ABSTRACT

Ships and underwater vehicles like submarine and torpedoes use propeller for propulsion. In general, propellers are used as propulsors and they are also used to develop significant thrust to propel the vehicle at its operational speed and RPM. The blade geometry and design are more complex involving many controlling parameters. Propeller with conventional isotropic materials creates more vibration and noise in its rotation. It is undesirable in stealth point of view. In current years the increased need for light weight structural element with acoustic insulation has led to use of fiber reinforced multi layered composite propeller. The present work is to carryout the static, dynamic analysis of aluminum, composite propeller which is a combination of GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics) and CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) materials. The present thesis deals with modeling and analyzing the propeller blade of a under water vehicle for their strength. A propeller is a complex geometry which requires high end modeling software. The solid model of propeller is developed in CATIA V5 R17. Tetrahedral mesh is generated for the model using HYPER MESH. Static, Eigen and frequency responses analysis of both aluminum and composite propeller are carried out in ANSYS. Interlaminar shear stresses are calculated for composite propeller by varying the number of layers. The stresses obtained are well within the limit of elastic property of the materials. The results were compared with TsaiWu failure theory and found they were within the safe limits. `

CONTENTS CERTIFICATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT NOMENCLATURE LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES CHAP. NO. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Motivation for the project
. 1.2 History 1.3 Applications 1.4 Advantages and disadvantages of propeller 1.5 Basic definitions of propeller 1.6 Problem definition 1.7 Organization of the work 1 1 2 2 2 4 5

TITLE

PG NO.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 3. OVERVIEW OF THE PROPELLER

3.1 Propeller types 3.2 Propeller and its material

14 17

4. FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC MATERIALS

4.1 Fiber 4.2 Matrix 4.3 Elastic properties of lamina 19 20 21

4.4 Classical lamination theory 4.5 Failure criteria 4.6 Modeling of propeller 4.7 Mesh generation using hypermesh

36 42 43 44

5. FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

5.1 Introduction to finite element method 5.2 Historical background 5.3 Element types used in FEM 5.4 Interpolation models 5.5 Convergence criteria 5.6 Engineering applications of FEM 5.7 Steps involved in FEM 5.8 Element types used in FEM for this thesis 5.9 steps in finite element analysis of propeller using ANSYS 59 46 49 50 51 53 53 56 58

6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

6.1 Linear static analysis of propeller 6.2 Eigen value analysis of propeller 63 76 77

6.3 harmonic analysis of propeller

7. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK REFERENCES

86 87

NOMENCLATURE E Eij
FT Gij IN IP r Xt Xc Yt Yc S

: Youngs modulus of aluminum alloy (N/mm2) : Youngs modulus of GFRP and CFRP (N/mm2)
: Single force replacing the effect of thrust on each blade (thrust force)
:

Shear modulus of GFRP and CFRP (N/mm2)

: Moment of inertia (second moment of area) of critical section about an axis through its centroid normal to the base line. : Moment of inertia (second moment of area) of critical section about an axis through its centroid parallel to the base line. : The radius of the radial section in which the centroid of the blade lies (distance of the blade centroid from the centre of the propeller) : Allowable tensile stress in the principal x (or 1) direction of the material. : Allowable compressive stress in the principal x (or 1) direction of the material. : Allowable tensile stress in the principal y (or 2) direction of the material. : Allowable compressive stress in the principal y (or 2) direction of the material. : Allowable shear stress in the principal material system.

:efficiency :strain (mm/mm)

: Shear stress (N/mm2) :Normal stress (N/mm2) : Poisons ratio

LIST OF TABLES
Table No 4.1 5.1 6.1 6.2 6.3 Description Failure theories of composites Applications of FEM in various fields static analysis results of aluminum propeller static analysis results of composite propeller Eigen value analysis results page No 37 54 64 76 76

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 5.1 5.2 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 Description Stress strain diagram for a hypothetical composite Exploded view of three cross- ply laminated plates Cross sectional beam of unit length Stacking sequence of layers Construction of hydrofoils by joining of points on surface of the blade Final solid model of propeller Meshed model Loading on meshed model SOLID46 Geometry SOLID92 Geometry max. deflection of aluminum propeller max. normal stress of aluminum propeller max. von mises stress of aluminum propeller max. deflection of composite propeller with 4 layers max. von mises stress of composite propeller with 4 layers max. interlaminar shear stress of composite propeller with 4 layers max. normal stress in composite propeller with 4 layers max. deflection of composite propeller with 8 layers max. normal stress of composite propeller with 8 layers max. von mises stress of composite propeller with 8 layers max. Interlaminar shear stress of composite propeller with 8 layers max deflection of composite propeller with12 layers max normal stress of composite propeller with12 layers max.von mises stress of composite propeller with 12 layers max. Interlaminar shear stress of composite propeller with 12 layers max. deflection of composite propeller with 16 layers max stress of composite propeller with 16 layers max.von mises stress of composite propeller with 16 layers page No 22 29 32 33 42 43 44 45 58 59 64 65 65 66 67 67 68 69 69 70 70 71 72 72 73 74 74 75

6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.24 6.25 6.26 6.27 6.28 6.29 6.30 6.31 6.32 6.33

max. Interlaminar shear stress of composite propeller with 16 layers amp-freq graph of aluminum propeller in Ux direction amp-freq graph of aluminum propeller in Uy direction amp-freq graph of aluminum propeller in Uz direction amp-freq graph for 4 layers in Ux direction amp-freq graph for 4 layers in Uy direction amp-freq graph for 8 layers in Ux direction amp-freq graph for 8 layers in Uy direction amp-freq graph for 8 layers in Uz direction amp-freq graph for 12 layers in Ux direction amp-freq graph for 12 layers in Uy direction amp-freq graph for 12 layers in Uz direction amp-freq graph for 16 layers in Ux direction amp-freq graph for 16 layers in Uy direction amp-freq graph for 16 layers in Uz direction

75 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 84 84 85