METODOLOGI PENELITIAN DAN EKONOMI SYARIAH: LANGKAH-LANGKAH LANGKAH LANGKAH PENYUSUNAN PROPOSAL

Ascarya

Center of Education and Central Banking Studies Bank Indonesia

25 Mei, 2010, LIPI

RESEARCHPROPOSAL
DEFINITION
Aresearch hproposal lis i adocument d written i by b ascientist i i that h describes d ib in i detailstheprogramforaproposedscientificinvestigation. Aresearchproposalissimilarinanumberofwaystoaprojectproposal; however,aresearchproposaladdressesaparticularproject:academicor scientificresearch. Theformsandproceduresforsuchresearcharewell definedbythefieldofstudy,soguidelinesforresearchproposalsaregenerally moreexactingthanlessformalprojectproposals.

PURPOSE
Aresearchproposalisintendedtoconvinceothersthatyouhaveaworthwhile researchprojectandthatyouhavethecompetenceandtheworkplanto completeit.Generally,aresearchproposalshouldcontainallthekeyelements involvedintheresearchprocessandincludesufficientinformationforthe readers d toevaluate l the h proposed dstudy. d
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RESEARCHPROPOSAL
REASON
Budget d requestf forthe h research hthey h d describe; ib Certificationrequirementsforresearch(e.g.fromanethicscommitteeifthe experimentistobedoneonhumanbeingsoranimalsprotectedbylaws); Taskintertiaryeducation (e.g.beforeperformingresearchforathesis or ) or dissertation); Conditionforemploymentataresearchinstitution(whichusuallyrequires sponsorapprovedresearchproposals).

WHYIMPORTANT?
Thequalityofyourresearchproposaldependsnotonlyonthequalityofyour proposed dproject, j b butalso l onthe h quality li of fyourproposal lwriting. i i Agood d researchprojectmayruntheriskofrejectionsimplybecausetheproposalis poorly p ywritten.Therefore, ,itp pays y ify yourwriting giscoherent, ,clearand compelling.
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RESEARCHPROPOSAL
STYLE
The h phrasing h i of fresearch hproposals l has h manysimilarities i il i i tothat h of fscientific i ifi articles.Ofcourse,researchproposalsarewritteninfuturetenseandhave differentp pointsofemphasis. p Researchproposalshavesectionsdescribingtheresearchbackground, significance,methods,andreferences. Themethodsectionofresearchproposalsisfarmoredetailedthanthoseof scientificarticles,allowingprofoundunderstandingofthepriceandrisksofthe studyandtheplansforreducingthem. them Insteadofasectiondescribingtheresults,researchproposalshaveasection gthehypotheses yp ortheexpected p results. describing Atypicalresearchproposalincludesanextensivebutfocusedliteraturereview. Aresearchproposalmayalsoincludepreliminaryresults. Researchproposalsmustofferconvincingsupportofneedfortheresearch studybeingproposed. 4

RESEARCHPROPOSAL
EXAMPLE
Doctoral ldissertations di i begin b i with i hresearch hproposal; l the h proposal lmustbe b acceptedbyapanelofexperts(usuallyprofessors)beforetheactualresearch canbegin. g Inadditiontop providing grationalefortheproposed p p research, ,the proposalmustdescribedadetailedmethodologyforconductingtheresearch amethodologyconsistentwithrequirementsoftheprofessionaloracademic fi ld field. Researchsponsorspublishcallsforresearchproposals,specifyingthetopics intowhichtheyfundresearchandtheirdetailedformatrequirements.Those sponsorsmaybegovernmental,nonprofitorbusinessresearchfoundations.

BOTTOMLINE
Allresearchproposalsmustaddressthefollowingquestions: Whatyouplantoaccomplish; Why Wh youwanttod doi it;and d Howyouaregoingtodoit.

