Contractor:

Project:

Agip
AGIP OIL COMPANY LIMITED

Client:

Contractor Doc. No.:

Engineering Doc. No.: 1

Sheet: of

Client Doc. No.: 13

SIZING CRITERIA FOR POWER CABLE AND FEEDER PROTECTION DEVICE SELECTION

Rev.

Date

Description

Prep.

Check

COSMI

AGIP

Contractor:

Project:

Agip
AGIP OIL COMPANY LIMITED

Client:

Contractor Doc. No.:

Title:

Rev: Engineering Doc. No.: Sheet: Client Doc. No.: 2 of 13 Date: 1477 SIZING CRITERIA FOR POWER CABLE AND FEEDER PROTECTION DEVICE SELECTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SHEET 1. GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 SCOPE ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2. REFERENCE CODES AND STANDARDS ....................................................................................................................... 3 2. SIZING OF CABLES ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. SIZING ON THE BASIS OF VOLTAGE DROP .................................................................................................................... 3 2.1.1. During normal operation .................................................................................................................................. 4 2.1.2. During motor starting condition ....................................................................................................................... 4 2.1.3. Admitted voltage drop ..................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2. THERMAL SIZING ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 3. DEFINITION OF CABLE CAPACITIES IN RELATION TO INSTALLATION CONDITIONS ........................................ 9 3.1 STANDARD OPERATING CONDITIONS ........................................................................................................................... 9 3.2. ACTUAL INSTALLATION CONDITIONS ........................................................................................................................... 9 4. SELECTION OF CABLES IN RELATION TO THE VOLTAGES ................................................................................ 10 5. SELECTION OF FEEDER PROTECTION DEVICE ................................................................................................... 13 5.1. CIRCUIT BREAKER ................................................................................................................................................... 13 5.2. FUSE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13 6. RESULTS AND TEST ................................................................................................................................................. 14

1.

GENERAL

Contractor:

Project:

Agip
AGIP OIL COMPANY LIMITED

Client:

Contractor Doc. No.:

Title:

Rev: Engineering Doc. No.: Sheet: Client Doc. No.: 3 of 13 Date: 1477 SIZING CRITERIA FOR POWER CABLE AND FEEDER PROTECTION DEVICE SELECTION

1.1

Scope This document provides criteria used for sizing the power cable in conjunction with feeder protection device.

1.2.

Reference Codes and Standards This sizing criteria has been executed in compliance with the following:

Codes and standards IEC 38 IEC 228 IEC 269 (1983) IEC Standard voltage (1978) Conductors of insulated cables (1986) Low voltage fuses

IEC 364-4-43 (1997) Protection against over current IEC 947-2 IEC 287 (1995) Circuit breakers (1994) Calculation of the Continuous Current Rating of Cable

2.

SIZING OF CABLES Sizing of cables, in accordance with the current, has been calculated to define minimum sections which: keep voltage drop and temperature rise within the limits permitted by the type of cable, under both normal operating condition and during overload or short circuit. The range in which cross-section has been defined is the standard specified in IEC 228.

2.1.

Sizing on the basis of voltage drop

Contractor:

Project:

Agip
AGIP OIL COMPANY LIMITED

Client:

Contractor Doc. No.:

Title:

Rev: Engineering Doc. No.: Sheet: Client Doc. No.: 4 of 13 Date: 1477 SIZING CRITERIA FOR POWER CABLE AND FEEDER PROTECTION DEVICE SELECTION

In order to ensure correct operation of the electrical system, the feeders to users voltage drop has been verified. The voltage drop during normal operation and motor starting condition has been determined by the following relation:

2.1.1.

During normal operation

for balanced three-phase load

V%
for single phase load

3 * In * L * ( R * cos X * Sin) * 100 Vn

I * 2 * L * ( R * cos X * Sin) * 100 Vn

[1]

V%
where: V% R X In L
COS

[2]

= = = = = = =

Voltage drop in percent Cable resistance [ohm/km] Cable reactance [ohm/km] Current of user in normal condition Cable length [km] Power factor Rated voltage

Vn

2.1.2.

During motor starting condition The voltage drop during motor starting condition has been verified with: [1] formula by using parameters for starting conditions

Contractor:

Project:

Agip
AGIP OIL COMPANY LIMITED

Client:

Contractor Doc. No.:

Title:

Rev: Engineering Doc. No.: Sheet: Client Doc. No.: 5 of 13 Date: 1477 SIZING CRITERIA FOR POWER CABLE AND FEEDER PROTECTION DEVICE SELECTION

2.1.3.

