HSPS FACULTY, PART IIB, Pol 11 2013-14 Politics of East Asia Course Organiser Tomas Larsson Lecturers and

supervisors Tomas Larsson Kun-Chin Lin Juliette Genevaz Pongsiri Vorapongse Robert Weatherley Paper outline Aims and objectives This course provides an introduction to the political history, institutions, and issues of contemporary East Asia, with a focus on China and Southeast Asia. The course will enable students to analyze the causes and consequences of the processes of political and economic change that China and the countries of Southeast Asia have experienced over the past century. The course will also discuss the significance of the rapid economic growth of the Chinese and Southeast Asian economies and the durability of non-liberal political regimes in a comparative context. Students will thereby be able to evaluate the usefulness of a number of central social science theories and concepts for understanding the politics of East Asia. Summary of the paper content The paper consists of two series of lectures. One series of lectures explores Southeast Asian politics, and a second series of lectures explores Chinese politics. Mode of teaching The teaching for this paper consists of lectures, supervisions, and two revision classes. Students are expected to write a minimum of six essays (arrangements for students choosing the long essay option is explained at the end of the guide). The course organiser will organise supervisions. Mode of assessment This paper will be assessed by one three-hour undivided exam paper with a total of 16 questions. 8 questions pertain to the Politics of China and 8 questions pertain to the Politics of Southeast Asia. Candidates will be asked to answer three questions. Students also have the option to submit two 5,000-word essays (on questions given below) instead of sitting the exam. Introduction to the paper [Politics of China] This introductory course applies relevant political theories to the analysis of modern Chinas political system and development, providing the student with a basic understanding of the core dynamics of Chinese politics. Following a survey on Chinas political culture and tradition, the rise of modern thl33@cam.ac.uk kcl35@cam.ac.uk juliettegenevaz@gmail.com pv265@cam.ac.uk robert.weatherley@mills-reeve.com

China, and the origins of Chinese communism, the course discusses how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) transformed Chinese society and Chinas political and economic systems during the 1950s and 1960s, and how intra-Party struggles over power and policy directions led to the Cultural Revolution. It then examines the origins, policy content, outcomes and outstanding problems of postMao reforms. The major themes include Chinas transition toward a market economy, the restructuring of political power, changing state-society relations, and prospects for sustainable development. [Politics of Southeast Asia] Southeast Asia is one of the most diverse regions of the world in terms of ethnic identities, economic trajectories, and political regimes. The paper will address the causes and consequences of such diversity. In doing so, we will address fundamental questions about social change in comparative perspective. Why do some countries appear peaceful and orderly, while other countries are plagued by violence and strife? Why are democratic norms and practices taking root in some parts of the region, while authoritarian regimes endure elsewhere? Why have some countries rapidly become more prosperous, while other countries remain mired in poverty? In addressing these questions, we will explore the varied legacies of colonialism and Cold War geopolitics. To properly reflect the regions characteristic diversity, the lectures and readings will cover a relatively large number of countries, including Burma/Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Singapore. The first lecture provides a brief introduction to the Southeast Asian region and the main themes of the paper. The remainder of the paper is divided into four sections. The first section (consisting of two lectures) explores the process of state formation in pre-colonial and colonial Southeast Asia. The second section (consisting of five lectures), entitled Democracy and its discontents in Southeast Asia, explores the dynamics of regime change and political development in Southeast Asia, with a particular focus on the various ways in which Southeast Asian political actors have seized and lost political power, and the ways in which citizens have sought to hold governments to account and ensure good governance. The third section (consisting of three lectures) explores the political underpinnings of economic development in Southeast Asia, considering some developmental successes as well as failures. The fourth and final section (consisting of five lectures) takes a close look at the causes and consequences of political violence and coercion in Southeast Asia. Topics covered here include international security, separatist conflict, genocide, and efforts to tame wild peoples and spaces. Outline of Lectures The following books are useful as introduction readings, but students have to supplement these by readings specified under each lecture title. The SPS library will have most of the specified readings; others will be available at the UL. Many of the specified books are also available in the Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies Library, on the Sidgwick site, and in the library of the Centre of South Asian Studies, in the Alison Richard Building. [Politics of China] Students who might benefit from a generalist introduction to modern Chinese history, politics and governance institutions should read the following books in advance: Mark Blecher, China against the Tides. Rana Mitter, Modern China: a very short introduction. Jonathan Spence, The Search for Modern China. Yong-nian Zheng, Contemporary China: A History since 1978. In addition to the K. Lieberthal text used extensively below, students might wish to acquire the
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following two popular alternatives: Tony Saich, Governance and politics of China. June T. Dreyer, Chinas Political System: Modernization and Tradition. For a broader survey of contemporary issues, see: Joseph Fewsmith, China Today, China Tomorrow: Domestic Politics, Economy, and Society. Christopher Ogden, Handbook of China's Governance and Domestic Politics. [Politics of Southeast Asia] The following books provide good introductions to the history, politics, and international relations of Southeast Asia: Acharya, Amitav. (2013). The making of Southeast Asia: International relations of a region. Cornell University Press. Dayley, Robert, & Clark D Neher. (2009). Southeast Asia in the new international era. Westview Press. (5th edition.) Osborne, Milton. (2013). Southeast Asia: An introductory history. Allen & Unwin. (11th edition.) Rodan, Garry, Kevin Hewison, and Richard Robison, eds. 2006. The political economy of South-East Asia: Markets, power and contestation. Oxford University Press. (3rd edition.) Many articles can be accessed electronically through the course website on CamTools. It is also possible to get online access to articles by obtaining a password from the University Library (see www.lib.cam.ac.uk/electronicresources). When you go through the assigned and recommended readings, do so with a critical eye. Always try to answer these (and similar) questions: What is the question that the author is trying to answer? What outcome is being explained? What factors cause the outcome? How do these factors cause the outcome? What type of evidence is used to support the argument? How good is that evidence? Have some important factors/considerations been left out? Are there alternative explanations that are just as plausible? The marked readings are required readings; unmarked readings are recommended for students who are particularly interested in the topic. Politics of China, by Kun-Chin Lin 16 lectures, one lecture per week. 8 lectures in Michaelmas term, weeks 1-8; 8 lectures in Lent term, weeks 1-8. One revision class in Easter term. There are no formal prerequisites for this course. It would be helpful for you to read widely on Chinese history and contemporary developments. The primary obligation of the student is to read assigned materials for each week and to be prepared for supervisions. I have kept the readings relatively light and offered flexibility in weekly thematic focus in hope that you will conscientiously do them every week prior to the lecture. I also expect you to take a few minutes to reflect on the weekly discussion questions and relate them to current events. Lecture 1: Dynastic China governing ideology and institutions Kenneth Lieberthal, Governing China: From Revolution Through Reform. Chapter 1, pp. 326. John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman, China: A New History. Part 1, pp. 27-161.

Zhengyuan Fu, Autocratic Tradition and Chinese Politics. W. Jenner, The Tyranny of History: The Roots of Chinas Crisis. Jonathan D. Spence. The Gate of Heavenly Peace: the Chinese and their revolution 1895-1980. Harrison E. Salisbury. The New Emperors: China in the era of Mao and Deng. Questions: What was the political and institutional legacy of the dynastic China? To what extent did Chinas Balkanized political system and fragmented national markets prevent a successful national response to external threats? How did the major failures of governance add up to an enduring metanarrative of the century of humiliation in foreign hands? Lecture 2: The Chinese economy traditional organizational templates Hill Gates, Chinas Motor: a thousand years of petty capitalism. Madeleine Zelin, Economic Freedom in Late Imperial China in Realms of Freedom in Modern China, William Kirby, ed.

Sherman Cochran, Big Business in China. William Goetzmann and Elisabeth Koll, The History of Corporate Ownership in China. (First Draft, 19 September, 2002) NBER Chapters, in: A History of Corporate Governance around the World: Family Business Groups to Professional Managers, pages 149-184 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Search for a downloadable version. Gary Hamilton, Overseas Chinese Capitalism in Confucian Traditions in East Asian Modernity, edited by Tu Wei-ming. Wen-hsin Yeh, Corporate Space, Communal Time: Everyday Life in Shanghais Bank of China. American Historical Review (Feb. 1995). M. Zelin, ed., Contract and Property Rights in Early Modern China. M. Zelin, The Merchants of Zigong, Industrial Enterprise in Early Modern China Harriet T. Zurndorfer, Confusing Confucianism With Capitalism: Culture As Impediment And/Or Stimulus To Chinese Economic Development. Unpublished paper available at: www2.lse.ac.uk/economicHistory/Research/GEHN/.../Conf3_HZurndorfer.pdf Questions: The conventional wisdom of an inept Qing government failing to rein in official corruption and to regulate private businesses has come under critical scrutiny by historians in recent years. Considering the various forms of economic transactions studied above, how would you critically summarize government-business relations in the Qing-to-Republican era? Do petty, household- or network-based commercial ventures amount to a distinguishable type of capitalism? If so, how does it confound Max Webers or Karl Marxs dim view of historical capitalism in China? Lecture 3: Possibilism, exceptionalism, and determinism in the Republican era Rana Mitter, Bitter Revolution. Frank Diktter, Age of Openness.

