Power System Protection S.A.

Soman Equivalent Circuit of a VT CCVT

CCVT in Power Line Communication

Power System Protection

S.A.Soman
Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Bombay

Ferro Resonance Problem Classication of CCVTs Summary

Introduction to VT

Introduction to VT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman

1
Equivalent Circuit of a VT CCVT
CCVT in Power Line Communication

Equivalent Circuit of a VT CCVT CCVT in Power Line Communication Ferro Resonance Problem Classication of CCVTs Summary

Ferro Resonance Problem Classication of CCVTs Summary

Introduction to VT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Equivalent Circuit of a VT CCVT
CCVT in Power Line Communication

Voltage Transformers The measurement of voltage for various relaying schemes is done by a VT. The equivalent circuit of a VT is similar to that of a conventional transformer.

Ferro Resonance Problem Classication of CCVTs Summary

Introduction to VT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Equivalent Circuit of a VT CCVT
CCVT in Power Line Communication

Coupling Capacitor Voltage Transformer A capacitor potential divider is used to cut down VT size and cost. A reduced voltage is fed to primary of the VT. A tuning inductor is connected to compensate for capacitance effect. When L = voltage.
1 (C1 +C2 ) ,

Ferro Resonance Problem Classication of CCVTs Summary

the relay sees the actual

Introduction to VT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Equivalent Circuit of a VT CCVT
CCVT in Power Line Communication

Ferro Resonance Problem Classication of CCVTs Summary

Introduction to VT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Equivalent Circuit of a VT CCVT
CCVT in Power Line Communication

Ferro Resonance Problem Classication of CCVTs Summary

Introduction to VT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman

1
Equivalent Circuit of a VT CCVT
CCVT in Power Line Communication

Equivalent Circuit of a VT CCVT CCVT in Power Line Communication Ferro Resonance Problem Classication of CCVTs Summary

Ferro Resonance Problem Classication of CCVTs Summary

Introduction to VT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Equivalent Circuit of a VT CCVT
CCVT in Power Line Communication

CCVT in Power Line Communication Capacitance potential divider provides a shunt path for high frequency signals. High frequency signals can be coupled to power line for communication. Frequency range is 50 400kHz. A drainage reactor is connected to block the path to ground for RF signal.

Ferro Resonance Problem Classication of CCVTs Summary

Introduction to VT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Equivalent Circuit of a VT CCVT
CCVT in Power Line Communication

Ferro Resonance Problem in CCVT Nonlinearity of the iron cores of reactor and transformer causes ferroresonance. Hence, ferroresonance suppression circuit is included in the secondary of CCVT. This will aggravate transients in the CCVT. The differential equation of the equivalent R-L-C circuit is given by, dv di 1 d 2i = R + i +L 2 dt dt Ceq dt During fault, v(t)=0 and the equation will be, R di 1 d 2i + i = 0 + L dt LCeq dt 2

Ferro Resonance Problem Classication of CCVTs Summary

Introduction to VT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Equivalent Circuit of a VT CCVT
CCVT in Power Line Communication

The standard form of the equation is given by, d 2i 2 + 2n + n i = 0 dt 2 It can be seen that the response of the circuit depends upon The damping constant . The natural frequency n in rad/sec. The point on the voltage waveform where the fault strikes. The transients formed are known as subsistence transients. It can reduce the accuracy of distance relays.

Ferro Resonance Problem Classication of CCVTs Summary

Introduction to VT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Equivalent Circuit of a VT CCVT
CCVT in Power Line Communication

Ferro Resonance Problem Classication of CCVTs Summary

Introduction to VT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Equivalent Circuit of a VT CCVT
CCVT in Power Line Communication

Ferro Resonance Problem Classication of CCVTs Summary

Introduction to VT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Equivalent Circuit of a VT CCVT
CCVT in Power Line Communication

Ferro Resonance Problem Classication of CCVTs Summary

Classication of CCVTs CCVTs are classied into two types: Class 1

Class 2

Introduction to VT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Equivalent Circuit of a VT CCVT
CCVT in Power Line Communication

Ferro Resonance Problem Classication of CCVTs Summary

Classication of CCVTs CCVTs are classied into two types: Class 1

Maximum ratio error is 1%. Maximum phase angle error is 40 min.

Class 2

Introduction to VT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Equivalent Circuit of a VT CCVT
CCVT in Power Line Communication

Ferro Resonance Problem Classication of CCVTs Summary

Classication of CCVTs CCVTs are classied into two types: Class 1

Maximum ratio error is 1%. Maximum phase angle error is 40 min.

Class 2
Maximum ratio error is 2%. Maximum phase angle error is 80 min.

Introduction to VT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Equivalent Circuit of a VT CCVT
CCVT in Power Line Communication

Summary Role of voltage transformers. Equivalent Circuit of a CCVT. Use of CCVT in pilot wire communication. Ferroresonance problem in CCVTs. Classication of CCVTs.

Ferro Resonance Problem Classication of CCVTs Summary