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NEW EUROPEAN STANDARDS
FOR INTRUSION DETECTION & SURVEILLANCE



CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 1
2 FORMAT OF THE STANDARDS .............................................................................. 2
3 EN 50131 INTRUSION SYSTEMS........................................................................... 2
3.1 RISK ANALYSIS .........................................................................................2
3.2 DEVICE CLASSIFICATION...........................................................................3
3.3 QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL ................................................................3
3.4 SYSTEM DESIGN........................................................................................3
3.5 INSTALLATION...........................................................................................3
3.6 INSPECTION & TESTING.............................................................................3
3.7 DOCUMENTATION......................................................................................3
4 EN 50132 CCTV SYSTEMS...................................................................................... 4
4.1 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS .................................................................4
4.2 SYSTEM DESIGN........................................................................................5
4.3 CONTROL CENTRE CONFIGURATION ..........................................................6
4.4 TESTING.....................................................................................................7
4.5 INSTALLATION...........................................................................................7
4.6 COMMISSIONING........................................................................................7
4.7 MAINTENANCE..........................................................................................8
5 CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................. 8
6 FURTHER INFORMATION....................................................................................... 8




Abstract This paper explains outlines the new
European Standards relating to intrusion and
surveillance systems, EN 50131 and EN 50132. The
background to the development of the standards is
explained together with which parts of the standards
have been published, which parts are available in
draft and which are still awaited.

The report concentrates on the significant differences
between EN 50131 and BS 4737, the British Standard
that it will ultimately supercede and the Application
Guidelines contained within EN 50132. The later
provides overall guidance relating to the evaluation,
selection, installation, commissioning, use and
maintenance of surveillance systems.



1 INTRODUCTION

Within the different European countries, the standards
and practices used within the security industry vary
tremendously. Consequently, the quality and subsequent
cost of systems also show tremendous variation.

The European Standards Agency set itself the objective of
introducing harmonised standards across Europe so that
customers could more easily compare the quality and
effectiveness of products, installers could work in any
country, and manufacturers could sell products
throughout Europe.

Unifying the widely varying practices and standards is
proving to be a complex, onerous task, balancing the
need to maintain the high standards already in use in
some countries with the laxer, but significantly cheaper,
standards used elsewhere.
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Consequently the new standards are far from complete
and there has been much confusion about the dates from
which sections of the standards are expected to apply and
the dates that the original British Standards will be
withdrawn.

The British standard BS +737: 1971 has for many years
been the most crucial security standard within the
industry, firmly establishing the UK's credentials as a
nation committed to the protection of both assets and
people. Between 1971 and 1988 a further 22 new and
revised standards were issued by British Standards
committees relating to system installation, detectors,
signaling equipment, and maintenance and servicing.

!n 1979 CENELEC (European Committee for Electro-
Technical Standardisation) determined that work on new
standards for security systems could wait for those being
developed by the !EC (!nternational Electro-Technical
Commission). Consequently, national standards
committees refrained from starting work on any new
national standards, but waited for those published by
CENELEC. However, in 1988, it was decided that the !EC
documents were unsuitable; subsequently work began on
a new series of European Standards.

The first of these standards was published in the late
1990's, including EN 50131-1 (!ntrusion Systems- General
Requirements), EN 50131-6 (!ntrusion Systems- Power
Supplies) and a number of parts within EN 50136
(relating to Alarm Transmission Systems). Since then the
committees have found it difficult to reach agreement and
few others have been published.

CENELEC injected some momentum back into the process
by publishing several of the documents in Technical
Specification (TS) form. These are not quite full standards
but will become so in due course. The European
Standards will all eventually be adopted as identical
British Standards (prefixed by BS EN), some replacing
those already in existence.


2 FORMAT OF THE STANDARDS

Ultimately there will be several groups of standards:

EN 50130 - General Requirements
EN 51031 - !ntrusion Systems
EN 50132 - CCTv
EN 50133 - Access Control
EN 5013+ - Social Alarms
EN 50135 - Hold-Up Alarms
EN 50136 - Alarm Transmission Systems
EN 50137 - Combinedf!ntegrated Systems
EN 5+ - Fire Detection 8 Alarm Systems

This report is restricted to discussing the most relevant
sections of EN 51031 8 EN 51032, relating to !ntrusion
Systems and CCTv respectively.