Linsun Cheng, Banking in Modern China: Entrepreneurs, Professional Managers, and the Development of Chinese Banks, 18971937. William Kirby, Realms of Freedom. Elisabeth Koll, Control and Ownership during War and Occupation: The Da Sheng Corporation, 19371949. Asia Pacific Business Review 7, no. 2 (winter 2000): 111-128. Elisabeth Koll, Chinese Railroads, Local Society, and Foreign Presence: The Tianjin-Pukou Line in pre-1949 Shandong in Manchurian Railways and the Opening of China: An International History, Bruce A. Elleman and Stephen Kotkin, ed. Elizabeth J. Remick, Building Local States: China during the republican and post-Mao eras. Elizabeth J. Remick, Prostitution Taxes and Local State Building in Republican China. Modern
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China, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Jan., 2003), pp. 38-70. Qin Shao, Tempest over Teapots: The Vilification of Teahouse Culture in Early Republican China. The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 57, No. 4 (Nov., 1998), pp. 1009-1041. William T. Rowe, The Public Sphere in Modern China. Modern China, Vol. 16, No. 3 (Jul., 1990), pp. 309-329. Followed up discussions in Modern China, Vol. 19, No. 2, Symposium: "Public Sphere"/"Civil Society" in China? Paradigmatic Issues in Chinese Studies, III (Apr., 1993). Julia Strauss, Strong Institutions in Weak Polities. David Strand, Rickshaw Beijing. Wang Di, The Teahouse: Small Business, Everyday Culture, and Public Politics in Chengdu, 19001950. Questions: How receptive were Chinese reformers to Western ideas in the 1920s-30s, and did they have societal support through lively forums in the civil society or public sphere? How did nationalism play out in shaping these adaptation discourses? How did national and local governments respond to disruptions to core the bureaucratic tasks? Lecture 4: The rise if the Chinese communists Lieberthal, Governing China, Chapter 2, pp. 27-56. Lucien Bianco, Origins of the Chinese Revolution, 1915-1949. Fairbank and Goldman, China: A New History, Parts 2&3, pp. 163-341.

Chen Yungfa, Making Revolution: The Communist Movement in Eastern and Central China, 1937-1945 Chalmers Johnson, Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power. Rana Mitter, China's War with Japan, 1937-1945: The Struggle for Survival. Stuart R. Schram, ed. Maos Road to Power: revolutionary writings 1912-1949. Benjamin I. Schwartz . Chinese communism and the rise of Mao. Mark Selden, The Yenan Way in Revolutionary China. Hans van de Ven, From Friend to Comrade: the Founding of the Chinese Communist Party. Hans van de Ven, ed, New States of War: Communist and Nationalist Warfare and State Building, 19281934 in Warfare in Chinese History, Hans van de Ven, ed. Discussion: In what sense did the Communists outperformed the incumbent Nationalist government in military strategies, organizational coherence, public relations, land reform and livelihood policies, and leadership, etc.? How important was the influence of foreign actors in the outcome of the Chinese civil war? Lecture 5: Socialist transformation Lieberthal, Governing China, Chapters 3-4, pp. 59-122. Fairbank and Goldman, China: A New History, Chapter 18, pp. 345-67.

Tie-jun Cheng and Mark Selden, The Origins and Social Consequences of Chinas Hukou System, China Quarterly 139 (Sept 1994): 644-68. Mark W. Frazier, The Making of the Chinese Industrial Workplace: State, Revolution, and Labor Management. Chapters 4-7. Elizabeth Perry, Shanghais Strike Wave of 1957, China Quarterly 137 (March 1994): 1-27. Ezra Vogel, Canton under Communism: programs and politics in a provincial capital, 1949-1968. Questions: How closely did the Chinese follow the Soviet model until the 1960s? What where the major tensions inherent in the adaptation process, and how did Chinese elite politics influence the resolution of these tensions? Lecture 6: The Great Leap Forward

Kenneth Lieberthal, The Great Leap Forward and the Split in the Yanan Leadership, in Roderick MacFarquhar, ed., The Politics of China: The Eras of Mao and Deng, pp. 87-147. Fairbank and Goldman, China: A New History, Chapter 19, pp. 368-82. Jasper Becker, Hungry Ghosts: Chinas Secret Famine.

Roderick MacFarquahar, Timothy Cheek, Eugene Wu, eds. The Secret Speeches of Chairman Mao: From the Hundred Flowers to the Great Leap Forward. Ralph Thaxton, Catastrophe and Contention in Rural China. Ross Terrill, Mao: A Biography. Dali L. Yang, Calamity and Reform in China: State, Rural Society, and Institutional Change since the Great Leap Famine (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996). Questions: What can prevent the Great Leap Forward or similar policy follies of such miserable scale from happening in China? Would you say that this campaign was due to the authoritarian nature of the Mao-dominated party-state or the blind urgency of late development? Lecture 7: The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution Harry Harding, The Chinese State in Crisis, 1966-9, in MacFarquhar, The Politics of China, pp. 148-247. Roderick MacFarquhar, The Succession to Mao and the End of Maoism, 1969-82, in MacFarquhar, The Politics of China, pp. 248-339. Fairbank, China: A New History, Chapter 20, pp. 383-405. CCP, Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China as translated in Orville Schell and David Shambaugh, ed. The China reader: the reform era, pp. 37-49.

Roderick MacFarquahar, The Origins of the Cultural Revolution Volumes I-III. Roderick MacFarquhar and Michael Schoenhals Maos Last Revolution. Lynn T. White III, Policies of Chaos: the Organizational Causes of Violence in Chinas Cultural Revolution. Shaoguang Wang. Failure of Charisma: the Cultural Revolution in Wuhan. Joel Andreas, Rise of the Red Engineers: the Cultural Revolution and the origins of Chinas new class. There are several great CR biographies, e.g.: Gao Yuan, Born Red (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987); Iris Chang, Wild Swans (Flamingo, 1993); Zhisui Li, The Private Life of Chairman Mao (London: Chatto & Windus, 1994). More fun to read than anything you might pick up at an airport kiosk! Questions: Was the Cultural Revolution a conservative or radical campaign? What lasting effects did it have on central and local government relations, state-society relations, age and gender relations, and elite politics? Lecture 8: The emergence of economic reform Lieberthal, Governing China, Chapter 5, pp. 123-67. Joseph Fewsmith, China since Tiananmen: The Politics of Transition, Chapters 1-2. Susan Shirk, The Political Logic of Economic Reform in China, Chapter 1 -2.

Richard Baum, Burying Mao: Chinese politics in the age of Deng Xiaoping. Chris Bramall, Sources of Chinese economic growth, 1978-1996.
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Hongbin Cai and Daniel Triesman, Did governments decentralization cause Chinas economic miracle? World Politics, 58.4 (2006) p.505-35. http://www.polisci.ucla.edu/faculty/treisman/did_government.pdf J. Fewsmith, Dilemmas of Reform in China: Political Conflict and Economic Debate. David S. G. Goodman. Deng Xiaoping and the Chinese Revolution: A Political Biography. Hehui Jin, Qian Yingyi and Barry Weingast, Regional Decentralization and Fiscal Incentives: Federalism Chinese Style, Journal of Public Economics, Vol.89, No.9-10, pp.1719-1742, Sep. 2005. Also available online: http://www-econ.stanford.edu/faculty/workp/swp99013.pdf Yi-Min Lin. Between Politics and Markets: Firms, Competition, and Institutional Change in Post-Mao China Victor Nee and David Stark, ed. Remaking the Economic Institutions of Socialism. L. Lau, Y. Qian and G. Roland. Reform without Losers (1998). An electronic draft version available at: http://www-siepr.stanford.edu/workp/swp99010.pdf Dorothy Solinger, China's Transition from Socialism? Statist Legacies and Market Reforms, 1980-90. D. Solinger, Three Visions of Chinese Socialism. Questions: Some have characterized Chinas transition as a case of successful political management. How did the Chinese reformers engineer the precarious balance of social and political interests? How did elite dissension contribute to the gradualist policy approach? What were the major pitfalls of this approach? Lecture 9: Transition toward capitalism Loren Brandt and Thomas Rawski, Chinas Great Economic Transformation. Gregory C. Chow. Chinas Economic Transformation. Nicholas R. Lardy, China's Unfinished Economic Revolution.

Lowell Dittmer and Liu Guoli, Chinas Deep Reform. Ross Garnaut, Ligang Song and Yang Yao, Chinas Ownership Transformation. Kate Hannan, Industrial Change in China: Economic Restructuring and Conflicting Interests. Yasheng Huang, Selling China. Lin Justin Yifu, Cai Fang, and Li Zhou, The China Miracle. Barry Naughton, Growing Out of the Plan, and The Chinese Economy: transitions and growth. Victor Shih, Factions and Finance in China: Elite Conflict and Inflation. Kellee S. Tsai. Back-Alley Banking: private entrepreneurs in China. Shahid Yusuf, Kaoru Nabeshima and Dwight H. Perkins, Under New Ownership: privatizing Chinas state-owned enterprises. David L. Wank, Commodifying Communism: Business, Trust, and Politics in a Chinese City. Andrew Wedeman, From Mao to Market. Jinglian Wu, Understanding and Interpreting Chinese Economic Reform. Various by Wing Thye Woo: http://www.econ.ucdavis.edu/faculty/woo/woo.html Dali L Yang, Beyond Beijing: Liberalization and the Regions in China. Linda Yueh, ed., Enterprising China: Business, Economics and Law. The China Quarterly, No. 144, Special Issue: China's Transitional Economy. (Dec., 1995). Many good articles reflecting the state of reform in the early 1990s, check out the summary article at: http://www.ln.edu.hk/mkt/staff/gcui/andrew.pdf Questions: What is the basic dilemma in the Chinese states transformation of its ownership and regulatory roles? What are the political, fiscal, and domestic financial market barriers against privatization? In what sense do these contradictions indicate incomplete transition, and in what sense they are intrinsic to the institutional and political fabric of the unique brand of Chinese capitalism? Lecture 10: Rural development and peasant burdens Thomas Bernstein and Xiaobo Lu, Taxation without Representation in Contemporary Rural China.
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Jean C. Oi, Two Decades of Rural Reform in China: An Overview and Assessment, China Quarterly, 159 (September 1999), pp. 616-28.

