Definitions of Design Criteria

criteria that designers should meet in designing some system or device; "the job specifications summarized the design criteria" ; "Design Criteria" are the benchmarks (criteria) against which a design will be measured to deem it successful or failed Design Criteria is a document to record the Consultants understanding of the projects design requirements

Objectives of electrical design criteria The electrical design criteria is a document that: State design decisions throughout the design process. List any special features and alternatives that were considered. Provide a written narrative accurately addressing the electrical and telecommunication design. Describe the design approach to all electrical systems. Include the method used for sizing conductors, conduit, protective devices, and other equipment. When tables from industry standards are used in the design, it indicates the title, source, and date of the document. Include a complete list of all design standards and references used for the design.

How to write Electrical Design Criteria?

A standard electrical design criteria Include the information in the following subparagraphs as a minimum. 1- Introduction 1.1 Scope :Indicate the objective of design criteria. Example: This document summarizes the codes, standards, criteria, and practices that will be generally used in the design and construction of electrical engineering systems for the Project. 1.2 Project description: Introduce a short summary for the project. Example: the project is a high-rise office building with shopping arcade, it has 10-story building (12 floors) with a floor area of approx. 25 m x 60 m. There is a car park for customers in front of the building, the access way to the parking garage (levels -1 to -3 for employees) and a fountain (80 m x 20 m). Real floor area approx. 1350 m2 (14 levels + technical equipment on roof level). Floor heights of levels 00 to +10: 4 m, levels -1 to -3: 3 m. 2- General Conditions Indicate Environmental and topography conditions at the project area, all equipment

shall be suitable for operation at these conditions. Example: Design Noise level: NC 60-65 Sound absorbent material in rafters. Temperature (max/min): 75 F 5 degree F Humidity (max/min): 50% ( 10%)

3- Definitions and Abbreviations List the definitions of all terms and Abbreviations hat will be used throughout the design criteria document. Example:

Abbreviations DC LV IPXX MCB MCCB

Term Direct Current Low Voltage Ingress Protection Miniature Circuit Breaker Moulded Case Circuit Breaker

4- Codes & standards List all codes and standards that will be used in design process of the project. Example: A listing of the general codes and industry standards to be used in design and construction follows:

The American Bearing Manufacturers Association (ABMA) American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Insulated Cable Engineers Association (ICEA) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

5- Primary Power Distribution Systems 5.1 incoming main Power Source : Identify the location of the point of connection into the existing primary system. Standards of Design :Describe pertinent standards of design, such as voltage drop, and equipment ratings. Address the characteristics of this primary system, including:

1. voltage designation and levels: Provide basis for selection of primary and secondary voltages. 2. Number of phases, 3. available fault current, 4. the circuit grounding classifications (ungrounded, unigrounded, resistance grounded, or multi-grounded). 5. Address the adequacy of the primary system; if inadequate, state measures proposed to correct the inadequacy. 6. System Maintainability: Design the system in a manner that facilitates periodic maintenance of the equipment.

5.2 Estimated Electrical Project Load Provide an estimate of total connected load (kVA) and the resulting demand load (kVA), transformer size, and service size. 5.3 Address the characteristics of Main Service Equipment (MV switchgear, Transformers substations, metering). 5.4 Distribution methods address the method of power distribution to be one of the following: 1. Underground Distribution 2. Overhead Distribution

3. 5.5 Conductors

Bus ducts

Include conductor size, type, number of conductors, insulation voltage rating, and insulation level.

6- Other Exterior Systems 6.1 Standards of Design Describe pertinent standards of design, such as voltage drop and equipment ratings. 6.2 Alternate Energy Sources Describe alternate energy systems such as engine-generator sets, photovoltaic power systems, wind turbines, and fuel cells. 6.3 Telecommunications (including voice, video and data) System Identify point of connection into base system. Describe modifications, if required, to existing base system. 6.4 Special Systems: Identify any special systems, such as Electronic Security Systems (ESS) or Cable Television (CATV). Describe how and where the facility will connect to the basewide Mass Notification System.

