INFOGRAPHIC

Africa: A Story of Growth

Africas steady and robust economic growth over the past decade has thrust the continent onto the world stage as a serious player. Local economies stagnated in every part of the world during the global recession of 2008 and 2009, but Sub-Saharan Africa was one of the least affected regions due to its relatively weak ties to the crisis epicenters in Europe and the U.S.and its growth rate has returned to previous heights.
NATIONAL GDP AND PER CAPITA GDP GROWTH Tunisia Morocco

7,692
Western Sahara Algeria Libya Egypt NORTH AFRICA (includes Djibouti) SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Mauritania Cape Verde Senegal The Gambia Guinea-Bissau Guinea Burkina Faso Nigeria Cote Ghana d'Ivoire Benin Togo So Tom and Prncipe Cameroon Gabon Per capita GDP Average 2009 GDP per capita constant 2000 U.S. dollars* Annual Growth 2000-2009 constant 2000 U.S. dollars 8,100 4,000 1,000 100 16% 12 8 4 0 -4 -8 Data not available Congo, Rep. Congo, Dem. Rep. Tanzania Central African Republic Mali Niger Chad Djibouti Sudan Eritrea

Sierra Leone Liberia

South Sudan

Ethiopia Somalia

Equatorial Guinea

8,011

Uganda Rwanda Burundi

Kenya

Seychelles

7,389

Malawi Angola Zambia

Comoros Mauritius

4,917

Namibia Botswana

Zimbabwe

4,082

Mozambique

Swaziland *To account for inflation the World Bank converts dollar figures for GDP from domestic currencies using 2000 official exchange rates. Source: Africa Development Indicators 2011, The World Bank Madagascar Lesotho South Africa

Money To Spend
GROSS NATIONAL INCOME (GNI) per capita is a broad measure of the buying power of a countrys citizens. The graph below shows that Libya, Algeria, and Tunisia have suffered from insurrection and civil war, while people in Mauritius, Namibia, and Ghana have grown more prosperous.
GROSS NATIONAL INCOME PER CAPITA RANKINGS* in current U.S. dollars North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa 2011 $14,540 11,130 8,240 7,980 7,480 6,960 4,700 4,470 4,070 4,060 3,540 3,300 2,970 2,600 2,270 1,410 1,360 1,300 1,270 1,220 1,210 1,200 1,160 1,100 1,070 Equatorial Guinea Seychelles Mauritius Gabon Botswana Libya*** South Africa Namibia Algeria Tunisia Angola Cape Verde Swaziland Morocco Egypt Congo, Rep. Ghana So Tom and Prncipe Sudan Djibouti Lesotho Cameroon Nigeria Zambia Cte d'Ivoire Senegal High Upper Middle

Rapid Growth
Africas growth has not been quite as impressive as that of rapidly developing powerhouses in Asia like China, India, and Vietnam, but the next decade may be a different story. The IMF predicts that six of the 10 fastest growing economies from 2011 to 2015 will be located in Sub-Saharan Africa.
REAL GDP GROWTH BY REGION 20102013 10%

Income GNI per capita level** 2009 High Upper Middle

8 6 4 2 10 11 12 13

7.8 East Asia & Paci c 7.1 South Asia 5.6 Sub-Saharan Africa 4.2 Latin America & Caribbean 4.0 Europe & Central Asia 3.2 North Africa & Middle East 2.4 U.S. 1.1 Euro Area

Lower Middle

Lower Middle

PROJECTED REAL GDP GROWTH, TOP TEN COUNTRIES 20112015 China India Ethiopia Mozambique Tanzania Vietnam Congo, Dem. Rep. Ghana Zambia Nigeria 7.2 7.2 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.8 7.7 8.2 8.1 9.5%

*Based on the World Banks Atlas Method. **Based on the World Banks classification. ***Libyas ranking in 2011 is estimated by the World Bank. Source: The Little Data Book on Africa 2011, The World Bank

Sources: World Development Indicators 2012, The World Bank; International Monetary Fund

A Population Boom
Of course, Africa is growing so quickly largely because it is starting from such a low base, partly due to colonial plunder, war, disease, and famine. Sub-Saharan Africa exhibits the lowest life expectancy rates in the world, and its total GDP is roughly equivalent to Australias, but with 50 times as many people. Rapid population growth throughout the next century will present challenges as well as opportunities for sustained economic expansion. While roughly one in seven people in the world today reside in Africa, that number is projected to be one in four by 2050.
LIFE EXPECTANCY AND MATERNAL MORTALITY Life Expectancy 2009 7075 years 6569 6064 5559 5054 4549 Maternal Mortality Ratio* per 100,000 live births 1,200 600 100 Data unavailable

155 mil. The population of Lagos, Nigerias commercial hub, has nearly doubled in the past 15 years to 21 million people. By 2040, more than 300 million people will live in a country with one tenth the land area of the U.S.