Nicholas Lardy, Agriculture in Chinas Modern Economic Development. Hongbin Li and Scott Rozelle, Privatizing Rural China: Insider Privatization, Innovative Contracts and the Performance of Township Enterprises. China Quarterly, Dec. 2003, No.176, pp.981-1005 Xiande Li, Rethinking the Peasant Burden: Evidence from a Chinese Village, Journal of Peasant Studies, vol. 30, nos. 3-4 (April-July 2003), pp. 45-74. Albert Park and Changqing Ren, Microfinance with Chinese Characteristics. World Development 29(1), January 2001: 39-62. Kellee S. Tsai, Imperfect Substitutes: The Local Political Economy of Informal Finance and Microfinance in Rural China and India. World Development 32(9), September 2004: 14871507. Anita Chan, Richard Madsen, and Jonathan Unger. Chen Village [3rd ed.]. Tamara Jacka. Womens Work in Rural China: change and continuity in an era of reform. Questions: In what sense are the Chinese peasants footing the bill for rapid industrialization during the reform era? How might their plight be addressed by redistribution and pricing policies, by migration and urbanization, or by political institutions of accountability and elections? Lecture 11: Civil-military relations [guest lecturer Dr Juliette Genevaz] David Shambaugh, Modernizing Chinas Military: Problems, Progress, and Prospects. Andrew Scobell, Chinas Use of Military Force: Beyond the Great Wall and the Long March.

William C. Hannas, James Mulvenon and Anna B. Puglisi, Chinese Industrial Espionage: Technology Acquisition and Military Modernisation Ellis Joffe, The Chinese army after Mao. Question: How have military interests intervened in the past few elite leadership transitions and in foreign affairs? Lecture 12: Harmony and contention in state-society relations Select one from the following three topics: A. Post-socialist workers: Yongshun Cai, Collective Resistance in China: why popular protests succeed or fail. Ching Kwan Lee, Against the Law: Labor Protests in China's Rustbelt and Sunbelt.

Mark Frazier, Socialist Insecurity. T. Gold, W. Hurst, J. Won, and L. Qiang, ed., Laid-Off Workers in a Workers' State: Unemployment With Chinese Characteristics. William Hurst, The Chinese Worker After Socialism. S. Kuruvilla, M. Gallagher, and C.K. Lee. ed., From Iron-Rice Bowl to Informalization: Markets, State and Workers in a Changing China. Dorothy Solinger, States' Gains, Labor's Losses: China, France, and Mexico Choose Global Liaisons, 1980-2000. B. Various interest groups: Elizabeth Perry and Merle Goldman. Grassroots Political Reform in Contemporary China.

Merle Goldman and Roderick MacFarquhar, eds., The Paradox of Chinas Post-Mao Reforms, Chapters 8-14, pp. 173-329.

J. Fewsmith, ed. China Today, China Tomorrow: Domestic Politics, Economy, and Society. Elizabeth Perry and Mark Selden, eds. Chinese Society: change, conflict and resistance. Deborah Davis and Feng Wang, Creating Wealth and Poverty in Postsocialist China. Peter Hays Gries and Stanley Rosen, ed. State and society in 21st century China: crisis, contention, and legitimation. Andrew Mertha, Chinas Water Warriors. Wang Feng, Boundaries and Categories: rising inequality in post-socialist urban China. Martin King Whyte, ed. One Country, Two Societies: rural-urban inequality in contemporary China. C. Law, legality, and society Neil J. Diamant, Stanley B. Lubman, and Kevin J. O'Brien, eds. Engaging the law in China: state, society, and possibilities for justice. Kevin OBrien and Li Lianjiang, Rightful Resistance in Rural China.

Kevin OBrien, Collective Action in the Chinese Countryside, China Journal, no. 48 (2002), pp. 139-154. Kevin OBrien, Popular Protest in China. Dorothy Solinger, Contesting Citizenship in Urban China. You-tien Hsing and Ching Kwan Lee , Reclaiming Chinese Society: The New Social Activism. Questions: Describe the menu of options for the state to engage rising social forces. How successful are the state strategies in coping with winners and losers of market reform? Lecture 13: Un-civil society Bruce Dickson, Red Capitalists in China. And From Wealth to Power. Xu Guangqiu. Anti-Western Nationalism: 1989-1999, World Affairs 163/4 (2001), pp.15162. Zhao Suisheng. A State-Led Nationalism: The Patriotic Education Campaign in PostTiananmen China, Communist and Post-Communist Studies 31/3 (1998), pp.287-302. Zhang and Weatherley 'Owning Up to the Past: The KMT's Role in the War Against Japan and the Impact on CCP Legitimacy', Pacific Review, 26, 3 (2013) pp.221-242.

Jean-Pierre Cabestan, The Many Facets of Chinese Nationalism, China Perspectives 59 (2005), http://chinaperspectives.revues.org/2793 Chien-Ming Chao and Bruce Dickson, Bruce. Remaking the Chinese State: Strategies, Society, and Security. Xuezhi Guo, China's Security State: Philosophy, Evolution, and Politics. Pierre Landry, Decentralized Authoritarianism in China: the Communist Partys control of local elites in the post-Mao era. Chunling Li, Profile of Middle Class in Mainland China. Published online by the Institute of Sociology of CASS at: http://www.sociology.cass.cn/pws/lichunling/grwj_lichunling/P020090525597135469507.pdf Margaret Pearson, Governing the Chinese Economy: Regulatory and Administrative Reform in the Service of the State. Public Administration Review, 67(4), 2007. Frank Pieke, The Good Communist. David Shambaugh, Chinas Communist Party: atrophy and adaptation. Kellee S. Tsai. Capitalism without Democracy: the private sector in contemporary China. Eddy U, Disorganizing China: counter-bureaucracy and the decline of socialism. Margaret M. Pearson, Chinas New Business Elite. Dali Yang, Remaking the Chinese Leviathan.

Zhao Suisheng, A Nation-State by Construction. Yongnian Zheng, Discovering Chinese Nationalism in China. Weatherley and Rosen 'Fanning the Flames of Popular Nationalism: The Debate in China over the Burning of the Old Summer Palace', Asian Perspective, 37, 1 (2013) pp.53-76. Questions: To the extent that the Chinese Communist Party has incorporated the interests of the beneficiaries of economic reform, is it free from the demand for political reform, or does it face added pressures for organizational adaptation? Do state-led nationalist discourses help to legitimate the partystate among the masses? Lecture 14: Democratization Suzanne Ogden, Inklings of Democracy in China. Mary Gallagher, Contagious Capitalism. Kevin OBrien and Rongbin Han, Path to Democracy? Assessing village elections in China. Journal of Contemporary China, Volume 18, Number 60, June 2009, pp. 359-378.

http://www.asianbarometer.org/ Jie Chen, Popular Political Support in Urban China. Cheng Li, Chinas Changing Political Landscape: Prospects for Democracy. Edward Friedman and Barrett L. McCormick, What If China Doesnt Democratize? Implications for War and Peace. Merle Goldman, From Comrade to Citizen. Melanie Manion, Survey Research in the Study of Contemporary China: Learning from Local Samples. The China Quarterly No. 139 (Sep., 1994), pp. 741-765. Melanie Manion, New Frontiers in Survey Research: An Introduction to Survey Research on Chinese Politics. China Quarterly, no. 196 (2008): 755758. Tianjin Shi, China: Democratic Values Supporting an Authoritarian System in How East Asians View Democracy, Yun-han Chu, Larry Diamond, Andrew Nathan, and Doh Chull Chin, ed. Wenfeng Tang, Public Opinion and Political Change in China. Suisheng Zhao, ed. Debating political reform in China: rule of law vs. democratization. Questions: How relevant are Western theories of democratization to Chinas experience? How can one reliably measure political attitude in China? Lecture 15: Data validity and reliability issues (Try to read some of the following articles even if you do not have any background in economics.) Carsten A. Holz, Have China Scholars All Been Bought? FEER, April 2007. http://www.feer.com/articles1/2007/0704/free/p036.html Carsten A. Holz, Deconstructing China's GDP Statistics. China Economic Review, Vol. 15, pp. 164202, 2004. Carsten Holz, Measuring Chinese Productivity Growth, 1952-2005. Available at: http://ihome.ust.hk/~socholz/China-productivity-measures-web-22July06.pdf Carsten A. Holz, China's Statistical System in Transition: Challenges, Data Problems, and Institutional Innovations. Review of Income and Wealth, Volume 50, Issue 3, pages 381409, September 2004. Browse the following popular databases: http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/ http://www.chinatoday.com/data/data.htm http://data.worldbank.org/country/china http://www.uschina.org/info/
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Questions: In your view, what are the main reasons for, and reasons against, believing in official statistics released by the Chinese government? Lecture 16: Prospects for sustainable development Susan L. Shirk, China: Fragile Superpower. Jae Ho Chong, China's Crisis Management.

Pranab Bardhan, Awakening Giants, Feet of Clay. William Callahan, China: The Pessimistic Nation. Jae Ho Chong, Charting China's Future: Political, Social, and International Dimensions. Hui Wang, Chinas New Order. David M. Lampton, The Three Faces of Chinese Power: might, money, and minds. Randell Peerenboom, China Modernizes. Pei Minxin, Chinas Trapped Reform. David Shambaugh, Charting China's Future: Domestic and International Challenges. Brantly Womack, Lowell Dittmer and Erica S. Downs, ed. China's Rise in Historical Perspective. Yongnian Zheng, Globalization and State Transformation in China. David Zweig, Internationalizing China. Gang Lin and Xiaobo Hu, China After Jiang. Barry J. Naughton and Dali L. Yang, eds., Holding China Together: Diversity and National Integration in the Post-Deng Era. Questions: What impact do globalization and the regional and global political context have on Chinese domestic reform? One Revision Class In this class, the lecturer will address questions from students. Politics of Southeast Asia, by Tomas Larsson 16 lectures, one lecture per week. 8 lectures in Michaelmas term, weeks 1-8; 8 lectures in Lent term, weeks 1-8. One revision class in Easter term. (Note for the readings: The marked readings are necessary for all students to fully understand the lectures. The unmarked ones are for students who are particularly interested in the topic or choose to write essays on the topic.) Lecture 1: Introduction to the politics of Southeast Asia Anderson, Benedict. 1998. The spectre of comparisons: Nationalism, Southeast Asia, and the world. Verso. Introduction. Emmerson, Donald K. 1984. Southeast Asia: Whats in a name? Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 15(1): 1-21.

