very (121).

step in (49)

enter, gain (harbor).

Italia, -ae,/, Italy.

conj.,

intus, adv., within, inside;

on board itaque,

and
.,

so, accordingly.

(7)invenio, 4, -veni, -ventus, find, find

out, discover,

iter, itineris,

journey, way, road,

route, march, traveling, trip, stage

(138).

in itinere, on the march,

invisus, -a, -urn, odious; hated (48,

7_5)-

on the road, on the

invitus, -a,

-um, unwilling, against (one's) will, against (one's) inclinawith reluctance;

line of march, during the journey; iter magnum, See also facio. forced march.

tion,

exceedingly
will,

iterum, adv., again, a second time, once again; the second time (64).

loath,

baud
ipse,
itself,

much against (one's) invitus, nothing loath.

ipsum, himself,
themselves, gen.,

See also semel.

ipsa,

herself,
:

iaceo, 2, -ui,

lie,

lie

neglected (131).
iacens,
-entis,

own

(the
:

Partic.

as

adj.,

city) proper, (this, that) particular

prostrate.
iaci5, 3, ieci, iactus, throw, cast, shoot;

on
son

their
;

very,

own motion (24); in perown hand (136) mere, even. As noun, he, the
with his
:

throw out (anchors).

lacso, -onis, m.,

(Andrew) Jackson.
at

man

himself, they,vr., his (own),

iam, adv., now, already,

;

length.

iam ante, previously iam demum, now at length, at length; iam diu, Ira, -ae,/, anger, wrath. now for a long time, long since; iratus, -a, -um, angry, in anger, in a iam pridem, long since, long before. passion, in (one's) wrath; hotly, the name of a hill laniculum, -i, angrily (103).
their (own).
.,

is,

ea, id, this, the, that.

As noun,

he,

separated from
lasper,
-eri,

Rome

by the Tiber.

man

(103), she, they, these, those,

m., (Sergeant) Jasper, a

(the) people, (the)

this, that
;

men;

ne^^t., it,

this thing, this

purpose

daring soldier of the Revolution. luba, -ae, m., the name of an African
king.

(54), the things, the events, those

FIRST LATIN
iubeo,
2,

READER
-ae,

219
in

iussi,

iussus, order,
tell,

com- Larisa,
(89);

/, the name of a town

mand,

direct, bid,

say

Greece.
latebrae, -arum, /, hiding place, sheltered spot (99); ambush (105). in
latebris, in hiding (32). lateo, 2, -ui, hide, skulk, be in hiding, lie in wait, in insidiis latere, lie in
wait.
-eris,
.,

give orders, leave orders. under orders, be ordered.

iudic5,
I,

Pass.,

be

think, infer, believe, feel, be

of the opinion.

lunius, -ni,

;;/.,

dier in Caesar's

(Gaius) Junius, a solarmy in Gaul.

luno, -5nis,

/.,

Juno,

queen of the latus,

laudo,

flank (of army).

gods, as being the wife of Jupiter. ius, iuris, w., law, rules (132); court

latus, -a, -um, see fero.

I,

praise,

commend.

(45)
tives.

//., rights, privileges,

preroga-

lectus,

-i, ///.,

bed, couch.

Abl. as adv., iure, rightfully,

legatus,

with good right.

iuvenis,

See also vocd.

-I, m., captain, commander, lieutenant, officer, staff officer (44),

-is, m., young man, youth, young fellow; with adj. force, youth-

subordinate officer (33); ambassador, messenger,

envoy

(42,

no,

130,

ful

(25).
i,

132, 133, 134, 135, 138);

governor

iuv5,

iuvi, iutus, aid, help, assist,

(23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 62,

75, 76).

relieve, help out.

legio,

-onis,

K., abbreviation of Kalendae, -arum, Calends (i.e. the first day of f., the

(i02ff.).

/, regiment; PL, troops.

legion

leniter, adv., slowly, leisurely.

a month).
L., abbreviation #/" Lucius, -ci,

Lexingto, -onis, ;., Lexington, a town

in Massachusetts.

m.

libenter, adv. , readily, cheerfully, with

pleasure, happily, gladly, with alacbaud libenter, with disconrity,
tent;

Labienus,
war.

-i, m., (Titus) Labienus, lieutenant to Caesar in the Gallic

nee libenter, and unhappily.

labor, -oris, m., hardship,

trial;

difficulty,

liberi,

-orum, m., children.

strain, toil, labor,

work, exerwork,

tion, effort, fatigue (124).

Liberia, -ae,/., the of Africa.

liberd,
i,

name

of a country

laboro,

i,

-avi,

-atum

est,

toil;

free, relieve.

be hard pressed (136).

lacrima, -ae,/, tear.
lacus, -us, m., lake. laetus, -a, -um, joyful, glad, happy,
rejoicing, delighted;

libertas,

-atis,

/,

liberty,

freedom,

emancipation.
liburnica, -ae,
antine.
licet, 2, licuit or
f., sloop, cutter, brig-

with

joy,

with

licitum est, imper-

alacrity (96), in high spirits (50).

sonal verb, be permitted.

lignatio, -dnis,/, felling (of) timber. Lima, -ae, /., the name of a town of

Laodicea, -ae, /, the name of a city of Asia Minor.

largior, 4, -itus
fice.

sum, give

freely, sacri-

South America.
lingua, -ae, /, tongue, language.

22O

FIRST LATIN

READER
name
of Portugal.

littera, -ae,/, letter (of the alphabet).

Lusitania, -ae, /, the ancient

PL,

letter,

communication,

mesal-

sage ; document, paper (112);

lux, lucis, /., light, the light of day,

phabet (113).
litus, -oris, n., coast, shore.

dawn, daybreak, prima lux, early dawn, dawn, daybreak.

Lycaonia,
trict in

Livius, -vi, m., (Titus) Livy, a famous

-ae,

/, the name of a

dis-

Roman

historian.
rich,

Asia Minor.

locuples, -etis, adj., well-to-do.

locus,
-I,

wealthy,

M., abbreviation of Marcus,

-I,

m.

m.

(pi.,

loca,

-orum,

.),

maestus,

-a,

-um, sad, dejected, sor-

place, spot, point, region, locality,

location,

ground,

position,

post;

rowful, sorrowing; in dejection, in gloom, in (the garb of) mourning

part

(no):

station (in life) (79);

(42); disappointed (86).

position, light (118).

PL,

district,

country (31,
quarters

33);

location (65);

magicus, -a, -um, magic, magical. See also ars.

(91).

omnibus
also

locis,

magis,

adv., compar.,

more (129); see

everywhere. natura.

See

cedo

and

also ed

(adv.}.

Superl.,

maxime,
exceed:

particularly,

especially;

locutus, -a, -um, see loquor.

ingly, in the highest degree

(-1),

some-

Londinium

(-ni,

n.)

Novum

times prefixed force

to

to

give superlative

New
cut.

London, a town
far,

in Connecti-

an

adj.

or adv.

magister,
(to)

-tri,

m., captain,

puerorum

longe, adv.,

a considerable

distance, to a great distance;

with

magister, tutor, school teacher. magnopere, adv., earnestly; unreasonably (103).

superl. or compar. of adj. or adv.,

(by)
far

far,

much.
-a,

magnus,
distant, remote,

-a,

-um, great,
(stores),

large, big, of
:

longinquus,
away,

-um,
a

large size, huge, immense, extensive

at
at

distance,

haud

abundant

longinquus,
longus,
is

no great distance.

dead (earnest), excessive (heat), good (courage),

grave
(peril),

-a,

-um, long,

haud longus,
est,

hearty,
severe,

heartfelt

no great (distance); longum

it

(thanks),

heavy,

serious

too long (127), 'twould be a

(loss), heavy, severe, violent (earth-

long tale (87). and navis.

loquor,
3,

See also msula

quake, storm), heroic

(spirit),

high
(ex-

(column,
ploit),

hope),

important

locutus sum, talk, speak, converse; state (126) ; with, cum

talk (to).

keen (anticipation),

liberal

(reward), loud (noise), long (distance),

and abl.,

much

(assistance),

strong

Lovisiana, -ae,/, Louisiana. Lucanius, -ni, m., (Quintus) Lucanius,

a soldier in Caesar's

(force, guard, spirit, etc.), tremen-

dous

(curse), valuable (treasure),

(river),
;

army

in Gaul.

wide
great
size.

Iud5,

lusum luna, -ae,/, moon.

3, lusi,

est, play, sport.

haud magnus, no non magnus, of no great

iter.

See also

FIRST LATIN
Compar., maior,
'

READER

221

-or,

-us,

(all

the)

greater (84); a considerable (55), some considerable (120); elder,

older.

matrdna, -ae,/, lady. mature, adv., early, soon; speedily

(94).