P j j k Penjajakan

Menemukan Dilema Manajemen Mendefinisikan Pertanyaan y Manajemen j Mendefinisikan Pertanyaan Penelitian Mempertajam Pertanyaan Penelitian

P j j k Penjajakan

RESEARCHPROCESS
Proposal Penelitian Desain Penelitian Pengumpulan Data dan Persiapan
Analisis Data dan Interpretasi Laporan Penelitian
Perencanaan Penelitian Pengumpulan Data Analisis, Interpretasi, Pelaporan

Keputusan Manajemen

Pertanyaan Manajemen Pertanyaan Penelitian Pertanyaan Penyelidikan Pertanyaan Pengukuran

Pencarian literatur untuk usulan solusi Pencarian P i lit literatur t untuk memahami dilema manajemen Pencarian P i lit literatur t untuk informasi topik-topik Penggalian gg data untuk usulan solusi Penggalian P li d data t untuk informasi topik-topik Penggalian P li d data t untuk memahami dilema manajemen

Pencarian literatur untuk sampling dan desain penelitian

Pencarian literatur untuk contoh pertanyaan

Penggalian data untuk kerangka sampel

Penjajakan

RESEARCHPROCESS
Proposal Penelitian Desain D i Penelitian P liti Strategi Desain Jenis, Tujuan, Rentang waktu, lingkungan
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RESEARCHINISLAMICECONOMIC &FINANCE
OBJECTIVES

Price Stability Full p y Employment &Growth E l Employment t Economic Growth

Justice& EquitableDist. ofIncome& Wealth Stabilityin theValueof Money

FALAH

ConventionalECONOMY

IslamicECONOMY FALAH:wellbeingandprosperityinthis worldandthehereafter.

RESEARCHINISLAMICECONOMIC &FINANCE
ALQURAN ASSUNNAH Conventional EconomicLiteratures
Menemukan Dilema Manajemen Mendefinisikan Pertanyaan Manajemen Mendefinisikan Pertanyaan Penelitian Mempertajam Pertanyaan Penelitian

Islamic EconomicLiteratures

Penjajakan

Penjajakan

Conv.vs Conv vs.Islamic EconomicLiteratures

Proposal P l Penelitian

Dual EconomicLiteratures

Desain Penelitian Strategi Desain Jenis, Tujuan, Rentang waktu, lingkungan

HALAMANJUDUL
v JUDUL
Itshould h ldbe b concise i and ddescriptive. d i i Forexample, l the h phrase, h "An " investigation i i i of..."couldbeomitted.Oftentitlesarestatedintermsofafunctional relationship, p,becausesuchtitlesclearly yindicatetheindependent p and dependentvariables.However,ifpossible,thinkofaninformativebutcatchy title.Aneffectivetitlenotonlypricksthereader'sinterest,butalso predisposes di hi him/her /h favorably f bl t towards d the th proposal. l

+ ABSTRAK
Iti isabrief b i fsummaryof fapproximately i t l 300words. d Itshould h ldi include l d th the researchquestion,therationaleforthestudy,thehypothesis(ifany),the methodandthemainfindings.Descriptionsofthemethodmayincludethe design,procedures,thesampleandanyinstrumentsthatwillbeused.

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HALAMANJUDUL
JENIS Akademik
Penjaja akan Diserta asi Pape er/ Jurna al Tesis s

Internal
Skala Kecil K Penjaja akan Skala a Besa ar

Eksternal
Pemerin ntah Skala Kecil K Skala a Besa ar

MODUL
JUDUL PENULIS ABSTRAK JEL Classifications Keywords RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF

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PENDAHULUAN
PENDAHULUAN
Themainpurposeoftheintroductionistoprovidethenecessarybackground orcontextforyourresearchproblem.Howtoframetheresearchproblemis perhapsthebiggestprobleminproposalwriting. Theintroductionisthepartofthepaperthatprovidesreaderswiththe backgroundinformationfortheresearchreportedinthepaper.Itspurposeis toestablishaframeworkfortheresearch research,sothatreaderscanunderstandhow itisrelatedtootherresearch(Wilkinson,1991,p.96). Inanintroduction,thewritershould: Createreaderinterestinthetopic; Laythebroadfoundationfortheproblemthatleadstothestudy; Placethestudywithinthelargercontextofthescholarlyliterature;and Reachouttoaspecificaudience.(Creswell,1994,p.42). yp ybegins g withag generalstatementofthep problemarea, , Theintroductiontypically withafocusonaspecificresearchproblem,tobefollowedbytherationalor justificationfortheproposedstudy. 12