6.5 Exterior Lighting Systems Describe types of luminaires and illuminance values. 6.6 Conductors Include conductor type and number of conductors. 7- Interior Distribution Systems 7.1 Standards of Design

Describe the proposed standards of design, such as voltage drop, illuminance values, type of light sources, and energy conserving features. 7.2 Describe the electrical systems including the following:

lighting systems; Describe types of luminaires and illuminance values; emergency lighting; wiring devices; distribution equipments (switchgear, switchboards, panels, Motor control centers); motors and controllers; Power Management; Harmonic Distortion And Power Factor, overcurrent protection devices, disconnecting means, grounding systems, lightning protection system; telecommunications system; other systems such as television; physical and electronic security features such as ESS, access control.

7.3 Wiring Methods Indicate the type of wiring method, such as rigid conduit, electrical metallic tubing, cable tray, nonmetallic sheathed cable, and where proposed to use.

7.4 Conductors Indicate the type of conductors and insulation material such as CU, AL, THW, XHHW, and where proposed to use. 7.5 Special Systems

Describe the proposed type of systems.

Indicate each systems function and the interrelationships between systems, when applicable. Identify government-furnished equipment, if any. Identify special security requirements. Identify special physical security requirements.

Special systems include such systems as:

Master Clock system Fire alarm system CATV, Closed Circuit Television (CCTV), Intercom, Sound, Nurse Call, Security, Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS). Other systems as per project needs.

7.6 Telecommunications Systems

Identify space required for telecommunication equipment, and size of incoming duct/conduit. Include documentation concerning telecommunications room sizes, to accommodate interface equipment provisions for multiuse systems (i.e. special use systems, such as voice, video, and data).

7.7 Instrumentation and Controls

Coordinate all interfaces with instrumentation and control systems provided by other disciplines, and provide required connections, either empty conduits or power wiring as required. Normally, the designer for the discipline that is responsible for the process (such as electrical, mechanical, or civil) is also responsible for the instrumentation and controls design of that system.

Notes for Electrical Design Criteria: Update the design criteria for each stage to accurately show the current state of the design.

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In the previous Topic Specific Electrical Requirements for Industrial Buildings- Part One, I clarified that any designer wants to optimize his design for industrial buildings by completely satisfying the users individual needs for these buildings which are: 1. Workshop and office flexibility. 2. Production facility availability, continuity of service. 3. Time, investment and operating cost control. And I show that these needs must be satisfied in the following three levels of electrical design for power distribution architecture which are: 1. General distribution. 2. Sub-distribution. 3. Final distribution. Actually, Each industrial site has its own particular needs and requires a specific type of power distribution architecture based on the following principles: 1. Cost optimization, which is closely, linked to the location of the MV/LV substations, 2. Availability, which is primarily governed by the higher levels of the architecture, 3. Flexibility, which is based mainly on the subdistribution and final distribution design These principles can be applied in different types of power distribution architecture, especially in the common three types which are: 1. "Radial branched" power distribution architecture, 2. "Dual-transformer shared" power supply distribution architecture, 3. "Multiple-transformer shared" power distribution architecture. In the previous Topic as referred above, I explain the first type of power distribution architecture; "Radial branched" and today I will continue explaining the other two types as follows: "Dual-transformer shared" power supply distribution architecture.

Dual-transformer shared
This power supply distribution architecture meets the needs for increased flexibility and availability for all industrial buildings. The electrical design levels in this power distribution architecture will be as follows: 1- General distribution Level It will include two MV/LV substations; both substations will supply the main switchboard (via cables or high power busbar trunking ) with low voltage at the same time, and the main switchboard will supply a high-current busbar trunking.