As noun, maiores, -um, m., Mauri, -drum, m., the Moors. fathers (13). maxime, see magis. maximus, -a, -um, see magnus. -a, -um, maximus, extreme, Superl.,
utmost, supreme, exceedingly great,

Mediterraneus,
ranean.

-a,

-um,

Mediter-

immense,

mighty;

much

(104);

general, wholesale, frightful (slaughter).

-or, -us, see

medius, -a, -um, middle See also nox. of.

melior, see bonus.

(of), center

maior,
died.

magnus.
See also

male, adv., not

fully (140).

memor,

-oris, adj.,

with gen., with a

(of),

thought

(of),

thinking

re-

maid, malle, malui, prefer, choose. malus, -a, -um, wicked, evil, unprincipled, vile.
evil,

membering. memorabilia,
markable.

-is, -e,

noteworthy, re-

As noun, malum,

-I,

.,

mane, in

misfortune, trouble, difficulty. the morning, on the morrow,

early in the

memoria,
brance.

-ae, f.,

See

also

memory, rememcustodio and

next morning;

morn-

teneo.

ing (49).

mensis,

-is,

m.,

month.

maneo,

2,

mansi,

mansum
live.
-e,

est, re-

mentior,

4, -itus

sum, make up (a)

main, stay, tarry,

story, fabricate.

manipularis,
file.

-is,

of the rank
-is,

and meridies,
;;/.
,

-el,

m., midday,

noon ( 129) ;
thought
(138);

As noun, manipularis,
rank and
file,

the south (40, 43, 77).

soldier of the
//.,

private;

metus,

-us, m., fear (122);

men.

of danger (119).

Manlius, -II, m., (i) Marcus Manlius, a Roman who defended the Capitol against the Gauls; (2) Gaius Manlius,

meus, -a, -um, my; on my part (140).

my own

Miantonimo,
an In Jian
miles,
dier,
-itis,

-onis, m., the

name of
solPI.,

lieutenant to Catiline!
;

chief.

-us, /, hand band, company, detachment, force. Marcius, -ci, m., Marcius (Rufus), an

manus,

m., soldier,
in

common
ranks.

soldier
privates.

the

men,

See also tribunus.

thousand,

officer in Curio's

army..

mille, indeclinable adj.; pi., (noun}

Marcus,
mare,

-I,

m., Marcus.
n., sea,

milia, -ium,

.,

mille

-is,

ocean; the high

passus,mile; milia passuum, miles.

seas (92).

Marta, -ae,/, Martha. Martius, -a, -um, of March. mater, -tris, /, mother.

minime, see minus. minimus, see parvus.

minor, -or, -us, see parvus. minus, adv., compar., less; not very

matrimonium,
also duco.

-I,

.,

marriage.

See

(80).

Suferl.,

minime, not

at all,

by no means; no (87).

222
minis,
-a,

FIRST LATIN READER

-um, wonderful, strange. -ui, mistus or mixtus,

moved,

2,

movi, motus, move

break

misceo,
mingle.

2,

(camp).

mox,
pitiful,

adv., soon, shortly, quickly.

miser, -era, -erum, wretched,

unfortunate,
(42).
luckless,

Mucius,

poor;
fellow,
etc.

hard poor

-ci, m., (Gaius) hero of ancient Rome.

Mucius, a

As noun, poor

woman, poor wretches,

mitto,
3,

misi, missus, send, dispatch;

mulier, -eris,/, woman. multitudo, -inis, /, throng, crowd, band, force, number, company,

shoot, hurl, fire; throw away, discard, lose (129). Partic, as noun, missi,

numbers; rain (of weapons). mult5, adv., (by) much, (by) far.

-6mm,
modo,
131).

m.,

messengers,

lit.

those

sent (109).
adv.,
just

multum, adv., much, greatly. plurimum, very frequently

multus,
-a,
of,

Super/.,

(135).
in

before,
just:
.

just

now,
(20,

-um, much.
a
large

PL, many;
of;

lately;

just,

but
. .

only
at

many
large

number
:

modo
...
-i,

modo,

one
si.

time

at another.

See also

numbers (28) as masc. noun, many, many persons, many people;

<?///.,

modus,
sort;

manner, fashion, way, means, chance, eius modi, of this

m.,

(stories),

many (things), many much (property). Cornpluris,

neut.

nullo modo, not at

thus.

all

(83);
see

par., plus,

(noun},

quo modo,
fero.

more (88)
Superl.,

//.,plures, -es, -a, more,

;

moleste, adv.,

with irritation;

several (131)

as

noun, more (122).

-ae,
-a,

plurimi,

very

moneo,

2,

-ui,

-itus,

warn, advise,
emi-

inform (49).

many, numerous, a large number of; in large (great) numbers, in strong

force
:

mons, montis, m., mountain,

nence, height.

a cloud (multitude, shower)

4,
-ivi,

of.

munio,
sine

-itus,

intrench,

mora,

-ae, f., delay, hesitation,

strengthen, fortify.

Partic. as adj.,

mora, instantly (64). morbus, -i, m., disease, illness, sickness.

munitus,
fortified.

-a,

-um, strong, (strongly)

moribundus,
morior,

-a,

-um, dying,

at the

point of death.

munitio, -5nis, /, fortification, intrenchment. fortifications; PL,

w'orks (115, 123).
-i, ;//.,

3, mortuus sum, die. Partic. siege (and adj.') mortuus, -a, -um, having murus,

wall, (stone) fence (55).

died, dead: as noun,

mortuus,

-i,

muto,

i,

change,

consilium mutare,

m., dead

man;

//.,

the dead.
dally,

change (one's) mind.

wait,

moror,

I,

delay, tarry, linger,

lounge;' hold back, remain, stop; be detained (9, 10).

tion.

nam,

conj., for.
3,

nanciscor,
cover;

nactus sum,
secure;

find, dis-

mors, mortis,/, death, dying, execu-

gain,

reach

(83).

Perf. tense, have (119).

;;/.,

mos, moris.

custom.

PI.,

ways narr5,
nascor,

i,

relate, narrate, tell (of).

(28), character (72).

3,

natus sum, be born.

FIRST LATIN
natio, -dnis,/, tribe.

READER
defective

223
noun, m., no one, none, Gen. and abl. supplied

nemo,

nato,

i,

-avi,

-atum

est, float.

not a man.
by nullius

natura, -ae,/> nature, natural inclinaAbl. as adv., natura, natution.

rally

and niillo.
conj.,

neque, nec,

and

not, nor;

(134).

natura
see

loci,

natural

when

situation (41).

times)

natus,

-a,

-um,

nascor.

(someneque by vero, not. nor; not neque, neither .

folloived by
. . . .

enim
.

or

nauta,

-ae,

;/?.,

sailor,

deck hand.

nor

yet

(126).

See

also

alius,

PL, crew.

diu, feliciter, libenter,

n., vessel.

quisquam,

navigium,
navigo,
coast,
:

-i,

scio,

tamen,
-vi,

ullus,

umquam, and

i,

-avi,

-atum
head,

est, sail, cruise,

volo.

ply;

journey,

travel

Nervius,

be on shipboard (91); go to (ii) sea (5), ship (2).

navis, -is,/, ship, vessel, boat, navis See longa, warship, man-of-war.
also solvd.

the Nervii

PI., m., a Nervian. (a people of northern

Gaul).
nescio, 4, -scivi, not understand, not

know, be ignorant
nihil,

of.

indeclinable

noun,

nothing.
(68). of the

-ne, sign of a question. ne, conj. ; (purpose) so as not to, not

to, in

Ace. as adv., not

order not

to,
.
.

so that
.

not,

Nina, -ae,/, the ships of Columbus.

cepting. nix, nivis,/, snow.

... at all name of one

to the

end that

not, lest; (after

nisi, conj., unless; as adv., except, ex-

verbs of fearing) that, lest; {after ne quis, so recusare) that (132). that no one (54, 57); ne qua, so
that
.
.

no, i, -avi, -atum est, swim, float. ne quid, so that noctu, adv., at night, by night, in the not ne night, during the night, under cover anything (47) of night; one night (68). ullus, that no (84).

no (102);
.

ne

quidem, not even; not

nocturnus,

-a,

-um, during the night,

either (93). nec, see neque.

night (adj.}.
nolo, nolle, nolui, be unwilling, not be

necessarius,
tial,

-a,

-um, necessary, essenkill,

willing,

not wish, not

desire,

not

needed, needful.
i,

want; object, decline, refuse.

need,

put to death,

fame ne- nomen,

(35).
off

-inis, n.,

name,

title;

honor

care, starve to death.

necopinans, -antis, adj.,

guard.