Richard Robison. 2012. Interpreting the politics of Southeast Asia: Debates in parallel universes. In Richard Robison (ed.), Routledge handbook of Southeast Asian politics. Routledge. Weatherbee, Donald. 2005. International relations in Southeast Asia: the struggle for autonomy. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield. Chapter 1 (Introduction: The what and why of Southeast Asia). Section I: The formation of Southeast Asian states
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Lecture 2: Pre-colonial political legacies Acharya, Amitav. 2013. Civilizations in embrace: The spread of ideas and the transformation of power. ISEAS Publishing. TBA. Day, Tony. 2002. Fluid iron: State formation in Southeast Asia. University of Hawaii Press. Chapters 1 (Studying the state in Southeast Asia: Definitions, problems, approaches) and 2 (Ties that [un]bind)). Heine-Geldern, Robert. 1942. Conceptions of state and kingship in Southeast Asia. Far Eastern Quarterly 2(1): 15-30. Lieberman, Victor. 2003. Strange parallels: Southeast Asia in global context, c. 800-1830. Volume 1: Integration on the mainland. Cambridge University Press, pp. 6-66 (Part A: Rethinking Southeast Asia).

Anderson, Benedict. 1990. Language and power: Exploring political cultures in Indonesia. Cornell University Press. Chapter 1 (The idea of power in Javanese culture.) Geertz, Clifford. 1980. Negara: The theatre state in nineteenth century Bali. Princeton University Press. Pye, Lucien. 1985. Asian power and politics: The cultural dimensions of authority. Chapter 4 (Southeast Asia: From God-Kings to the Power of Personal Connections). Reid, Anthony. 1993. Southeast Asia in the age of commerce, 1940-1680. Volume 2: Expansion and crisis. Chapter 4 (Problems of the absolutist state). Yale University Press. Solomon, Robert L. 1970. Boundary concepts and practices in Southeast Asia. World Politics 23(1): 1-23. Tambiah, S J. 1976. World conqueror and world renouncer: A study of Buddhism and polity in Thailand against a historical background. Cambridge University Press. Chapter 7 (The galactic polity). Thongchai Winichakul. 1994. Siam mapped: A history of the geo-body of a nation. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Wolters, O. W. 1999. History, culture, and region in Southeast Asian perspective. SEAP Publications. For some illustrations of the contemporary relevance and resonance of pre-colonial conceptions of political power and authority, see, for instance, the following: Heder, Steve. 2007. Political theatre in the 2003 Cambodian elections: state, democracy, and conciliation in historical perspective. In Julia C Strauss and Donal Brian Cruise O'Brien (eds.), Staging politics: power and performance in Asia and Africa. London: IB Taurus. Jackson, Peter. 2010. Virtual divinity: A 21st-century discourse of Thai royal influence. In Soren Ivarsson and Lotte Isager (eds.), Saying the unsayable: Monarchy and democracy in Thailand. NIAS Press. Ledgerwood, Judy. 2008. Ritual in Cambodian political theatre: New songs at the edge of the forest. In Anne R. Hansen and Judy Ledgerwood (eds.), At the edge of the forest: Essays on Cambodia, history, and narrative in honor of David Chandler. SEAP Publications. McRae, Graeme, & I Nyoman Darma Putra. 2007. A new theatre-state in Bali? Aristocracies, the media and cultural revival in the 2005 local elections. Asian Studies Review 31(2): 171-189. Milner, Anthony. 2012. Identity monarchy: Interrogating heritage for a divided Malaysia. Southeast Asian Studies 1(2): 191-212. Lecture 3: Colonialism and nationalism Furnivall, John Sydenham. 1948. Colonial policy and practice: A comparative study of Burma and Netherlands India. Cambridge University Press, pp. 303-312, 484-512. Anderson, Benedict. 1991. Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso. Chapter 10 (Census, map, museum).

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Henley, David. 1995. Ethnogeographic integration and exclusion in anticolonial nationalism: Indonesia and Indochina. Comparative Studies in Society and History 37(2), pp. 286-324. Sidel, John T. 2012. The fate of nationalism in the new states: Southeast Asia in comparative historical perspective. Comparative Studies in History and Society 54(1), pp. 114-144.

Anderson, Benedict. 1998. The spectre of comparisons: Nationalism, Southeast Asia, and the world. Verso. Chapter 15 (Majorities and minorities). Benda, Harry J. 1965. Political elites in colonial Southeast Asia: An historical analysis. Comparative Studies in Society and History 7(3), pp. 233-251. Elson, Robert E. 1999. International commerce, the state and society: Social and economic change. In Nicholas Tarling (ed.), The Cambridge history of Southeast Asia: From c. 1800 to the 1930s. Volume 2, Part 1. Furnivall, John Sydenham. 1991 [1939]. The fashioning of Leviathan: The beginnings of British rule in Burma. Canberra: Economic History of Southeast Asia Project and Thai-Yunnan Project. McCoy, Alfred W. 2009. Policing Americas empire: The United States, the Philippines, and the rise of the surveillance state. University of Washington Press. Chapter 1 (Capillaries of empire). Reid, Anthony. 2010. Imperial alchemy: Nationalism and political identity in Southeast Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 1 (Nationalism and Asia), 2 (Understanding Southeast Asian nationalisms), and 3 (Chinese as a Southeast Asian other). Section II: Democracy and its discontents in Southeast Asia Lecture 4: The Cold War and the rise of authoritarianism Weatherbee, Donald. 2005. International relations in Southeast Asia: The struggle for autonomy. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield. Chapter 3 (The Cold War in Southeast Asia). Goodwin, Jeff. 2001. No other way out: States and revolutionary movements, 1945-1992. Cambridge University Press. Chapters 3 (The formation of revolutionary movements in Southeast Asia) and 4 (The only domino: The Vietnamese revolution in comparative perspective). Slater, Dan. 2010. Ordering power: Contentious politics and authoritarian Leviathans in Southeast Asia. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 1, 3-5.

Anderson, Benedict. 1983. Old state, new society: Indonesias New Order in comparative historical perspective. Journal of Asian Studies 42(3): 477-496. Ang Chen Guan. 2009. Southeast Asian perceptions of the domino theory. In Christopher E. Goscha and Christian F. Ostermann (eds.), Connecting Histories: Decolonization and the Cold War in Southeast Asia, 19451962. Woodrow Wilson Center Press. Berger, Mark T. 2003. Decolonisation, modernisation and nation-building: Political development theory and the appeal of Communism in Southeast Asia, 1945-1975. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 34(3): 421-448. Callahan, Mary P. 2001. Burma: Soldiers as state-builders. In Muthiah Alagappa (ed), Coercion and governance: The declining political role of the military in Asia. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Jacobs, Seth. 2004. Americas miracle man in Vietnam: Ngo Dinh Diem, religion, race, and U. S. intervention in Southeast Asia. Duke University Press. Chapter 1 (Colonialism, Communism, or Catholicism?: Mr. Diem goes to Washington). Scott, James C. 1972. Patron-client politics and political change in Southeast Asia. American Political Science Review 66(1): 91-113. Simpson, Bradley R. 2008. Economists with guns: Authoritarian development and U.S.-Indonesian relations, 1960-1968. Stanford University Press. Lecture 5: Capitalist development and democratization

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Anderson, Benedict. 1998. The spectre of comparisons: Nationalism, Southeast Asia, and the world. Verso. Chapter 8 (Murder and progress in modern Siam). Emmerson, Donald K. 1995. Region and recalcitrance: Rethinking democracy through Southeast Asia. Pacific Review 8(2), pp. 223-248. Acharya, Amitav. 1999. Southeast Asias democratic moment. Asian Survey 39(3): 418432. Sidel, John T. 2008. Social origins of dictatorship and democracy revisited: Colonial state and Chinese immigrant in the making of modern Southeast Asia. Comparative Politics 40(2): 127-147.

Bertrand, Jacques. 1998. Growth and democracy in Southeast Asia. Comparative Politics 30(3), pp. 355-375. Case, William. 2006. Manipulative skills: How do rulers control the electoral arena? In Andreas Schedler (ed.), Electoral authoritarianism: The dynamics of unfree competition. L. Rienner Publishers. Jones, David M. 1998. Democratization, civil society, and illiberal middle class culture in Pacific Asia, Comparative Politics 30(2): 147169. Laothamatas, Anek. 1997. Development and democratization: A theoretical introduction with reference to the Southeast Asian and East Asian cases. In Anek Laothamatas (ed.), Democratization in Southeast and East Asia. ISEAS. Rodan, Garry, and Kanishka Jayasuriya. 2009. Capitalist development, regime transitions and new forms of authoritarianism in Asia. Pacific Review 22(1): 23-47. Welsh, Bridget. 2008. Unexpected trajectories and connections: Regime change, democratization and development in Southeast Asia. In Ann Marie Murphy and Bridget Welsh (eds.), Legacy of engagement in Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Lecture 6: People power revolutions Boudreau, Vincent. 2004. Resisting dictatorship: Repression and protest in Southeast Asia. Cambridge University Press. Chapters 2-3, 7, 11. Slater, Dan. 2009. Revolutions, crackdowns, and quiescence: Communal elites and democratic mobilization in Southeast Asia. American Journal of Sociology 115(1): 203-54.

