Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Chapter1
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Topics Covered
Computer definition and main parts Computer Hardware Computer Software Computer Strengths Categories of Computers Computer Applications in Society Networks
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What is a Computer?
Definition:
An Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
Accepts Data Processes it into Produces and stores
information
results
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Output
The presentation of results of processing From computer to humans or other machines
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Input (Data)
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Information
Data
Process
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Output (Information)
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Software
Non physical parts of the computer the instructions or programs that tell the hardware how to behave
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Mice
Optical mouse
Needs no mouse pad Doesnt need cleaning Is more expensive
Trackball
Easier on wrists Stays stationary on desk
Wireless
Uses radio or light waves
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Inputting Sound
Microphones are used for:
Podcasts Video-conferencing Internet phone calls Speech recognition
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Monitor Types
Less expensive Uses much more space Uses more energy Offers better viewing angles Legacy technology
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Computer Outputs
Softcopy output
Output on monitor or sounds from the speakers which are temporary
Hardcopy output
The output from printers, or printed output that can be physically handled, folded
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On the Back
Ports for peripherals Types of ports:
Serial and parallel Audio and video USB FireWire Connectivity
Ethernet Modem
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Power Controls
Power-on button: Turns on system, should not be used to turn it off Other options:
Sleep mode Hibernation Warm boot
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The Motherboard
CPU RAM Expansion cards and slots Built-in components
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Memory Module
Random access memory (RAM) Stores instructions and data Temporary (volatile) storage Operates in nanoseconds
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Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions and information to and from one or more computers. A widely used communication device is the modem, which is used to connect your computer to the Internet through telephone line.
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Computer Software
What is software?
Set of programs / instructions that tells the computer what to do and how to do it
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Computer Software
What is system software?
Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices
Utility Programs
allow the users to perform functions such as printing file, copying file, listing file names etc
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Computer Software
What is application software? Programs that perform specific tasks for users
Software Suite Popular software applications bundled together as a single unit
Word Processing Spreadsheet Presentation Graphics
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Database
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Application Software
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Buying Software
Software may be purchased
Through retail stores Online At computer shows Through catalogs
Discounted software
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Categories of Computers
Personal computers Mobile computers Midrange servers Mainframe computers Supercomputers
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Personal Computers
Most popular personal computers are either desktop or notebook PCs
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Personal Computers
What is a notebook computer?
Also called a laptop Portable, small enough to fit on your lap Generally more expensive than a desktop computer Can operate on batteries or a power supply or both
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Mobile Computers
What is a tablet PC?
Allows you to write on the screen using a stylus Smaller version is the modular computer
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Handheld Computers
What is a handheld computer?
Small enough to fit in your hand
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Handheld Computers
What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?
Provides personal organizer functions Calendar Appointment book Address book Calculator Notepad
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Handheld Computers
What are Smart phones?
Web-enabled telephone Allow you to check e-mail and access the Internet
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Categories of Computers
Midrange server
greater processing power, storage capacity and reliability than personal computers Typically supports several hundred and sometimes up to a few thousand connected computers. Known as minicomputers in the past.
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Categories of Computers
Mainframe
Large, expensive, very powerful, computer that can handle 100s or 1000s of connected computers Large storage capacity Used in large organizations
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Categories of Computers
Supercomputer
The fastest, most powerful and expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations such as medicine, aerospace, automotive design, online banking, weather forecasting, nuclear energy research & petroleum exploration
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Digital Home
In a digital home, you can control home systems from your computer and via the Internet.
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Networks
What is a network?
Collection of computers and devices connected via communications devices and transmission media Each computer or device connected to a the network is called a node.
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Networks
What are the advantages of using a network?
Facilitate communication Share hardware Share software Share data and information Transfer funds
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Client/Server Networks
Server-based network
Clients and servers
Data flows efficiently Servers respond to requests from clients Servers perform specific tasks Scalable Centralized
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Ethernet
Phone
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MAN
Metropolitan area network Computers linked within a city or county
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Intranet
Private corporate network Protected by a firewall
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Network Topology
Layout of computers and devices in network. Popular topologies are bus, ring, and star
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Bus network All computers and devices connect to central cable, or bus Inexpensive and easy to install Easy to add or delete devices from network Failure of one device does not affect the rest of the network
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Network Topology
Ring network
Cable forms closed ring, or loop, with all computers and devices arranged along ring Data travels from device to device around entire ring, in one direction If a computer or device on a ring network fails, all devices before the failed device are unaffected, but those after the failed device cannot function.
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Network Topology
Star network
All devices connect to a central system All data transferred from one computer to another passes through the central system Needs only one control unit But if control unit fails, the whole network fails
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URLs
URL:
Uniform Resource Locator Unique Web site address
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Internet Communications
Instant messaging Podcasts Blogs and vlogs Webcasts Wikis Voice over Internet (VoIP) E-mail
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Social Networks
Social networks: online personal networks
MySpace.com and Facebook.com
Members share common interests. Members communicate by voice, chat, IM, video, and blogs. Members create personalized profiles. Growth has been explosive. Risks must be recognized and reduced.
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Group Communication
Internet social networks Multiplayer online game services Chat rooms Newsgroups Listservs
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Avoid hackers and viruses Protect your privacy Understand the real privacy and security risks Use the Internet wisely Avoid online annoyances Maintain your computer Make good purchase decisions Integrate the latest technology
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