Admitted voltage drop

These have been defined according to good engineering practice and are defined as:

a) b) c) d) e)

5% 15% 4% 4% 4%

Cables supplying motors or users during normal operation Cables supplying motors during start up Cables for lighting circuits during normal operation MV and LV feeder cables Trace heating circuits

Contractor:

Project:

Agip
AGIP OIL COMPANY LIMITED

Client:

Contractor Doc. No.:

Title:

Rev: Engineering Doc. No.: Sheet: Client Doc. No.: 6 of 13 Date: 1477 SIZING CRITERIA FOR POWER CABLE AND FEEDER PROTECTION DEVICE SELECTION

2.2.

Thermal sizing Thermal sizing has been verified in order to ensure that cable operating temperature does not exceed the maximum temperatures permitted. According to referred standards, the capacity (Iz) of a line is the maximum value of the current that, under permanent and specified conditions, the line can transmit without the temperature of the conductors exceeding a specified limit value, in relation to the type of insulation used. The temperature limit value is an important parameter which must be considered when determining the cross-section of the conductors, together with other factors such as minimum cross-sections, mechanical considerations, voltage drops, resistance to the external environment, etc. Regardless of their cross-section, the live conductors shall be protected by one or more devices which automatically cut off the circuit when a dangerous overload or short-circuit is generated, unless the maximum current that can be supplied by the power supply, does not exceed the capacity of the conductors. Conditions taken into consideration are as follows: a) b) c) 2.2.1. Currents due to short-circuits Currents due to overloads Current during normal operation conditions

Short circuit sizing

According to this criteria, the short-circuit protection devices, fuses or circuit breaker, must cutoff the short-circuit currents before such currents become dangerous due to thermal and mechanical effects in conductors and related connections. The short-circuit protection must operate within a time less than that required to raise the temperature of conductors beyond the acceptable limit, and this shall be applicable for any short-circuit produced at any point on the protected line.

Contractor:

Project:

Agip
AGIP OIL COMPANY LIMITED

Client:

Contractor Doc. No.:

Title:

Rev: Engineering Doc. No.: Sheet: Client Doc. No.: 7 of 13 Date: 1477 SIZING CRITERIA FOR POWER CABLE AND FEEDER PROTECTION DEVICE SELECTION

Therefore in order to guarantee the a correct sizing of cables it has been checked that I2t which passes through the circuit-breaker or fuse is less than maximum thermal energy of cable K2S2 under adiabatic condition

I2t where: I2t :

K2S2

[3]

Is the specific let-through energy by the protection device during the time period t of the short-circuit

K2S2 S I t K

: : : : :

Is the maximum heat that can be absorbed by the cable Cross section in mm2 Short circuit current in amperes (effective value) Protective device operating time in second Coefficient depending on the thermal and electrical characteristics

of the cable, temperature of conductors at the beginning of the short -circuit and maximum permissible temperature at the end of time t (K is not influenced by the type of installation) For cable in PVC insulation material K=115 For cable in XLPE insulation material K=140

2.2.2

Sizing on the basis of overload current The sizing of cables in relation to thermal stresses has been carried out for circuits

where there is a possibility of long duration overloading, i.e. motor feeders. There is a general rule that imposes installation of protection devices to cut off the conductor overload currents before such currents cause overheating which damage insulation, connections, terminals or the external environment. These devices can be installed at any point in the line, provided that the shunts and plug sockets are not located ahead of them and the line is thus protected against short-circuits.

Contractor:

Project:

Agip
AGIP OIL COMPANY LIMITED

Client:

Contractor Doc. No.:

Title:

Rev: Engineering Doc. No.: Sheet: Client Doc. No.: 8 of 13 Date: 1477 SIZING CRITERIA FOR POWER CABLE AND FEEDER PROTECTION DEVICE SELECTION

The overload protection device must not cut-off the circuit when short-term overloads are generated during normal operation. Cases in which lines have to be protected against overloads are summarised below: 1) Supply of several shunts or loads for which, during the design phase, the

diversity factor was set to less than one. 2) 3) 4) Supply of motors or user equipment which may create overloads. Supply of loads through plug sockets. Supply of lines installed in locations with explosion or fire risks.

The overload protection device has been verified and coordinated with the line according to the following rules:

IB If where:

In IZ 1.45 IZ

[4] [5]

IB and IZ are data relative to the line: IB IZ = = current for which the circuit is designed continuous current carrying capacity of the cable

while In and If are data relative to the protection device:

In

nominal current of the protection device (for adjustable protective devices, the nominal current (In) is the selected setting current)

If

Current ensuring effective operation (tripping current) of the

Contractor:

Project:

Agip
AGIP OIL COMPANY LIMITED

Client:

Contractor Doc. No.:

Title:

Rev: Engineering Doc. No.: Sheet: Client Doc. No.: 9 of 13 Date: 1477 SIZING CRITERIA FOR POWER CABLE AND FEEDER PROTECTION DEVICE SELECTION

protective devices (conventional tripping current in conventional time for circuit breaker is 1.3 times the setting current (In) as indicated in IEC 947.4 code).