3 EN 50131 INTRUSION SYSTEMS

3.1 RISK ANALYSIS

One of the most important Technical Specifications to be
published recently is TS 50131-7, which details
requirements for the installation and maintenance of
!ntrusion Systems. The most significant difference
between EN50131, relating to !ntrusion Systems, and
BS+737 is that the European Standard is a 'Structured
Standard'. Systems are graded according to the
perceived risk associated with a particular site and
equipment is classified in accordance with its intended
use. There are four system grades and grading is
dependent on:

Risk level associated with the premises
Contents value
Typical knowledge intruders might have

Grade 1 represents a low risk where intruders are
expected to have no or little knowledge of intruder alarm
systems and have access only to a limited range of easily
available tools.

Grade 2 represents low to medium risk, where intruders
might be expected to have a limited know-ledge of
intruder alarm systems and the use of more specific tools
and portable instruments.

Grade 3 represents medium to high-risk. !ntruders are
expected to be conversant with alarm systems and have
access to a comprehensive range of tools and portable
electronic equipment.

Grade 4 represents high-risk systems where security
takes precedence over all other factors. !ntruders might
be expected to plan an intrusion in detail and have access
to a full range of equipment (including the means to
substitute vital components of the alarm system).

The grading of the system determines the precise level or
operation of:

Authorisation & Access levels
Operations & Processing
Detection & Notification
Power supply & Tamper security
Monitoring of interconnections
Event recording

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3.2 DEVICE CLASSIFICATION

!n addition to grading the system, equipment within it is
classified according to its environmental performance,
determining where each device can be installed:

Class 1 - For use indoors within a controlled temperature
environment, i.e. residential or commercial premises
where temperature is maintained.

Class 2 - For use inside where temperature is
uncontrolled, i.e. hallways, corridors, unheated storage
areas or property where heating is intermittent.

Class 3 - For use in sheltered locations outdoors, where
components are not fully exposed to the prevailing
weather conditions.

Class 4 - For general, outdoors use where components
are fully exposed to the weather.


3.3 QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL

While British Standards do not require qualified individuals
to undertake risk assessments, design, install, maintain
and repair intrusion detection systems, the new European
Standards do. Any person carrying out any of these
operations must hold an appropriate qualification.

This will mean that surveyors, installers and service
personnel will have to prove their competency - i.e. by
holding a relevant qualification. However, at present,
precisely what constitutes a relevant qualification or
exactly how competency is to be measured has yet to be
defined.


3.4 SYSTEM DESIGN

The primary objectives of TS 50131-7, relating to the
installation and maintenance of intrusion systems, are
that systems perform and operate correctly whilst
minimizing the number of false alarms. The specification
addresses:

System design
Installation planning
System installation
Inspection, test, commissioning and acceptance
Documentation and records
Operation
Maintenance and repair

System design occurs after a location survey is
undertaken to identify the extent of the system and the
specific risks associated with the site. The level of risk
identified determines the grade of the system.
Undertaking a structured Risk Analysis is a fundamental
part of the survey. While no specific method for
conducting it has been prescribed, it should specify all the
potential risks to the premises.

The location survey leads to the production of a System
Design Proposal". This should include the grade of the
system (and any sub-systems) recommended, the
environmental class of all components and a schedule of
equipment. !t may also include diagrammatic
representations of equipment locations and the areas
covered by appropriate detectors. The System Design
Proposal should ensure that the design comprehensively
addresses all the risks identified by the location survey.


3.5 INSTALLATION

!nstallation planning encompasses a pre-installation
survey to identify any anticipated installation issues that
can be foreseen. The system design proposal will be
amended to reflect the results of the pre-installation
survey and an !nstallation Plan" produced. This provides
information such as the location and siting of each system
component, details of interconnections, cable types and
routing, settingfunsetting operations, circuit configuration,
warning device delay and duration periods. The plan
should also contain an equipment schedule.

System installation is subsequently undertaken by
qualified personnel who have the necessary training,
experience and tools for the job. Any deviation from the
design proposal and installation plan should be agreed, in
writing, with the customer. Equipment must be installed
and maintained in accordance with manufacturers'
recommendations and in accordance with the
environmental conditions in which it is expected to
operate.