(one's)

non, adv., not.

nondum,
. .
.

adv., not yet.

nego,

i,

-avi, (-atus), declare that

nonnulli, -ae, -a, a

number

of.

As

not, say

" no."

noun, some,
nonus,
-a,

negotiator, -oris, m., trader.

negotior,
i,

-um, ninth,

trade,

have

(business)

noster, -tra, -trum, our.

nostri, -orum, m., our troops, forces, force).

As noun,
(soldiers,

be a trader (134). negotium, -ti, n. business, commission.

c'ealings;
,

men

224
notus,
-a, -vim,

FIRST LATIN READER

partic.
as adj., known. of New York,

obses, -idis,

c.,

hostage.
-sessus,

Noveboracensis,

-is, -e,

obsideo,

2,

-sedi,

besiege,

New York
novus,
-a,

(adj.}.

beset, blockade,

hem

in,

surround;

-um, new, strange, odd, un;

guard, watch,
obsidio, -onis,/, siege,
-a,

expected
;

revolutionary,

upstart

(138) as part of a town or country obstinatus, name, New. (all) quid novl (as dogged.
neut. noun},

-um,

determined,

new).
(127).

Superl., See also

anything new (lit. of obtineo, 2, -tinui, -tentus, hold, have, last, hindermost enjoy (34). regnum obtinere, rule. occasio, -onis,/., opportunity, chance, agmen and res.
occidens, -entis, m., the west.
occido,
3, -cidi, -cisus, kill, slay,

nox, noctis,/, night, darkness, nightfall. Abl. as adv., nocte, under cover
of the darkness (130). media nox, midnight; nocte intempesta, at

put to

death, murder, slaughter, massacre; cut down, cut to pieces, cut off.
of,
fill

nudus,

dead of night. OCCUpd, i, occupy, take possession -a, -um, bare, naked, without capture, seize, seize (upon);
-a,

clothing.

(89). Partic. as adj., occupatus, -a,

nullus,
(as

-um, no, not a; nullo,

-um, guarded (133)

busy, busied;

interested (129). noun), supplying the lacking abl. of nemo, no one, none occurro, 3, -curri, -cursum dat., meet, head off. (39> 58, 82). See also modus and

masc.

est,

with

pars.

octavus,
-i,

-a,

-um, eighth.

numerus,

m.,

number, numbers,

OCto, indeclinable adj., eight.

company, contingent, class; amount October, -bris, -bre, of October, (66). quorum in numero, among oculus, -i, m., eye.

whom.
Numidae, -arum,
-with

officium,
m., the

-i,

.,

duty,

task;

respect

Numidians;

(130-

adj.

force,
adv.,

numquam,

never,

Numidian (117). olim, adv., once upon a time, once, at one time, on one occasion, one non numday, one time.

quam, sometimes

(63).

nunc, adv., now, to-day. nuntio, I, announce, report, word; with dat., inform.
nuntius,
-i,

omnino, adv., altogether, entirely. send omnis, -is, -e, all, every; whole, the whole (of), all (of); any (113, 129).
envoy,

m.,

messenger,

As noun, masc.
everybody, they

pi., all,
all;

every one,
(those)
all

herald; news, information, message. nuper, adv., lately, just before.

Ob, prep, with ace., on account
also

all

(118);

neut.

pi.,

everything,

of.

See

the (those) things, every expedient (120), all sorts of things (123).

causa and
3,

res.

See also locus and

scio.

Oblmscor,
Obscurus,

oblitus

sum,

forget;

oneraria, -ae, /, transport, merchant

vessel.

with gen., be forgetful (of).

-a,

-um, dim; lowly (79).

onustus,

-a,

-um, laden, loaded,

FIRST LATIN
opera, -ae, /, services;

READER
frankly, freely, boldly ; with no of secrecy (126).

225
show

cooperation
108).

(135);
also do.

attention

(91,

See

palus, -udis, /, swamp, -marsh, glade.

oppidani, -orum,

townsmen,
one's) town.

townspeople, of inhabitants (the,

m.,

pando,

3, pandi, passus, spread. Partic. as adj., passus, -a, -um, full spread (sails), outstretched (hands). 3,

oppidum,

-i,

n.,

opportunus,

-a,

town, city. -um, auspicious, favor-

parco,

peperci, with dat., be merci-

ful (to),

have pity (on), have mercy

able, opportune.

(upon), spare.
pareo,
2, -ui, obey, comply; with dat., give heed (to), obey, respond (to);

opprimo, 3, -pressi, -pressus, crush, overwhelm; catch (139).

Oppugnatio, -onis, /, siege, attack,
assault;

be in subjection (to) (140).

pario,
3,
i,

(the) attacking (122).

i,

peperi, partus, win, gain.

Oppugno,

attack,

assail,

besiege,

paro,

press the siege (140). optimus, -a, -um, see bonus,

beset, invest;

prepare, get ready, preparations for (51); fit out,

ready, put in order;

make make

with

infin.,

opus, -eris, n., work, task; (earth) work. PL, fortifications, defenses,
(siege) works,

prepare, make preparations, plan. Partic. as adj., paratus, -a, -um, in

readiness, ready. pars, partis,/, part, proportion, division, section,

opus

est, there

is

need (46).
Sratio,
-onis,
f.,

speech,

argument,

remnant; quarter,

di-

representations, remarks, words.

orbis,
-is,

rection, side. PL, role( 131).

ab ea

m., circle.

See also con-

parte, in that quarter, on that side;

sisto.

ex omnibus partibus, on
in

all sides;

or do, -inis, m., (regular) order; rank,

class;

omnis partes,

in every direction;

command,

position (63).

PI.,

ranks (107, 125); centurions (127).

6ro,
i,

in altera parte ... in altera, on the one hand ... on the other; in

beg.
3,

ostendo,

ostendi, ostentus, display,

utramque partem, pro and con (103); nullam in partem, no (sign

be made) one way or the other (119);

disclose, show, point out, set forth; impart (the) information (133). se

ostendere, appear, show one's

self.

quascumque in partes, whithersoever; una ex parte, on one side.

Parthi, -drum, m., the Parthians.

otiosus, -a, -um, at leisure, off duty; quiet (33).

P., abbreviation

parvus,

-a,

weak
paco,
adj.,
i,

(force),

-um, small, little, scant; low (hill). Compar.,

less,

of Publius, -ll, m. reduce to order. Partic. as

-a,

minor,

-or, -us,
;

of no grtat
;

size (85)

lighter (shock)
,

pacatus,

-um,

subdued,

(68).

SuperI

minimus,

-a,

younger -um,

submissive.

PaelJgnus,

-i,

m., see Fabius.

passus, -us, m., pace.

passus,
-a,

very small, (but) the slightest (91). Sr e mille.

p&ene, adv., almost.

palam,

adv.,

openly,

in

full

view;

patefacio,

-um, see pando and parlor. -feel, -factus, throw 3,

226
open ;
adj.,

FIRST LATIN READER

disclose, divulge.
-a,

Partic. as

percutio,
strike

3,

-cussi,

-cussus, strike,

patefactus,

-um, open (64).

down.
3,

pater, -tris, m., father.

patior, 3, passus
suffer;

perduco,

-duxi, -ductus, conduct.

sum, allow, permit,

Pass., be protracted, last (129).

endure, bear, suffer.

peregrinus,
pereo,
life,

-i,

m., foreigner.

patria, -ae, /, fatherland, country; ancestral domain (75), rightful

-ire, -ii, perish, die, lose

(one's)

be killed,
3,

fall.

country (93). pauci, -ae, -a, few, a few (of), the few. As masc. noun, a few, a mere handful, (only) a few (45); neut., a few
(things, words, questions).

perficio,
finish,

-feci,

-fectus, complete,

carry

to

completion,

carry

out;

do, perform;

construct, build.

perfidia, -ae,/, treachery, treason.

paulatim,

adv., slowly,

by slow depauld

perfuga, -ae, c., renegade, traitor; with adj. force, deserting (123).
perfugi5,
3,

grees, gradually.

-fugi, desert, flee; withaA.

paulo, adv., a
ante, a
before, a

little,

somewhat,

and ace.,

take refuge (with) (ill).

little

little

before (earlier), shortly while before; a little

; paulo post, a little afterward, a short time

periculosus, -a, -um, perilous, beset with dangers.

while ago (69)

later, shortly

periculum,
crisis

-1, n.,

danger,

peril, risk;

afterward.

(104), dangerous state (,112). perlego, 3, -legi, -lectus, read through.

paulum,
little

adv.,

little,

little

way, a
short

permotus,

-a,

-um, partic. as

adj.,

(short)

distance;

startled, surprised,

taken aback, con-

time.

pax, pacis,/, peace, state of peace. Pecsuot, -Otis, m., the name of an Indian killed by Miles Standish.
pecunia, -ae, /, money, funds; pay See also solvo. (94), bribe (94).
pades,
-itis,

fused; stirred (up), alarmed, shaken, worried, concerned; incensed (66),

inspired (83),

shamed (120).
-a,

perpauci, -ae,
few.

very few, a very

m., foot soldier.

