Electrical Energy Conversion and Power Systems

Universidad de Oviedo

ELECTRICAL ENERGY PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Part 10 Quality Management

Lecturer: Jos ngel Daz lvarez

10. Quality Management

In the Quality Management world it is used a terminology that seems similar to the one we use in our daily language. However, there are several concepts that have nuances in its meaning, those nuances make them different to what we intuitively understand. It is important to review them first.

10. Quality Management

Object: something perceivable or conceivable. Process: set of activities interrelated that uses resources in order to change one objet into another. Procedure: specific way of performing activities. It can be written or not. Register: document that brings objective evidence about the performed activities and the obtained results.

10. Quality Management

Product: Process result. Services are considered as non touchable products. Client: the one who receives a product Supplier: the one who provides a product

Client and supplier can be external or internal

10. Quality Management

PROCESS Product SUPPLIER Human Resources Procedures Material Resources

Product CLIENT

10. Quality Management

Basic engineering Detailed Engineering

Contract

Purchasing

Shipping

Packing

Factory assembly

Manufacturing

Site assembly

Commissioning

Tests

Acceptance

Project lifecycle as an interrelated structured process WTG supply contract (t-k)

10. Quality Management

Quality definitions: Philip Crosby: Quality is the fulfilling of requirements Armand V. Feigenbaum: Satisfaction in the clients needs ISO 9000: The ability of a set of intrinsic characteristics to satisfy requirements
Requirements: Needs or expectations. They can be explicit or implicit and must be identified during the project requirement development process
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10. Quality Management

Quality problem: It is produced when the full requirement satisfaction is not achieved Non conformity: Non compliance with a requirement Defect: Non compliance with a requirement associated with a planned use Defects and non conformities are not the same. There is a very important difference because of legal implications: responsibility of products
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10. Quality Management

Corrective action: Action taken in order to eliminate an existing non conformity origin Preventive action: Action taken in order to eliminate a potential non conformity origin

10. Quality Management

Efficacy: Extension in what the planned activities are performed or planned targets are achieved (effectiveness) Efficiency: Ratio between the achieved results and the used resources Improvement action: Action taken in order to improve the efficacy and efficiency

Corrective actions and preventive actions

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10. Quality Management

The Quality Management System is the set of:

Organizational structure Processes Resources Procedures

needed to set and fulfill quality policy and quality targets The Project Quality Management processes include all the activities that establish

Quality policies Quality Targets Quality Responsibilities

in order that the project satisfies the needs that originated it

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10. Quality Management

The Quality Plan is a document where

Standards Processes Resources Practices

are described for a specific project

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10. Quality Management

CONTRACTORS QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CLIENTS REQUIREMENTS

PROJECT

QUALITY MANUAL

CONTRACT

PROJECT QUALITY PLAN

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10. Quality Management

Project Quality Management process include: QUALITY PLANNING QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA) QUALITY CONTROL (QC)

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10. Quality Management

Project Quality Management process include: QUALITY PLANNING QUALITY ASSURANCE QUALITY CONTROL

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10.1 Quality Planning

Identify quality rules relevant for the project, and how to achieve them Must be done during the project planning phase, and can influence the rest of the planning activities For Quality Planning it must be taken into account:

External factors Internal factors Project scope statement Project management plan
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10.1 Quality Planning

Tools and techniques used for Quality Planning:

Cost/benefit analysis

Benchmark with other projects

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10.1 Quality Planning

Tools and techniques used for Quality Planning:

Cost/benefit analysis
Cost: Quality Management costs Benefit: less reprocess less cost more productivity more stakeholders satisfaction Cost of Quality: total quality cost, management plus reprocess costs

Benchmark with other projects

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10.1 Quality Planning

Tools and techniques used for Quality Planning:

Cost/benefit analysis

Benchmark with other projects

Improvement ideas

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10.1 Quality Planning

As the result of the Quality Planning we get:

Quality Management Plan Quality Metrics Quality Checklists Quality baseline Updated Project Management Plan

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10.1 Quality Planning

As the result of the Quality Planning we get:

Quality Management Plan Quality Metrics Describes the practical implementation of the Quality Management System Part of the Project Management Plan Quality Checklists Includes the approach to: Quality baseline Quality Assurance Quality Control Updated Project Management Plan Continuous Improvement

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10.1 Quality Planning

As the result of the Quality Planning we get:

Quality Management Plan Quality Metrics Quality Used inChecklists Quality Assurance and Quality Control processes Quality baseline Updated Project Management Plan

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10.1 Quality Planning

As the result of the Quality Planning we get:

Quality Management Plan Quality Metrics Quality Checklists Quality baseline Verify all the needed steps Used in QC process Updated Project Management Plan

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10.1 Quality Planning

As the result of the Quality Planning we get:

Quality Management Plan Quality Metrics Quality Checklists Quality baseline Quality targets are registered Updated Project Management Plan
Quality performance measured against it

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10.1 Quality Planning

As the result of the Quality Planning we get:

Quality Management Plan Quality Metrics Quality Checklists Quality baseline Updated Project Management Plan
Including Quality Management Plan

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10. Quality Management

Project Quality Management process include: QUALITY PLANNING QUALITY ASSURANCE QUALITY CONTROL

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10.2 Quality Assurance

Application of all the planned and systematic quality activities in order to ensure that the project uses all the needed processes to meet requirements Usually supervised by specific teams For Quality Assurance it must be taken into account:

Quality Management Plan Quality Metrics Work Performance Information Change Requests Quality Control measurements (feedback for QA) Corrective and preventive actions Defect reparation
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10.2 Quality Assurance

Tools and techniques used for Quality Assurance:

Quality Audits
Structured and independent review to check if the project activities comply with the organizations politics, processes and procedures They can be: o programmed or random o internally or externally made

Process Analysis
In order to identify improvements both technical and organizational

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10.2 Quality Assurance

As the result of the Quality Assurance we get:

Requested changes Updates:

Organizations process actives Project Management Plan

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10. Quality Management

Project Quality Management process include: QUALITY PLANNING QUALITY ASSURANCE QUALITY CONTROL

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10.3 Quality Control

Supervise the final specific project results (deliverables, cost performance, schedule), to check if the relevant quality rules are met Identify the way to eliminate unsatisfactory results It must be continuous during all the project Performed by an specific department or unit

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10.3 Quality Control

For Quality Control it must be taken into account:

Project Management Plan Quality Metrics Quality Checklists Work performance report Approved change requests Deliverables

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10.3 Quality Control

Tools and techniques used for Quality Control:

Root cause analysis (Ishikawa diagram) Control diagrams Flux diagrams Histograms Pareto diagrams Dispersion diagram Statistic sampling Inspection

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10.3 Quality Control

Tools and techniques used for Quality Control:

Root cause analysis (Ishikawa diagram): it shows how different factors/causes can be linked to problems/effects

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10.3 Quality Control

Tools and techniques used for Quality Control:

Control diagrams: they show the steadiness of the process. Normally used for repetitive activities (e.g. production lots)

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10.3 Quality Control

Tools and techniques used for Quality Control:

Flux diagrams: graphical representation of a process. They help to analyze how problems can be created.

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10.3 Quality Control

Tools and techniques used for Quality Control:

Histograms: they show variables distribution. It helps to identify the problem causes by the shape and width of the distribution

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10.3 Quality Control

Tools and techniques used for Quality Control:

Pareto diagrams: Specific histogram ordered by frequency, to guide the corrective actions. Also called 80/20 (80% of problems coming from 20% of causes Paretos law

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10.3 Quality Control

Tools and techniques used for Quality Control:

Dispersion diagram: they show the relation pattern between variables

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10.3 Quality Control

Tools and techniques used for Quality Control:

Statistic sampling: Choose a part of the population for inspection. Inspection: Product or work exam, to check its compliance with the rules. They can be made at all levels:

Activities Final project result

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10.3 Quality Control

As the result of the Quality Control we get:

Quality Control Measurements (QC that feedback QA) Recommended corrective actions Recommended preventive actions Requested changes Defect fixing (defects identified and fixing recommended) Validated deliverables Updates:

Quality baseline Organizations process actives (fulfilled checklists, learned lessons) Project Management Plan
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Questions & Answers

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