PENDAHULUAN
CAKUPAN
1 State 1. S the h research hproblem, bl which hi his i often f referred f dtoasthe h purposeof fthe h study. d 2. Providethecontextandsetthestageforyourresearchquestioninsuchawayasto showitsnecessity yandimportance. p 3. Presenttherationaleofyourproposedstudyandclearlyindicatewhyitisworth doing. 4. Brieflydescribethemajorissuesandsubproblemstobeaddressedbyyourresearch. 5. Identifythekeyindependentanddependentvariablesofyourexperiment. Alternatively,specifythephenomenonyouwanttostudy. 6. Stateyourhypothesisortheory,ifany.Forexploratoryorphenomenologicalresearch, youmaynothaveanyhypotheses.(Pleasedonotconfusethehypothesiswiththe statistical i i lnull llhypothesis.) h h i ) 7. Setthedelimitationorboundariesofyourproposedresearchinordertoprovidea clearfocus. 8. Providedefinitionsofkeyconcepts.(Thisisoptional.)
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PENDAHULUAN
ISI
Background LatarBelakang Memaparkanlatarbelakangpenelitianyangmengerucutkepadapemilihan topikpenelitiansecarapadatdaninformatif. ProblemStatement RumusanMasalah Disajikandalambentukpertanyaanmanajemen,berdasar latarbelakangdan akibatakibatnya,denganbatasanbatasanyangjelas. ResearchObjectives TujuanPenelitian Memaparkansecarajelasapayangdirencanakandalampenelitianyang diusulkan.Bentuknya:pertanyaanpenyelidikan DataandMethodology DatadanMetodologi Penjelasanringkastentangdatayangdipakaidanmetodologiyangdipilihuntuk menganalisismasalahdanmenjawabpertanyaanpenyelidikan. ImportanceoftheStudy Pentingnya/ManfaatPenelitian Manfaatyangakandiperolehdanpentingnyapenelitiandilakukansekarang.
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PENDAHULUAN
JENIS Akademik
Penjaja akan Diserta asi Pape er/ Jurna al Tesis s

Internal
Skala Kecil K Penjaja akan Skala a Besa ar

Eksternal
Pemerin ntah Skala Kecil K Skala a Besa ar

MODUL
PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang Rumusan Masalah Tujuan Penelitian Pembatasan Masalah Hipotesis Data dan Metodologi Manfaat Penelitian Sistematika Penulisan

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TINJAUANPUSTAKA
PURPOSE
The h review i of fthe h li literatureprovides id the h b background k dand dcontextf forthe h researchproblem.Itshouldestablishtheneedfortheresearchandindicate thatthewriterisknowledgeable g aboutthearea( (Wiersma, ,1995, ,p p.406). ) Theliteraturereviewaccomplishesseveralimportantthings. y 1. Itshareswiththereadertheresultsofotherstudiesthatareclosely relatedtothestudybeingreported(Fraenkel &Wallen,1990). 2. Itrelatesastudytothelarger,ongoingdialogueintheliteratureabouta topic, i filli fillingin i gapsand dextending di prior i studies di ( (Marshall h ll&Rossman, 1989). 3 Itprovidesaframeworkforestablishingtheimportanceofthestudy 3. study,as wellasabenchmarkforcomparingtheresultsofastudywithother findings. 4. Itframestheproblemearlieridentified.
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TINJAUANPUSTAKA
PURPOSE
The h review i of fthe h li literatureprovides id the h b background k dand dcontextf forthe h researchproblem.Itshouldestablishtheneedfortheresearchandindicate thatthewriterisknowledgeable g aboutthearea( (Wiersma, ,1995, ,p p.406). ) Demonstratetothereaderthatyouhaveacomprehensivegraspofthefield andareawareofimportantrecentsubstantiveandmethodological developments. Delineatethejumpingoffplaceforyourstudy.Howwillyourstudyrefine, revise orextendwhatisnowknown? revise, Avoidstatementsthatimplythatlittlehasbeendoneintheareaorthatwhat hasbeendoneistooextensivetop permiteasy ysummary. y Statementsofthis sortareusuallytakenasindicationsthatthewriterisnotreallyfamiliarwith theliterature.
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TINJAUANPUSTAKA
JENIS Akademik
Penjaja akan Diserta asi Pape er/ Jurna al Tesis s

