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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decade_(log_scale)
One decade is a factor of 10 difference between two numbers (an order of magnitude difference) measured on a logarithmic scale. Along with the octave, it is a unit used to describe frequency bands or frequency ratios.[1][2] It is especially useful when referring to frequencies and when describing frequency response of electronic systems, such as audio amplifiers and filters.
Contents
1 Calculations 2 Graphical representation and analysis 3 See also 4 Sources
Three decades: 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 (10-2, 10-1, 100, 101).
Calculations
The factor-of-ten in a decade can be in either direction: so one decade up from 100 Hz is 1000 Hz, and one decade down is 10 Hz. The factor-of-ten is what is important, not the unit used, so 3.14 rad/s is one decade down from 31.4 rad/s. To determine the number of decades between two frequencies ( ), use the logarithm of the ratio of the two values: decades[1][2] or, using natural logarithms: decades[3]
Three decades: One-thousand 0.01's, one-hundred 0.1's, ten 1's, one 10. How many decades is it from 15 rad/s to 150,000 rad/s? decades How many decades is it from 3.2 GHz to 4.7 MHz? decades How many decades is one octave? One octave is a factor of 2, so decades per octave (decade = just major third + three octaves, 10/1 = 5/4)
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To find out what frequency is a certain number of decades from the original frequency, multiply by appropriate powers of 10: What is 3 decades down from 220 Hz? Hz What is 1.5 decades up from 10?
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decade_(log_scale)
To find out the size of a step for a certain number of frequencies per decade, raise 10 to the power of the inverse of the number of steps: What is the step size for 30 steps per decade? - or each step is 7.9775% larger than the last.
Electronic frequency responses are often described in terms of "per decade". The example Bode plot shows a slope of -20 dB/decade in the stopband, which means that for every factor-of-ten increase in frequency (going from 10 rad/s to 100 rad/s in the figure), the gain decreases by 20 dB.
See also
Savart
Sources
1. ^ a b Levine, William S. (2010). The Control Handbook: Control System Fundamentals, p.9-29. ISBN 9781420073621. 2. ^ a b Perdikaris, G. (1991). Computer Controlled Systems: Theory and Applications, p.117. ISBN 9780792314226.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decade_(log_scale)
3. ^ Davis, Don and Patronis, Eugene (2012). Sound System Engineering, p.13. ISBN 9780240808307.
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