PL,

in-

perpetuus, -a, -um, everlasting, ever troublesome (139). in perpetuum

(as neut, noun}, for all time (108).

fantry, footmen, foot soldiers.

pedetemptim,
little,

adv., gradually, little by

perrump5,
persevere,

warily, slowly.
t

3, -rupi, -ruptus, break through, break down, destroy.

i,

peditatus, -us, m. foot soldiery, infantry, foot, foot soldiers,

-avi,

-atum

est, persist,

footmen; force

of infantry (138).

remain firm; with in/in., continue (to do a thing), persist (in doing a
thing).

Pennsylvania, -ae,/, Pennsylvania.

per,/r*?/. with ace.; (of space} through, across, over, along; around in (the
grass),

persuadeo, with dat.,

2,

-suasi,
it

-suasum

est,

make

agreeable (to),

on

(the sea);
for;

(of time}

through,

(agency) through " " " (translatedfreely from or by ")

.

persuade, induce. perterritus, -a, -um, partic. as adj.,

terrified,

thoroughly frightened, in
panic-stricken,

See also simulatio and tenebrae.

great

fear,

thrown

FIRST LATIN
into a panic, in terror, scared out of

READER
-is,

227

pirata, -ae, m., pirate, robber.

piscis,

(one's) wits; in their terror (129).

m.,

fish.

pertinacia, -ae, /, obstinacy, persistence.

pertined, 2, -tinui, with ad and ace., be not far from (129) have a bearing upon, be of importance for (140).
;

plane, adv., clearly,

utterly.

full

well;

fully,

planities, -ei,/, plain, level ground.

plerique, pleraeque, pleraque, most As masc. noun, of, the majority of.
the majority, the most part, nearly
all.

perturbo,
concert.

I,

throw into confusion,

dis-

pervenio,
rive,

4, -veni,

-ventum

est, ar-

pluriml, -ae,

-a,

see multus.

come, venture, make (one's)

:

plurimum,
Pocahonta,

see

multum.
see multus.

way
in

with ad

and ace.,
reach;

reach, arrive
:

plus, pluris,

n.,

(at);

be reduced (to) (125)

ace.,

with

-ae,

/, the name of an
cup.

and

effect

an en-

Indian princess.

trance (into)

pervenire in (85). potestatem, with gen., surrender

(to).

poculum,

-i,

.,

poena, -ae, /, penalty. and repeto.

polliceor, 2, pollicitus agree, declare (89)

See also do

pes, pedis, m., foot.

See also captus

Poeni, -drum, m., the Carthaginians.

(under capio).

sum, promise,
;

pessimus,
petd,

-a,

3, -ivi,

-um, see malus. -itus, look for, seek

offer,

ask,

offer of.

bene

polliceri,

make make fair

ask

for,

sire, try to

beg, sue for (peace) ; deget; get, find, secure:

;

hunt for, make for (128, 139) down (133); attack (131): with Pompeiani, -orum, m., the Pompeians ab and abl., request (132). (i.e. adherents of Pompey).

head

promises (135). Pollux, -ucis, m., the name of a god worshiped by the Romans.

Petreius,

-ei,

commanding officer
defeated Catiline.

m., (Marcus) Petreius, of the army that

Pompeius, -ei, m. (i) Gnaeus Pompey, the opponent of Caesar in the civil war; (2) Gnaeus Pompey, an in;

Petrosidius, -di, m., (Lucius) Petrosidius, a standard bearer in Caesar's

terpreter attached to Caesar's in Gaul; (3) Pompey, a slave

army name

army

in Gaul.

(99).

Philadelphia, -ae,/, Philadelphia.

Philippus, -i, m., (King) Philip, an Indian chief.

Pomptinus, -i,
lieutenant to

/.,

(Gaius) Pomptinus,

Marcus Cicero,

pond,
in

3,

Philomelium,
city of

-li,

n.,

the

name

of a

station, fix;

posui, positus, place, put, with establish, build

:

Asia Minor.

and

abl.,

stake

(upon)
-a,

(112).

pflum, -I, ., javelin. Pindenissus (or -um), -i, m. or n., the name of a city of Asia Minor.
Pinta, -ae,/, the

Partic.
located,

as adj., positus,
situated,

-um,

castra ponere,
the

encamp, pitch camp.

Pontiac, -acis, Indian chief.
;;/.,

name

of one of the

name

of an

ships of Columbus.

228
populus,

FIRST LATIN READER

praemitto, 3, -misi, -missus, send ahead, send forward.

-1, m., people (i.e. nation). porrigS, 3, -rexi, -rectus, hold out, stretch out; display. Porsinna, -ae, m., the name of a king

praemium,

n., reward, present, -I, bonus, largess; bribe (71).

of Etruria.

porta, -ae,yC, gate, door.porto,

i,

carry, bring;

accommodate

praeoccupo, i, forestall, anticipate; reach first (125). praepono, 3, -posui, -positus, with
dat., put in charge (of). praesens, -entis, see praesum.

(90.
portus, -us, m., harbor, bay, port. possum, posse, potui, be able (can,
etc.).

praesertim, adv., especially.

praesidium,
See
escort;

-i,

n.,

garrison, guard,

post, adv., after, afterward, later.

also

paulo and postquam.

guard (ing) (138). praesto, i, -stiti, -stitus, show, exhibit,

post, prep, -with ace., after, later than; behind. See also tergum.

manifest,

display;

perform
be

(105); guarantee (107).

postea, adv., afterward,

after.

later, there-

praesum,
in

-esse, -fui,
;

be

in charge,

(posterus),

-a,

-um, next, following.

command -with dat., be in charge Partic. (of), be in command (of).

;

As noun,

poster!, -drum, m., de-

praesens, -entis, present (135)

adj., instant (death).

as

scendants, posterity. postquam or post

.

quam,

conj.,

praeter, prep, with

ace., by, past,

be-

after,

when; when
adv.,

at length

(64),

yond.
praeterea, adv., besides, furthermore,
in addition.

as soon as (82).

postremd,

finally,

at

last,

at

length, in the end.

praetereo,

postridie, adv., the next day, on the following day. postridie eius diei,
'

-ire, -ii, -itus, pass by; perf. tense, be past, be gone (131). 3,

praetervehor,
past.

-vectus

sum,

sail

on the following day (123). postulo, i, demand, require, ask.

potestas, -atis,/, power, control, possession;

praetorius,

-a, -um, of the mander; see cohors.

3, pressi,

com-

opportunity

(109,

121).

premS,

pressus, press hard,

See also pervenio.

potior, 4, -itus
get,

harass, beset.
abl., gain,

sum, with
capture,

pridem, see iam.

pridie, adv. (sometimes as prep, with an ace.}, (on) the day before.

secure;

gather

in

(117), get (take) possession of; oc-

cupy (129).
praeda, -ae,yC, plunder, booty,
prize.

primS,
n.,

adv., at

first,

at the outset, in

the beginning.

praedium,
praefectus,

-I,

estate,

plantation,

primum,
(conj.~)

adv.,

first.

See also

cum

ranch, farm.
-i,

and ubi
-um,

(conj.}.
first,

m.,

commander; cap- primus,

general
(123),

-a,

chief, foremost,
of,

tain (70, 74,

81),

leading; the beginning

part of;
early,

the

first

officer (70, 125),

governor (4).

earliest;

the very

FIRST LATIN READER

.(88).

229

in primis (as masc. noun}, See also in the front rank (136). acies, agmen, and lux.
-ipis,

proicio, 3, -ieci, -iectus,

hurl

throw (out), throw over (98) ; lay down

Pass., fall forward (130).
3,

(arms).
prolabor,
slip

prmceps,
PI., chief

m.,

chief

citizen.

-lapsus sum,
(57).
-i,

fall

forward,

men, leading men.

down

Prissilla, -ae,/, Priscilla.

promunturium,
;

n.,

promontory,

pristinus, -a, -um, former, old-time

cape.

past (133).
prius, adv.,
first,

pronuntio,
previously.