Internal
Skala Kecil K Penjaja akan Skala a Besa ar

Eksternal
Pemerin ntah Skala Kecil K Skala a Besa ar

MODUL
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Landasan Teori - Masalah - Model/Metodologi Penelitian Terdahulu - Masalah - Model/Metodologi g Pemikiran Kerangka Posisi Penelitian

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TINJAUANPUSTAKA
FUNGSI
1. 1 2. 3 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Ensuresthat h youarenot" "reinventing i i the h wheel". h l" Givescreditstothosewhohavelaidthegroundworkforyourresearch. D Demonstrates t t yourknowledge k l d of fthe th research hproblem. bl Demonstratesyourunderstandingofthetheoreticalandresearchissues relatedtoyourresearchquestion. Showsyourabilitytocriticallyevaluaterelevantliteratureinformation. Indicates d catesyou yourab ability tytointegrate teg ateand a dsynthesize sy t es ethe t eexisting e st gliterature. te atu e. Providesnewtheoreticalinsightsordevelopsanewmodelastheconceptual frameworkforyourresearch. Convincesyourreaderthatyourproposedresearchwillmakeasignificantand substantialcontributiontotheliterature(i.e.,resolvinganimportant theoreticalissueorfillingamajorgapintheliterature) literature).
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TINJAUANPUSTAKA
COMMONMISTAKES
1. 1 2. 3 3. 4. 5 5. 6. 7 7. 8. Lacking ki organization i i and dstructure Lackingfocus,unityandcoherence B i repetitive Being titi and dverbose b Failingtociteinfluentialpapers Failingtokeepupwithrecentdevelopments Failingtocriticallyevaluatecitedpapers Citingirrelevantortrivialreferences Dependingtoomuchonsecondarysources

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METODOLOGI
NATURE
Th Themethods h d orprocedures d section i is i really ll the h heart h of fthe h research hproposal. l The Th activitiesshouldbedescribedwithasmuchdetailaspossible,andthecontinuity betweenthemshouldbeapparent(Wiersma,1995,p.409). Indicatethemethodologicalstepsyouwilltaketoanswereveryquestionortotest everyhypothesisillustratedintheQuestions/Hypothesessection. Allresearchisplaguedbythepresenceofconfoundingvariables(thenoise thatcovers uptheinformationyouwouldliketohave).Confoundingvariablesshouldbe minimizedbyvariouskindsofcontrols orbeestimatedandtakenintoaccountby randomizationprocesses(Guba, ( 1961). ) Beawareofpossiblesourcesoferrortowhichyourdesignexposesyou.Youwillnot produceaperfect,errorfreedesign(noonecan).However,youshouldanticipate possiblesourcesoferrorandattempttoovercomethemortakethemintoaccountin youranalysis.Moreover,youshoulddisclosetothereaderthesourcesyouhave identifiedandwhateffortsyouhavemadetoaccountforthem them.
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METODOLOGI
NATURE
The h Method h dsection i is i veryimportant i because b it i tells ll yourResearch h Committeehowyouplantotackleyourresearchproblem.Itwillprovideyour workp plananddescribetheactivitiesnecessary yforthecompletion p ofyour y project. TheguidingprincipleforwritingtheMethodsectionisthatitshouldcontain sufficientinformationforthereadertodeterminewhethermethodologyis sound.Someevenarguethatagoodproposalshouldcontainsufficientdetails foranotherqualifiedresearchertoimplementthestudy. Youneedtodemonstrateyourknowledgeofalternativemethodsandmake thecasethatyourapproachisthemostappropriateandmostvalidwayto addressyourresearchquestion.

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METODOLOGI
JENIS Akademik
Penjaja akan Diserta asi Pape er/ Jurna al Tesis s

Internal
Skala Kecil K Penjaja akan Skala a Besa ar

Eksternal
Pemerin ntah Skala Kecil K Skala a Besa ar

MODUL
METODOLOGI Data Var. & Definisi Op. Metodologi Penelitian REFERENSI LAMPIRAN

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METODOLOGI
NATURE
The h Method h dsection i is i veryimportant i because b it i tells ll yourResearch h Committeehowyouplantotackleyourresearchproblem.Itwillprovideyour workp plananddescribetheactivitiesnecessary yforthecompletion p ofyour y project. TheguidingprincipleforwritingtheMethodsectionisthatitshouldcontain sufficientinformationforthereadertodeterminewhethermethodologyis sound.Someevenarguethatagoodproposalshouldcontainsufficientdetails foranotherqualifiedresearchertoimplementthestudy. Youneedtodemonstrateyourknowledgeofalternativemethodsandmake thecasethatyourapproachisthemostappropriateandmostvalidwayto addressyourresearchquestion.

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METODOLOGI
NATURE
Forquantitative i i studies, di the h method h dsection i typically i ll consists i of fthe h following f ll i sections: 1. Design g Isitaq questionnairestudy yoralaboratory yexperiment? p Whatkindof designdoyouchoose? 2. Subjectsorparticipants Whowilltakepartinyourstudy?Whatkindof sampling li procedure d d doyouuse? ? 3. Instruments Whatkindofmeasuringinstrumentsorquestionnairesdoyou use?Why ydoyou y choosethem?Arethey yvalidandreliable? 4. Procedure Howdoyouplantocarryoutyourstudy?Whatactivitiesare involved?Howlongdoesittake?

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LAMPIRAN
JENIS Akademik
Penjaja akan Diserta asi Pape er/ Jurna al Tesis s

Internal
Skala Kecil K Penjaja akan Skala a Besa ar

Eksternal
Pemerin ntah Skala Kecil K Skala a Besa ar

MODUL
LAMPIRAN Kualifikasi Peneliti Anggaran Jadwal Fasilitas & SDM Manajemen Proyek Daftar Istilah g Instrumen Pengukuran

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COMMONMISTAKES
1. 2 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Failuretoprovidethepropercontexttoframetheresearchquestion. Failuretodelimittheboundaryconditionsforyourresearch research. Failuretocitelandmarkstudies. Failuretoaccuratelypresentthetheoreticalandempiricalcontributionsby otherresearchers. Failuretostayfocusedontheresearchquestion. Failuretodevelopacoherentandpersuasiveargumentfortheproposed research. Toomuchdetailonminorissues,butnotenoughdetailonmajorissues. Toomuch hrambling bli going i " "all lloverthe h map" "without i h aclear l senseof f direction.(Thebestproposalsmoveforwardwitheaseandgracelikea seamlessriver.) ) Toomanycitationlapsesandincorrectreferences. Toolongortooshort. F ili to Failing t f follow ll th theSTANDARD(e.g., ( APA)style. t l Sloppingwriting.

9. 10. 11 11. 12.

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Wallahu alam a lam Bishawwab

Questions and Answers

HASIL&ANALISIS
JENIS Akademik
Penjaja akan Diserta asi Pape er/ Jurna al Tesis s

Internal
Skala Kecil K Penjaja akan Skala a Besa ar

Eksternal
Pemerin ntah Skala Kecil K Skala a Besa ar

MODUL
HASIL & ANALISIS Hasil Perhitungan Analisis Implikasi Kebijakan PENUTUP Kesimpulan Rekomendasi. REFERENSI LAMPIRAN

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