3. 3.1

DEFINITION OF CABLE CAPACITIES IN RELATION TO INSTALLATION CONDITIONS Standard operating conditions In order to ensure that maximum permissible temperatures of cable are not exceeded with a steady load, cable sizing in relation to thermal stresses during normal operation is carried out using rated cable capacities (IC) as reference, bearing in mind standard conditions defined in codes and which are generally as follows: a) for direct buried cables cable laid in one level ground temperature 25C thermal resistivity of ground @ 200C in cm/W laying depth: 1 m

b)

for overhead cables cable laid on one level air temperature 55C

3.2.

Actual installation conditions

Contractor:

Project:

Agip
AGIP OIL COMPANY LIMITED

Client:

Contractor Doc. No.:

Title:

Rev: Engineering Doc. No.: Sheet: Client Doc. No.: 10 of 13 Date: 1477 SIZING CRITERIA FOR POWER CABLE AND FEEDER PROTECTION DEVICE SELECTION

Where cables are installed in conditions other than standard conditions, the rated capacity IC is modified by applying multiplication coefficients (utilization factors) which determine the rated capacity of the cable under actual installation condition (IZ). This will be:

IZ = KU * IC

[6]

Ku is resulting from the product of the following factors:

KT KR KL KD KA KP

= = = = = =

ground or air temperature rating factor thermal resistivity rating factor of ground depth of burial rating factor duct laying rating factor water laying rating factor group rating factor

where:

Ic Ku

= =

cable rated current at standard operation condition total cable utilization factor

4.

SELECTION OF CABLES IN RELATION TO THE VOLTAGES Cable reference voltages have been selected on the basis of electrical system rated and maximum voltage values laid down in IEC 38.

Contractor:

Project:

Agip
AGIP OIL COMPANY LIMITED

Client:

Contractor Doc. No.:

Title:

Rev: Engineering Doc. No.: Sheet: Client Doc. No.: 11 of 13 Date: 1477 SIZING CRITERIA FOR POWER CABLE AND FEEDER PROTECTION DEVICE SELECTION

Electrical system data used for cables selection are the following

a) b) c) d) e)

rated voltage (U) maximum voltage (Um) frequency type of neutral earthing Uo/U

where

Uo

Rated voltage at power frequency between each conductor and the screen or sheath for which the cable and accessories have been designed

Rated voltage

5.

SELECTION OF FEEDER PROTECTION DEVICE A suitable protection is correct and adequate when the device installed in each feeder shall be able to satisfy the following conditions:

5.1.

Circuit breaker K2S2 I2t

Contractor:

Project:

Agip
AGIP OIL COMPANY LIMITED

Client:

Contractor Doc. No.:

Title:

Rev: Engineering Doc. No.: Sheet: Client Doc. No.: 12 of 13 Date: 1477 SIZING CRITERIA FOR POWER CABLE AND FEEDER PROTECTION DEVICE SELECTION

cable passing through-energy

let through energy of selected device

If current ensuring effective operation of protection device

1.45 Iz continuous current capacity of the cable

Icc min calculated value of short circuit current at the end of the cable

Im setting current of instantaneous short circuit protection

5.2.

Fuse The verifcation tests for FUSEprotection devices are the same as those specified for circuit breakers but instead of Icc min Im required verification is: - short circuit current at the end of the cable shall have sufficent energy to blow-out the fuse within 5 sec.

6.

RESULTS AND TEST Calculation results and verification tests in order to suitable and correct sizing shall include:

all verifications for protection device listed above in section 5 are satisfied the cable section verification is satisfying the relation: Sm S

Contractor:

Project:

Agip
AGIP OIL COMPANY LIMITED

Client:

Contractor Doc. No.:

Title:

Rev: Engineering Doc. No.: Sheet: Client Doc. No.: 13 of 13 Date: 1477 SIZING CRITERIA FOR POWER CABLE AND FEEDER PROTECTION DEVICE SELECTION

(required cable section)

(selected cable section)

where the selected cable section [S] is the nearest standard commercial section above the minimum calculated cable section (Sm) calculated as follows:

Sm

I 2t K

[7]

Note: 1) All values considered in the verifications to circuit breaker and protection device are taken from the brochure of the proposed Manufacture. Before order, the selected Supplier must confirm all values and that all tests shall be satisfied.

2)

Cable verification for generator and motor shall be identical.