I,

announce,

make

an-

nouncement.
after

priusquam,

conj.,

before;

prope, adv., near, near by.

rather

Compar.,
ace.,

negative, until (88, 109).

near, quite near, very near,

pro, prep, with abL, in return for, instead of; as, for (10, 16, 83);
for, in

too near; as prep, with

quite

behalf
;

35,61,63)
probo,
I,

of, in defense of (14, before, in front of (107).

near to (107). prope, prep, with

by, in the

ace., near, close to,

of.

neighborhood
-avi,
;

approve.
far, far
;

properS,
away, remote, at
distance
(94,

i,

-atum
with

est, hasten,
infin.,

procul, adv., a distance

in

the

hurry, scurry haste (78).

make

from a distance (87, 125). procul, at no great distance, near at hand, near by.
113);

baud

propinquus, -a, -um, near-by, near. As noun, propinqui, -drum, m.,

relatives.

procurro, 3,-cucurri or -curri, -cursum est, run forward, charge.

propono,

3,

-posui, -positus, set forth,

explain.

prSdo,

3,

-didi, -ditus, betray;

dis-

close (52).

propter, prep, with ace., on account of, because of; through (fear).

producS,

3, -duxi, -ductus, bring out, lead out, (cause to) march out.
-I,

prosper (or -erus),

(fortune, luck).

-era,

-erum, good

proelium,

n., battle, fight, fighting,

;

prospicio,
forth,

3,

-spexi, (-spectus), look

(scene of) battle

battle (in

the

look out.
straight

open) (122).

See also committo

and

desisto.

prStinus, adv., with (129).

on

forth-

profectio, -5nis,/, departure.

proficiscor, 3, profectus

sum,

set out,

provideo, termine
(136).

2, -vidi,
;

-visus, fo*resee, deafter,

look

look out for

set forth, start, start off, start out,

proceed
(62).

depart

(27),

slip

away provincia,

-ae,

/, province, colony,

territory, district.
3,

progredior,
progress,

-gressus sum, advance, proximus,

-a,

-um, next, nearest, ad;

move

proceed, move forward, on, take up (the) march, go

joining, neighboring, near-by

next,

following,

next

succeeding

that

forward, go ahead; go forth (75); march, travel; sail, coast; push out
(2), venture (3, 6).

(night) (119).

Prusia (or -as),

-ae, m., the

name

of

a king of Bithynia.

230
publicus,
(1.12).
-a,

FIRST LATIN
-urn,

READER
3,

public,

official

queror,

See also
girl,

res.

qui, quae, quod, rel. pron.,

(gen.,

questus sum, complain. who, which

puella, -ae,/,

maiden, maid.
;

whose).
masc.

With
pi.,

antecedent

puer,

-eri,

m., boy, lad

slave (133).

implied :
1

(some)

who,

See also magister.

pueritia, -ae,/l, boyhood, childhood,

(people) who, (those)

20, 129, 140)
;

who

(90, 93,

neut. sing., (a thing)

pugna, -ae,/, battle, pugno, i, -a vi, -a turn est, fight, war; keep up (the) fight (106).
pulcher, -chra, -chrum, beautiful,
pretty,
(2, 98).
fair,

which (37), (one) which (131); neut. pi., (the things) which (no). At the beginning of a sentence : as
noun, who, which, he, she,
they, these;
it,

this,

charming;
-eris,

splendid,

fine,

neut., this thing, these

things, this: as adj., which, what,

pulvis,

m.,

dust

(90,

118);

this.

When

powder.
puto,
I,

strative

pronoun

a personal o>' demonis used to render a

think, believe.

relative, it is often desirable to sup-

Q., abbreviation

0/Quintus,
n.,

-i,

m.

" and," ply a conjunction^ such as also For See modus. "but,"^f.)
the

quadriduum,
quaero,
3,

-i,

four days, a period

corresponding
,

(space) of four days.

indej. pron.

interrog. see quis.

and

quaesivi, quaesitus, seek,

secure,

search, look for, hunt for;

quidam, quaedam, quoddam (quiddam), a certain; a (3); a sort of

(137).
of. PI.,

get, find, recover; ask, inquire (122).

some,

certairj,

certain

quaestus, -us,

;//.,

profit, gain.

quam,

conj. and adv., than, rather //., than; with the superl. of adjs. and quidem, adv., indeed; at any rate (93).

As masc. noun, a certain one; certain, some (people).

. . .

advs., as

...

as possible.

See also ne
quiesco,
3,

quidem.

quamquam,

conj.,

although.

quievi, (quietus), rest, re-

quando, adv., see si. quantus, -a, -um, how great; what, what a. As noun, quantum, -i, n.,

pose;

somno

qum
ter
(

(one's) nap (71). quiescere, be sunk in sleep. etiam, indeed, in fact, as a mat-

take

how much?
quare,
conj.,

See also tantus.

therefore,

of

fact,

nay more, even; why

.

wherefore,

not interrog. )
-ti,

(and) accordingly, (and) so, (and) because of which, consequently

;

Quinctius,

m., see

Flaminmus.

on which account, (and) on this account, as a consequence of which;

whereat, whereupon.

quindecim, indeclinable adj., fifteen. quinquagesimus, -a, -um, fiftieth.

qulnquaginta, indeclinable
quinque, indeclinable
adj., fifty.

adj., five.

quartus, -a, -um, fourth. quasi, conj., with partic., as

Quintus,
if,

-i,

m., Quintus.

pre-

(quis) qui, quae, (quid) quod, indef.

tending (to). quattuor, indeclinable adj., four.

-que, conj., and;

pron., any one, any,

si).

etc. (see

ne and

and (so) (139).

(quis) qui, quae, (quid) quod, in-

FIRST LATIN READER

terrog.

231
retire, return,
fall

pron.,

who

what?

(the

draw, retreat,

go back,

latter, both

noun and adj.}.

,

march back,

quisquam,
clauses,

quicquam, in negative nee refuge (in) (115). any one, anything. quisquam, and no one; nee quic- recuso, i, object to, shrink from (15). nothing. quam, and
.
. .

back; march, proceed (117); with in and ace., take

reject;

shun,

quisque, quaeque, quodque

(quid-

redeo,

que)

adj., each, every;

noun, each

back, get back,

(man) (120).
quivis, quaevis, quodvis (quidvis)
adj.,
:

any whatsoever; noun, any one whatsoever, anything whatsoever

'

est, return, come make (one's) way back, go back; come again (125); with ad and ace., be reduced (to) (112). domum redire, arrive home
-Ire, -ii,

-itum

(5).

(77).

redintegro,
reduco,
3,

i,

renew.

quo, adv., whither, to which place; to

-duxi, -ductus, lead back,

which, into which

to the place to

conduct

back,

withdraw, remove

which (118);

thither, there.

quo, con/., in order that, so that. quod, conj., because, since, as, because
of the fact that;
that (60, 100)
;

(122), bring back, carryback, take back, pull back; bring (123); with

ad and ace.,
refero,
-ferre,

restore (to) (93).

rettuli,

on the ground that;

as for the fact that

-latus, carry

(back); repay (favor).

refugio,
3,

-fugi, flee for protection;

quondam,
at

retire in haste (129). gone by, one time, on one occasion, one regina, -ae,/, queen.

adv., once, in days

time; previously (33).

regio, -6nis,
as.

/;

sing,

and

pi.,

region,

quoniam,
well;

conj., since,

inasmuch

territory, district,

locality, country,

quoque, adv.
even.

and

conj., also, too, as

neighborhood.

quotiens, conj,, as often

as.

regnum, -I, dom, realm.

regredior,
3,

.,

sway, control; king-

See also obtineo.

-gressus sum, return,

ramus,

-I,

m., branch.

withdraw.
religio, -onis, f., religion,
belief,

rapio, 3, rapui, raptus, seize, catch, catch up, snatch away; carry away,
steal,

(religious)
religious

religious

system;

plunder (38).

rarus, -a, -um, (in pi.}, scattered, far apart, few.

ratio, -onis,/,

considerations (131). religo, i, fasten, bind.

relinquo,
3, -liqui, -lictus,

leave, leave
set
sail

manner, way.

behind,

abandon;
raise

leave,
:

-um, see reor. Rebilus, -I, m., see Caninius.

ratus,
-a,

from;
(116).

leave, allow (siege) Partic. as adj., relictus, -a,

recipio, 3, -cepi, -ceptus, receive, ad-

-um, remaining (88). mit, harbor (140); regain, recover, reliquiae, -arum,/, remnants. retake, in navigium recipere, get reliquus, -a, -um, the rest of, the re(take) on board se recipere, withmaining. PI., the other, other, the
:

23 2

FIRST LATIN

READER
in very truth;

remaining, the rest of; the following (109); as noun, the others,
those remaining, the remnant, the remainder, the rest, reliquus esse,

ingly; res gestae, exploits; re vera, res novae, insurrection, revolution (25);

res publica,

commonwealth,
try

state, (one's)

coun-

remain (115, 125). remitto, 3, -misi, -missus, send back;

be
left,

(60).

See also committo and

gero.
resists, 3, -stiti,-stitum est, with dot.

subtract (114).
reor,
2,

ratus sum,

expect

(136).

case,

if any,

resist,

offer resistance,

Partic., ratus, -a,

lieving.