3.6 INSPECTION & TESTING

On completion of the installation, it must be inspected
and tested to ensure that it meets the requirements of
the system design proposal and that it has been installed
in accordance with the installation plan. Each detector
must be tested individually and any changes to the
system that result from these functional tests must be
noted and recorded in the final As-Fitted Document".


3.7 DOCUMENTATION

All documentation, from the initial project proposal to the
final, as-fitted document must be clear, concise and
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unambiguous. The As-Fitted Document is an accurate
record of the installed system that is subsequently made
available to maintenance and service personnel. !t
includes descriptions of the equipment installed and its
location, cabling and cable routing etc.

Finally, the installation company should provide the client
with a Certificate of Conformance" which states that the
system has been installed in compliance with the As-
Fitted Document". This should also state if the system
complies with any legislation or regulations, whether
National or European.


4 EN 50132 CCTV SYSTEMS

EN 50132 will eventually consist of:

EN 50132 - 1: System Requirements
EN 50132 - 2-1: Black 8 White Cameras
EN 50132 - 2-2: Colour Cameras
EN 50132 - 2-3: Lenses
EN 50132 - 2-+: Ancillary Equipment
EN 50132 - 3: Local 8 Nain Control Unit
EN 50132 - +-1: Black 8 White Nonitors
EN 50132 - +-2: Colour Nonitors
EN 50132 - +-3: Recording Equipment
EN 50132 - +-+: Hard copy equipment;
EN 50132 - +-5: video motion detection equip't
EN 50132 - 5: video transmission;
EN 50132 - 6: Currently Unused
EN 50132 - 7: Application guidelines.

The purpose of the standard is to ensure that CCTv
systems function and perform adequately. !t gives
guidance to those responsible for establishing operational
requirements and evaluating potential systems together
with guidance for system selection, installation,
commissioning, use and maintenance. However, most
sections have not been finalized and it is part 7, relating
to the application guidelines, that is considered by this
report.


4.1 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

!t is recognised that individuals without appropriate
knowledge and expertise may need to be involved with
specifying requirements for a CCTv system. The standard
suggests that a document, detailing the operational
requirements, is written for subsequent development into
a full technical specification by a suitably qualified person.

The operational requirement is a key document for
system designers that states clearly what the customer
expects the functions of the system to do. !t should be
produced by the managers and operators and, in
particular, by those who use information from the pictures
gathered by the system. The document should:
a) Define the level of security required (threat or
risk assessment),
b) Define the areafvolume to be covered
(coverage),
c) Explain the purpose of covering each
areafvolume (function),
d) Decide the method for obtaining information
from pictures (manual or automatic),
e) Define the tasks to be performed as a result of
seeing each picture (outputs),
f) Define the response time expected from each
part of the system,
g) Decide the range of conditions under which the
system and its components are expected to
operate (environment),
h) Decide where and when tasks will be performed
and by whom (control),
i) Decide on the worst case number of
simultaneous events to which the system needs
to respond (workload),
j) Decide on training requirements, and
k) List any other relevant factors.

!n its simplest form, a CCTv system merely transmits
images from a camera for viewing on a monitor via a
private transmission system. The principle task of the
operator is to analyse the content of the displayed
pictures and take any actions deemed necessary.
Successful operation requires the active co-operation of
the user in carrying out recommended procedures and
maximum use should be made of automatic functions in
order to free the operator for essential tasks. Automation
of the following functions should be considered:

a) video switching
b) selection of camera preposition
c) monitoring equipment
d) lighting control
e) picture storage


4.1.1 ALARMS & RESPONSE TIMES

Alarm signals typically have priority over other inputs and,
irrespective of the degree of automation, the operator
should be able to take manual control of the system after
an alarm. Automation of picture selection should take the
following into consideration:
a) specifying those view(s) to be selected in each
area where an alarm condition occurs;
b) allocation of the monitors that display the
pictures from those cameras. On screen display
of the camera identification from a character
generator andfor a mimic diagram of the
installation can be useful;
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c) presentation of alarm pictures on designated
monitors;
d) handling of simultaneous alarm conditions;
e) which pictures are to be stored.

Response times should be minimized, in particular:

a) the time from the generation of an alarm signal
and its signaling to the CCTv system;
a) control centre switching on receipt of alarm;
b) camera positioning if pre-set functions on the
zoom lens and pan and tilt unit are used.
c) monitoring equipment start up time or change
from time lapse mode to normal mode if a time
lapse recorder is used.
d) operators response time if intervention is
required.

To minimise response times, cameras, monitors, video
recorders, etc. should be continuously on, and the system
should not generate more information than the operators
can effectively manage.


4.2 SYSTEM DESIGN

The following factors should be considered in relation to
system design:
a) the zones or objects requiring surveillance.
b) the number of cameras required and their
locations.
c) evaluation of existing lighting and the
consideration of new or additional illumination.
d) Selecting cameras and equipment appropriate
for the operating environment.
e) control centre configuration.
f) power supplies.
g) functional and operating procedures.
h) maintenance.


4.2.1 ZONE DETERMINATION

A surveillance system is designed to monitor events of
fundamental importance, such as a hold up or theft,
sabotage or vandalism, hazards etc. Typical examples of
monitoring applications are:
a) perimeter surveillance.
b) access control.
c) safety.
d) property protection.

Once zones and objects requiring surveillance have been
identified, the number of cameras can be determined by
the fields of view of the cameras, equipment and system
resolution and the nature of the zones to be surveyed.
Picture detail should be consistent and adequate for the
required level of service.

Operational requirements, as well as site constraints and
service access, may restrict camera locations and increase
the number of cameras required.


4.2.2 CAMERA AND LENS SELECTION

Selection of the correct lens type is equally important
since poor lens performance can significantly detract from
the overall performance of the system. Camera and lens
selection should take into account:
a) all specified environmental conditions,
b) site safety regulations,
a) white balance of colour cameras,
b) electronic iris in relation to picture degrading for
highlights,
c) long exposure times in relation to movement
blur,
d) spectral sensitivity in relation to the type of
illumination,
e) external synchronization,
f) back-up power supply.
c) the prevailing and intended worst case light
levels and types of light including !R etc.,
d) the focal length of the lens in relation to the size
of the image sensor in the camera to give the
required fields of view,
e) expected maximum and minimum light levels,
f) the resolution to reproduce the detail to give the
necessary information in the fields of view, and
g) the lens image area should be equal to or
greater than the effective diagonal of the
imaging device in the camera.
h) The lens field of view (indicated in the
manufacturer's nominal figure tables) may be
reduced by any overscan in the display device,
i) the illumination of the sensor in the camera is
defined by the aperture number of the lens and
its transmission number, which is dependent on
the design of the lens,
j) internal lens reflections and ghosting can
significantly impair the image,
k) some zoom lenses are subject to ramping
whereby the effective aperture number of the
lens increases as the focal length is increased,
and
l) accuracy of the preset shots if fitted.



4.2.3 RECOMMENDED OBJECT SIZES

The size of an object (target) on the monitor screen
should have a relation to the operator task, e.g.
identification, recognition, detection or monitoring. !f the
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target is a person and the CCTv system has an installed
limiting resolution of better than +00 tv lines, the
recommended minimum sizes of this target are:
Identification - the target should represent not less
than 120 of screen height.

Recognition the target should represent not less than
50 of picture height.

Detection of an intruder the target should represent not
less than 10 of picture height.

Monitoring - i.e. crowd control - the target should
represent not less than 5 of picture height.


4.2.4 ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT

!t is important to select and install the correct ancillary
equipment for mounting the cameras. !n addition to the
environmental conditions, consideration should be given
to:

Camera housings
a) vandal resistance,
b) internal temperature rise as a function of
equipment heat dissipation,
c) camera and lens mounting arrangement should
allow for the separation of video signal earth and
housing and local safety earth, and
d) access to the camera and lens, etc. for
maintenance.

Pan and tilt units
a) platform loading,
b) pan and tilt unit backlash on both axes,
c) speed and range of movement of pan and tilt,
d) torque figures in relation to unbalanced platform
loading and wind load, and
e) accuracy of the preset shots, if fitted.