Aspinall, Edward. 2005. Opposing Suharto: Compromise, resistance, and regime change in Indonesia. Stanford University Press. Callahan, William A. 1998. Imagining democracy: Reading the events of May in Thailand. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Fink, Christina. 2009. The moment of the monks: Burma, 2007. In Adam Roberts and Timothy Garton Ash (eds.), Civil resistance and power politics: The experience of non-violent action from Gandhi to the present. Oxford University Press. Hedman, Eva-Lotta. 2006. In the name of civil society: From free election movements to people power in the Philippines. University of Hawaii Press. Chapters 1-2, 7-8. Lintner, Bertil. 1990. Outrage: Burmas struggle for democracy. Bangkok: White Lotus. Mendoza Jr, Amado. 2009. People power in the Philippines, 1983-86. In Adam Roberts and Timothy Garton Ash (eds.), Civil resistance and power politics: The experience of nonviolent action from Gandhi to the present. Oxford University Press. Schock, Kurt. 2005. Unarmed insurrections: People power movements in nondemocracies. University of Minnesota Press. Chapter one + sections on the Philippines, Burma, and Thailand. Thompson, Mark R. 1995. The anti-Marcos struggle: Personalistic rule and democratic transition in the Philippines. New Haven: Yale University Press. Chapter 7 and 8. Weiss, Meredith. 2006. Protest and possibilities: Civil society and coalitions for political change. Stanford University Press. Chapters 5-7.

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Lecture 7: Elections, parties, and party systems Anderson, Benedict. 1998. The spectre of comparisons: Nationalism, Southeast Asia, and the world. Verso. Chapter 9 (Cacique democracy in the Philippines: Origins and dreams). Brownlee, Jason. 2008. Bound to rule: Party institutions and regime trajectories in Malaysia and the Philippines. Journal of East Asian Studies 8(1): 89-118. Malesky, Edmund, Regina Abrami, and Yu Zheng. 2011. Institutions and inequality in single-party regimes: A comparative analysis of Vietnam and China. Comparative Politics 43(4): 409-427. Ufen, Andreas. 2012. Party systems, critical junctures, and cleavages in Southeast Asia. Asian Survey 52(3): 441-464.

Gainsborough, Martin. 2012. 2012. Elites vs. reform in Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Journal of Democracy 23(2): 34-46. Hicken, Allen. 2009. Building party systems in developing democracies. Cambridge University Press. Chapter 1 (Introduction). Hutchcroft, Paul D, and Joel Rocamora. 2003. Strong demands and weak institutions: The origins and evolution of the democratic deficit in the Philippines. Journal of East Asian Studies 3(2): 259-292. Kuhonta, Erik. 2011. The institutional imperative: The politics of equitable development in Southeast Asia. Stanford University Press. Chapters 1 (Introduction) and 2 (Institutions and social reform). Mizuno, Kosuke, and Pasuk Phongpaichit. 2009. Populism in Asia. University of Hawaii Press. Chapters 3-8, 12. Smith, Benjamin. 2005. Life of the party: The origins of regime breakdown and persistence under single-party rule. World Politics 57(3): 421-451. Taylor, Robert H. (ed). 1996. The politics of elections in Southeast Asia. Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Cambridge University Press. Tomsa, Dirk, and Andreas Ufen (eds). 2013. Party politics in Southeast Asia: Clientelism and electoral competition in Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines. Routledge. Lecture 8: Civil societies Lussier, Danielle N., and M. Steven Fish. 2012. Indonesia: The benefits of civic engagement. Journal of Democracy 23(1): 70-84. Thayer, Carlyle A. 2009. Vietnam and the challenge of political civil society. Contemporary Southeast Asia 31(1), pp. 1-27. Thompson, Mark R. 2011. Moore meets Gramsci and Burke in Southeast Asia: New democracy and civil societies. In Aurel Croissant and Marco Bnte (eds.), The crisis of democratic governance in Southeast Asia. Palgrave. Rodan, Gary, and Caroline Hughes. 2012. Ideological coalitions and the international promotion of social accountability: The Philippines and Cambodia compared. International Studies Quarterly, 56(2): 367380.

Abbott, Jason. 2012. Democracy@internet.org revisited: Analysing the socio-political impact of the internet and new social media in East Asia. Third World Quarterly 33(2), pp. 333-357. Alagappa, Muthiah, ed, 2004. Civil society and political change in Asia: Expanding and contracting democratic space. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Chapter 1 + one or more of the following chapters: 2, 3, 8, 10, and 12. George, Cherian. 2005. The internets political impact and the penetration/participation paradox in Malaysia and Singapore. Media, Culture & Society 27(6): 903-920. Hedman, Eva-Lotta E. 2001. Contesting state and civil society: Southeast Asian trajectories. Modern Asian Studies 35(4), pp. 921-951.

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Jetschke, Anja. 2010. Human rights and state security: Indonesia and the Philippines. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Chapters 6-8. Jun-E Tan and Zawawi Ibrahim. 2008. Blogging and democratization in Malaysia: A new civil society in the making. Petaling Jaya: SIRD. Mietzner, Marcus. 2012. Indonesias democratic stagnation: Anti-reformist elites and resilient civil society. Democratization 19(2): 209-229. Park, Chong-min. 2011. Associations and social networks in Southeast Asia: Schools of democracy? In Aurel Croissant and Marco Bnte (eds.), The crisis of democratic governance in Southeast Asia. Palgrave. Rich, Roland. 2012. Parties and parliaments in Southeast Asia: Non-partisan chambers in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand. Routledge. Rodan, Gary. 2012. Competing ideologies of representation in Southeast Asia. Third World Quarterly 33(2): 311-332. Section III: The politics of economic development in Southeast Asia Lecture 9: The political underpinnings of the Southeast Asian miracle McVey, Ruth T. 1992. The materialization of the Southeast Asian entrepreneur. In R. T. McVey, ed, Southeast Asian capitalists. Ithaca: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University. Doner, Richard F., Bryan K. Ritchie, and Dan Slater. 2005. Systemic vulnerability and the origins of developmental states: Northeast and Southeast Asia in comparative perspective. International Organization 59 (Spring), pp. 327-361. Donge, Jan Kees van, David Henley, and Peter Lewis. 2012. Tracking development in South-East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa: The primacy of policy. Development Policy Review 30(S1): 5-24. Stubbs, Richard. 2005. Rethinking Asia's economic miracle. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Chapters 1, 5-6.

Bowie, Alasdair, and Danny Unger. 1997. The politics of open economies: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 1-2. Doner, Richard F. 2009. The politics of uneven development: Thailands economic growth in comparative perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 1, 6, 8. Gomez, Edmund Terence. (2012). State-business linkages in Southeast Asia: The developmental state, neo-liberalism and enterprises development. In Andrew Walter and Xiaoke Zhang (eds.), East Asian capitalism: Diversity, continuity, and change. Oxford University Press. Haggard, Stephan. 2004. Institutions and growth in East Asia. Studies in Comparative International Development 38 (4): 53-81. Hill, Hal. 1997. Towards a political economy explanation of rapid growth in ASEAN: A survey and analysis. ASEAN Economic Bulletin 14(2): 131149. Jomo K. S. 2001. Rethinking the role of government policy in Southeast Asia. In Joseph E. Stiglitz and Shahid Yusuf (eds.), Rethinking the East Asian miracle. World Bank. Kuhonta, Erik. 2011. The institutional imperative: The politics of equitable development in Southeast Asia. Stanford University Press. Rigg, Jonathan. 2012. Unplanned development: Tracking change in South-East Asia. Zed Books. World Bank. 1993. The East Asian miracle: Economic growth and public policy. Oxford University Press. Lecture 10: The politics of financial crisis Winters, Jeffrey A. 1999. The determinants of financial crisis in Asia. In T. J. Pempel (ed.), The politics of the Asian economic crisis. Cornell University Press. MacIntyre, Andrew. 2001. Institutions and investors: The politics of the economic crisis in Southeast Asia. International Organization 55(1): 81-122.

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Pepinsky, Thomas B. 2008. Capital mobility and coalitional politics: Authoritarian regimes and economic adjustment in Southeast Asia. World Politics 60(3): 438-74.

Haggard, Stephan. 2000. The political economy of the Asian financial crisis. Institute for International Economics. Introduction. Hewison, Kevin and Richard Robison (eds.). 2006. East Asia and the trials of neoliberalism. Routledge. Chapters 1-2, 5-6. Hicken, Allen. 2008. Politics of economic recovery in Thailand and the Philippines. In Andrew MacIntyre, T. J. Pempel, and John Ravenhill (eds.). 2008. Crisis as catalyst: Asias dynamic political economy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Jayasuriya, Kanishka, and Andrew Rosser. 2006. Pathways from the crisis: Politics and reform in South-East Asia since 1997. In Gary Rodan, Kevin Hewison, and Richard Robison (eds.), The political economy of South-East Asia: markets, power and contestation. Oxford University Press. Jomo K. S. 2001. (ed.). 1998. Tigers in trouble: Financial governance, liberalisation and crises in East Asia. Zed Books. Chapters 1, 6-8. Wade, Robert. 2000. Wheels within wheels: Rethinking the Asian crisis and the Asian model. Annual Review of Political Science Vol. 3: 85-115. Lecture 11: The politics of agrarian development Henley, David. 2012. The agrarian roots of industrial growth: Rural development in SouthEast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Development Policy Review 30(S1): 525-547. Riedinger, Jeffrey M. 1995. Agrarian reform in the Philippines: Democratic transitions and redistributive reform. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Chapters 1, 8. Kerkvliet, Benedict J. Tria. 1995. Village-state relations in Vietnam: The effects of everyday politics on decollectivization. Journal of Asian Studies 54(2): 396-418. Murray Li, Tania. 2007. The will to improve: Governmentality, development, and the practice of politics. Duke University Press. Chapters, 1-2, 7.