-um, thinking, beof a

oppose,

repente, adv., suddenly, sudden.

(all)

opposition; hold (one's) own, stand (one's) ground, make a stand (136); go (against),

make

hold

out

(against),

hold (one's)

repentmus,
pected.
reperio, 4, discover.

-a,

-um, sudden, unex-

ground (against).
responded,
2,

-spondi,

-sponsum

est,

repperi,

repertus,

find,

answer, reply;

make answer, send

.,

answer; declare.
(lit.

repeto,

3,

-petivi, -petitus, exact

responsum,
retineo,

-I,

answer, reply.
-tentus, hold back;

demand back), poenas repetere, with ab and abl., discipline, punish.

reporto,
carry ba^k, bring back. repperi, see reperio.
I,

2, -tinui,

down (91); keep (101); maintain, hold fast to (113); save

hold
(133).
rettuli, see refero.

reprimo,

3,

-pressi, -pressus,

stop,

suppress, check.
res, rei,/, thing, things, action; affair,

revoco,

I,

recall, call

back,

business,

circumstance,

fact,

hap-

rex, regis, m., king, chief, ruler. Rhenus, -i, m., the ancient name of

pening, matter, matters; act (121), casualty (106), concession '(50),

the Rhine.
rideo, 2, risi,

(risus), laugh,

smile,

development
the
fighting

(103);
(129,

engagement,
136);

ripa, -ae, /, (river) bank,

river).

bank (of

errand

(42), incident (88), issue (72), observation (48), occur(14),

event

rivus,

-i,

m., stream;

brook (82).

rogo,

I,

ask, beg, request.

rence (71), performance (58), plan

(94), point (129), proceeding (69),
result

(99), situation (108, 114), transaction (118), turn (of events) 125), undertaking (40), venture (100). PI., business (139),
(92,

Roma, -ae, /, Rome. Romanus, -a, -um, Roman. As noun, Roman!, -orum, m., the Romans.
See also
Rufus,
-i,

vir.

m., see Marcius.

rursus, adv., again, in turn, once more.

cause (126), demonstration (121), nu-ans (127), things, appliances

(122).
cases,

Sabmus,
war.
i

-I,

m.,

(Quintus) Sabinus,

haec res or quae res (all

sing,

lieutenant to Caesar in the Gallic

and

pi.},

this;
so,

quam
accord-

Ob rem, wherefore, and

Saburra, -ae,

tn.,

the

name

of a gen-

FIRST LATIN READER

eral in the

233
scriptus,
write;

army of the African king

c.,

scribo,

3,

scrips!,

Juba.

state (114).
priest, priestess;
se, sese, see sui.

sacerdos, -otis,

medicine man; minister (97).

saepe, adv., often, ofttimes, on
occasions,

secundum, prep, with

(131
).

ace.,

along,
;

many secundus, -a ,-um, following

See also flumen.
-is,

favorable

many

times, frequently,

repeatedly.

Compar., over and over

securis,

/,

battle-ax,

ax,

toma-

again (87), repeatedly (122).

saevitia, -ae, /, brutality, roughness,

hawk.
secutus,
-a,

-um, see sequor.

savagery, barbarity, bloodthirstiness. sagitta, -ae,/, arrow.

sed, conj., but; resuming, now (136). sedecim, indeclinable adj., sixteen.

sagum,
salto,
i,

-i,

n.,

cloak.

sedeo,
seat,

2,
sit.

sedi,

sessum

est,

take a

saltern, adv., at least, at any rate.

-avi,

-atum

est, dance.

sedes, -is,/, seat (of war) (82).

location,
tat (66).

PI.,

salus, -utis,/, safety, well-being (91) ; salvation, escape, saving the day

abode (65)

district,

habi-

(125);

life,

lives

(50,

72,

130).

semel,

saluti esse, with a second dat., save,

prove the salvation (of), save the

once, semel atque adv., iterum or semel iterumque, time and again, several times.

semper, adv., always, ever, at all day (for; (63). times. Samarobriva, -ae, /, the name of a Sempronia, -ae, /, the name of a city of northern Gaul. woman implicated in the conspiracy Sanga, -ae, m., see Fabius. of Catiline, Santa (-ae) Maria, -ae, /, the name of one of the ships of Columbus. senatus, -us, m., Parliament (34, 35);
Saratoga, -ae,/, Saratoga.
satis, adv., sufficiently,

Congress (39, 43, 44);

Congress (44)
;

session of

rather
scio.

(58), very (56).

enough; quite, See also

(the

Roman)

senate

(42, 132, 134, 137).

senex, senis, m., old man; with adj.

force, aged,

Savanna, -ae,/, Savannah. saxum, -i, n., rock, cliff.

scapha, -ae, /,
boat.
skiff,

sententia,

-ae,

/, view, sentiment,

open

boat, row-

opinion, suggestion,
sentio, 4, sensi, sensus, realize,

know,

sceleratus, -a, -um, rascally, wicked,

villainous.
scilicet,

feel; see, perceive, notice; find (96).

septem, indeclinable
be sure,

adj., seven.

adv., of course, to

September,
septimus,

-bris, -bre, of

naturally;

evidently (133).
scitus,

-a,

September. -um, seventh, septififty-seventh.

scio, 4, scivi,

stand, nec satis scire,

know, underand be some-

mus qumquagesimus,
septuagesimus,
-a,

-um, seventieth.
'.,

what
scire,

undecided

know

all

omnia (104); (about the subject)

septuaginta, indeclinable adj seventy.

(30-

Sepyra, -ae, /, the name of a small town of Asia Minor.

234
sequor,
servo,
3,

FIRST LATIN
secutus sum, follow,
ve-

READER

stigiis sequi, follow the trail (61).

i,

singuli, -ae, -a, one at a time, one by one, isolated (66).

socius, -a, -um, allied (137).
socius,
(98).
-i,

save, rescue, preserve, keep.

As noun,
partici-

servus,

-i,

m., slave;

helper (74).

m., ally, assistant, partner

allies,

sex, indeclinable adj., six. sexaginta, indeclinable adj., sixty. Sextilis, -is, -e, of August.
si,

PL,

friends;

pants (135); friendly natives (140). soled, 2, solitus sum, be accustomed,

conj.,

if,

in case;

if

perchance,

be wont, be

apt,
;

be

in the habit (of

on the chance
(to see) if
(1

that, in the

21).
;

si

hope that; modo, if only,

doing a thing)
tenses,

imperf.

and

perf.

used.

Translated

imper-

if at any sonally, be (one's) wont, be (one's) custom. qui (noun}, if any; si quid novi, if anything new. sSlum, adv., only, non solum but also. sed etiam, not only sic, adv., thus, so, in this manner, in

provided (that)

si

quando,

time, whenever;

si

this

way, through (by) this means;

solus, -a, -um, alone, in solitude;

un-

in such

away

(54, 133).

aided,

single-handed;

in

single

sica, -ae,/, dagger.

ccmbaf (72).
solvo,
3, solvi,

Sicilia, -ae,/, Sicily.

solutus, unfetter (91)

Siculus,
sicut,

-i,

m., (a) Sicilian.

pay (debt),
watch-

navem

(-es) solvere,

>/., just as; thus, for example.

-i,

cast off, set sail;

pecuniam

solvere,

signum,
ards.

n.,

sign, signal;

defray expense (89).

word, countersign (99).

silentium,
(86)
.

PI., stand-

SOmnus,
sonus,
-i,

-i,

m., sleep, slumber, nap.

See also do.

n., silence, quietness -i, Abl. as adv., silentio, silently,

m., sound, noise.

sopitus,

-a,

in silence.

spatium,

-i,

-um, partic. as adj., asleep. n., space, room; period

/, show, display, parade, ad speciem, as a
lie.

silva,

-ae,

/,

forest,

woods, wood,
with

(120), respite (129).

species,
-ei,

grove.
similis,
-is,

-e,

similar;

dat.,

similar (to), resembling, like. simul, adv., at the same time, simultaneously; at one and the same

pretense, guise, blind (122).

specto,

i,

-avi, (-atus),look, verge,

i,

speculor,

spy, view.

time (105, 136).

simul atque,

as

sperno,

3,

sprevi, spretus, scorn, disfor.

soon as (124); simul cum, together

with (139).
simulatio, -onis, /, pretense, show.

regard.

spero,

i,

hope, hope

exspes, -ei,/, hope, reliance (125);

per simulationem, under pretense

(122).

pectation (128), anticipation (135)

chance (125), prospect

pretend, make believe, make
;

126),

prompil-

dmulo,
it

I,

ise

(in).
i,

appear (49) sine, prep, with

also

affect,
abl.,

pretend (135). without. See

spolio,

spoil,

plunder, despoil,
(81, 92, 98).

lage; prey

upon

mora and timor.

spretus,

-a,

-um, see sperno.