That is why this power supply distribution architecture is known as a "dual-transformer shared". 2- Sub-distribution Level In this level, Loads are supplied as follows: Large structural loads, such as painting equipment, are supplied directly via cables from the main switchboard on the nearest MV/LV substation. The rating of the high-current busbar trunking consequently relieved of such loads is reduced. High-power machine cubicles will be fed directly via medium or low power busbar trunking. The local sub-distribution board in the office zone is supplied directly via cables from main switchboard. The other power loads are supplied from the high-power busbar trunking. 3- Final distribution Level In this level, each final load will be supplied as follows: The mobile devices connected via their industrial outlets are supplied from multi-functional weatherproof enclosures. The lighting throughout the workshops is distributed via lighting busbar trunking fed from the local sub-distribution board. Mobile workstations are supplied via industrial poles.

Evaluation of "Dual-transformer shared" power distribution architecture: This architecture type is optimized more than the Radialbranched architecture, as it is designed to provide the process with a distributed power at general and sub-distribution level, making it easier to connect the loads throughout the industrial buildings, irrespective of their location. The design of both the power sub-distribution and the general power distribution can therefore be more independent of the process design. This architecture satisfies the high level of availability required by sensitive loads (servers, programmable controllers, etc.) due to its protected supply which ensures the operation of critical connected equipment in the event of the failure of one of the two MV/LV substations because each load will be supplied simultaneously by both transformers. This architecture (Both the general and sub-distribution) uses mainly factory built components (busbars and sub-distribution boards components) for more standard flexibility, availability, time and cost control requirements which result in the following: 1. Shorter installation time.

2. Easy deal with design (specifications, inaccuracies, etc.), installation (worksite, hazards, etc.) and operating (modification, workshop relocation, etc.). 3. The reliability of the plant is guaranteed This power distribution architecture has the following evaluation:

Flexibility Availability Time and Cost Control

*** *** ***

"Multiple-transformer shared" power distribution architecture

Multiple-transformer shared
This power supply distribution architecture meets the very high flexibility and availability for all industrial buildings The electrical design levels in this power distribution architecture will be as follows: 1- General distribution Level It will include many MV/LV substations connected in a low voltage loop by high-power busbar trunking which can connect about four MV/LV substations. That is why it is known as a "multiple-transformer shared" power distribution architecture. 2- Sub-distribution Level In this level, Loads are supplied as follows:

Large structural loads, such as painting equipment are supplied directly via cables from the main switchboard on the nearest substation: the rating of the high-current busbar trunking consequently relieved of such loads is reduced. The high-power machine cubicles, in addition to the roof mounted heat pumps, will be supplied via the medium-power busbar trunking. The local sub-distribution board in the office zone is supplied directly Via cables from main switchboard. The other loads are supplied directly from the low-voltage loop.

3- Final distribution Level In this level, each final load will be supplied as follows: The mobile devices connected via their industrial outlets are supplied from multi-functional weatherproof enclosures. The lighting throughout the building is distributed via lighting busbar trunking. Mobile workstations are supplied via industrial poles.

Evaluation of Multiple-transformer shared" power distribution architecture This architecture is best optimized type, as it is designed to provide the process with a distributed supply at general and subdistribution Levels and making it easier to connect the loads in all industrial buildings, whatever their location. This architecture satisfies the high level of availability required by sensitive loads (servers, programmable controllers, etc.) due to its protected supply because it ensures that the critical connected equipment continues to operate in the event of MV/LV substation failure for example; if one substation fails, 3/4 of the total power remains available. This type of architecture is particularly justified economically when industrial buildings use reversible heating/air conditioning components (for ex. Roof mounted heat pumps). This equipment in fact requires considerable additional, evenly-distributed power of 100VA/M2. This architecture (Both the general and sub-distribution) uses mainly factory built components (busbars and distribution boards components) for more standard flexibility, availability, time and cost control requirements which result in the following: 1. Shorter installation time.

2. Easy deal with design (specifications, inaccuracies, etc.), installation (worksite, hazards, etc.) and operating (modification, workshop relocation, etc.). 3. The reliability of the plant is guaranteed. This power distribution architecture has the following evaluation:

Flexibility Availability Time and Cost Control

**** **** ***

Comparison of the three common power distribution architectures with regard of satisfying the user needs will be as follows:

"Radial branched" Flexibility Availability Time and Cost Control

"Dualtransformer shared"

"Multipletransformer shared"

** ** **

*** *** ***

**** **** ***

Actually, each industrial site has its own particular needs and requires a specific type of power distribution architecture, the selection between these common types of power distribution architecture is usually based on the following points: 1. Type of building use. 2. Level of building installations, equipment and furnishing. 3. Buildings Cost budget. 4. User needs from the building. 5. Regulations of utility companies and local authorities. You can use the preliminary design checklist for listing the above information and then you will be able to select the right type of power distribution architecture for each case. For me, I use the advanced preliminary design checklist to do this which has the following advantages: 1- The best professional form for Establishment preliminary design phase It include all the factors that can influence an electrical design for any project such as

Site topology, Service reliability, Load distribution, Environmental impact and etc. 2- Very easy to use It guides you step by step to design the power distribution architecture for any project. Besides, it is an excel form; you need only to put marks () beside your selection from the multiple choices for each design step. 3- Increase you designs credibility and quality If you get your clients admiration for the method and arrangements that you use for gathering and analyzing information about his project, of course you add another permanent client and get more good reputation and popularity. Did you want your copy of advanced preliminary design checklist?! I hear your answer; of course yes. So, let usmake a deal; just register as a follower and I will send the advanced preliminary design checklist to you by mailimmediately. Is it a fair deal?! I need to know your answer in your comment. In the next topic, I will explain the different types of for commercial buildings and their general electrical requirements. So, please keep following.

in the previous topic, Electrical Design Philosophy for Major Types of Buildings,We talk about the different types of buildings and how the building type (function) influence its electrical design. This was very clear in our previous discussions for the electrical design requirements of the industrial buildings which were included in the following topics: Electrical Design Requirements for Industrial Building Specific Electrical Design Requirements for Industrial Buildings Part One Specific Electrical Design Requirements for Industrial Buildings Part Two

Today, I will explain the second type of buildings which is Commercial buildings and clarify the electrical requirements of this type of buildings. Commercial building definition: A building with more than 50 percent of its floor space used for commercial activities. Commercial buildings include, but are not limited to, office buildings, industrial property, medical centers, hotels, malls, retail stores, shopping centers, farm land, multifamily housing buildings, warehouses, and garages. Commercial building Classifications: The commercial buildings category include many types of buildings vary from traditional buildings like offices, Retail, Multi Family, self storage, etc. and Non-Traditional buildings like Auto Repair Shops, Hotels & Motels, Pharmacies, Daycare Centers, Outdoor Entertainment Centers, etc. However, the commercial buildings can be classified to main five categories included in the following table:

# 1

Category Leisure

Examples hotels, public houses, restaurants, cafes, sports facilities

2 3 4 5

Retail Office Residential Healthcare

retail stores, malls, shopping centers, shops office buildings, serviced offices multifamily housing buildings medical centers, hospitals, nursing homes

Commercial building types examples per category: First: Leisure category

1- Hotel Hotel applies to buildings that rent overnight accommodations on a room/suite basis typically including a bath/shower and other facilities in guest rooms. Hotel properties typically have daily services available to guests including housekeeping /laundry and a front desk/concierge. The total gross floor area should include the following spaces: all interior space, including guestrooms, halls, lobbies, atria, food preparation and restaurant space, conference and banquet space, health clubs/spas, indoor pool areas, and laundry facilities. as well as all space used for supporting functions such as elevator shafts, stairways, mechanical rooms, storage areas, employee break rooms, back-of-house offices, etc. Hotel does not apply to properties where more than 50% of the floor area is occupied by fractional ownership units such as condominiums or vacation timeshares. Hotel properties should be majority-owned by a single entity and have rooms available on a nightly basis

2- Restaurant

Restaurant is a commercial building where meals are prepared and served to customers, it typically include the following spaces:

Entry and Waiting Area. Dining Room. Bar or Lounge. Walk-up Service or Take Out Counter. Restrooms (ADA compliant). Kitchen. Hostess and Wait Stations. Ample Aisle and Circulation Space. Dry and Refrigerated Storage. Office and Employee Amenities.