Akiyama, Takamasa. 2004. Growth of the agricultural sector: Are there peculiarities with Southeast Asia? In T. Akiyama and D. F. Larson (eds.), Rural development and agricultural growth in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand. Asia Pacific Press. Booth, Anne. 2003. The Burma development disaster in comparative historical perspective. SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research 1(1): 1-23. Borras Jr., Saturnino M. 2007. Free market, export-led development strategy and its impact on rural livelihoods, poverty and inequality: The Philippine experience seen from a Southeast Asian perspective. Review of International Political Economy 14(1): 143-175. Doner, Richard F. 2009. The politics of uneven development: Thailands economic growth in comparative perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 5 (Sugar). Hart, Gillian. 1989. Agrarian change in the context of state patronage. In Gillian Hart, Andrew Turton, and Benjamin White (eds.). Agrarian transformations: Local processes and the state in Southeast Asia. University of California Press. Larsson, Tomas. 2012. Land and loyalty: Security and the development of property rights in Thailand. Cornell University Press. Liddle, William R. 1987. The politics of shared growth: Some Indonesian cases. Comparative Politics 19(2): 127-146. Walker, Andrew. 2012. Thailands political peasants: Power in the modern rural economy. University of Wisconsin Press. Introduction: Peasants, power, and political society. Section IV: Causes and consequences of political violence and coercion Lecture 12: Regional (in)security

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Leifer, Michael. 1989. ASEAN and the security of South-East Asia. Routledge, pp. 1-88. Acharya, Amitav. 2009. Constructing a security community in Southeast Asia: ASEAN and the problem of regional order. Routledge. Chapters 2 (The evolution of ASEAN norms and the emergence of the ASEAN way)and 5 (Managing intra-ASEAN relations). Goh, Evelyn. 2008. Great powers and hierarchical order in Southeast Asia: Analyzing regional security strategies. International Security 32(3): 113-157.

Ciorciari, John David. 2010. The limits of alignment: Southeast Asia and the great powers since 1975. Georgetown University Press. Hamilton-Hart, Natasha. 2012. Hard interests, soft illusions: Southeast Asia and American power. Cornell University Press. Huxley, Tim. 1996. International relations. In Mohammed Halib and Tim Huxley (eds.), An introduction to Southeast Asian Studies. London: IB Tauris. Jones, David Martin, and MLR Smith. 2007. Making process, not progress: ASEAN and the evolving East Asian regional order. International Security 32(1), pp. 148-184. Jones, Lee. 2010. ASEANs unchanged melody? The theory and practice of non-interference in Southeast Asia. Pacific Review 23(4): 479-502. Kivimki, Timo. 2001. The long peace of ASEAN. Journal of Peace Research 38(1): 5-25. Nesadurai, Helen E S. 2009. ASEAN and regional governance after the Cold War: From regional order to regional community? Pacific Review 22(1): 91-118. Stubbs, Richard. 2002. ASEAN plus three: An emerging East Asian regionalism? Asian Survey 42(3): 440-455. Weatherbee, Donald. 2005. International relations in Southeast Asia: the struggle for autonomy. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield. Chapters 4-5. Lecture 13: Islam and separatism Aspinall, Edward. 2007. The construction of grievance: Natural resources and identity in a separatist conflict. Journal of Conflict Resolution 51(6): 950-972. Chalk, Peter. 2001. Separatism and Southeast Asia: The Islamic factor in Southern Thailand, Mindanao, and Aceh. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 24(4): 241-269. McCargo, Duncan. 2008. Tearing apart the land: Islam and legitimacy in Southern Thailand. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Introduction + chapters 1 and 4.

Abinales, Patricio N. 2000. Making Mindanao: Cotabato and Davao in the formation of the Philippine nation-state. Ateneo de Manila University Press. Aspinall, Edward. 2009. Islam and nation: Separatist rebellion in Aceh, Indonesia. Stanford University Press. Brown, David. 1994. The state and ethnic politics in South-East Asia. Routledge. Chapter 1 (Ethnicity and the state). He, Baogang, Brian Galligan, and Takashi Inoguchi. 2007. Federalism in Asia. Edward Elgar. Chapters 3, 7, 8. Man, K. C. 1990. Muslim separatism: The Moros of southern Philippines and the Malays of southern Thailand. Oxford University Press. McKenna, Thomas M. 1998. Muslim rulers and rebels: everyday politics and armed separatism in the southern Philippines. Berkeley: University of California Press. Chapters 1, 5, 10-11. Reid, Anthony. 2010. Imperial alchemy: Nationalism and political identity in Southeast Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 5 (Aceh: Memories of monarchy). Robinson, Geoffrey. 1998. Rawan is as Rawan does: The origins of disorder in Indonesia. Indonesia 66 (October): 126-157. Ross, Michael. 2005. Resources and rebellion in Aceh, in P. Collier and N. Sambanis, eds, Understanding civil war: evidence and analysis. World Bank. Available at http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/polisci/faculty/ross/ResourcesRebellion.pdf Syed Serajul Islam. 2005. The politics of Islamic identity in Southeast Asia. Thomson Learning.

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Yegar, Moshe. 2002. Between integration and secession: The Muslim communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand, and Western Burma/Myanmar. Lexington. Lecture 14: Political mass murder: Causes Fein, Helen. 1993. Revolutionary and anti-revolutionary genocides: A comparison of state murders in Democratic Kampuchea, 1975 to 1979, and in Indonesia, 1965 to 1966. Comparative Studies in Society and History 35 (4), pp. 796-823. Hinton, Alexander Laban. 2005. Why did they kill? Cambodia in the shadow of genocide. University of California Press. Chapters 4 and 5. Robinson, Geoffrey. 1995. The dark side of paradise: Political violence in Bali. Cornell University Press. Chapters 1, 10-11.

Barnett, Anthony. 1990. Cambodia will never disappear. New Left Review I/180 (March-April), pp. 101-125. Day, Tony. 2002. Fluid iron: State formation in Southeast Asia. University of Hawaii Press. Chapter 5 (Violence and beauty). Harff, Barbara. (2003). No lessons learn from the Holocaust? Assessing risks of genocide and political mass murder since 1955. American Political Science Review 97(1): 57-73. Heder, Steve. 1997. Racism, Marxism, labelling and genocide, in Ben Kiernans The Pol Pot regime. South East Asia Research 5 (2): 101-153. Hefner, Robert W. 1990. The political economy of mountain Java: An interpretive history. University of California Press. Jackson, Karl D. 1989. The ideology of total revolution. In Karl D. Jackson (ed.), Cambodia, 19751978: rendezvous with death. Princeton University Press. Kiernan, Ben. 1996. The Pol Pot regime: race, power, and genocide in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, 1975-79. Yale University Press. Chapters 3 and 7. Le Billon, Philippe and Karen Bakker. 2000. Cambodia: Genocide, autocracy, and the overpoliticized state. In E. W. Nafziger et al (eds.), War, hunger, and displacement: The origins of humanitarian emergencies. Oxford University Press. Ponchaud, Francois. 1989. Social change in the vortex of revolution. In Karl D. Jackson (ed.), Cambodia, 1975-1978: rendezvous with death. Princeton University Press. Roosa, John. 2006. Pretext for mass murder: the September 30th movement and Suhartos coup detat in Indonesia. University of Wisconsin Press. Lecture 15: Political mass murder: Consequences Chandler, David. 2008. Cambodia deals with its past: Collective memory, demonization and induced amnesia. Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions 9(2-3): 355-369. Etcheson, Craig. 2004. The politics of genocide justice in Cambodia. In Cesare P.R. Romano, Andr Nollkaemper, and Jann K. Kleffner (eds.), Internationalized criminal courts: Sierra Leone, East Timor, Kosovo, and Cambodia. Oxford University Press. Heryanto. Ariel. 2006. State terrorism and political identity in Indonesia: Fatally belonging. Routledge. Chapters 1-2, 6. McGregor, Katharine E. 2009. Confronting the Past in Contemporary Indonesia: The AntiCommunist Killings of 1965-66 and the role of the Nahdlatul Ulama. Critical Asian Studies, 41(2): 195-224.

Ainley, Kirsten. 2013. Transitional justice in Cambodia: The coincidence of power and principle. In Renee Jeffery (ed.), Transitional justice in the Asia-Pacific. Cambridge University Press. Beachler, Donald W. 2009. Arguing about Cambodia: Genocide and political interest. Holocaust Genocide Studies 23(2): 214-238. Brinkley, Joel. 2009. Cambodias curse: Struggling to shed the Khmer Rouges legacy. Foreign Affairs 88(2): 111-122.

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Burgess, Patrick. 2012. De facto amnesty? The example of post-Soeharto Indonesia. In Francesca Lessa and Leigh A Payne (eds.), Amnesty in the age of human rights accountability: Comparative and international perspectives. Cambridge University Press. Chigas, George. 2000. The politics of defining justice after the Cambodian genocide. Journal of Genocide Research 2(2): 245-265. Cribb, Robert & Charles Coppel. 2009. A genocide that never was: explaining the myth of antiChinese massacres in Indonesia, 196566. Journal of Genocide Research 11(4): 447-465. Fawthrop, Tom & Helen Jarvis. 2005. Getting away with genocide? Elusive justice and the Khmer Rouge Tribunal. UNSW Press. McCargo, Duncan. 2011. Politics by other means? The virtual trials of the Khmer Rouge Tribunal. International Affairs 87(3): 613-27. Zurbuchen, Mary S. 2002. History, memory, and the 1965 incident in Indonesia. Asian Survey 42(4): 564-81. Lecture 16. Civilization, the state, and their malcontents Scott, James C. 2009. The art of not being governed: An anarchist history of upland Southeast Asia. Yale University Press. Entire, but read chapters 1-2 and 5-6 more closely.

