Ointment -semi-solid preparation for external application to the skin and mucous membrane -calve/unguente/unguentum/charisma Types Medicated -SO,

ZnO Non-medicated/Ointment Bases -Effect: lubricating, emollient, protective and vehicle Characteristics -Free from grittiness (sandy) -Rancidity w/ time ( unpleasant smell foul odor) -Easily spread Containers: -Jars (greater surface area (increase: bacterial growth and rancidity) -Tube (collapsible; less exposure at contact) 2 Methods of Preparing Ointment 1. Levigation -mortar and pestle -mineral oil/ propylene glycol/ glycerin 2. Fusion -heat -melt w/ high melting point -wax, spermaceti Bases 1. Hydrocarbon/ Oleaginous Bases - Insoluble in H2O - Not washable w/ H2O - Anhydrous - Will not absorb H2O - Emollient. Greasy and occlusive - White petrolatum, white ointment, Vaseline, vegetable shortening 2. Absorption Base - Insoluble in H2O - Not washable w/ H2O - Anhydrous - Emollient. Greasy and occlusive - Hydrophilic petrolatum, lanolin, aquabase, aquaphor, polysorb 3. Emulsion bases a) Water in Oil - Insoluble in H2O - Not washable w/ H2O - Can absorb H2O (limited) - Emollient. Greasy and occlusive

b) 4. -

Hydrous lanolin, cold cream, bucerin hydrocream Oil in Water Insoluble in H2O Washable w/ H2O Can absorb H2O Non-greasy and non-occlusive Contains H2O Hydrophilic ointment, vanishing cream, dermabase veluochal

Water Soluble Base Soluble in H2O Washable w/ H2O Can absorb H2O Non-greasy and non-occlusive May contain H2O (limited) Lipid free Polyethylene glycol ointment

PROCEDURES 1. Weigh ingredients 2. Melt white wax and petrolatum (water bath/hot plate) 3. Pour into the container 4. Allow to congeal (solidity) 5. Place glassine paper on top of ointment White Wax: 50 g -> 0.5g Petrolatum: 950 g -> 9.5 g ZnO Ointment - White semi-solid preparation - Medicated ointment - Dry skin, skin disorders (eczema, pruritis & psoriasis) - Antiseptic, protective, mild astringent - Unguentum ZInci Oxide / Zinc Ointment Formula ZnO: 200g -> 2 g Mineral Oil: 150g -> 1.5g (1.71 ml; sp. gr. 0.8498) White Ointment: 650g -> 6.5g PROCEDURE 1. Triturate the ZnO 2. Levigate ZnO w/ mineral oil forming 3. Add White ointment (pbyp) 4. Place in container SULFUR OINTMENT - unguentum sulfures

Medicated ointment Parasiticides, scabies, skin diseases

FORMULA Ppted Sulfur: 100g -> 1g Mineral Oil: 100g -> 1g (1.18 ml) White Ointment: 800g -> 8g