Towers and brackets:
a) fixing positions should allow for mechanical
stability, future access and safe working.
b) brackets and towers should be selected to
support the maximum weight of the equipment
and to provide sufficient rigidity for the camera
equipment and other devices,
c) camera towers should preferably be of the winch
down or pivot type and be positioned to provide
safe access for service,
d) no equipment should be mounted near overhead
high voltage cables,
e) anti tamper devices should be employed where
required,
f) mounting equipment siting should not
compromise the overall security of the site, and
g) moving cameras should have sufficient clearance
from adjacent objects.

4.2.5 EVALUATION OF SCENE AND ILLUMINATION

The existing lighting should be evaluated for level,
direction and spectral content. Optimal light sources are
those that have a spectrum that best matches the camera
imaging device response. !f additional lighting is required,
the number, type, siting and power of the light sources
should be determined taking into consideration:
a) light efficiency and photometric performance,
b) area to be surveyed by cameras,
c) sensitivity and spectral response of the cameras
- particularly colour cameras,
d) reflectance of the materials making up the
majority of the surveyed area,
e) time delay to reach the specified light output of
the lamp after switch on,
f) loss of light due to ageing or lamp failure,
g) illumination over the scene being surveyed
should be as even as possible avoiding any area
of very low light illumination. The ratio of
maximum to minimum illumination within the
covered area of any scene should ideally be + : 1
or better.
h) lights should be mounted so that they do not
impair the camera picture quality. The preferred
position for the light is above the camera - the
camera should not view the scene through
intense beams of light,
i) safe access to the lamps for bulb changing,
j) particular attention should be paid to the
direction of illumination. The aim is to produce a
maximum of contrast for intruder detection. An
object can only be detected if its brightness is
different to that of its background,
k) for identification and recognition purposes,
illumination should enable detailed features of
the object as stated in the operational
requirement to be observed.
l) constant illumination or quickly changing lighting
conditions,
m) static or transient highlights in a uniform picture,
n) environmental influences on visibility like rain,
fog, etc.


4.3 CONTROL CENTRE CONFIGURATION

The operational requirement and personnel available are
the factors determining the number of control locations
and equipment configuration of the control centre. These
parameters may be totally different at each site. !n
general, surveillance activities should be concentrated at
a centre sited in protected premises. The control centre
configuration criteria may be divided into:
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a) system parameters.
b) site constraints.
c) number of monitors and their screen size.
d) use of picture storage.
e) video switcher.
f) camera control panel.
g) equipment siting. and
h) equipment power dissipation and the possible
need for air conditioning.

The system parameters are used to determine the
number of monitors, possible requirement for and types
of picture storage equipment (e.g. video tape recorders),
and other equipment such as video printers, etc. The site
constraints determine the location and physical lay-out of
the (central) CCTv control unit.

The number of monitors should be determined on the
basis of the number of cameras installed, functional
considerations and the number of operators on duty at
one time. The camera to monitor ratio should normally
not exceed 10 : 1 and the number of monitors should be
sufficient to display the maximum number of
simultaneous alarms as stated in the operational
requirement. The monitor screen size should be selected
in relation to the viewing distance. (The recommended
viewing distance is approx. 5 times the displayed picture
diagonal).

The use of at least one picture storage device, e.g. video
recorder, fitted with a timefdate generator, is
recommended at each site. Consideration should be given
to event driven real time recording (event recording), the
possible use of time multiplex recording and whether loss
of recording during media changes or play-back is
acceptable.

The design of the video switcher or matrix is directly
related to:
a) the number of cameras,
b) the number of outputs for monitors etc.
c) grouping criteria,
d) camerafmonitorfcontrol configuration.
e) manual, automatic or sequential switching, and
f) alarm handling.


The control desk should be ergonomically designed with
particular attention being paid to monitor siting in order
to avoid reflections from extraneous light sources from
the monitor screens. video storage equipment and
storage media should be installed in protected areas,
preferably inaccessible to unauthorised persons, and
control equipment should be suitably protected.


4.4 TESTING

Once a satisfactory specification has been produced a
system test specification can be drawn up. The system
test specification should cover both tests that will be used
for acceptance testing and those to be performed in a
periodic test routine. Care should be taken that such tests
are selected to ensure that the system will fully meet its
operational requirement. Points to be covered should be
agreed between the customer and the supplier. The level
of visual performance testing may include a visual
examination of displayed picture quality and coverage of
the surveyed areas in addition to either walk test or the
use of a standardised test target.