Bowden, Mark. 2007. Jihadists in paradise. The Atlantic (1 March). http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2007/03/jihadists-in-paradise/305613/ Duncan, Christopher R (ed.). 2004. Civilizing the margins: Southeast Asian government policies for the development of minorities. Cornell University Press. Glassman, Jim. 2004. Thailand at the margins: Internationalization of the state and the transformation of labour. Oxford University Press. Chapter 2 (Internationalization of the state under US hegemony: Building the Cold War regime and capturing peasants, 19451975.). Hastings, Justin V. 2010. No mans land: Globalization, territory, and clandestine groups in Southeast Asia. Cornell University Press. Jonsson, Hjorleifur. 2005. Mien relations: Mountain people and state control. Cornell University Press. Chapter 5 (On national terrain). Kramer, Tom. 2007. The United Wa State Party: Narco-army or ethnic nationalist party? East-West Center Washington. Liss, Carolin. 2011. Oceans of crime: Maritime piracy and transnational security in Southeast Asia and Bangladesh. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Chapters 5-7. Warren, James F. 2007. A tale of two centuries: The globalization of maritime raiding and piracy in Southeast Asia at the end of the eighteenth and twentieth centuries. In Peter Boomgaard (ed.), A world of water: Rain, rivers, and seas in Southeast Asian histories. KITLV Press. One Revision Class In this class, the lecturer will address questions from students. Suggested essay questions for supervisions The numbers below correspond to the lecture sequence. You may also formulate your own essay questions, but you need to get any proposed essay question approved by the course organiser before you begin writing your essay. [Politics of China] 1. To what extent was Confucianism the central political ideology of the ruling elite? 2. Hill Gates identifies two modes of organization in Chinese society: the petty capitalist mode and the tributary mode of state-centered initiatives. Describe and critique. 3. Was the relatively free press the result of a weak state or strong society in the Republican era?
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4. How did the Chinese Communist Party gain support in the countryside in the Yan'an period (193745)? 5. In what sense did the developmental agenda of first Five-Year Plan foster an urban bias? 6. Analyze the dynamics of central-local government relations which led to the over-reporting of grain production and underreporting of famine during the Great Leap Forward. 7. How important was the revolutionary ideology in promoting mass movements during the Cultural Revolution? 8. Why did the post-Mao economic reform start with the household responsibility system in the countryside? 9. How did China become increasingly dependent on export in generating GDP growth? 10. Have tax relief policies in the 2000s helped with peasant burdens? 11. Are Chinese civil-military relations typical of a post-communist regime? 12. Compare and assess the effectiveness of two forms of interest representation by social groups (e.g. workers, women, religious associations, etc.). 13. Why has there been a rise in grass-roots popular nationalism since Tiananmen and how has this impacted on the CCP's nationalist credentials? 14. Is there a middle-class position on political reform in China? 15. To what extent can we trust official Chinese economic data? Assess per GDP and import-export data. 16. Do a scenario forecast of China's social developmental path. [Politics of Southeast Asia] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. No essay question set for introductory lecture. Were there states in Southeast Asia before the advent of colonialism? How did colonial policies and practices affect the development of nationalism in Southeast Asia? Why didnt democracy triumph in Southeast Asia in the wake of independence? To what extent does the Southeast Asian experience support the notion of the middle class as only contingently democratic? What does Southeast Asia tell us about people power revolutions and democratization? Have strong political parties been a boon or a bane in Southeast Asia? To what extent have civil societies in Southeast Asia managed to civilize the state? Were Southeast Asias economic miracles simply lucky historical accidents? Why were some governments able to respond more effectively to the Asian financial crisis than others? Why have farmers been so much better off (economically) in some Southeast Asian states than others? Has the ASEAN principle of non-intervention been more honoured in the breech than in the observance? To what extent have the separatist movements in Aceh, Mindanao, and Southern Thailand been driven by the Islamic factor? Is it fair to say that the political mass murder that engulfed Indonesia (1965-66) and Cambodia (1975-79) were expressions of the inherently violent political cultures of these two countries? For the victims of political mass murder in Indonesia (1965-66) and Cambodia (1975-79), justice has been much delayed. Why is that? Is the state unavoidable?

Long (5,000-word) essays Students can write two 5,000-word essays for this paper to opt out the sit-in exam at the end of the year. The first essay needs to be submitted by Monday 20 January 2014; and the second essay by Monday 28 April 2014. Essays must be submitted before the deadline in both electronic format and on paper. Please submit the paper copy to the POLIS Department on West Road. Please also provide an electronic copy either by sending it as an attachment to an email to <undergradessays@polis.cam.ac.uk> or by handing it in on a disk to the Department Office. Essays will not be
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registered as having been submitted until they are received in both paper and electronic formats. The course organiser will arrange appropriate supervisors for the selected questions. Students can expect three supervisions for each essay: the first to consider the nature and scope of the question and your approach to it; the second, to discuss progress normally on the basis of a written outline; the third to review a first draft. Supervisors will expect to give you each of the three supervisions during term time. Supervisors will not read more than one draft of the essay. Except in exceptional circumstances where your Director of Studies has provided evidence that you have been unable to work for some period of the term, supervisors can refuse to read drafts during the vacation. Students may choose freely from the list below (there is no requirement that students choose questions from both parts of the paper). [Long essay questions] 1. In what ways did the Chinese imperial government restrain its interventions in the commercial and manufacturing realms of the domestic economy? 2. To what extent were there continuities in the social and economic reforms implemented in the lateQing, Republican, and early Communist (pre-1956) eras? 3. What considerations motivated Mao Zedongs diplomatic overture to the United States in the early 1970s? 4. How far have Chinese enterprise reforms since the 1980s been successful? 5. How is the legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party being challenged in contemporary China? Discuss with reference to two social interest groups. 6. How have Chinese civil-military relations changed over time in the reform era, and with what public policy consequences? 7. Southeast Asia is home to some of the most durable non-Communist authoritarian regimes in the world. Why is that? 8. To what extent, and why, are Southeast Asian democracies becoming populist? 9. Has the ladder that would have allowed Southeast Asian countries to reach high levels of industrial development now been kicked away? 10. Why does Southeast Asia have such a poor record when it comes to holding perpetrators of political mass murder to account? 11. How did Southeast Asian states respond to the end of the Cold War? 12. Is the state a political necessity? Answer with reference to Southeast Asia. Further reading Besides the specified readings in the outline of lectures, students are also encouraged to follow current events and developments in the academic field. Besides the specified readings in the outline of lectures, students are also encouraged to follow current events and developments in the academic field. Major academic journals on China and Southeast Asia include China Quarterly, Modern China, China Journal, China Economic Review, Journal of Chinese Political Science. Major academic journals specialised on Southeast Asia include Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, South East Asia Research, Contemporary Southeast Asia, Sojourn, and Indonesia. In addition, there are a number of journals that regularly cover Southeast Asian affairs, including Pacific Review, Asian Survey, Journal of Contemporary Asia, Journal of East Asian Studies, and Journal of Asian Studies. Students can also be benefited from reading news on Southeast Asia from major newspapers such as The Economist and Financial Times, etc. Last but not least, students are encouraged to explore the online world of English-language news published in the region. Examples include the following: Asia Times Online Channel News Asia The Irrawaddy Bangkok Post http://www.atimes.com/ http://www.channelnewsasia.com http://www.irrawaddy.org/ http://www.bangkokpost.com/
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The Nation Jakarta Post Straits Times (Singapore) Myanmar Times New Straits Times (KL) Phnom Penh Post Philippine Daily Inquirer Viet Nam News Exam questions for 2012-13 POLITICS OF EAST ASIA

http://www.nationmultimedia.com/ http://www.thejakartapost.com/ http://www.straitstimes.com/ http://www.mmtimes.com http://www.nst.com.my/ http://www.phnompenhpost.com/ http://www.inquirer.net/ http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/

