Sie sind auf Seite 1von 161
THERMAL POWER PLANT CHEMISTRY Deepak Das Dy. Director NPTI (ER), Durgapur March, 2003 PREFACE “Water is our most abundant raw material end in its natural state, one of the purest. All the same, for many industrial uses the available water is still not pure.enough and therefore some impurity or the other has to be treated or removed in order to make it fit for.use. Varied impurities such as suspended, colloidal, organic, and also hardness due {to calcium, magnesium salts etc., are common requiring treatment. ‘Also water has some most unusual properties when compared with other fluids. Engineers are familar with ils latent heat, which means that a kg of steam carries more ‘energy than any other vapourised liquid. Its main interest to engineers/chemists lies in its ‘excellent properties as 2 solvent, and the fact that it is a powerful ‘polar solvent’, which means that the substances dissolved in it ionize readily, The most outstanding property from the industrialist’s point of view is its cheapness and its utmost usability. Therefore water and steam are distinct resources par excellence, inaddition to coal in running thermal power piants. With the increase in unit sizes and weighing economic considerations and technology advancements for precise measurements of impurities, manufacturers have long seen the impact on their machines and the damage caused thereby prescribing the acceptable levels. in Boilers intensively used heat surfaces lose efficiency much more rapidly with slight scale formation making ‘them vulnerable to the resultant overheating. Collection of samples and on-line monitoring and analysis provides insights into corrective and pre-emptive actions. Stringent chemical controls are therefore to be exercised and the strategic role played by chemistry has become evan more critical. The author of the book Shri Deepak Das is a Dy. Director at NPT Eastem Region Institute, Durgapur with several years of proven experience lo his credit before taking up {raining as a profession. Shri Das has written the manual in the Indian context to give power plant engineers and chemists an easy assimilation of the requirements of the chemical technology weaving into present day stringent engineering practices. The second edition of this manual comes with improved and enhanced contents, including chapter on handling of chemicals and safety aptly fiting into the context of NPT acquiring ISO 14001 Certification, Water treatment, Corrosion, Ctiemical cleaning of the Boiler internal surfaces, Coal & Oil combustion, Fire side deposits etc., have all been {trealed from the engineering practices point of view. | also wish to place on record the efforts taken by Shri S.M. Khan, Senior Manager (Chemistry), NTPC, Badarpur Thermal Power Station in vetting this material and the contributions of Shri J.K. Loyal, Dy. Director, NPT! Corporate Office. Shri C.S. Malik, Principal Director, NPTI, Eastem Region, Durgapur has been a guiding strength behind this edition extending his good offices wholeheartedly. ‘Suggestions from all the users for improvements/additions are most welcome. Prectaced. March, 2003 (Or. B.S.K Naidu) Faridabad Director General CONTENTS CHAPTER-1 WATER TREATMENT o1 CHAPTER-2 CORROSION 37 CHAPTER-3 INTERNAL CORROSION 53 CHAPTER-4 : CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WATER AND STEAM 59 CHAPTER: 5 CHEMICAL CLEANING 78 t CHAPTER-6 STATOR COOLING WATER 88 CHAPTER-7 COOLING WATER 94 CHAPTER-8, PRESERVATION OF STEAM AND i WATER CIRCUIT DURING IDLE TIME 102 | CHAPTER-9 COAL FOR THERMAL POWER STATION 104 CHAPTER-10 COMBUSTION 116 : CHAPTER-11 OILS 123 i CHAPTER-12 CORROSION AND DEPOSITS FIRE SIDE 144 : CHAPTER-13 CHEMICALS AND SAFETY 157 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Publication of CEGB, BHEL, ION EXCHANGE, THERMAX, DUEPLAN, IOC, CFRI & lecture notes of eminent guest faculty were of great help in preparation of this Manual. The author extends his sincere thanks to all of them

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen