Solution for Chapter 22

(compiled by Xinkai Wu)

A.
Exercise 22.1 Non-resonant Particle Energy in Wave [Chris Hirata/00]
The rate of change of the non-resonant electron kinetic energy is given by
dU
e
dt
=
d
dt
_
1
2
m
e
v
2
F
0
dv
=
_
1
2
m
e
v
2
F
0
t
dv
using eq. (22.20)
=
_
1
2
m
e
v
2
_

v
_
D
F
0
v
_
v
F
0
z
_
dv
the 2nd term in the square brackets gives zero b/c its odd in v;
also, integrate by part gives
=
_
Dm
e
v
F
0
v
dv (1)
Now the D appearing the above expression should be the dierence between
eq. (22.21) and eq. (22.22). Its not hard to see this corresponds to, for non-
resonant electrons with v <<
r
k
, setting v to zero in the denominator of eq.
(22.21) (and also ignoring the
2
i
in the denominator). Thus we get
D =
e
2

0
m
2
e
_
dkE
k

2
r
using
2
r

2
p
=
ne
2

0
m
e
, see eq. (22.11)
=

i
nm
e
_
dkE
k
Plugging the above expression for D(which is actually v-independent) into eq.
(1) and integrating by part, we get
dU
e
dt
= Dm
e
_
F
0
dv = Dm
e
n = 2
i

1
2
_
+
0
dkE
k
which is the desired eq. (22.23).
Exercise 22.2 Energy Conservation [Alexander Putilin/99]
The electron kinetic energy density and momentum density are given by
U
e
=
_
1
2
m
e
v
2
F
0
dv
S
e
z
=
_
1
2
m
e
v
3
F
0
dv
1
and we have
U
e
t
+
S
e
z
z
=
_
1
2
m
e
v
2
_
F
0
t
+v
F
0
z
_
dv
=
_
1
2
m
e
v
2

v
_
D
F
0
v
_
dv
=
_
D
F
0
v
m
e
vdv
Now using eq. (22.22) for the resonant electrons
D =
e
2

0
m
2
e
_
dkE
k
(
r
kv)
we nd
U
e
t
+
S
e
z
z
=
e
2

0
m
e
_
dk
E
k

r
k
2
F

0
_

r
k
_
which becomes, upon using eq. (22.12) F

0
_
r
k
_
=
20me
e
2
k
2
r

i
,

_
dk 2
i
E
k
=

t
_
dkE
k

z
_
dkE
k

r
k
using eq. (22.19)
=
U
w
t

S
w
z
z
where weve used the facts that
_
dkE
k
is the waves energy density U
w
, and
_
dkE
k
r
k
is the waves energy ux S
w
z
.
Thus we nally have
U
e
t
+
S
e
z
z
=
U
w
t

S
w
z
z
which is energy conservation law.
B. Exercise 22.3 Cerenkov Power in Electrostatic Waves [Alexander Putilin/99]
The emission rate of plasmons is given by (22.43)
W =
e
2

0
k
2

(
r
k v)
Each plasmon has energy
r
, so the radiated power per unit time is
P =
1
(2)
3
_
d
3
kW
r
=
e
2
8
2

0
_
d
3
k

2
r
k
2
(
r
k v)
The integration is over the region k < k
max
(outside this region waves are
strongly Landau damped). A good estimate of k
max
is inverse Debye length:
2
k
max
1/
D
(see the discussion at the end of Chapter 21.3.5). Since k
D
< 1,
we can approximate
r
(k) by a constant
p
.
Choosing v to point along z-axis, we have
P =
e
2

2
p
8
2

0
_
k<kmax
d
3
k
1
k
2
(
r
k v)
=
e
2

2
p
8
2

0
_
k<kmax
d
2
k

dk
z
1
k
2

+k
2
z
(
r
k v)
=
e
2

2
p
8
2

0
v
_
k
2

<k
2
max
(
2
p
/v
2
)
d
2
k

1
k
2

+ (
2
p
/v
2
)
=
e
2

2
p
8
2

0
v
_
k
2
max
(
2
p
/v
2
)
0
2k

dk

1
k
2

+ (
2
p
/v
2
)
=
e
2

2
p
4
0
v
ln
_
k
max
v

p
_
Note that P depends on k
max
logarithmically. So if v is suciently large, it
doesnt make much dierence what particular denition we use for k
max
.
C. Exercise 22.5 Three-Wave Processes Parts (a),(c),(d),(e) [Alexander
Putilin/99 and Xinkai Wu/02]
(a) Diagram (b) in Fig. 22.4 gives the rate of creation of B,
_
d
dt
_
creation
=
_
W
CAB

C
(1 +
A
)(1 +
B
)
dV
kA
(2)
3
dV
kC
(2)
3
where in the above expression, the unity in (1+
A
) corresponds to spontaneous
emission and
A
corresponds to induced emission. Simlilar for (1 +
B
).
Diagram (a) in Fig. 22.4 gives the rate of destruction of B,
_
d
dt
_
destruction
=
_
W
ABC
(
C
+ 1)
A

B
dV
kA
(2)
3
dV
kC
(2)
3
The net rate of change is given by the dirence of these two, and by principle
of detailed balance W
ABC
= W
CAB
. So we get
d
dt
=
_
W
ABC
[(1 +
A
+
B
)
C

A

B
]
dV
kA
(2)
3
dV
kC
(2)
3
(c) Under the approximation stated in the problem, we have

C
(1 +
A
+
B
)
A

B

B
(
C

A
)
Also lets change notation: k
B
k, k
C
k

,
B
(k
B
)
ia
(k),
A
(k
A
)

L
(k
A
),
C
(k
C
)
L
(k

), also change
A
and
C
to
L
. Then using the Taylor
expansion

L
(k

)
L
(k

k) k
k

L
(k

L
(k

k)
L
(k

) k
k

L
(k

) = k V
g
(k

)
3
we easily get eq. (22.59).
(d) eq. (22.59) becomes almost identical to eq. (22.42) upon
ia
(k) (k),
and
L
(k

) f(v). The underlying physical reason is of course in the former

case the emitted particle is an ion acoustic plasmon and the emitting particle is
a Langmuir plasmon; while in the latter case the emitted particle is a Langmuir
plasmon and the emitting particle is an electron.
(e) Sorry folks, not here yet; will appear soon.
D.
Exercise 22.4 Electron Fokker-Planck Equation [Xinkai Wu/02]
Its very straightforward to carry out the Taylor expansion in to second
order, so we dont bother to write down all the formulae here. Rather well just
point out a few things worth noticing in the expansion. Fristly you may nd its
easier to use component notation rather than tensor notation. Secondly, you
may want to group terms coming out of expanding the r.h.s. of eq. (22.47) into
three categories: f terms,
f
v
j
terms, and

2
f
v
j
v
n
terms. Thirdly, to get the nal
answer, notice that in the classical limit both and W are large, i.e. of order
1/. After all these, you can set 0 and recover eq. (22.48).
Exercise 22.5 Three-Wave Processes: Parts (b), (f), (g) [Xinkai Wu/02]
k+k
k k
k
k
k
k
k-k
k
k-k
k+k
k
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Figure 1: Diagrams for the change of Langmuir occupation number (we use solid
lines to denote Langmuir plasmons, and dashed lines ion acoustic plasmons)
(b) See Fig. 1 for the four relevant diagrams. The desired rate of change
for the Langmuir occupation number of is given by the sum/dierence of these
4
four diagrams:
d
L
(k

)
dt
=
_
d
3
k
(2)
6
[(1) + (2) (3) (4)]
where
(1) =
L
(k

+k)[1 +
L
(k

)][1 +
ia
(k)]R(k

+k, k, k

)(
L
(k

+ k)
L
(k

)
ia
(k))
(2) =
L
(k

k)
ia
(k)[1 +
L
(k

)]R(k

k, k, k

)(
L
(k

)
L
(k

k)
ia
(k))
(3) =
L
(k

)[1 +
L
(k

k)][1 +
ia
(k)]R(k

k, k, k

)(
L
(k

)
L
(k

k)
ia
(k))
(4) =
L
(k

)
ia
(k)[1 +
L
(k

+k)]R(k

+k, k, k

)(
L
(k

+k)
L
(k

)
ia
(k))
(f) Now under the approximation stated in part (c), all the -functions in
the previous part reduce to the same expression (
ia
(k) k V
g
(k

)). We also
have(dropping this -function for the moment being)
(1) (4) = {
L
(k

+k)[1 +
L
(k

) +
ia
(k)]
L
(k

)
ia
(k)} R(k

+k, k, k

)
[
L
(k

+k)
L
(k

)]R(k

+k, k, k

)
ia
(k)
k
k

L
(k

+k)R(k

+k, k, k

)
ia
(k)
and
(2) (3) = {
L
(k

k)
ia
(k)
L
(k

)[1 +
L
(k

k) +
ia
(k)]} R(k

k, k, k

)
[
L
(k

k)
L
(k

)]R(k

k, k, k

)
ia
(k)
k
k

L
(k

)R(k

, k, k

k)
ia
(k)
where to reach the last expression in the above equation, weve used the fact
that R is symmetric w.r.t. the two Langmuir wave momenta.
Its not hard to see that (1) (4) and (2) (3) are the same expression of
K evaluated at K = k

+ k and k

respectively So integrating their sum over

phase space we immediately get the desired answer
d
L
(k

)
dt
=
k
[D(k

)
k

L
(k

)]
with
D(k

)
_
d
3
k
(2)
6

ia
(k)k k R(k

, k, k

k)(
ia
(k) k V
g
(k

))
(g) The diusion equation we get in the previous part is very similar to eq.
(22.30) and (22.31) because in both cases we are looking at the EMITTING
particle(c.f. part (d), where we were looking at the EMITTED particles).
5