All candidates should answer three questions. 1. How was the authoritarian political tradition of dynastic China manifested in Republican and Communist China? 2. What were the sources of Mao Zedongs discontent with the Soviet model? Discuss with reference to specific policy and developmental issues. 3. What was the role of urban intellectuals in policymaking during the Maoist era? 4. Has China made a clean-break from socialist planning? Discuss with reference to economic policies and institutions since 1992. 5. In what ways has fiscal and administrative decentralisation since 1978 empowered local governments to promote growth and development in China? 6. Will labour and peasant discontent lead to broader political demands for democratisation or greater accountability and openness of the Chinese Communist Party? 7. How have Chinese policymakers and entrepreneurs responded to the global economic and financial crisis since 2008? 8. Explain and provide illustrations of the rise of rights consciousness among Chinese citizens. To what extent is the central government in Beijing responsible for fostering this consciousness? 9. How significant has capitalist development been for the emergence of a long peace between Southeast Asian states? 10. In relation to violent separatist conflicts in Southeast Asia, has democratisation been part of the problem or part of the solution? 11. To what extent does paying attention to social class help us understand divergent trajectories of political development in Southeast Asia? 12. Why do militaries still play a prominent role in the politics of Southeast Asia? 13. To what extent did the Asian financial crisis of 1997 serve as a catalyst for change in the relationship between state and capital in Southeast Asia? 14. In the late twentieth century, both Indonesia (1965-66) and Cambodia (1975-79) experienced state-sponsored mass murders. What made this possible? 15. What functions do elections serve in Southeast Asia? 16. Why have people power revolts been directed at both authoritarian and democratic leaders in Southeast Asia? Long essay questions for 2012-13 1. How did the Chinese Communist Party's formative experiences shape its adaptation of MarxistLeninist ideologies? 2. To what extent did Communist China adopt the Soviet model of industrialisation and agricultural collectivisation? 3. Is the Chinese economy today governed by market forces? In what sense is it capitalist? 4. What political factors have shaped the pace and policies of economic reform in post-Mao China? 5. How have Mao-era methods of state coercion influenced social mobilisation and collective action
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in contemporary China? 6. How has the Chinese Communist Party managed its local agents to ensure policy implementation and keep corruption under control? 7. Are new social media having a democratizing impact in Southeast Asia? 8. Does the monarchy play a stabilizing or destabilizing role in Thai politics? 9. Is Burma on the road to democracy? 10. To what extent has good governance been the key to economic development in Southeast Asia? 11. When do Southeast Asian minorities rebel? 12. What is the purpose of ASEAN? Examination report for 2013 Pol 11 Politics of East Asia There was a significant increase in number of students enrolled in this module: 27, up from 9 in 2012. This year, 19 took the sit-in exams and 8 opted for long essays. Among the students who took the exam, there were eight first-class marks, fifteen high 2.1 marks, twelve low 2.1 marks, two 2.2 marks, and one 3 mark. Of the candidates who chose to be assessed by long essays, there were one first-class mark, nine high 2.1 marks and three lower 2.1 marks, and three 2.2 marks. The strongest answers to the exam questions made use of a range of applicable theoretical approaches to frame historical, political and institutional details of particular cases. Answers scored higher for showing awareness of the conventional and critical interpretations of the readings. The weakest answers generally provided insufficient empirics and simplistic or incomplete analysis, committed factual errors, or heavily recycled same arguments and facts across the questions. Students attempted to answer all but one of the 16 questions on the exam. The most popular questions were questions 2 and 6. The most highly regarded long essays showed attentiveness to contemporary theoretical debates, used a wide range of sources effectively, developed critical perspectives and sophisticated data analysis, and were consistently well written. The weaker long essays tended to fall short of directly addressing the questions, and lack focus in presenting evidence to support the arguments. Kun-Chin Lin Tomas Larsson Glen Rangwala Robert Weatherley Exam questions for 2011-12 POLITICS OF EAST ASIA All candidates should answer three questions. 1) To what extent can we speak of dynastic, Republican, and Communist China as being characterized by cultural and institutional continuities? 2) In what ways are collectivization of agriculture and the Great Leap Forward in China departures from the Soviet model of development? 3) Why have some periods in Chinese history since 1911 been characterized by relative political openness? 4) Are China's key economic challenges today similar to those of capitalist economies in Asia and the West or do they remain uniquely tied to the countrys socialist past? 5) In what ways has the relationship between Beijing and provincial governments changed since the Great Leap Forward? 6) Is there civil society in contemporary China?
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7) How has authoritarianism evolved in China since 1989? 8) Is there a China model of economic development? If so, what are its key features? If not, why not? 9) To what extent can elections in Southeast Asia be said to empower the people? 10) Are national identities in Southeast Asia ancient or modern? 11) How far were Southeast Asian people power movements caused by economic crises? 12) Why did militaries come to play such a central role in modern Southeast Asian politics? 13) To what extent has the middle class served as a social force for political liberalisation in Southeast Asia? 14) What are the origins of violent separatist conflict in Southeast Asia? Discuss with reference to two of the following cases: Mindanao, Patani, and Aceh. 15) To what extent can ASEAN be said to have fostered peace amongst its members? 16) How have Southeast Asian countries responded to the challenges associated with globalization? Long essay questions for 2011-12 1. How did the Chinese Communist Party's formative experiences shape its adaptation of MarxistLeninist ideologies? 2. To what extent did Communist China adopt the Soviet model of industrialisation and agricultural collectivisation? 3. Is the Chinese economy today governed by market forces? In what sense is it capitalist? 4. What political factors have shaped the pace and policies of economic reform in post-Mao China? 5. How have Mao-era methods of state coercion influenced social mobilisation and collective action in contemporary China? 6. To what extent are the middle classes and business elites forces for democratization in China? 7. When does urban mass mobilization against Southeast Asian governments emerge and succeed? 8. What role does the monarchy play in Thai politics? 9. Is Burma on the road to democracy? 10. Is the Philippine state anti-developmental? 11. To what extent are Southeast Asian states ethnocracies? 12. What is the purpose of ASEAN? Examination report for 2012 Pol 11 Politics of East Asia There were nine candidates for this paper, of which seven took the sit-in exams and two opted for long essays. Among the students who took the exam, there were four first-class marks, two high 2.1 marks, six low 2.1 marks, and two 2.2 marks. Among the candidates who chose to be assessed by long essay, there was one first-class mark, one high 2.1 mark, and two lower 2.1 marks. The strongest answers to the exam questions displayed a firm grasp of relevant theoretical approaches as well as the empirics of particular cases. The weakest answers generally provided insufficient empirical detail to back up the arguments being made, or demonstrated limited knowledge by making factual errors. Students attempted to answer all but three of the 16 questions on the exam. The most popular questions were questions 13 and 9. The strongest long essays had a clear analytical structure, used a wide range of sources effectively, developed persuasive arguments focused on the question, addressed counterarguments, and were very well written. The weaker long essays tended to fall short primarily in terms of a clear definition and conceptualization of key terms of the question. Tomas Larsson Kun-Chin Lin Glen Rangwala

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Exam questions for 2008-9 THE POLITICS OF CHINA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA Answer three questions, at least one must be taken from each section. SECTION A 1. Why did Maoism fail in China? 2. Has market reform made China more democratic? 3. What has been the reform strategy of China after Mao? 4. Is contemporary political culture in China conservative? 5. Is Chinas rise destabilizing international politics? 6. Is Chinas economic development sustainable? SECTION B 7. To what extent can political factors explain variation in economic performance in Southeast Asia? 8. What were the political consequences of the Asian financial crisis which began in 1997? Discuss with reference to Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia. 9. Is Muthiah Alagappa right to claim that state coercion plays a crucial, direct, and visible role in Southeast Asian politics? 10. Is Vietnam or the Philippines more likely to be a democracy with a high degree of state capacity in 2020? 11. Is democracy really the worst form of government, except for all the others? Discuss with reference to the situation faced by ethnic minorities in two or more countries in Southeast Asia. 12. Does Southeast Asia constitute a plural society or a regional community? Long essay questions for 2008-09 1. What are the legacies of Maoism? 2. How useful is the concept developmental state in explaining Chinas economic success? 3. Is Chinas rise reshaping the international order? 4. How have market reforms changed state-society relations in China? 5. Is there a cultural obstacle for Chinas democratisation? 6. Is China trapped in partial reform? 7. To what extent can institutions explain the economic performance of Southeast Asian nations? 8. Is there a Malay dilemma today? 9. Are Southeast Asias militaries in retreat from the political arena? 10. What should the West do to advance human rights in Burma? 11. Does the rise of China constitute a threat to Southeast Asia? 12. Will ASEAN follow in the footsteps of the EU? Examination report for 2009 POL 11 - The Politics of China and Southeast Asia Dr. Tomas Larsson, Dr. Yu Liu, Dr. Devon Curtis, Dr. Glen Rangwala and Dr. Pieter van Houten 21 candidates took Pol 11 this year, 5 of whom wrote two long essays instead of sitting the exam. Overall, five candidates received agreed first class marks, two candidates received straddled first class/upper second class marks, 11 candidates received agreed upper second class marks, 1 candidate received straddled upper second class/lower second class marks, and 2 candidates received agreed lower second class marks. No third class marks (or lower) were given by the examiners. 72 was the highest mark given, and 50 the lowest.

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This year, the marks given for long essays were concentrated in the middle of the range. Only 1 essay was judged to be of first class standard, and 1 essay received straddled first class/upper second class marks. The vast majority, 8 essays, were judged to be of upper second class standard. No lower second class mark was given for the long essays. In the exam, candidates covered a broad set of topics, with each of the 12 questions answered by at least two candidates. The two topics attracting the most interest from candidates were the rise of China in world politics (q. 4) and Chinas economic reforms (q. 3). The best exam answers tended to engage with the precise formulation of the question, made clear analytical and conceptual distinctions, and marshalled detailed empirical evidence in support of their argument. Less successful answers were not well focused on the question, lacked analytical precision, were factually incorrect, and/or were poorly written and organized. Exam questions for 2007-08 POLITICS OF CHINA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA All candidates should answer three questions. At least one must be taken from each section. Avoid overlapping answers. Section A 1. Why did Maoism fail in China? 2. Has market reform made China more democratic? 3. What has been the reform strategy of China after Mao? 4. Is contemporary political culture in China conservative? 5. Is Chinas rise destabilizing international politics? 6. Is Chinas economic development sustainable? Section B 1. To what extent can political factors help explain variation in economic performance in Southeast Asia? 2. What were the political consequences of the Asian financial crisis which began in 1997? Discuss with reference to Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia. 3. According to Muthiah Alagappa, State coercion plays a crucial, direct, and visible role in Southeast Asian politics. Why might that be the case? 4. Which of the following two countries do you think is more likely to be a democracy with a high degree of state capacity in 2020: Vietnam or the Philippines? Why? 5. Is democracy really the worst form of government, except for all the others? Discuss with reference to the situation faced by ethnic minorities in Southeast Asia. 6. Does Southeast Asia constitute a plural society or a regional community? Long essay questions for 2007-08 1. What does Maoism mean? 2. What are the political dynamics of Chinas reform? 3. Does Chinas rise prove the validity of neo-liberalism? 4. Has a civil society emerged in China? 5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of gradualism as a reform strategy in China? 6. Is China a responsible stake-holder in international politics? 7. How have colonial legacies shaped state-society relations in post-Independence Southeast Asia? 8. What challenges does globalization pose to the different worlds of welfare capitalism that exist in Southeast Asia? 9. International intervention and democratization: What are the lessons of Cambodia and East Timor?
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10. Is Southeast Asia the second front in the global war on terror? 11. Will ASEAN follow in the footsteps of the EU? Examination report for 2008 Pol 11 Politics of China and Southeast Asia There were 18 candidates for this paper. One withdrew from the final exam. Among the 17 students who took the examination, 6 opted for long essays, and 11 took the sit-in exams. The general performance of this group of students was somewhat disappointing. Not one single first class mark was given by any examiner. Even a high mark in the upper second class was extremely rare, with only one student achieving 65. The marks were concentrated around 60, with 10 out of 17 in the upper second category (59%), and the rest in the lower second category (41%). Nonetheless there were no thirds. There was only one low lower second mark. The performance of the long essays was slightly better than that in the examinations, with 4 out of 6 reaching the upper second level, whereas among exam students, only 6 out of 11 fell into the upper second level. The biggest problem with the examination answers was that students exhibited a limited ability to analyse. They tended to litter reading materials without effectively organizing them into a clear structure and a coherent argument in response to the particular question asked. Students also seemed to lack some essential knowledge on various subjects, the consequence of which was that the supporting evidence for certain arguments were either too thin or misplaced, or simply wrong. The lack of accurate analysis and the weakness in mastering materials might have in fact mutually strengthened each other. As a contrast, good answers showed hard work behind them: students here not only knew more specific detail on the subjects on which they answered, they were also better at locating and organizing relevant information for particular questions. Yu Liu Helen Thompson Tomas Larsson Devon Curtis

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