4.5 INSTALLATION

Prior to commencing work, all relevant safety
requirements should be considered. These will vary with
the nature of the premises and may involve special
installation equipment when working in hazardous areas.
Electric installation methods should comply with both
national and site regulations. !nstallation should be
undertaken by technicians who are suitably qualified.

Cable routes should be planned to provide the shortest
practical distance between the equipment locations.
Consideration should be given to any future expansion of
the system and any likely changes to the site.

Sufficient documentation should be created to allow for
the identification of all cables, their routing, type and
purpose. The level of documentation will depend on the
complexity of the individual system, however, it should be
sufficient for correct operation, safe maintenance and
future expansion of the system.


4.6 COMMISSIONING

Prior to handing over the system to the customer, a
qualified person should perform an inspection and test
comprising of:
a) the visual and functional check of all parts of the
CCTv surveillance installation. The basis for the
functional check should be the test specification
for the system developed from the operational
requirement and system specification.
the visual test covers the standard of
workmanship of the installation, the
functional quality of the equipment and their
compliance with the system specification.
the functional test includes checking the
functional compatibility of the components
of the installation.
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inspection tests may be carried out on parts
of the installation as they are completed.
b) confirmation that the operator manual and
documentation for the system is complete.
c) the performance specification and results from
performance testing together with a signed
inspection report.
d) recommended maintenance schedule if no
maintenance contract has been agreed.
e) if the operational requirement states that
training is to be provided then the supplier
should provide sufficient training to ensure
correct operation of the system.

4.7 MAINTENANCE

Systems must be maintained periodically in accordance
with the schedule supplied by the system designer or
supplier. Where special test instruments and tools are
required for maintenance, this should be stated in the
maintenance plan. Prior to the maintenance the test
instruments should be checked for correct calibration.
When periodic tests are to be carried out during
maintenance this should be stated in the schedule.
Sufficient spare parts should be available to carry out any
necessary repairs. The results of the periodic tests should
be recorded and compared with previous tests.
Naintenance and testing should only be carried out by
qualified personnel.

!f modifications are made to the CCTv surveillance
installation or to its configuration, documentation should
be updated and an inspection test carried out on the
relevant parts of the system.


5 CONCLUSION

The introduction of unified, European Standards is
undoubtedly a good idea that will contribute significantly
to increasing the professionalism of the security and
surveillance industry. The grading structure will make it
easier to install and assess systems making ineffective,
poorly designed and badly installed systems increasingly
rare.


The Euro Standard BS EN 50131-1 introduces a 'risk
based' approach to designing security systems based on
the risk and the anticipated skill of the burglar. However,
whereas BS +737 is a full suite of standards, the ES
50131 and 50132 standards are at present an incomplete
suite of unfinished drafts moving slowly through the
various European committees. Until the whole suite of
European Standards is complete BS +737 will remain
important.
Salent works to !SO standards and can implement any
size of security system smoothly, to specification, on time
and within budget. A key factor is our Quality
!mplementation System (Q!S). This provides a clear,
structured implementation methodology that enables us
to identify and address all client risks at the outset.
!mportantly, it builds on the recommendations contained
within both British and European Standards to ensure
successful system implementation. For further
information about Salent's implementation methodology,
please request a copy of our Q!S datasheet.

Salent take great pride in the quality of our products and
the exemplary customer service we provide. From project
initiation to system migration and post-implementation
support we strive to exceed your every expectation. This
means that you can concentrate on your business,
confident that a successful implementation is guaranteed.


6 FURTHER INFORMATION

Salent Technologies is at the forefront of the revolution
that is introducing Open Standards into the CCTv
surveillance industry. Salent has a vast amount of
experience in both analogue and digital network
technology and can provide valuable guidance when
specifying the requirements of a Networked Surveillance
system. Please contact us to obtain product information
and guidance, or to arrange a product demonstration.

Salent Technologies Ltd

Fowan House, Wyndford 8rae, PhIlpstoun,
Nr LInlIthgow, West LothIan, EH49 6FN, UK

Tel: +44 (0)845 22 66 508
Fax: +44(0)845 22 66 509

Info@salent.co.uk www.salent.co.uk