FIRST LATIN READER

Spurinna,
-ae, m., the

235

name of a

priest

cure, get;

swallow (133); put on

over

who

predicted the death of Julius Caesar.

(100).

super, prep, with

Standisius,

-si,

m. (Miles) Standish.
t

ace., above, (72); upon, on top of (56).

statim, adv., at once, immediately, indelay, stantly, promptly, without

superbia, -ae, /, haughtiness, arrogance.

superior, -ior, -ius, superior, stronger;

without parley (71)

outset (120).

at

the very

higher (130); past, former, earlier,

previous.
Superl., supremus, -a, -um, supreme, and summus, -a, -um, greatest, very great, great; the

statuo,

up (35); decide, determine, make up (one's)

3,
-I, ., pay. see facio.

statui, statutus, set

mind.

stipendium,
service;

Pl. t military

top of
(speed),

(86)
all

(speed),

acute (crisis) ; full the top of

sto, I, steti, stand,

be stationed; ride

(at anchor);

stand, stop, halt (85).

active,

est,

(one's speed); grave (peril), hardheaviest (work), hearty (ap-

strenuus,
sturdy.

-a,

-um,

energetic,

proval),

(commander)

in chief,

most

distressing (scarcity),

most splendid

strepitus, -us, m., bustle, noise, confusion.

(valor\ pressing (need), severest (hardship), utmost (daring), utter

(despair, lawlessness).

sub, prep, "with abl., under, beneath; with ace., toward.

subito, adv., suddenly, unexpectedly,
'

supero,

i,

surpass, excel, prevail (104);

defeat, overcome, outdo, worst, beat.

without warning.
-a,

supinus,
tollo.

-a,

-um, on (one's) back,

sublatus,

-um, see

subsequor,

3,

-secutus

sum, follow

upon (one's) back, face upward; placed flat on (one's) back (94).
supra, adv., above.

rapidly; follow (124).

subsidium,
ment,

-i,

relief,

support, reenforceSee also venio. help.

n.,

supremus,
surgo,
3,

-a, -um, see superior. surrexi, surrectum est, rise

sui, sibi, himself,

itself,
it
;

him;

herself, her;

up, arise, rise.

also:

See themselves, them. se with confer5, coniungo,

demitto, do,
gero,

suscipid,

3, -cepi,

-ceptus, undertake.
adj.,

suspensus,
anxious.

-a,

-um, partic. as

habeo, ostendd, recipio, tego, and teneS: inter se with ago, cohortor, and
dedo,

suspicio, -onis, /, suspicion; impression (127).

concurro

sum,

esse,

fui,

secum with habeS. be, become (in),

happen (127). auxilium, salus, and
;

suspicor, sustined,
sustain,

i,

suspect, think.
-tinui, -tentus, withstand,

2,

prove to be; remain, stop (137);

stand, be located

break the force of (118);

See
usus.

also

stay (hunger). sustuli, see tol!5.

summus,
sumo,
3,

-a,

-um, see superior.

suus, -a, -um, his, of his, her, their, of theirs ; his own, her own, etc.

sumpsi, sumptus, take, pro-

As noun,

sui,

-orum, m. t his

men

236

FIRST LATIN READER

;

(followers, following, forces, force)

their

telum,

-I,

n., missile,

weapon;

shaft

men

(followers)
their

his

own
lines

shot, bullet.

people
(121).

(16);

own

83,

92).

PL, ammunition (59, See also inmitto and

hastily, incau-

interficio.
n.,

Synnada, -drum,
city of

the

name of a temere,

adv.,

rashly,

Asia Minor.

tiously, lightly (82).

Syria, -ae,/., the of Asia.

name

of a country

temeritas, -atis,/., rashness, rash action, hasty act,

incautiousness,

folly.

tempestas, -atis,/, storm.

T., abbreviation of Titus,
-I,

m.

templum,
tempus,

-i,

n.,

temple (71); church.

.,

tabernaculum,

-I, ;/.,

tent,

wigwam.

-oris,

time, period, season,

tacitus, -a, -um, partic. as adj., silent, motionless; quiet, in silence.

occasion,

hour

(100);
.PI.,

circumtimes;

stances

(139).

days,

Taeconderoga,

-ae,

/, Ticonderoga.
Tallapoosa,

ages (45).

Tallapusa, -ae, m., river of Alabama.

tarn, adv., so.

tenebrae, -arum,

darkness, per f., tenebras, in the darkness (gloom).

2,

teneo,
conj.,

-ui,

hold, occupy, garrison;

tamen, adv. and

however, but,
still,

nevertheless, notwithstanding,

have (128); keep to (139). memoria tenere, remember. (34); se

tenere, remain constantly (133).

nec tamen, and yet ... not.

tantopere, adv., so greatly.

tantum,
tantus,
such,

adv., merely, only, but.

-a,

tergum, -i, n., back, post tergum, in the

verto.

rear.

a tergo and See also

coun-

-um, so great, so large, such great, such large ; so base, such base (41), so grievous (34), so remarkable (no), so severe

terra, -ae, f., the earth, land;

try,

land, district; the ground; dirt,

earth

(no).
2,

(33), such (absolute) (86), such serious (134) overwhelming (134).

;

tened,

-ui,

-itus, frighten, intimi-

date, overawe, scare. Partic. as adj.,

quanto
.
.

tanto, (with two comthe

territus, -a,

-um, frightened, terror-

paratives)
.

...
.

the;
.

tantus

stricken, alarmed, abashed.

quantus, such

.as.

tertius, -a, -um, third.

tarde, adv., slowly, with little speed. Taurus, -I, m., the name of a moun-

Thraces, -um, m., the Thracians, a nation dwelling to the north of an-im), the

tain range of Asia Minor. cient Greece. Tebarani, -orum, m., the name of a Tiberis, -is, m. Tiber. people of Asia Minor.

(ace. sing.,

tectum,

-I,

n., roof; structure,

building.

Tillius,

-li,

m., (Lucius) Tillius (Cim-

Tecumsa,
tego,

-ae,

m.,

Tecumseh,

an

Indian chief.
3, texi,

ber), one of the murderers of Julius Caesar.

bury (64).

tectus, cover, conceal; se tegere, get under

timeo, 2, -ui, be afraid, fear, be apprehensive ; fear, be afraid of, be in

fear of.

FIRST LATIN
timor,
-oris, m., fear, apprehension, alarm, panic (117), demoralization (122). sine timore, with no thought

READER

237

triduum, -I, ., three days. triginta, indeclinable adj., thirty.

tu, tui, you;
tuli, see fero.

reflexive, yourself (14).

of danger, unconcerned.
tolero,
i,

keep at bay; tide over

set
:

(i 12).

Tullius,

-11,

m.,

(Lucius)

Tullius,

tollo, 3, sustuli, sublatus, raise,

put

lieutenant to Marcus Cicero.

up,

lift;

(anchor)
(139).

up (shout, cry); weigh, turn, adv., then, at that time, on that drive occasion, on this occasion; at the away dislodge,
(hope) be dispelled
Partic. as adj.,

Pass.,

(given up, gone).

time (28, 83); at such times (7); for th^ time being (122); now (139)

sublatus, -a, -um, puffed up (108).

tot, indeclinable adj., so

totus, -a,

many. -um, whole, the whole

handle, manage;

thereupon, whereupon; later (113) furthermore, in the second place

:

of,

(16, 114).

See also

cum

(conj.).

total, all, entire.

tumultus,

-us, m., alarm, confusion.

tracto,

i,

have on
in (40).

turma,

-ae,

/, company (of cavalry),

(one's) hands, be

ehgiged
pass

squadron.

(A turma enrolled about

(ace. sing,

trado,
der,

3, -didi,

-ditus, give up, surrenr

30 men.)
turris, -is,

hand
up

over,

over;

pass

/,

-im), tower.

(hand)

(86);

cede;

transfer

tuto, adv., safely,'in safety.

(91): assign (112);

impart (27):

tutus, -a, -um, safe; (place) of safety.

say (88), state (131). traditum est, it is related (stated, lit. handed

ubi, adv.; (interrogative}

ative)

where? (Rel-

down); the
traduco,
3,

story runs (88).

-duxi, -ductus, take across,

where; upon which (n), in which (33) ; beginning a new sentence,

bring across.
tragula, -ae,/, dart. trans, prep, with ace., across, over.
transeo,
over,
-ire,
-ii,

there,
(cf.