3- Sports Facilities Are building where people can go to play many different types of sports. Sports facilities typically include the following spaces:

ADMIN BUILDING/ INDOOR GYMNASIUM Lobby waiting area Admin Office Manager's Office Accounting Booking Personnel Conference Room/s Ticket Area

INDOOR SPORTS FACILITY Table Tennis Darts Squash Billiards Badminton weight Training/ Fitness Gym

OUTDOOR FACILITIES S-Lane, Track & Field Court/ Soccer long and Triple jump High jump Pole Vault Hummer throw Discuss throw Javelin Throw Putting & Shot Basketball

OTHER FACILITIES Parking Spaces Bleachers Security Off Canteen/s/ Food Court Sleeping areas Dining Areas Souvenir Shops Trophy Case/ Bulletin board

Courts/s Clinic/Emergency Facility Toilets Storage Space Volleyball Court/s Baseball field Lawn Tennis 50 meter/ 8 lane/s swimming pool Diving (Spring Board Platform

Second: Retail Category

1- Retail Store Retail Store applies to facility space used to conduct the retail sale of consumer product goods. Stores must be at least 5,000 square feet and have an exterior entrance to the public. The total gross floor area should include All supporting functions such as kitchens and break rooms used by staff, storage areas, administrative areas, elevators, stairwells, etc. Retail segments typically included under this definition are: Department Stores, Discount Stores, Supercenters, Warehouse Clubs, Drug Stores, Dollar Stores, Home Center/Hardware Stores, and Apparel/Hard Line Specialty Stores (e.g. books, clothing, office products, toys, home goods, and electronics). Retail segments excluded under this definition are: Supermarkets (eligible to be benchmarked as Supermarket space), Convenience Stores, Automobile Dealerships, and Restaurants. 2- Supermarket

The Supermarket/Grocery Store space type applies to facility space used for the retail sale of food and beverage products. The total gross floor area should include all supporting functions such as kitchens and break rooms used by staff, storage areas (refrigerated and non-refrigerated), administrative areas, stairwells, atria, lobbies, etc.

Third: Office Category

1- Office buildings Office applies to facility spaces used for general office, professional, and administrative purposes. The total gross floor area should include all supporting functions such as kitchens used by staff, lobbies, atria, conference rooms and auditoria, fitness areas for staff, storage areas, stairways, elevator shafts, etc. The following information is required for an Office Space Forth: Residential Category

1- Multifamily Housing The Multifamily space type as a residential building equal to or larger than 3 units which is either rented, leased, let or hired out, to be occupied, or is occupied, as the residence or home of three or more families living independently of each other. Multifamily space types include all square footage in the residential units, common areas, and unconditioned space (boiler room). Occupants of Multifamily housing can include tenants,

cooperators, and/or individual owners 2- Single Family Housing A single-family house is contained within walls extending from the basement (or the ground floor, if there is no basement) to the roof. Fifth: Healthcare Category

1- Hospital (General Medical and Surgical) Hospitals are Buildings used as diagnostic and treatment facilities for inpatient care. it applies to a general medical and surgical hospital that is either a stand-alone building or a campus of buildings. These facilities provide acute care services including emergency medical care, physician's office services, diagnostic care, ambulatory care, surgical care, and limited specialty services such as rehabilitation and cancer care. The definition of Hospital accounts for all space types that are located within the Hospital building/campus, such as medical offices, administrative offices, and skilled nursing. The total floor area should include the aggregate floor area of all buildings on the campus as well as all supporting functions such as: stairways, connecting corridors between buildings, medical offices, exam rooms, laboratories, lobbies, atria, cafeterias, storage areas, elevator shafts, and any space affiliated with emergency medical care, or diagnostic care. 2- Medical Office Medical Office applies to facility space used to provide diagnosis and treatment for medical, dental, or psychiatric outpatient care. The total gross floor area should include all supporting functions such as kitchens used by staff, laboratories, lobbies, atria,

conference rooms and auditoria, fitness areas for staff, storage areas, stairways, elevator shafts, etc.

