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Nepal: Skills for Employment Project

Gender, Caste and Ethnicity (GCE) Strategy: Achievement, Challenges and Lessons Learned

Ram Hari Lamichhane, PhD Member Secretary Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training 11 September 2013
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.

Outline of the Presentation


Project Overview Project Goal and Outcomes Gender, Caste and Ethnicity Strategy GESI Implementation Plan Key Achievements Key Inclusive Provisions Challenges and Major Lessons Learned Way Forward

Project Overview

Loan approval date: 25 November 2004 Loan effective date: 28 February 2006 Loan closing date: 31 March 2011 Total costs: US$ 25 million ($ 20 million ADB loan + $ 5 million GON) Executive Agency : Ministry of Education Implementing Agency: Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training Implementing Partners:
- Department of Cottage and Small Industries; (8 districts)
- Cottage and Small Industries Development Board; (12 districts)

- Department of Labor - Public training Institutions of CTEVT - Private training providers


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Project Goal
To reduce poverty by
increasing engagement

in wage and selfemployment and international employment.

Project Outcomes
Increased access to market-oriented

short-term skills training with special focus on the poor, women, dalit and disadvantaged groups
Strengthen capacity of key agencies to

enhance their services to the shortterm training sector and improve relevance and quality
Develop and articulate a new technical

education and vocational training (TVET) policy


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Community based program

Central Based Program

Gender Caste and Ethnicity (GCE) Strategy


Addresses social exclusion that prevents access and opportunity for groups of people due to their gender, caste, or ethnicity by:
Ensuring that poor rural men and women, particularly

from the dalit and disadvantaged groups have equitable access to vocational training services Promoting equal access to TEVT information by all target groups on training services, post-training support services and available microfinance options

GESI Implementation Plan


Components / Outputs 1. Increase Access to MarketOriented, ShortTerm Skills Training for 61,000 (original 80,000) particularly 60% disadvantaged group including 50% women and 25% dalit Activities Development of Awareness Plan : -- Involvement of GCE experts in developing plans. Development of Information Dissemination Plan:

-- Binding contract with Technical Training Providers (TTPs) for mandatory targeting of women and dalit -- Partnership with NGOs/CBOs for better outreach and targeting, -- Mobilization of SEP graduates for information dissemination women and dalit --- Develop and disseminate TV spots, Video Jingle, Radio Drama, Posters and hoarding boards in different languages with messages to encourage women and disadvantaged groups

GESI Implementation Plan


Components/ Outputs Activities

2. Strengthen capacity of key agencies

Establish Training Management Information System (TMIS) and Geographical Information System in Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT)

Develop new curricula and revise old one to meet the level of target groups

Establish Labor Management Information System (LMIS) and Employment Service Center (ESC) under DoL for information dissemination, counseling and record keeping.

Provide gender and social inclusion training to managers, supervisors

GESI Implementation Plan


Components/ Outputs Activities

3. Develop and articulate a new technical education and vocational training policy

Formation of Project Steering Committee including women and DAGs

Formation of Working committee under MOE including women and DAGs

Include provision of positive discrimination and inclusive approaches in the new TVET Policy

Key Achievements: MOST skills training


Activities Total Graduates Number Women %
50%

Dalit %
25%

Committed to 60,880 training Central 52560 + Community (target) 8320) Enrolled 62,292 Central 52,020 + Community 8,272 59,129 Central 50,944 + Community 8,185

46.45%

19.68%

Completed

53.8% (31,811) (Central 54.1% + Community 45.9%)

25.5% (15,053)* (Central 26.4 % + Community 19.3%)

Drop out

1,163 Central 1,067 + Community 87

35%

24%

*39% Janajatis and 79.4% from disadvantaged groups

Sector-wise Composition of Women and Dalit in MOST Training (Central Based)


Sector Total enrolled Women enrolled % 81.4% 24.4% Dalit enrolled % 24.9% 26.8% Disadvantaged groups % 91.9% 76%

Agriculture and Animal Health Engineering (Construction, Electrician, Auto and Mechanical) Hotel and Tourism

11, 474 22,834

6,756

57.8%

22.1%

85.6%

Other (Security Guard, Hand Embroidery, Handicraft, Care Giver, Beautician etc) Total

10,956

87.9%

27.4%

96.4%

52,020

54.7%

25.9%

85.1%

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Sector-wise Composition of Women and Dalit in MOST Training (Community Based)


Sector Total enrolled Women enrolled % 42.2% 32.5% Dalit enrolled % 18.4% 19.4% Disadvantaged groups % 28.9% 34%

Agriculture and Animal Health Engineering (Construction, Electrician, Auto and Mechanical) Hotel and Tourism

1,860 3,632

940

49.8%

17.1%

39.4%

Other (Security Guard, Hand Embroidery, Handicraft, Care Giver, Beautician etc) Total

1,840

73%

2.02%

30%

8,272

45.6%

19.5%

32.6%

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Key Achievements: Skills Test