(and)

there,
is

(but)

there, etc.

what

said of the

translation of the relative qui).

ubi, conj., when,
first

-itus,

cross,

cross

come
i,

over,

go over;

come

occasion that, the

ubi primum, on the first time

over, desert (119).

that.

transports,
carry

take over, carry over;

ullus, -a,

away (91, 92). Trasumennus, -i, in., the name of a

lake of central Italy.
tres, tres, tria, three.

single (137).

-um, any; some (65); a ne ullus, that no; nee

.
. .

ullus,

and

no,

and

none.

ulterior, -ior, -ius, farther;

in some
70).
final.

proper

names,

South

(60,

Treveri, -drum, m., the name of a people of northern Gaul.

tribunus,
-i, in.

Super1., ultimus, -a, -urn, last, ultimus, -a, -um, see ulterior.
ultrd, adv., voluntarily, actually,

(with or without mi-

ultro

litum), captain (27), major (28), staff -offker (32); (military) tribune

citroque, back and forth, up

and
war-

down.
ululatus, -us, m.,
yell, cry, shriek,

(103 ff.). tributum, -i,

.,

tribute, tax.

whoop.

FIRST LATIN
Umbrenus,
nus, a
-I,

READER
purpose (of doing a thing), with the idea (of doing a thing) (rela:

m., (Publius)

Umbre-

freedman implicated in Cati-I,

line's conspiracy.

tive}, as; (just)

as (135)
:

(result}

umerus,

m., shoulder.
adv.,
ever,

so

that, that, as to

(substantive}
(131,

umquam,

neque

um-

that

(no): (temporal} when

quam, and
abl. t

never.

138).

una, adv., together,

along with, together with,

with, with;

una cum, with uterque, utraque, utrumque, each in As noun, (of two), either, both.
side by side

company
Uncas,

masc. sing., each, each

utl, see ut.

man

(of two)

with (83).
-ae, m., the

name

of an In-

Utica, -ae,/, the

city.

name

of an African

dian chief.

unde, adv., whence, from which, from utor, 3, usus sum, with abl., use, whence from thence (39). make use of, enjoy, have, employ,
;

undecimus,
teen.

-a,

-um, eleventh.
adj.,

have recourse
nine-

to,

have occasion to

undevigintl, indeclinable

use, bring into

play, put into ex-

undique, adv., on
ters,

all sides, in all

quarall

everywhere,

all

about, in
;

ecution: accept, profit by (129), depend upon (71); devote (109); give utterance to (92); keep up

directions, in every direction

from

every side, from

all sides,

from every
all,

quarter, from all quarters.

(127) ; stoop to (63) ; with a second use (have) (as) (129). uxor, -oris,/, wife ; squaw.
abl.,
. .
.

universi, -ae, -a,

all,

one and

in a

body.

unus,

-um, one, a single; (but) one "(125); the one, the single (126).
-a,

vagor, i, wander, drift. valetudo, -inis,/, health.

validus,
ful
;

-a,

-um, strong, hardy, power-

As noun, masc. sing., one (132). ad unum, to a man, to the last

man,
utterly.

large (army).

valles, -is, /, valley, glade.

urbs, urbis, /,

city;

the

city

(i.e.

vallum, ment.

-i,

.,

wall, rampart, intrench-

Rome) (42,45,86). usque, adv., even, usque ad, with ace., as far as, even to; until.
usus, -us, m., use, assistance, service
;

varius, -a, -um, varying, various, of various kinds.

Varus, -I, m., see Attius. Vasingto, -onis, m., (George) Washington.
-ve, conj., or;

experience

usui esse, (133). (freely}, be useful, be helpful, be

and (120).
adv., exceedingly

used; be needed, be needful (no, See also venio. 122, 123).

usus,
-a,

vectus,

-a,

-um, see veho.

vehementer,
deeply

much;

-um, see utor.

(causal} inasmuch as (purpose} to, in order to,
;

ut, utl, conj. ;

(94), earnestly (104 \ highly (139), zeal(42),

energetically

(126):

ously (135).

in order that, so that, that

for the

veho,

3,

vexi,

vectus, carry, bring,

FIRST LATIN READER

convey, ferry over.
tus, on horseback.
vel, conj.
Pass.,

239
terga

be car-

ried, proceed, sail, ride,

equo vec-

verto, 3, verti, versus, turn, vertere, wheel about.

vesper,

-eri

and

-eris,

m., evening,

sub vesperum, toward evening. See of advs., even (98) vel vel, vestigium, -i, n., track, mark. also insequor and sequor. and. either ... or, both
. .

and adv.; withsuperl.of adjs.

. .
. . .

velum,
vendo,

-I,

n. y sail.

See also do.

sell.

vestimentum,

-i,

n.,

garment.

PI.,

3,

vendidi, venditus,
-i,
.,

clothing, clothes, dress.

venenum,

poison.

vestis, -is,/!, clothing.

venia, -ae,/, pardon.

venio, 4, veni,

veteran!, -drum, m., veterans, veteran

est,

ventum

come,

soldiers, veteran troops.

proceed, march; arrive (126); draw near (i 18) ; with in and ace., arrive
(in).

vetus, -eris, adj., old-time, one-time.

via, -ae, /., route, road, way, highway,

auxilio

venire,

(freely)

track,

trail,
-i,

path; journey (126).

come come

to help; with a second dat., to the help (of) in deditio:

vicinus,

m., neighbor.

nem

venire, surrender;

in

manus

victoria, -ae,/, victory. victus, -a, -um, see vinco.

venire, with gen., fall into the hands subsidio venire, (freely'} (of)
:

vicus,

-i,

m., village, hamlet.

vidi, visus, see, view,

video,

2,

beof,

come
dat.,

to the rescue;

with a second
:

hold, observe, watch

sight; see, find,

come (go)

to the help (of )

catch sight discover (134).

;

pen

usu venire, be experienced, hap- videor, 2, visus sum, seem, appear. Used impersonally, videtur, seem (133) (usu is perhaps an
irregular dat. form}. i, hunt.
-i,

best (103).
vigilia, -ae,

venor,

ventus,

m., wind.

the night).
vigilo,
fear,
i,

/, watch (i.e. division of PL, wakefulness (104).

verbum,
vereor,

-i, n.,

word.

-avi,

-atum

est,
sit

2,

-itus

sum,

be

afraid.

be

alert,

be awake;

keep awake, up (39).

Partic.,

veritus, -a,

apprehensive;

apprehensive

-um, fearing, viginti, indeclinable adj., twenty. of, villa, -ae,/, farmhouse; farm (53).
vinco,
3, vici,

alarmed

at.

victus, defeat, conquer,

vero, conj., indeed, but, nevertheless, however, whereas ; in truth, as a

subdue, overcome, worst, beat, reParpulse; be victorious, prevail.

tic,

matter of

fact,

in

fact

moreover
a

as

adj.,

victus,

-a,

-um, de-

(27); and (29,42, 120).

feated, beaten.

Verres,

-is,

m.,

(Gaius) Verres,
of Sicily.

vinculum,
chains.
vir, viri,

-i,

n., chain.

PI., fetters,

(Roman) governor
versor,

be involved, be; I, about; bear a part (79). versus, see ad ... versus.
Vertico, -onis,
/.,

move

m., man, gentleman; husband (73). vir Britannicus, (an) Englishman; vir Rdmanus, (a)

the

name

of a Gaul

Roman
Virginia, -ae,/, Virginia.

friendly to the

Romans.

240

FIRST LATIN

READER
I,

virtus, -utis, /., valor, bravery, courage, grit; coolness (no).

vis,

VOCO,

call,

summon,
ius (45).

invite;

call,

name,
bring to

in

vocare,

prosecute,

,/, force (73), violence (131); vigor (136), (dead) earnest (136)

trial

VOlo, velle, volui, desire, wish, please;

amount
(118).
capio.
Vita, -ae,

(70, 74, 82), cloud (of dust)

PL,

strength.

See

also

be anxious, want, aim, plan; bo nee velle, and ing, be ready,

will. .

be unwilling, and

refuse (86).

/, life. Sing, often found vox, vocis,yC, voice; tones (9;), articSee ulation where Rngl. would use pi. (131); remark, question
i,

also ag5.

Vito,

avoid,

make

(one's)

04). way vulnerS,

eke
noun,

I,

wound.
-a,

Partic.

around; avert (danger) (122).

viv5,
3,

vulneratus,

-um, wounded

as adj., as
;

vixi,

victum

est, live;

vulnerati,

-Drum, m., the

out an existence (39).

wounded.

vivus,

-a,

-um, alive (132).

As noun, vulnus,
sion.

-eris,

.,

wound,

injury.

vrvi, -drum, m., the living (91).

vultus, -us, m., countenance, expres-

Vix, adv., scarcely, hardly.

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SELECTIONS FROM THE WORKS OF OVID

Edited
J. MILLER, Ph.D. (Yale), by Professor of Latin, University of Chicago

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