General Electrical System requirements for Commercial buildings: The fundamental objective of commercial building design is to provide a safe, comfortable, energy-efficient, and attractive environment for living, working, and enjoyment. The electrical design must satisfy these criteria if it is to be successful. Todays commercial buildings, because of their increasing size and complexity, have become more and more dependent upon adequate and reliable electric systems. One can better understand the complex nature of modern commercial buildings by examining the Electrical System requirements systems. The systems, equipment, and facilities that must be provided to satisfy functional requirements will vary with the type of facility, but will generally include some or all of the following: 1. Building electric service. 2. Power distribution system. 3. Lighting Interior and exterior, both utilitarian and decorative; task and general lighting. 4. Communications Telephone, facsimile, telegraph, satellite link, building-to-building communications (including microwave, computer link, radio, closed-circuit television, code call, public address, paging, fiber optic and electronic intercommunication, pneumatic tube, doctors and nurses call, teleconferencing), and a variety of other signal systems. 5. Fire alarm systems Fire pumps and sprinklers, smoke and Fire detection, alarm systems, and emergency public address systems. 6. Transportation: Elevators, moving stairways, dumbwaiters, and moving walkways. 7. Space conditioning: Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. 8. Sanitation: Garbage and rubbish storage, recycling, compaction, and removal; incinerators; sewage handling; and document shredders and pulpers. 9. Plumbing: Hot and cold water systems and water treatment facilities. 10. Security watchmen, burglar alarms, electronic access systems, and closed-circuit surveillance television.

11. Business machines: Typewriters, computers, calculators, reproduction machines, and word processors. 12. Refrigeration equipment. 13. Food handling, catering, dining facilities, and food preparation facilities. 14. Maintenance facilities. 15. Lightning protection. 16. Automated building control systems. 17. Entertainment facilities and specialized audiovisual systems. 18. Medical facilities. 19. Recreational facilities. 20. Legally required and optional standby/emergency power and peak-shaving systems. 21. Signing, signaling, and traffic control systems; parking control systems including automated parking systems.

Commercial buildings voltage classifications: commercial buildings are primarily people- and public-oriented and because of their different sizes and types, they can need electrical supply with different voltage classes , for examples simple residential building will need an electrical supply with low voltage class (under 1000 V) from public Low Voltage grid while a commercial building used as health care facilities will need an electrical supply with medium voltage class (UP to 20KV) Via public or in-house MV substations, for more information about different voltage classes , please review the following links:

Course EE-1 : Voltage Ranges -Part One

EE-1 Course: Voltage Ranges - Part Two

ntroduction: In the previous Topic General Electrical Design Requirements for Commercial Building", I explain the types of Commercial building and the general outlines of electrical requirements for these buildings.

Commercial buildings
Today, I will explain in detail the specific Electrical Requirements for Commercial Buildings which must be known for any engineer wants to learn or practice the electrical design engineering. The following aspects should be taken into consideration when designing electric power distribution systems for Commercial buildings: Simplification of operational management by transparent, simple power system structures. Low costs for power losses, e.g. by medium-voltage-side power transmission to the load centers. High reliability of supply and operational safety of the installations even in the event of individual equipment failures (redundant supply, selectivity of the power system protection, and high availability). Easy adaptation to changing load and operational conditions. Low operating costs thanks to maintenance-friendly equipment. Sufficient transmission capacity of equipment during normal operation and also in the event of a fault, taking future expansions into account. Good quality of the power supply, i.e. few voltage changes due to load fluctuations with sufficient voltage symmetry and few harmonic distortions in the voltage. Compliance with applicable standards and project related stipulations for special installations.

It is known for all designers that the general factors affecting the network configuration selection and design in commercial buildings are as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. The respective supply task. The building dimensions. The number of stories above / below ground. The building use.

5.