Activity
Enrolled

Total number of Graduates


Central Level: 43142 Community Level: 4394

Women %
54% 43.7% 87% 92%

Dalit %
26% 19.2% 84% 90%

Passed

Central level: 37802 Community Level:3860

Key Achievements- Capacity Development


Provided training to managers (200), supervisors (200) and

trainers (860) from public and private training providers on Gender and Social Inclusion female participation (24-48%) TMIS and GIS established in research and management division of CTEVT that collected sex, caste, ethnicity disaggregated data Total of 37 new curricula developed and 26 revised to meet the level of target groups Employment Service Centers established at the regions in Biratnagar, Kathmandu and Dhangadi for easy dissemination of information, counseling, record keeping

Key Achievements- Employment


Sector Self Employment Wage Employment Foreign Employment

Agriculture and Animal Health Engineering (Construction, Electrician, Auto and Mechanical) Hotel and Tourism Other (Security guard, Hand embroidery, Handicraft, care giver, beautician etc) Total

77.1% 48.4%

22% 49.4%

0.9% 2.2%

19.8% 51%

75.6% 45.8%

4.6% 3.2%

53.3%

44.3%

2.4%

Key Achievements- Employment


Sector
Agriculture and Animal Health Engineering Hotel and Tourism Other Total (Target 80%)

Employment rate
74.2% 62.5% 67.3% 46.9% 61.3% within 1 year

Female employment
36.1% 22.2% 12.9% 28.7% 52.8%

Dalit employment = 25.3% Disadvantaged group employment = 68.7%

Key Achievements: Support to Policy Development


Approval of TVET policy 2012 by the government
development of national vocational qualification

framework for future career paths; establishing TEVT fund with joint investment from the government and DPs and establishment of one door system for sustainable investment in the sector; Inclusion of gender and social equity provisions
The implementation plan of the TVET Policy was developed

with support from the ADB TA Support to Build Capacity in TEVT and its operationalization carried out through the recently approved ADB grant Skills Development Project (2013).

Key inclusive provisions applied by the project


Conducted TNAs in communities with questions related to women and

marginalized; Promoted access and inclusion by assessing the needs of women including marginalized groups and prepared appropriate training packages; Offered stipends and hostel facilities to ensure the participation of women and disadvantaged groups; Stipend criteria used positive discrimination for women and marginalized (grace mark for women and marginalized) Binding contract with private training providers for mandatory representation (in %) of women and disadvantaged in each trade; mandatory targeting also included for non-traditional trades Mobile training for women and dalit Partnership with NGO and CBOs including women and dalit organizations for information dissemination, social preparation and counseling and to bring potential trainees

Challenges
Inadequate hostels, accommodation facilities for training run by

private training institution specially for women and dalits Financial resource constraints for women and dalits to access job market or self start a business Lack of acceptance and retention of women in non-traditional trades such as carpentry, welding, auto-mechanic, plumbing Lack of women friendly work environment - type of tasks, working hours, security Low education level, socio-cultural barriers, and opportunity costs (household responsibilities) Lack of family support to participate in training because of long distance travel and longer duration training (3 months average) Lack of sufficient female instructors
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Major Lessons Learned


Affirmative action policies like setting minimum participation

targets can be an effective approach.


Blanket approach of GCE targeting may not be scientific. The

nature of the trade, the level of interest from target beneficiaries, location of the training, population density of disadvantaged groups, and the readiness of the market should be assessed before setting trade-specific targets.
Difficult to attract women to traditionally male dominated

trades (e.g., masonry, carpentry, and electrical and plumbing trades). An enabling environment needs to be created through awareness and sensitization activities, policy reforms and changes in institutional mechanisms in the employment sector.

Major Lessons Learned


The use of mobile training camps should be expanded to make

skills training accessible to all priority groups.


Self Employment focused skills training are more sustainable

than wage employment


Separate training for dalits and women groups cannot

contribute for social inclusion.


Women with young children face extra difficulties in

participating in the skills training program. Childcare facilities should be offered in the training centers.

Way Forward
Skills Development Project (2013-2018) recently approved

includes lessons learned from SEP. The Objective of the


project is to increase the efficiency and results outcome of TVET, making it more inclusive and market-driven. The project aims to provide employment-linked skills training in nontraditional skills sectors in areas such as construction, manufacturing, and service sectors where skills gap still exist through social marketing and mobilization, outreach, pre- and

post-training services such as counseling and employment


services.
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Skills Development Project - 2013-2018


Key gender and social inclusion design features:
at least 45,000 young people of which 40% women and 30% from excluded

groups for short term skills training; of the 1000 students 15% women and 20% from excluded groups enroll in mid level skills training selection criteria of TPs to include GESI as one of the criteria, TPs to include GESI-sensitive outreach strategy, proportionate representation in management board/staff, and as trainers at least 75% of skills training graduates employed 6 months after training of which 40% are women and 30% from excluded groups performance incentives (higher payment) for TPs for providing training, job placement and other post training support for women and people from excluded groups 300 TVET professionals 15% women and 15% from excluded groups complete training in GESI sensitive occupational /instructional skills upgrading provision of GESI friendly training environment (provide transportation costs, child care support , and mobile training program), training materials and curriculum development.

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