83

83

66 *National estimates for the most recent year available from 2000 to 2009. Source: Africa Development Indicators 2011, The World Bank 2009 POPULATION STATISTICS Annual growth rate Population (in millions) Rural portion Urban Population density (people per sq. km) 0.5% 42 4.2% 33 40 35 32 44 49

0.5%

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
191

N. AFRICA

354

628

323

405 Egypt Algeria Morocco Tunisia Libya Djibouti

The Road To Development

Much of Africa has shown steady improvement in key quality of life measures such as access to clean water and
MALE LITERACY

Seychelles So Tom and Prncipe Cape Verde Comoros Equatorial Guinea Swaziland Mauritius Gabon Guinea-Bissau The Gambia Botswana Lesotho Namibia Mauritania Congo, Rep. Liberia Central African Republic Eritrea Sierra Leone Togo Burundi Benin Somalia Rwanda Guinea Chad Senegal Zimbabwe Zambia Mali Malawi Niger Burkina Faso Angola Cameroon Madagascar Cte dIvoire Mozambique Ghana Uganda Kenya Sudan Tanzania South Africa Congo, Dem. Rep. Ethiopia Nigeria

sanitation facilities. Literacy on the continent is growing, although women lag behind men in many countries. Improved physical
FEMALE LITERACY

infrastructure and increased access to mobile communication technologies will both prove critical to future growth.

LITERACY RATE age 15+, 2009. Highest- and lowest-ranking countries are labeled

44.5% Chad

23.1% Chad

97.0% Equatorial Guinea 80100% 6079% 4059% 2039% Data unavailable

95.3%

Lesotho

WATER AND SANITATION percentage of population with access to improved resources, 2008. Highest- and lowest-ranking countries are labeled ACCESS TO IMPROVED WATER SOURCE ACCESS TO IMPROVED SANITATION FACILITIES

99% Egypt 9% Niger

97% Libya 9% Chad

30% Somalia

80100% 6079% 4059% 2039% 019% Data unavailable

99% Mauritius

MOBILE SUBSCRIPTIONS per 100 people, 2009

ROAD DENSITY km per 100 sq. km of land area, 20002008*

80+ 6079 4059 2039 019 Data unavailable TOTAL SUBSCRIPTIONS in millions 80 40 10 *Data for the most recent year available during the period. Source: Africa Development Indicators 2011, The World Bank

ROAD TYPE Unpaved Paved TOTAL ROAD DENSITY km per 100 sq. km of land area 100 50 25 10

Attracting Investment
Many countries in Africa are seeing a surge of investment from abroad, with most of that money aimed at exploiting the continents vast mineral and fossil fuel deposits. China, for example, has made commitments to spend more than $100 billion on commercial ventures on the continent since 2010, and $90 billion of that is devoted to natural resource extraction and related infrastructure projects, according to the security consulting firm Stratfor.

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT Balance of Payments (BoP)*, net inows in billions of current U.S. dollars

Egypt: $11.6 billion Reforms led to a sharp increase in foreign investment between 2001 and 2006, which the new government hopes to retain.

South Africa: $9.6 billion The nancial crisis hit just as foreign investment in the most advanced economy in Sub-Saharan Africa was peaking.

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6.4 Egypt 6.0 Nigeria

4 2.9 Congo, Dem. Rep. 2.8 Congo, Rep. 2.5 Ghana 2.3 Algeria 2 [Other African nations]

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-2 *BoP accounts are an accounting record of all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world. Angola: $3.2 billion A dip in oil prices in 2009 sent shockwaves through the Angolan economy, devaluing the currency and shaking investor condence. 3.2 Angola

NET OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE AND OFFICIAL AID RECEIVED in billions of current U.S. dollars

Nigeria: $11.4 billion Foreign aid to Nigeria peaked in 2006, helping stimulate economic growth by supplementing the amount of capital in the country.

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6 Congo, Dem. Rep.: $5.4 billion Peace accords ended the civil war in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2003, though parts of the country remain in turmoil. 4 3.5 Congo, Dem. Rep. 3.5 Ethiopia 3.0 Tanzania 2.1 Sudan 2.1 Nigeria 2.0 Mozambique

[Other African nations]

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Source: World Development Indicators 2012, The World Bank

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