The building equipment and power density.

any designer wants to optimize his design by completely satisfying the individual needs of the building users, and in case of Commercial building design , these individual needs will be generally as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Low investment. Straightforward network configuration. High reliability and quality of supply. Low power losses. Favorable and flexible expansion options. Low electromagnetic interference.

And any network configuration must be characterized by the following:

Number of feeder points. Type of meshing and size of the power outage reserve. Size and type of power sources.

Types of LV networks configurations: The stated characteristics in above divide network configurations into two main types as follows: 1. Radial networks. 2. Ring / Mesh networks. 1- Radial networks:

Radial Network
Low-voltage-side power distribution within buildings is preferably designed in a radial topology and generally the radial networks have the following advantages:

Easy monitoring of the power system. Fast fault localization. Easy and clear power system protection. Easy operation.

2- Ring / Mesh networks

Ring / Mesh Network

Operating a meshed low-voltage system with distributed transformer feed-in locations places high requirements on the design and operation of the power system. For this reason, ring-type systems in combination with high-current busbar trunking systems are preferred today, in particular in highly consumptive industrial processes. The advantage of a ring-type system with distributed transformer feed-in locations in the load centers as compared to central feed-in with a radial network will be as follows: The reliable and flexible supply of power consumers, The better voltage maintenance, in particular in case of load changes, Lower power losses.

In the Basic Electrical design course EE-2 Level I, I will explain in detail the using of radial and ring networks concepts in the following stages (see fig.1): Configurations of LV side power distribution within buildings Connection to the upstream Networks (MV side power distribution) Configurations of MV side power distribution

Fig.1 In this course , EE-1: Beginners' Electrical design course , We will study the famous power system architectures for the commercial buildings which can be counted as references can be modified/ extended to meet specific customer project requirements.
These famous power system architectures for the commercial buildings include:

Low building, type 1: One supply section. Low building, type 2: Two supply sections. High-rise building, type 1: Central power supply, cables.

High-rise High-rise High-rise High-rise

building, type building, type building, type building, type

2: Central power supply, busbars. 3: Transformers at remote location. 4: Distributed supply, cables. 5: Distributed power supply, busbars.

In the previous five topics, I explain the Famous Power system architectures for the commercial buildings. Of course there are other types which differed from these famous ones due to one or more design factor from the following: 1. The respective supply task. 2. The building dimensions. 3. The number of stories above / below ground. 4. The building use. 5. The building equipment and power density. 6. Number of feeder points. 7. Type of meshing and size of the power outage reserve. 8. Size and type of power sources. Today, we need to make a comprehensive comparison between these Famous Power systems architectures for the commercial buildings which included in the past five topics listed in below: Power Part One Power Part Two Power Part Three Power Part Four Power Part Five

system architectures for the commercial buildings system architectures for the commercial buildings system architectures for the commercial buildings system architectures for the commercial buildings system architectures for the commercial buildings

The comparison will be as follows:

Modul e 1 2

Building type Low-rise building Low-rise building High-rise building High-rise building

Supply 1 supply section 2 supply section 1 supply section, central power supply 1 supply section, central

Wiring /main route Cable Busbar Cable Busbar

Floor s 4 4 10 10

Floo r area 2,50 0 m2 2,50 0 m2

Total area 10,000 m2 20,000 m2

Power required 1,000 2,000 kW > 2,000 KW 1800 kW 1800 kW

1,00 10,00 0 m2 0 m2 1,00 10,00 0 m2 0 m2

High-rise building High-rise building High-rise building

1 supply section, transformers at remote location 1 supply section, distributed 1 supply section, distributed

Cable Cable Busbar

10 20 > 20 > 20

1,00 20,00 0 m2 0 m2 1,00 > 20,00 0 m2 0 m2 1,00 > 20,00 0 m2 0 m2

1,500 kW 2,000 kW 2,000 kW

And you can use the following Flow chart as a guide for good selection of appropriate power system architecture for commercial building projects.

Flow chart for good selection of appropriate power

system architecture for commercial building projects

In the next topic, I will explain the electrical requirements for healthcare facilities. So, please keep following.